Ecology environmental project. Teacher's World - International educational Internet portal. An example of a student's work

1. The influence of climatic and meteorological factors on the functioning of the body of students of early adolescence at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
2. Stray dogs in the urban environment in Yekaterinburg or regional cities and a danger to human health.
3. Dust collecting trees, their importance in improving the environment in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
4. Study of environmental factors in conditions of inclined microzonality of agricultural landscapes using the example of the Uktus Mountains.
5. Analysis of water quality and the condition of water intake structures in Yekaterinburg or cities Sverdlovsk region(specific example).
6. Monitoring of drinking water sources of non-centralized water supply in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
7. Studying phytoncidal properties green plants of the city of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region
8. Counting wintering birds: environmental aspect (Participation in the winter bird count program "Eurasian Christmas Count").
9. Methods for studying the ecological state of the Iset or Patrushikha river, lake. Shartash, other reservoirs of the region and their use in assessing anthropogenic impact (specific reservoir).
10. Comparison of the cleansing capacity of the river ecosystem of the Iset River, Patrushikha or other rivers in the region (a specific example).
11. Dandelion medicinal ( Taraxacum officinale Wigg) as an indicator of environmental pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
12. Perception of the visual environment and its influence on human well-being (on specific example).
13. Natural-historical-cultural natural monument "Stone Tents" or other natural monuments of the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
14. Comparative characteristics of the vegetation of the landscape natural monuments “Shartashsky Forest Park” and “Uktussky Forest Park” or other forest parks of the city (specific examples).
15. Condition assessment air environment districts of Yekaterinburg or other cities of the region using the lichen indication method (specific area).
16. The influence of anthropogenic impact on the growth and fruiting of Scots pine trees in Kharitonovsky Park or other parks of the city and region (specific park).
17. The role of propaganda in increasing motivation to protect the environment using the example of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College and its impact on human health.
18. Ecological change studies physical development first-year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
19. Household waste and problems of its disposal in the districts of Yekaterinburg or regional cities (a specific example).
20. Assessment of the condition of green spaces in areas of Yekaterinburg or regional cities and the impact on human health (a specific example).
21. Fauna of diurnal Lepidoptera in the areas of Yekaterinburg or regional cities.
22. Study of the demographic situation in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region (a specific example).
23. Assessment of the recreational capacity of a forest park or protected area in the Sverdlovsk region (specific area).
24. How to survive a monument in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region (a specific example).
25. Video ecology of the valley of the Iset or Patrushikha rivers and other rivers in the region.
26. Dynamics of the avifauna of some forest areas in the Sverdlovsk region (specific area) and the impact of anthropogenic load.
27. Practical aspects of interaction between people and birds in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
28. Factors influencing performance and fatigue in the educational process at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
29. Radiation monitoring of Yekaterinburg or regional cities.
30. The influence of environmental environmental factors on the health of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
31. The problem of our time “Tuberculosis is the border between life and death.”
32. Comparative characteristics of the environmental situation in the area of ​​buildings 1 and 2 of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
33. The influence of the urban environment on the condition of plants (using the example of studying the growth and development of lilac shoots).
34. Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds during the autumn migration period at the mouth of the Patrushikha River.
35. Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds during the autumn migration period in the pond of Kharitonovsky Park.
36. Noise pollution in building 2 of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
37. Correct guidance household(specific example).
38. Comparative analysis of biological methods for assessing air quality using lichen.
39. Study of Red Book and rare phytocenotic objects of a forest park or protected area of ​​the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
40. Some features of physical development and hemodynamic function of the heart in 1st and 2nd year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
41. Studying the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify genetically modified ingredients in it.
42. Studying the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify harmful food additives.
43. Monitoring the ecological state of ecological systems in Yekaterinburg or regional cities (specific examples).
44. Research of rare and protected plants of the city of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region.
45. Daily intake of nutrients by students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
46. Diet for students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
47. Assessment of the ecological state of the air on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
48. Video ecological justification for the discomfort of the interface of modern operating systems.
49. Comparative analysis of indoor plants in classrooms - No. 216, 316 as a factor in improving the microclimate of indoor spaces.
50. Study of the ecological state of Kharitonovsky Park or the Park of Culture and Recreation named after. Mayakovsky.
51. Ecological characteristics of the water system of the Shartash forest park (a specific example) and the impact on health.
52. Ecological characteristics of reservoirs in the Sverdlovsk region and their impact on health (a specific example).
53. Aging of the population of the Sverdlovsk region as an environmental problem.
54. Dynamics of the ecological state of the Park of Culture and Recreation named after. Mayakovsky.
55. Application of microfertilizer as effective way recycling household waste(in a specific area).
56. Forecasting the level of pollution of surface waters in the Sverdlovsk region.
57. Using the bioindication method to assess the state of atmospheric air in areas of the city of Yekaterinburg.
58. Analysis of drinking water in Yekaterinburg and its impact on health.
59. Ecological passport forest park in Yekaterinburg or regional cities (specific example).
60. Dependence of the incidence of ARVI and influenza in schoolchildren on the content in the diet ascorbic acid(vitamin C).
61. Biotechnical measures for the conservation of Red Book plant species on the territory of a forest park or nature reserve in Yekaterinburg or regional cities (a specific example).
62. Assessment of the state of the ecosystem of Lake Shartash or rivers and lakes of cities and towns in the region.
63. The mystery of the water we drink.
64. The influence of various types of soil cultivation on its agronomic properties.
65. Study of the ecological state of the Iset River, Patrushikha or rivers and lakes of the region.
66. Disorders of human eating behavior under the influence of socio-psychological factors.
67. Socio-psychological environmental factors and their impact on the health of students at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
68. Determination of the coefficient of aggressiveness of the surrounding video environment in Yekaterinburg or regional cities.
69. Definition environmental characteristics meadows of the Sverdlovsk region by vegetation cover (specific examples).
70. The influence of the anthropogenic factor on the meadow ecosystem in the Sverdlovsk region.
71. Assessment of the impact of aircraft noise in the area adjacent to Koltsovo Airport.
72. The problem of beer alcoholism among students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
73. Mobile phone: “for” and “against” (using the example of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
74. Determination of noise pollution on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
75. Nutritional supplements pros and cons.
76. Category E food additives for human health.
77. Assessment of the intensity of traffic flow and its impact on the state of atmospheric air in the area of ​​reinforced concrete products or other areas of the city and region.
78. Dynamics of the abundance and biomass of the earthworm (Limbricus terrestris) in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems (using the example of the suburban area of ​​the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region).
79. Determination of nitrates in agricultural products.
80. Dependence of the species and quantitative composition of birds on the degree of recreational load of natural forest parks and parks of the city of Yekaterinburg in winter.
81. Studying the impact of a highway on environmental safety using the example of a reinforced concrete area or other areas of the city and region.
82. "The green outfit of my street."
83. The impact of railway transport on human health (using specific examples).
84. Study of the illumination of classrooms at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
85. Ecological potential of the method of photographing wildlife in areas of the city of Yekaterinburg and regional cities.
86. Ecological potential of the method of drawings of living nature objects in areas of the city of Yekaterinburg and cities in the region.
87. Conduct a comparative analysis of parks or forest parks in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region using the method of photographing wildlife objects.
88. Landscape design of the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
89. Ecology of homeless animals in Yekaterinburg and regional cities.
90. Study of the ecological state of the springs of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region and the adjacent territory (using a specific example).
91. Development of springs and surrounding areas in the vicinity of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region (using a specific example).
92. Quality monitoring tap water in the city of Yekaterinburg.
93. The influence of the degree of environmental pollution on the physiological parameters of some tree species the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
94. Nitrates in vegetable products (using specific examples).
95. Peculiarities of perception of environmental risks in conditions of economic crisis.
96. Studying the problem of pollution of the urban environment by household waste (using the example of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region).
97. Dependence of bronchial asthma attacks on industrial air pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
98. My view on the problem of homeless animals in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region and ways to solve it.
99. Assessment of the state of the visual environment of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
100. The influence of the conditions of urbanized Yekaterinburg on the state of the cardiovascular system of students.
101. Mental performance and physiological adaptations of students to the vocational training system at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
102. Vitamin C in the diet of the indigenous and visiting population of Yekaterinburg.
103. Studying the effect of emissions road transport for the linear growth of pine in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
104. Study of the ecological environment of a residential premises (using a specific example).
105. Influence external factors for seed germination (using the example of flower seeds).
106. The influence of computer addiction on the performance of students at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
107. Study of the influence of the visual environment on human health in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
108. Study of college students' attitudes towards smoking and harmful effects tobacco products on living organisms (at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
109. Assessment of the sustainability of trees and shrubs in green spaces in residential areas of the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
110. Linden as a bioindicator of environmental pollution in Yekaterinburg and regional cities.

MUNICIPAL STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY SCHOOL with. ROBIN

Environmental education of schoolchildren

educational (pedagogical) project

Completed by: Zaeva A.I.

village Malinovka 2017

Relevance of the problem

What does ecology study? Ecology is a special section of general biology. She studies the interaction of living organisms, their adaptation to life with each other. Also in ecology, the nature of the connection and dependence of living beings on the conditions of their existence is studied.

Regularly in our country, the president signs a paper that announces the direction for the coming year. The lion's share of events is aimed at a specific area and solving problems in this area. And on January 1, the year of ecology begins - 2017. The corresponding decree has already been signed.
And I hope that my project “Environmental Education of Schoolchildren” will increase environmental thinking, as well as environmental knowledge and environmental culture of schoolchildren.

The problem of the relationship between man and nature is not new. However, at this time, the environmental problem of human interaction with the environment has become very acute and is becoming increasingly widespread. Our planet can only be saved by human actions that occur on the basis of a deep understanding of laws, natural phenomena, and the awareness that man is only a part of the surrounding world.

In conditions of environmental disaster great importance has environmental education for all inhabitants of the planet, both children and adults.

The school is designed to educate schoolchildren in the spirit of love for their native nature and environmental protection.

Primary school is the initial stage in the formation of environmental culture, environmental thinking, and the acquisition of environmental knowledge.

The child enters 1st grade. She has not yet formed stable views, beliefs, and interests. Therefore, the teacher’s task is to shape the thinking and ecological culture of each student, teach the younger generation to live according to the laws of nature, and ensure that a sense of personal responsibility for all life on Earth and concern for the conservation of nature become character traits of every person.

Ecology education should be active, interesting, rational, as close to life as possible, and the educational material should not be overloaded with mental information that children can properly perceive.

V. A. Sukhomlinsky argued that nature itself does not develop or educate. Leaving the child alone with her, one can only hope that, under the influence of the environment, he will become smart, deeply moral, and irreconcilable to evil. Only active interaction with nature can bring up the best human qualities.

A conscious and careful attitude of every person towards nature is possible only if there is an ecological culture, broad environmental knowledge, which should be formed starting from childhood. Knowledge of environmental standards, patterns of natural development, familiarity with mysterious world animals, plants, with the peculiarities of their behavior, problems that arise in their lives, very often due to human fault, will give everyone the opportunity to feel personal responsibility for the future of nature.

Problem

Modern experts, after numerous studies and measurements, reveal a depressing environmental situation, which is only getting worse with every passing day: water pollution; reducing the thickness of the ozone layer; destruction of green spaces; deterioration of soil conditions; increase in average temperatures, etc. Global problem living people - to save nature, which requires immediate action.

An object

Thus, the object of our project activity is nature and students primary classes.

Item

The subject of project activity will be nature itself, which is understood not only as an environment external to man - it includes man.

The attitude towards nature is closely related to family, social, industrial, interpersonal relationships human, covers all spheres of consciousness: scientific, political, ideological, artistic, moral, aesthetic, legal.

A responsible attitude towards nature is a complex personality characteristic. It means understanding the laws of nature that determine human life, manifested in compliance with moral and legal principles environmental management, in active creative activities to study and protect the environment, promote the ideas of proper environmental management, in the fight against everything that has a detrimental effect on surrounding nature.

Hypothesis

Starting the study, we put forward the following hypothesis: environmental education of schoolchildren will be successfully implemented:

1) in the context of the implementation of educational opportunities for the content of educational material in the aggregate during the lesson and extracurricular activities;

2) in the teacher’s use of methods and means that contribute to the formation of moral and environmental knowledge and skills.

Objective of the project

Formation of a responsible attitude towards the environment in students through involvement in active activities to study and protect the nature of their area.

Tasks

The formation of environmental education for all segments of the population involves:

Developing an understanding of modern environmental problems of the state and the world, awareness of their importance, relevance and universality;

Reviving the best traditions of your people in relationships with the environment, nurturing love for your native nature;

Forming an understanding of overcoming consumer attitudes towards nature;

Development of personal responsibility for the state of the environment;

Developing skills to make responsible decisions on environmental issues, mastering the norms of environmentally literate behavior;

Fostering deep respect for one’s own health and developing skills to preserve it;

Promotion environmental education by applying the acquired knowledge;

Development of students’ communicative competence in the process of communicating with representatives of various government and public organizations and social groups;

Development and improvement of students’ self-educational activities during the preparation and implementation of the project;

Development of students' creative potential.

Methods

We give preference to methods, forms and methodological techniques of teaching:

· encouraging students to constantly expand their knowledge about the environment, for which role-playing games, conversations, student reports, and quizzes are used in lessons;

· development of creative thinking, the ability to foresee the possible consequences of human nature-forming activities, for which methods are used that ensure the formation of intellectual skills: analysis, synthesis, comparison, establishment of cause-and-effect relationships, experience, laboratory work, conversation, observation - traditional methods;

· formation of research skills, abilities, abilities to make environmentally sound decisions and independently acquire new knowledge - a problem-based approach to the learning process;

· involving students in practical activities to solve environmental problems of local importance (propaganda of environmental knowledge: lectures, conversations, posters).

Novelty of the research

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it has been identified and substantiated pedagogical conditions, necessary and sufficient to improve environmental education of schoolchildren on the basis of school and extracurricular activities; An experimental project program for schoolchildren has been developed.

The creation and implementation of this project is the formation of environmental culture, environmental knowledge and environmental thinking among schoolchildren. The project is implemented through tasks that are given an environmental focus. The tasks reveal not only the connections of organisms with their habitat, but also the value-based normative and practical activity aspects of a person’s relationship to his native and social natural environment. As a result of this, students are more often involved in independent search, learn to predict the consequences of behavior and activities in the environment, master practical skills, and participate in creative activity. We are preparing competitions for drawings, posters, photographs, miniature essays about your favorite corner of nature, and informational design works.

Project Implementation Plan

Expected results

We believe that diversity different shapes Carrying out extracurricular activities contributes to the formation of a holistic understanding of nature, place and the role of man, the value properties of natural and social objects, and the environmental responsibility of schoolchildren, thereby realizing the main tasks of environmental education for schoolchildren.

Involvement in environmental activities.

Demonstration of activity, initiative, and creativity in organizing and conducting environmental events.

Mastery of various forms and methods of searching for knowledge, practical skills, including research.

Enriching knowledge about the natural resources of the native land.

Manifestation of ecological culture, expressed in the translation of knowledge into norms of action.

Raising awareness;

The need to express your interest in creative works;

Compliance with environmental rules has become a habit; the child controls his actions, correlating them with the environment and possible consequences for certain environmental objects;

The need to care for certain representatives of the animal and plant world is expressed;

The child is able to independently choose the objects of his environmental activities;

Kindness, responsiveness and attention to others (people, nature).

Conclusion

Thus, as a result of the implementation of the project “Environmental Education of Schoolchildren”, it will prove that the activities we have carried out facilitate the assimilation and consolidation of knowledge about nature and increase the motivation of learning, forming a positive attitude towards nature.

Bibliography

https://elhow.ru/ucheba/chto-izuchaet-ekologija

http://v-2017.com/2017-god-ekologii-v-rossii/

https://infourok.ru/ekologicheskoe -vospitanie -shkolnikov -proekt -980249.html

http://pandia.ru/text/78/472/24700.php

https://infourok.ru/formi -i -metodi -ekologicheskogo -vospitaniya -mladshih -shkolnikov -kak -odno -iz -prioritetnih -napravleniy -v -usloviyah -fgos -526864.html

Information sheet.

1. Topic of the presented work.

“Organization of research work for elementary school students. Project "Green World".

Justification of the relevance of the problem.

Currently, environmental education in primary schools is becoming an increasingly priority area in pedagogical theory and practice. This is due to the difficult environmental situation on earth.

Pictures of nature are the strongest aesthetic means of influencing a child’s soul, and its importance cannot be overestimated.

Fostering an ecological culture is one of the main directions of the overall education strategy.

The leading role must be played creative methods training. In the arsenal of innovative pedagogical tools and methods, research creative activity occupies a special place. Having studied the materials on this topic, I came to the conclusion that the methodology is aimed more at high school students whose subject interests have already been formed. And the elementary school still remained a little on the sidelines, but it is in the elementary school that the foundation of the skills, knowledge and skills of active, creative, independent activity of students, methods of analysis, synthesis and evaluation of the results of their activities should be laid, and research work is one of the most important ways in solving this problem.

The specificity of research work in primary school lies in the systematic guiding, stimulating and corrective role of the teacher. The main thing for a teacher is to captivate and “infect” children, show them the significance of their activities and instill confidence in their abilities, as well as attract parents to participate in their child’s school affairs. This work becomes an interesting and exciting activity for many parents. They, together with the children, take photographs, carry out simple research on observing the growing of plants, weather phenomena, help select information for the theoretical substantiation of projects, and help the child prepare a defense of his work. The work turns out to be very interesting, because it is a common interest and joint work of the child and parents.

Research activities forces and teaches children to work with a book, newspaper, magazine, which is very important in our time, because from my own experience and based on the opinions of colleagues, I know that children, at best, read only textbooks. The child, feeling his importance, tries to help the teacher and gets involved in research work.

Theoretical basis of experience.

Target: through the development of environmental literacy, teach children an environmentally appropriate lifestyle, promote the accumulation of environmental knowledge, their acquisition of skills and abilities to communicate with nature, and the expansion of individual ecological space.

Tasks:

Educational:

formation of knowledge about the unity of living and inanimate nature, the patterns of natural phenomena, the interaction of nature, society and humans;

formation of research skills.

Educational:

development of environmental literacy of students;

development of basic thinking processes (analysis, synthesis, comparison);

development of creative imagination and cognitive abilities of children;

developing the ability to establish cause-and-effect, probabilistic relationships, and analyze the consequences of environmental situations.

Educational:

formation of a high level of environmental culture among students;

cultivate personal responsibility for one’s own actions and for what is happening around them;

formation of a culture of behavior in nature;

foster respect for the environment;

instill a love for nature and a desire to take care of it;

to cultivate the need to rationally treat the components of living and inanimate nature.

Project implementation blocks:

Informative: lessons, quizzes, competitions, etc. (perspective plan, work program).

Practical: planting seeds, caring for plants (photo, presentation) Appendix 1. Appendix 2.

Consulting: working with parents (topics of conversation).

Analytical: analysis of the results obtained, correction of work (diagnostics, analytical reports).

Technological diagram of the project.

Informative (during a year):

Long-term plan for the 2016-2017 academic year.

Consulting ( 1 time per quarter):

introducing parents to the project.

diagnostic results, work prospects;

first results, first successes;

summing up the project, practical lesson “I was born a gardener.”

Analytical (as the project progresses):

Y. Productivity. Diagnostic results confirming the effectiveness of the innovation.

Attitude to work.

Strong-willed quality

Attitude towards yourself

Yiii.Project implementation stages.

Planned results.

Pupils should know:

Fundamentals of ecological culture.

Some features of the nature of your region.

The main signs of the seasons.

The meaning of nature for humans.

Groups of plants and animals.

Some protected plants and animals of their region, country.

Rules of behavior in nature.

Features of the work of people in the most common professions .

Pupils must be able to:

Distinguish between natural objects and non-natural objects.

Follow the rules of personal hygiene.

Distinguish between studied plants and animals.

Conduct observations in nature under the guidance of the circle leader.

Feed birds in simple feeders.

Take care of indoor plants and pets.

Conduct search and research activities under the guidance of the circle leader.

Practical(photo)

Use of ICT(information and communication technologies) during the implementation of the project.

XIY. Informational resources:

For the teacher:

Britvina L. Yu. Method of creative projects in technology lessons // Primary school. No. 6. – 2005.-P.44.

M.V. Dubova Organization of project activities junior schoolchildren.Practical guide for primary school teachers. - M. BALLAS, 2008

Magazine "Primary School Head Teacher" 2005-2010

Mikhailova G.N. Method of project-based learning in labor lessons.// Elementary school. No. 4.- 2005.-C 68.

Novolodskaya E. G., Yakovleva S. N. Implementation of creative projects in the study of natural history // Primary school of student learning motivation // Primary school. No. 9.- 2008 – P.34.. No. 1. -2008.-S. 94.

Savenkov A.I. Methods of research teaching for junior schoolchildren. Publishing house "Educational Literature", house "Fedorov", 2008.

Savenkov A.I. I am a researcher. Workbook for primary schoolchildren. Publishing house "Fedorov". 2008

Tsyvareva M. A. Project method in extracurricular activities in mathematics//Elementary school. No. 7.- 2004. – P. 45.

Shlikene T. N. Project method as one of the conditions for increasing

For pupils:

Bruce Jim, Angela Wilks, Claire Llewelyn “100 questions and answers” ​​Animals.-M.: JSC “Rosman”, 2006.

Great encyclopedia of the animal world. M.: ZAO “ROSMAN-PRESS”, 2007.

Everything about everything. Insects and spiders. – M.: Astrel Publishing House LLC: AST Publishing House LLC, 2001.

I explore the world: Children's encyclopedia: Plants./Compiled by L.A. Bagrova-M.: Tko “AST”, 2005.

I explore the world: Children's encyclopedia: Animals. / Compiled by P.R. Lyakhov - M.: Tko “AST”, 2009

http://www.ped-sovet.ru/

http://www.school.edu.ru/

http://www.nature-home.ru/

http://www.delaysam.ru

The project “Purity of Nature Begins with Me” was developed on the basis of the Environmental Education Program in Private Educational Institutions of JSC Russian Railways. As a result of environmental work on this Project, the Program was drawn up: “The purity of nature begins with me” and the work of the school environmental association “Rodnik” was organized with students in grades 5–11.

Relevance of the project.

Man is an element of an ecological system called the biosphere. All life resources - air, food, water and a significant part of energy and construction resources– it receives from the biosphere. People dump waste – household and industrial – into the ecological system. For a long time This type of human activity did not disturb the balance of the biosphere. However, in the last two centuries, expanding industrial activity, humanity has actively invaded the living world of the Earth.

Humans impact the biosphere locally - in hundreds of millions of places, pollutants are released into rivers and air, fertile soil is removed, forests are cut down, and the habitats of plants and animals are destroyed. However, the biosphere is one system, covered by the cycles of substances, and millions of local impacts that are not dangerous at first glance, such as, for example, the use of freon sprays, chemical detergents, burning of waste in production and everyday life, merging and reinforcing each other, causes global changes in all components of the biosphere. Rivers flow into the seas and oceans and introduce pollution released by industry and agriculture along the entire path of the watercourses. Deforestation and soil degradation lead to climate change, loss of soil fertility and destruction natural ecosystems all over the planet. Pollution released into the air at one point immediately spreads over thousands of kilometers.

We know how quickly atmospheric transfers occur personal experience. In our region in Bratsk, there are enterprises “Bratsk Timber Processing Complex” - BLPC, “Bratsk Aluminum Plant” - BRAZ, which periodically emit waste into the atmosphere. Emissions, easily covering tens of kilometers of treeless areas within an hour, fall into a toxic haze into the “bowl” of our small town of Vikhorevka. For a day, or even more, in calm weather, depriving residents of breathing freely.

The situation is aggravated by the barbaric attitude of residents towards the nature of their area: in pursuit of a better life and saving money, people violate the laws of the Russian Federation and city regulations. It is scary that the younger generation becomes a witness and sometimes an accomplice to these actions. Illegal deforestation in adjacent forest areas, spontaneous landfills in forest, country and even urban areas near organized waste sites. The burning of solid waste (solid household waste) in barrels, littered streets, recreation areas on rivers and the Bratsk reservoir indicate the indifference and low level of environmental education of some residents.

The deteriorating environmental situation causes great concern and concern for all of humanity and for us in particular. An educational institution can play a big role in improving the environmental situation, whose students can actively participate in environmental activities, studying the state of the environment, organizing environmental monitoring. Increasing the environmental awareness and literacy of residents and the entire population is one of the ways out of the current environmental crisis.
School environmental education and training has the potential for targeted, coordinated and systematic transfer of knowledge.

Teaching children to understand and love nature means raising them to be moral people, for whom labor and production activities will be associated with responsibility for its environmental consequences. The formation of environmental consciousness and a caring attitude towards all living things is one of the most pressing tasks of modern education, and our project proposes to solve it by involving children and adolescents in practical environmental activities.

The project is aimed at the child understanding himself as a particle of the surrounding world, awareness of civic responsibility for his actions, understanding the value of human life as the greatest gift of nature. The project is focused on making a person want to make their home, plot, yard, street, city clean, well-groomed and, if possible, environmentally friendly, so that the person is convinced that he and his family deserve a clean, beautiful and healthy life.

Thus the project « The purity of nature begins with me » relevant for our time and our city.

Lately there has been problem: how to make environmental work, including research work, more interesting and attractive for a modern teenager. Therefore, it becomes relevant to use modern equipment And computer technology in this direction.

Today in schools there is no teaching of a separate subject - ecology; the knowledge system is formed in biology, chemistry, physics and geography lessons and in extracurricular activities. The lack of modern training equipment for environmental field workshops does not allow for on-site monitoring. Our association "Rodnik" does not have a color copier - printer, digital camera - video camera and a comprehensive environmental laboratory for field work. All this creates difficulties in field work on ecology.

It is important to develop not only knowledge, but also environmental and practical skills in the modern generation. Recently, the profession of “ecologist” has become increasingly popular and necessary in modern society.

Objective of the project: Environmental education and the formation of an ecological culture of behavior of students based on labor, spiritual and moral development of the individual through joint activities students, teachers and city residents.

Project objectives:

• To form an active civic position among the younger generation.
• Promote moral, environmental, aesthetic and labor education.
• Study of the environmental situation in the world in the country and our city.
• Coordination of children's practical activities to study and assess the state of the environment using the example of our city and nearby surroundings.
• Fostering a sense of personal responsibility for the state of the environment.
• Development of initiative and creativity in students through the organization of socially significant activities.
• To disseminate environmental knowledge not only among boarding school students, but also among the local population, using different kinds activities and forms of work.
• Growing seedlings and landscaping school grounds.
• Identify gifted children prone to research work and provide them with opportunities to realize their abilities.

Project participants:

• Students, parents, teaching staff and school administration;
• Employees of the school and JSC Russian Railways;
• Employees of the House of Culture
• Employees of the Bratsk Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring;
• Employees of the Ecological and Biological Center of Bratsk
• Employees of the Vikhorevka water intake;
• Employees of wastewater treatment plants in Vikhorevka and Bratsk
• Forestry workers of the city and region;
• Employees of the Bratsk Timber Processing Complex BLPK, Bratsk Aluminum Plant - BrAZ OJSC RUSAL BRATSK
• Fisherman's House staff;
• Residents of the city of Vikhorevka and Bratsk district.

Project implementation mechanism.

• Gathering information on the topic of the project.
• Search for partners for joint project implementation.
• Development of directions for an activity plan with institutions and organizations of the city, involving them in work on environmental education.
• Search for addresses of positive experiences on the topic of project activities.
• Development of a project management model.
• Preparation of methodological material for consultations and events within the project.
• Program development.
• Conducting research in accordance with the program.
• General work (The project is implemented through planned activities on topics.)
• Conducting environmental landings on the territory of a school, city and spring.
• Conducting master classes on indoor and decorative floriculture.
• Growing seedlings, landscaping the school grounds.
• Preparing students to participate in the Baikal International School and All-Russian Olympiads on ecology.
• Preparation of analytical material based on the results of the research work carried out.
• Presentation of final results

Project implementation conditions

To implement this project, the following conditions exist:

• School-wide educational work planBoarding school No. 25
• The program of environmental education and upbringing of students “The purity of nature begins with me” has been developed and is being implemented;
• A work program for the elective course was developed and implemented: “Fundamentals of Ecological Culture”, grade 10, based on the author’s program “Fundamentals of Ecological Culture” for grades 10-11 L.N. Kharchenko, Bustard 2012
• Regulations on the “Ecological squad” dated September 15, 2014, JSC Russian Railways
• The work of the environmental association "Rodnik"
• Research work of 11th grade students, winners of the IV Summer Interregional round of the conference All-Russian competition youth research works named after. IN AND. Vernadsky: “By increasing the level of environmental culture, we are solving the problem of solid household waste in the city of Vikhorevka.”

Performance tracking mechanism carried out:

By comparing the activity of students throughout the year. Knowledge testing is carried out in the form of games, quizzes, competitions;

• through observations;
• by survey;
• interest in search work;
• activity in the activities of the environmental team “Spring”;
• demand for consultations and elective courses in ecology and biology.

Principles of organizing environmental education and training:

• The principle of environmental integrity, which forms in students an understanding of the unity of the surrounding world.
• The principle of interdisciplinary connections, revealing the unity and interconnection of the surrounding world.
• The principle of continuity, which makes it possible to use each age period.
• The principle of interrelation between regional and global approaches, promoting the involvement of students in practical activities.
• The principle of direction that promotes development harmonious relations with the environment.

The project is being implemented in the main areas:

• Organization of activities of the school environmental association "Rodnik"
• Research work in the following areas:
  • Climate and people
  • Chemistry and environment
  • Field ecology
  • Forest monitoring
  • Environment and people
  • Integrated monitoring of natural and anthropogenic systems
• Environmental education activities:
  • Conducting environmental lessons, classroom hours, school events (exhibitions, competitions).
  • Organization and conduct of city events
  • Creation of: information boards, newspapers, booklets
  • Development and implementation of school environmental projects.
• Ecological and practical activities:
  • Greening the school and city grounds
  • Ecological landing
  • Environmental monitoring
  • Excursions to enterprises
  • Caring for birds.
• Organization of work to promote a healthy lifestyle
  • School tourist rally
  • Themed classroom hours.

The project is implemented through various forms of activity:

• Conversations and observations.
• Quiz with ecological and biological content.
• Competitions of drawings, posters, presentations, booklets.
• Competitions of poems, essays, stories, fairy tales on an environmental theme.
• Exhibitions of crafts made from waste materials, feeders, gifts of autumn.
• Thematic days: Earth Day (April 22), Environment Day (June 5), World Animal Day (October 4), World Water Day (March 22), Bird Day (April 1), etc.
• Production of environmental leaflets, newspapers, booklets.
• Acquaintance with video materials about the life of plants and animals.
• Ecological tournaments, KVN, brain rings, intellectual games of ecological and biological content.
• Visit to the ecological and hydrometeorological centers of the city. Bratsk.
• Ecological hikes to study flora, fauna, natural features edge, the ecological state of reservoirs, their banks, coastal vegetation.
• Operation "Spring"
  • Studying the environmental situation in the city and searching for ways to improve the environmental situation.
  • Excursions to enterprises in Bratsk and Vikhorevka to study the impact of human activity on nature.
  • Cooperation on issues of city improvement with the city administration.
  • Landscaping and beautification of the school and the city.

Social partners:

To implement the project and successfully implement the project of boarding school No. 25, Vikhorevka will continue to work closely with the following organizations:

• Fraternal Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring;
• Children's Environmental Center in Bratsk;
• With the Baikal International School in Tankhoy;
• Administration of the Vikhorevsky urban settlement;
• General education schools;
• Industrial enterprises BLPK, BrAZ OJSC RUSAL BRATSK, Bratsk.
• With housing and communal services organizations in Vikhorevka: wastewater treatment plants, water intake;
• City radio center;
• Media and school website;
• Educational institutions: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Brotherly State University" (Project Factory)

Information support includes:

• library resources,
• Internet resources,
• information resources of the environmental center, Bratsk Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring
• excursions to enterprises
• meetings with employees of enterprises, housing and communal services, and city residents.

Technical equipment:

• Cabinet
• Black and white printer - copier
• Computer
• TV plasma
  Internet connection.

Project implementation timeline: 2016-2017

Results of the project:

As a result of the implementation of the “Cleanliness Starts with Me” project, a comprehensive targeted program for environmental education of the younger generation was created, which will allow:

• Maintain the environmental direction as one of the directions in educational work schools and improve the level of environmental culture of students, school staff and residents of our city.
• To solve problems public policy in the field of environmental education of youth.
• Raise the level of environmental culture.
• Develop creative and organizational skills.
• To increase students’ interest in studying ecology, region, city, country, through a system of creative, practical participation in planned environmental activities, promotions:
  • Improvement of a forest spring
  • Growing seedlings
  • Landscaping of school grounds, etc.
• To develop a consciousness of personal responsibility and active citizenship in the protection and preservation of the natural environment.
• To increase the efficiency of the environmental team “Rodnik” through the use of innovative forms and practical methods to solve educational problems.
• Increase the cognitive activity of students by introducing educational process scientific research and practical activities.
• To ensure increased motivation to study not only ecology, but also natural science subjects.
• To form the social experience of the student, which will allow him to apply the acquired knowledge in non-standard and new situations.

Literature.

• Bianki V.V. Forest newspaper. L.: Children's literature, 1983.
• Red Book of the Irkutsk region. Irkutsk: “Time of Wandering”, 2010 - 453s
• Kriksunov E.A., Pasechnik V.V. Ecology. 10(11) grade: Educational. for general education Educational institutions. M.: Bustard, 2001
• Litvinova L.S., Zhirenko O.E. Moral and environmental education of schoolchildren in grades 5-11. Moscow: “5 for knowledge”, 2007. - 204 p.
• Scientific and methodological journal " Classroom teacher" No. 3.-Moscow 2008
• Guide to determining water quality indicators using the field method. Muravyov A.G. St. Petersburg 2004
• Photo guide. Rare plant species of the Southern Baikal region. Ulan-Ude, 2011 -72p.
• Ecological workshop. Muravyov A.G. St. Petersburg 2003
• Ecological Dictionary. Litvinov N.I. Irkutsk State Agricultural Academy 2003
• Funds of the Ecological and Hydrometeorological Center of Bratsk.
• Internet resources containing:
  • Decrees: President Russian Federation“On the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and ensuring sustainable development” (1996), “On the concept of the transition of the Russian Federation to sustainable development” (1996);
  • Environmental Doctrine of the Russian Federation (2002);
  • Federal law“On environmental protection” (10.01.2002);
  • Strategies national security Russian Federation (2009);
  • Concepts of general environmental education for sustainable development (2010);
  • Educational portal(edu.wladimir.ru) in the public domain for wide discussion.

Currently, the word “ecology” is heard quite often. This important and complex science attracts not only eminent scientists, but also novice researchers. In order to do good project on the topic “Environmental Ecology”, the child must master research skills.

Relevance of research

After introduction educational standards second generation in kindergartens and schools mandatory element each curriculum became the participation of children in project and research work. Involving the younger generation in such activities contributes to the formation of an active citizenship position. on the topic “Ecology of my city” can be the beginning of great creative work aimed at improving the quality of life in your hometown.



How to decide on a topic

The most difficult stage for children is choosing material for conducting their own experiments and experiments.

That's why the topics research projects in ecology is often suggested by a teacher-mentor. Because this science connects several areas at once; in the works considered by children, knowledge of mathematics, physics, economics, chemistry, biology, and social studies is used.



Elements of work

Any project on the topic “Ecological problems of my city” involves setting goals, research objectives, hypotheses, and choosing a methodology. To appreciate the novelty created material, a hypothesis (assumption) of work is put forward.

For example, a project on the topic “Ecology and Economics” involves the selection of effective means of improving the environmental situation. It's hard to imagine quality material this problem does not involve any mathematical calculations, so this topic is suitable for high school students.

A project on the topic “Urban Ecology” is available to elementary school students. It can be presented in the form of a beautiful presentation using ICT.

The topics of environmental projects chosen by schoolchildren should be of interest to the researchers themselves. Otherwise, it will be difficult to talk about an effective and high-quality experiment.

Examples

Let's consider the topics of environmental projects that can be used in their scientific research modern schoolchildren:

1. "Man and the Environment".
2. "The Impact of Carbon Dioxide on Human Health."
3. "An effective remedy for the prevention of colds."
4. “How much money does the state lose due to poor ecology?”
5. "Negative Impact loud music on the psyche of teenagers."



The topics of environmental projects may be different; above is only a small list of them. Before starting his own experiment, the young scientist, together with his mentor, formulates tasks and thinks through a work plan.

Depending on the topic of the environmental project, a specific methodology for conducting experiments and experiments is selected. In addition to carrying out the work itself, it is important to pay attention to the presentation of its results.

Some environmental project topics involve the creation of documentary videos and computer presentations, so the author will be required to have knowledge of modern digital equipment.



Human health

Interesting project on the topic “Ecology and Man” can be done on the basis of an anonymous sociological survey. For example, if you use a simple technique, you can determine the level of oral hygiene in schoolchildren. We offer a project on the topic “Ecology and People”, which can be completed by a high school student.

"Teeth are very important for normal human life and activity. With their help, mechanical restoration food. This gives a person the opportunity to use food products of different density. If food enters the stomach that has not undergone normal grinding, this will lead to serious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Humanity has learned to take care of its physical health and remain functional until old age. Thanks to maintaining a healthy lifestyle and the good development of medicine, people have become much more resilient and active.

A natural factor that helps resist dental caries is enamel. Nature has taken care to protect humans from various “aggressors” and ensure the resistance of dental tissues to negative effects. chemical compounds organic and inorganic origin. But do we take good care of our “snow-white diamonds”?

Purpose and objectives of the work

The goal is to assess the quality of tooth brushing in schoolchildren of different ages.

• analyze the methodology for determining the hygiene index;
• consider the main functions of different toothpastes;
• determine the hygiene index for schoolchildren of different ages;
• analyze the results obtained;
• draw conclusions based on the results of the study, give some recommendations

Experiment hypothesis: the hygiene index is determined by the age of schoolchildren.

Theoretical part

An individual project on the topic “Ecology and Man” characterizes the characteristics of tooth enamel. It is a solid mineral substance in which minor organic compounds are allowed. Tooth enamel has high mechanical strength. This material is resistant to organic acids. Low solubility explains the insignificant level of exchange interactions. Such properties give the enamel the ability to withstand significant temperature changes. Metabolic processes in enamel are explained by chemical and physical laws.

Tooth enamel crystals have a special organic network that cements them. Due to this special structure of the intercrystalline substance, the characteristics of the crystal itself, osmotic and diffusion processes actively occur in the enamel.

Approximately one percent of its composition is water. It, together with mineral and organic substances forms lymph. With its systematic circulation, the permeability of the enamel is ensured, and it becomes possible for organic and mineral salts to get inside.

Risk factors

With age, there is a decrease in metabolic processes and the permeability of tooth enamel. This is why the risk of caries increases significantly. Solid foods and thorough chewing strengthen the enamel, increasing its strength and acid resistance.

In order to prevent serious troubles, it is important to strengthen tooth enamel and increase its resistance. Among effective measures prevention, which allow us to solve this problem, we note the use vitamin complex, use of calcium salts. For example, the consumption of calcium carbonate and bicarbonate promotes the formation of a protective shell.

Also, substances containing fluorine and other microelements are used as prophylactic agents.

Fluorine forms a strong connection with tooth enamel, which significantly reduces its solubility and gives it strength against carbohydrates and various bacteria. Of course, before starting prevention, you need to consult a dentist.

Toothpastes are hygienic, do not erase hard dental tissues, and do not become infected during storage. Pastes clean teeth well. They remove plaque and prevent the formation of tartar.

Proper care taking care of your teeth, which is complemented by a healthy, balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle, will definitely bring positive results. Such behavior - great option caries prevention. It should be noted that currently the production of tooth powders and pastes has increased significantly in the world.

The main dental diseases are dental caries and periodontal disease. The word “caries” should be understood as a significant softening and disruption of the hardness of dental tissue, the appearance of a cavity.

Experts note the destruction of the enamel layer under the influence of aggressive substances as the main causes of caries.

The development of this dental disease is the result of several factors: the action of microorganisms, nutritional disorders, and instability of tooth enamel. Microorganisms that accumulate on the surface, in the process of hydrolysis of carbohydrates, form acid that destroys teeth.



Prevention

The caries prevention program involves certain actions:

• limiting sugar intake, especially between meals;
• quality care for the oral cavity, thanks to which plaque is promptly removed;
• additional enrichment of the body with fluoride preparations when its content in the body is insufficient drinking water and food products.

Tooth enamel is a collection of inorganic compounds. From a chemical point of view, it can be considered as a representative of the apatite group. Among a hundred different natural compounds of apatite, fluorapatite is closer to tooth enamel. This is why it is so important that the body does not lack fluoride.

Fluorapatite is formed in tooth enamel only when fluoride preparations are in optimal quantity enter the body. This ensures that teeth are resistant to caries. The first sign of the disease is the appearance of a chalky white or macular spot on the surface of a healthy tooth. It appears as a result of the gradual dissolution of tooth enamel. At this stage of the carious process painful sensations completely absent or slightly expressed: slight sensitivity to sweet, sour or temperature stimuli (cold or hot) may occur.

The sensitivity is so insignificant that, as a rule, it is not paid attention to. Proper oral hygiene is an integral part of all preventive measures aimed at reducing dental and periodontal diseases.

Features of the funds

Currently, manufacturers offer a whole range of different toothpastes. Their main components are abrasive (cleansing), gelling, and foam-forming substances that significantly improve its taste. Abrasive substances allow you to polish and clean teeth from plaque.

Laboratory studies have found that abrasive substances interact chemically with inorganic substances tooth enamel. That is why, in addition to chalk, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and aluminum oxide are added to toothpastes.

Manufacturers often try to use several components at once, which significantly improves the quality of the finished product.

Any abrasive compound has a certain degree of hardness, as well as certain Chemical properties. The mechanical strength, as well as resistance to the chemical components of the finished product, directly depends on them.

Foaming agents are often used in toothpastes. For example, these could be surface-active compounds. Like other chemical components, they can negatively affect the oral mucosa. The compounds used should not affect the taste parameters of the paste; appearance, mechanical characteristics.

conclusions

After the experiment, the following conclusions were made:

1. A poor hygiene index indicates that children do not take sufficient care of their teeth.
2. The hypothesis posed at the beginning of the work was not confirmed. During the experiment, it was possible to find out that there is no direct relationship between oral hygiene and age.
3. Also, the quality of teeth cleaning can be affected by schoolchildren’s lack of knowledge about the correct methods of brushing teeth.



In order to avoid troubles with teeth, we suggest:

• conduct special conversations for students about the importance of caring for their teeth and how to do it correctly;
• To care for the oral cavity, you must use those toothpastes that the dentist recommends, based on the individual characteristics of the patient, and not the advertised products.

The material presented above can be used as a biology project on the topic “Ecology and Man” when completing a practical task for the Olympiad.