Electrohydraulic effect and its application in industry. Electrohydraulic effect and its application in industry Increasing the efficiency of the Yutkin effect

19.10.2019

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L. A. Yutkin

When a specially formed pulsed high-voltage electric discharge is created inside the volume of a liquid, ultrahigh pressures develop in the zone of the latter, which can be widely used for practical purposes - for example, for the first time in 1950, L.A. Yutkin formulated the proposed by him new way transformation electrical energy into a mechanical one, called by the author the electrohydraulic effect (EGE).

From the first days of its discovery, the electro-hydraulic effect has been and remains a constant source of the birth of many progressive technological processes which are now widely used throughout the world. This is the reason for its enduring importance and the ever-increasing interest shown in it in the most diverse branches of science, technology and the national economy.

For the last 30 years of his life, L.A. Yutkin worked actively and fruitfully in the field of electrohydraulics. During this period they developed theoretical basis phenomena, process control methods have been identified that significantly expand the possibilities and ensure high efficiency of electrohydraulic processing of materials, more than 200 methods and devices have been proposed practical application EGE, 140 copyright certificates for inventions were received, 50 publications on electrohydraulics were published. Under his leadership, fundamental designs were developed industrial installations for various purposes, search work has been carried out, devices and technological processes have been prepared for implementation and partially implemented, which make it possible to effectively use the electro-hydraulic effect in many areas of the national economy.

The Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in June 1982, determining the value scientific activity L. A. Yutkina, noted that his invention of a method for obtaining high and ultra-high pressures (a. s. 105011, USSR) formed the basis of a new industrial method for transforming electrical energy into mechanical energy, a new electro-hydraulic method for processing materials and practical use EGE (a.p. 121053,

USSR). L. A. Yutkin was a leading specialist in the development of the EGE theory. Posthumously, L. A. Yutkin was awarded the title of laureate of the State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR for 1981,

The book reflects the main results of scientific, inventive and engineering activities L. A. Yutkina. Most of the materials are published for the first time. The book was prepared for publication by the main co-author and assignee L. I. Goltsova.

The limited volume of the book did not allow a sufficient presentation of all the main developments of the author.

Today, according to the State Committee for Science and Technology of the USSR, the introduction of various electro-hydraulic machines and technological processes annually brings tens of millions of rubles in savings to our country. However, the wide practical development of electrohydraulics is just beginning. The publication of the book will undoubtedly help accelerate the introduction of the electrohydraulic effect into all branches of the national economy.

Please send all feedback and wishes to the address: 191065, Leningrad, st. Dzerzhinsky, 10, LO publishing house "Engineering".

Having first become interested in spark electric discharges in water in 1933, the author subsequently devoted himself entirely to solving the problem of obtaining an effective hydraulic shock using an electric discharge. At the end of the 1930s, the author basically formulated the principle of obtaining the so-called extra-long discharges, which is cardinal for all electrohydraulics. In 1948, the opportunity arose to study the problem thoroughly, and this led to the patenting of the first and fundamental invention in the field of electro-hydraulics - "Method for obtaining high and ultra-high pressures", that is, a method for obtaining an electro-hydraulic effect.

But electrohydraulics was not born out of nothing and has its predecessors. Experiments with spark discharges in liquids were carried out by scientists as early as the 18th century. So, in 1766, the American naturalist T. Lane, in his letter addressed to B. Franklin, containing a description of the device and operation of the electrometer invented by him, as evidence that his device really measures the quantity, and not some special qualities of electricity, wrote that various experiments were carried out with discharges containing various quantities electricity, and these discharges were carried out by him not only in air, but also in water and other liquids [I].

From the description of the experiments and the operation of the device invented by Lane, it can be understood that in his experiments spark discharges did occur in water several millimeters long with a rather steep front and therefore a high mechanical efficiency. Lane's experiments are striking in their simplicity and "freshness of thought. However, the true meaning and great significance of the phenomena observed in the experiments remained completely unnoticed and misunderstood by either T. Lane himself or B." Franklin, nor D. Priestley, who repeated Lane's experiments in 1769, nor many other scientists who knew about their work. It is no coincidence, therefore, that the experiments of T. Lane and D. Priestley were first remembered only 200 years later - after the publication of our first works, when all electrohydraulics as a science had practically already been formed.

In the literature on electrohydraulics, other works are sometimes mentioned that deserve the highest praise, but do not have direct relationship to electrohydraulics. One of these works was the article by G. I. Pokrovsky and V. A. Yampolsky “Electrohydro - a dynamic analogy of cumulations”. However, the name itself - it speaks of a complete dissimilarity with the content and meaning of the author's works. In the book of GI Pokrovsky, published in 1962, our priority for the discovery of the electrohydraulic effect is emphasized. The invention of I. V. Fedorov was also mentioned “Method and device for disinfection and sterilization using high-frequency currents”. However, this work lacks the main features, which underlie the implementation of the electro-hydraulic effect - the shortening of the front and the duration of the electric pulse. In I. V. Fedorov’s scheme, there is no forming spark gap - a pulse sharpener, which allows you to go to voltages that are much higher than the breakdown voltage for the working gap, and therefore the device invented by I. V. Fedorov is actually a spark source of sound and cannot be a source of obtaining electrohydraulic effect.

The work of the predecessors of electrohydraulics ended in 1948 with the publication of an article by F. Fryungel “On the mechanical efficiency of a spark in liquids.” Without making a single practical conclusion and determining the mechanical efficiency of the discharge found by him at 1%, F. Fryungel then moved away from studying such discharges for a long time , again taking up them only after the publication of the author's works.

The reasons why many researchers have missed the huge practical possibilities a lot of new physical phenomena. At the basis of their general failure, obviously, lies the lack of an inventive, practical view of the phenomena under study, as well as the lack of a social need for the use of ultra-high hydraulic pressures.

Paying tribute to the research of our predecessors, it is impossible not to admit that "from Lane to Frungel, science knew only the phenomenon of an electric discharge in a liquid as such, without any indication that a millimeter discharge in a liquid is the prototype of a new industrial way transformation of electrical energy into mechanical energy and can be widely used in the most various areas science and technology.

Further work of the author made it possible to expand and deepen theoretical ideas about the nature of the electro-hydraulic effect, to determine a number of methods and techniques that ensure high efficiency of machines and mechanisms operating on this principle, to propose more than two hundred methods and devices for applying the electro-hydraulic effect, many of which have already been put into practice.

According to published data, hundreds of installations for electrohydraulic processing of metals of various purposes are already operating abroad, where electrohydraulic stamping has received the greatest development. In the USSR, installations for electrohydraulic cleaning of castings are most widely used. Dozens of electro-hydraulic installations for casting cleaning annually put into operation at the Experimental Design Bureau of Electrohydraulics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (Nikolaev) and at the Amurlitmash Plant (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) are put into operation every year. A number of such units are exported. Sold licenses for the manufacture and supply of electro-hydraulic units to Sweden, Spain, Hungary, Japan. More than 140 electro-hydraulic presses, dozens of electro-hydraulic installations for expanding tubes of heat exchangers, electro-hydraulic crushers of various modifications, electro-hydraulic installations for the destruction of oversized items, etc., also operate in various industries of the USSR.

According to the USSR State Committee on Science and Technology, only for the period from 1971 to 1975. the actual economic effect from the application of the electro-hydraulic effect in national economy The USSR amounted to 23 million rubles. The introduction of various electro-hydraulic technologies and equipment has the widest prospects in the future.

The author of the channel “Show “IGIP” presents the topic of the experiment “Electrohydroelectric effect of Yutkin”. Its essence is that during the passage of the discharge high voltage through a liquid, we have several physical phenomena: from evaporation to electrolysis. As a result, we get an instant increase in pressure and a noticeable water hammer. Let's check the effect in practice by creating an installation for this with our own hands. At the end of the publication, the second homemade installation to study this phenomenon. It was developed by another author.

By the way, in the proposed capacities it is quite enough to crush stones. In Germany, even equipment for the production of crushed stone is produced on this principle. The Yutkin effect was obtained wide application in medicine and technology. Unfortunately, the charlatans also liked the Yutkin effect. Therefore, he is credited with anything: from gratuitous electricity to cold nuclear fusion. To the extent that they don't believe that the Yutkin effect can turn water into something that cures all diseases better than urine therapy.

But that's not what we're here for. Let's assemble the installation and conduct some experiments with our own with my own hands. The main unit of the demonstration device is a capacitor bank. Capacitors purchased at a local flea market. The next in line are arresters: air and underwater. They will be made in two pieces breadboard using a wire.

First, solder the capacitors together, in parallel. Let's make two blocks of four. Soldered, now we have two blocks of capacitors. This is done for this: there are two blocks of capacitors, 4 kV 0.4 uF each. Now you can turn them on, both in parallel by shorting these two outputs, and in series. In the first case, we will have 0.8 uF per 4 kV, and in the second case, 8 kV 0.2 uF.

In this experiment on reproducing the Yutkin effect, we will turn them on in parallel, so now we will short-circuit two conclusions using a piece copper wire. By the way, this same piece of copper wire will be one of the outputs of the arrester. Therefore, we bend it with the letter G and solder it to our board. Please note that the ends of the arresters must be sharpened, sharpened on a needle. We'll do this a bit later with a file. Now we will solder them to the base.

In the same way, we prepare the second output of the spark gap. Everything, the spark gap is almost ready, it remains only to sharpen these two electrodes. Now with this wire we connect the arrester together with the capacitors, well, we perform parallel connection capacitors. Next, we make a second spark gap, take another piece of wire, but do not immediately remove the insulation from it with our own hands. We remove 4 centimeters of insulation on each side, align it and wrap it around a blank of a suitable diameter.

Continuation from 5 minutes on the video about the Yutkin effect.

Another design, which consists of 6 parts.

The heart of the Yutkin installation is a capacitor. It can be made at home. It is done very simply. Foil, film, sock and ball. The ball presses the foil. The head of the installation is a forming arrester. It's also easy to make. Ignition coil from the car. Electronic transformer, it can be purchased at any store. We rewind the winding and get 24 kilovolts. We connect this device to the capacitor through a diode to the forming spark gap. The latter is removed from the microwave. We connect the cavitator, which stands in the water. Spring water. Turn on. Please note: the water begins to become cloudy. Minerals that are in the water are crushed. Water changes from hard to soft. After drinking a glass of such water, you will feel internal warmth.

izobreteniya.net

Yutkin effect, water hammer or pressure of one hundred thousand atmospheres from a short electrical impulse

The outstanding Soviet physicist and inventor Lev Alexandrovich Yutkin was born on August 5, 1911 in the city of Belozersk, Vologda region. He entered the university only in 1930, after two years of forced labor at the factory as a turner "because of class unreliability." In the fourth year of university, in 1933, Lev Yutkin received the first serious results on the electro-hydraulic effect. Shortly after his discovery, in the same 33rd year, he was imprisoned under Article 58 (treason). An accusation of trying to blow up a bridge with your EGE! An opinion was formed that Yutkin invented his EGE only in 1950, since it was in this year that the effect was patented, but this is not so! The vast majority of studies on the topic of the electro-hydraulic effect were carried out and completed by him back in the 30s, and, according to him, he formed a complete theory of the electro-hydrodynamic effect back in 1938.

The author himself has repeatedly modernized and improved his developments, for example, the same circuit diagram was eventually implemented using two spark gaps, which, according to its creator, greatly increased the steepness of the pulse fronts and made the circuit much more efficient and easier to tune.

In addition to the appearance of a local pressure of several tens of thousands of atmospheres, which the author successfully used, for example, for crushing stone boulders into small pieces or for pressing metals, this effect is also accompanied by several more useful and amazing properties. If we try to select all amazing properties EGE, it turns out something like this:

Local increase in pressure up to several tens of thousands of atmospheres. Due to the incompressibility of water and, as a result, the distribution of this pressure throughout the entire water volume, given property can be used for crushing and grinding rock, metal pressing and stamping, as well as for converting into other types mechanical energy, for example, in torque through the use of crank mechanisms of a special design.

More detailed technical information on this effect and other discoveries and inventions of the author, can be found in the proposed book.

EGE Yutkin and its application in industry 1986 edition

This topic is actively discussed on our forum!

And to help practitioners, we offer an excellent resource where you can find transformer winding connection diagrams, designations of the beginnings and ends of transformer windings, groups of winding connections and much more practically useful information in electrical engineering.

zaryad.com

Genius is simple. Yutkin effect - logbook Subaru Outback Bagira 2006 on DRIVE2

ev Yutkin - an outstanding Soviet inventor who has more than a hundred inventions, including the Yutkin effect or the electrohydraulic effect (EGE)

For more than seventy years, mankind has known beyond effective method conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy, through the electrohydraulic Yutkin effect (EGE). But, as always, the effect is not used in everyday life, there is nothing about it and its author on Wikipedia, and official science really does not like to remember either the effect itself, let alone its author Lev Yutkin with his more than a hundred inventions . Everything is to blame, as always, for super-efficiency and efficiency of several thousand percent, which, as we know from official science and physics textbooks, cannot be!

The Yutkin electrohydraulic effect itself, or EGE for short, is a powerful water hammer with a local pressure of more than one hundred thousand atmospheres, which occurs during the passage spark discharge high voltage, through the water gap. That is why in the "people" this effect is simply called water hammer, although in fairness it should be noted that the scientific meaning of water hammer is far from this phenomenon and has nothing to do with Yutkin's EGE.

To get an EGE alternating current from the network is fed to a step-up transformer, where the voltage increases to several kilovolts. Further electricity rectified by the diodes and fed to the capacitor, where the voltage accumulates up to desired value. After that, a high-voltage breakdown occurs between the electrodes placed in the water, which gives rise to the occurrence of an electro-hydraulic shock, which manifests itself in the form of a loud pop with a local increase in pressure of several tens of thousands of atmospheres.

One of the most serious practical values and advantages of this effect is its 100% repeatability and ease of implementation even at home, without the use of expensive laboratory equipment and materials.

Local rise in temperature. According to the author and independent researchers of this effect, in the presence of EGE, the temperature of the liquid increases incommensurably faster than the electricity spent on EGE, which makes it possible to build highly efficient heating devices on this effect. This property of heating is manifested in conjunction with the above property of a local increase in pressure, which makes it expedient to use both of these properties simultaneously.

Isolation of Brown's gas from water. Since this property was discovered not by the author himself, but by his later followers, this property is not so well studied, especially in its quantitative part, but its very presence, as mentioned earlier, does not cancel the previously described properties and makes it possible to use all three basic properties of the Yutkin electrohydraulic effect at the same time!

www.drive2.ru

Yutkin effect or forgotten revolutionary way of energy conversion - Community "It's interesting to know..." on DRIVE2

Lev Yutkin - an outstanding Soviet inventor who has more than a hundred inventions, including the Yutkin effect or the electrohydraulic effect (EGE)

For more than seventy years, mankind has known a super-efficient method of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, through the electro-hydraulic Yutkin effect (EGE). But, as always, the effect is not used in everyday life, there is nothing about it and its author on Wikipedia, and official science really does not like to remember either the effect itself, let alone its author Lev Yutkin with his more than a hundred inventions . Everything is to blame, as always, for super-efficiency and efficiency of several thousand percent, which, as we know from official science and physics textbooks, cannot be!

An outstanding Soviet physicist and inventor Lev Aleksandrovich Yutkin was born on August 5, 1911 in the city of Belozersk, Vologda region. He entered the university only in 1930, after two years of forced labor at the factory as a turner "because of class unreliability." In the fourth year of university, in 1933, Lev Yutkin received the first serious results on the electro-hydraulic effect. Shortly after his discovery, in the same 33rd year, he was imprisoned under Article 58 (treason). An accusation of trying to blow up a bridge with your EGE! An opinion was formed that Yutkin invented his EGE only in 1950, since it was in this year that the effect was patented, but this is not so! The vast majority of studies on the topic of the electro-hydraulic effect were carried out and completed by him back in the 30s, and, according to him, he formed a complete theory of the electro-hydrodynamic effect back in 1938.

The Yutkin electro-hydraulic effect itself, or EGE for short, is a powerful water hammer with a local pressure of more than one hundred thousand atmospheres, which occurs when a high-voltage spark discharge passes through a water gap. That is why in the "people" this effect is simply called water hammer, although in fairness it should be noted that the scientific meaning of water hammer is far from this phenomenon and has nothing to do with Yutkin's EGE.

To obtain EGE, alternating current from the network is fed to a step-up transformer, where the voltage is increased to several kilovolts. Next, the electric current is rectified by diodes and fed to the capacitor, where the voltage accumulates to the desired value. After that, a high-voltage breakdown occurs between the electrodes placed in the water, which gives rise to the occurrence of an electro-hydraulic shock, which manifests itself in the form of a loud pop with a local increase in pressure of several tens of thousands of atmospheres.

In addition to the appearance of a local pressure of several tens of thousands of atmospheres, which the author successfully used, for example, for crushing stone boulders into small pieces or for pressing metals, this effect is also accompanied by several other useful and amazing properties. If you try to highlight all the amazing properties of the EGE, you get something like this:

Local increase in pressure up to several tens of thousands of atmospheres. Due to the incompressibility of water and, as a result, the distribution of this pressure throughout the entire water volume, this property can be used for crushing and grinding rock, metal pressing and stamping, as well as for converting into other types of mechanical energy, for example, into torque through the use of a crank connecting rod mechanisms of a special design.

The Yutkin effect or electrohydraulic effect is a high-voltage electrical discharge in liquid medium. It causes various physical phenomena, such as the appearance of ultra-high impulse hydraulic pressures (the most powerful water hammer with a local pressure above one hundred thousand atmospheres), electromagnetic radiation in a wide spectrum of frequencies up to, under certain conditions, up to X-ray, cavitation phenomena.

including peat processing, extraction of vegetable raw materials

Description:

The Yutkin effect or electrohydraulic effect is a high-voltage electric discharge in a liquid medium. When forming electric discharge in a liquid, the release of energy occurs over a fairly short period of time. Powerful high voltage electric pulse with a steep leading edge causes various physical phenomena, such as the appearance of ultra-high impulse hydraulic pressures (a powerful water hammer with a local pressure above one hundred thousand atmospheres), electromagnetic radiation in a wide frequency spectrum up to, under certain conditions, up to X-ray, cavitation phenomena. These factors have various physical and chemical effects on the liquid and the bodies placed in it.

This effect was first discovered (1933) and studied by our compatriot, the Soviet scientist Lev Alexandrovich Yutkin, after whom this effect was named.

The electrohydraulic effect, by definition of Yutkin himself, is a method of converting electrical energy into mechanical, which takes place without the mediation of intermediate mechanical links, with high efficiency.

Properties and benefits of the Yutkin effect:

– local increase in pressure up to several tens of thousands of atmospheres. Due to the incompressibility of water and, as a result, the distribution of this pressure throughout the water volume, this property can be used for crushing and grinding rock, metal pressing and stamping, as well as for converting into other types of mechanical energy, for example, into torque through the use of crank mechanisms of a special design,

– local rise in temperature. The temperature of the liquid increases disproportionately faster than the electricity spent on the electrohydraulic effect, which makes it possible to build highly efficient heating devices on this effect. This property of heating is manifested in conjunction with the above property of a local increase in pressure, which makes it advisable to use both of these properties simultaneously,

– evolution of Brown's gas (mixture of hydrogen and oxygen) from water.

Obtaining an electro-hydraulic effect:

An electrohydraulic discharge occurs when an impulse voltage of sufficient amplitude and duration is applied to a liquid, as a result of which an electrical breakdown develops. The characteristic time of the leading edge of the discharge current pulse is from fractions of a microsecond to several microseconds. The steep leading edge of the voltage applied to the discharge gap in a liquid is hallmark and an indispensable condition for the Yutkin effect.

To obtain an electro-hydraulic effect, alternating current from the network is fed to a step-up transformer, where the voltage is increased to several kilovolts. Next, the electric current is rectified by diodes and fed to the capacitor, where the voltage accumulates to the desired value. After that, a high-voltage breakdown occurs between the electrodes placed in the water, which gives rise to the occurrence of an electro-hydraulic shock, which manifests itself in the form of a loud pop with a local increase in pressure of several tens of thousands of atmospheres, a local increase in temperature, etc.

Schematic diagram of obtaining the Yutkin effect:

The author himself has repeatedly modernized and improved his developments, for example, the original circuit diagram was eventually implemented using two spark gaps, which, according to its creator, greatly increased the steepness of the pulse fronts and made the circuit much more efficient and easier to set up.

Note: R - charging resistance, Tr - transformer, V - rectifier, FP - forming a spark gap, RA - working and spark gap in the liquid, C - capacitor, FP1 and FP2 - forming spark gaps 1 and 2.

Lev Yutkin is an outstanding Soviet inventor who has more than a hundred inventions, including the Yutkin effect or the electrohydraulic effect (EGE), which is officially recognized as the most efficient way to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy with an efficiency of much more than 1.

Himself Yutkin's electrohydraulic effect or short EGE It is a powerful water hammer with a local pressure of more than one hundred thousand atmospheres, which occurs when a high-voltage spark discharge passes through a water gap. That is why in the "people" this effect is simply called water hammer, although in fairness it should be noted that the scientific meaning of water hammer is far from this phenomenon and has nothing to do with Yutkin's EGE.

In addition to the appearance of a local pressure of several tens of thousands of atmospheres, which the author successfully used, for example, for crushing stone boulders into small pieces or for pressing metals, this effect is also accompanied by several other useful and amazing properties. If you try to highlight all the amazing properties of the EGE, you get something like this:

Local increase in pressure up to several tens of thousands of atmospheres. Due to the incompressibility of water and, as a result, the distribution of this pressure throughout the entire water volume, this property can be used for crushing and grinding rock, metal pressing and stamping, as well as for converting into other types of mechanical energy, for example, into torque through the use of a crank connecting rod mechanisms of a special design.