Environmental policy of the enterprise

Environmental policy any modern state is created and formed in order to preserve nature. It is not surprising that the threat of a global catastrophe has arisen over humanity, which can only be solved through the development and implementation of competent management decisions.

Environmental policy goals

The state policy of the Russian Federation has important not only for our country, but also for the benefit of all humanity as a whole. That is why any concept for this industry aims to solve the following problems:

• Preservation of natural resources and ecological systems of the country, circulation special attention for life support rare species animals and plant varieties. Also included in the scope of environmental regulation is the function of life support for sustainable development. modern society.
• Russia's environmental policy is aimed not only at preserving and ensuring an optimal life for animals, but is also aimed at improving the quality of life of the population.
• Reforms in this area concern both society as a whole and the individual. Thus, while solving environmental problems, the state is trying to direct all its efforts to improve the health of the people, as well as the demographic situation in each region.
• One of the most extensive and long-term tasks is to ensure the natural security of the country, protecting the population from various types of risks, both natural and man-made.

Any goal that the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is tasked with is necessarily indicated in the Environmental Doctrine of the Russian Federation.

Regulatory and legal framework for program development

The fundamentals of environmental policy are based on the needs of modern society. However, their normative consolidation makes it possible to clearly define the goals and objectives necessary for implementation. When forming and developing a particular provision, the socio-demographic situation of the state must be taken into account.

Most environmental reforms are enshrined in the following regulations:

• The concept of the transition of the Russian Federation to sustainable development, which involves the proclamation of the fundamental principles and principles necessary for successful protection and protection environment.
• National Environmental Action Plan.
• Russian State Strategy for Environmental Protection.
• Other laws and regulations.

Main directions of state environmental policy

The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has identified the following development directions for the state:

• Scientific problem solving. In the concept of environmental protection, the first provision is the use of new technologies and unique patented developments in production. Thus, it is necessary to gradually organize the constant re-equipment of enterprises and institutions that are harmful to the environment. This situation shows the need to reduce the number harmful emissions, as well as reducing pollutants.
• The second object of reform is effective cleansing drinking water Russia, suitable for human consumption. The solution to the problem is achieved by using groundwater, as well as by searching for new clean reservoirs and organizing thorough purification of already used sources.
• Regional environmental policy of state subjects is aimed at better cleaning municipal wastewater.
• Involvement of enterprise waste in the maximum quantity into production circulation.
• Directing the main forces of the state to clean up the lands of those areas where the risk of airborne pollution is significantly high due to industrial enterprises.
• The environmental safety policy is aimed at ensuring maximum environmental safety when transporting petroleum products and other substances that adversely affect nature.
• Preservation natural areas with unique flora and fauna. Preventing the extinction of rare species of animals and plants. Help in saving species, as well as creating conditions for their further reproduction.
• Regularly conducting statistical research in order to obtain information necessary for the successful implementation of policies in the field of environmental management and environmental protection.
• Organization of environmental education, places of education and culture for citizens. Formation of environmental consciousness in each individual and society as a whole.

The list of tasks set for the state and society is not limited to these points, since there is an incredible number of problems in the field of environmental protection. It is also important to take into account that the environmental policy of the Russian Federation is being developed in direct connection with the policies of world organizations and commonwealths of states.

Clearly defined policy objectives

Today, the Ministry of Ecology is developing many regulations aimed at implementing a program called “Environmental Protection and Hygiene”.

The goal of the new project is to implement a number of environmental measures in the near future: improving the environmental situation, increasing natural safety, as well as constant monitoring of the sanitary and technical condition of both the environment and the public. Therefore on at this stage development, the following tasks are considered:

The result of the implementation of environmental protection policy

The Ministry of Environment in the program for the conservation of natural resources defines not only goals and objectives, but also outlines the overall achievable results. As a result of the implementation of the policy enshrined in the concept environmental protection, the following tasks must be completed:

• Increasing the environmental safety of areas associated with the extraction, transportation, processing of harmful and hazardous materials. These include working with oil, chemical products, nuclear processes, and so on.
• Definition of clear system settings By quick elimination emergency situations, strengthening measures to eliminate disaster products, preventing the occurrence emergency situations associated with high environmental hazards.

What results have we achieved?

Do not think that environmental safety policies exist only on paper. Like any other legal act, the concept of environmental safety development is intended to be implemented in practical activities. The document is the basis for creating a reliably functioning system for the protection of environmental and natural environment. Since the concept is valid for last decade, the following results were achieved:

• The state network of observation stations conducted a number of studies, according to which samples were taken sea ​​water and bottom sediments. The data obtained is studied by leading specialists of the research institute to remove the drug that purifies water molecules.
• Across the country, environmentalists are conducting large-scale studies to identify petroleum products, the quantity of which must be quickly reduced. It is important to pay attention to percentage heavy metals V fertile layer soil
• Immediate environmental problems have also been resolved. A number of enterprises carrying high degree dangers to the environment of nearby areas, including populated areas. Other sources of negative impact are eliminated.
• Further projects to improve the policy have been prepared.

Special developments

Thanks to the action of general regulations governing environmental protection, specialized projects are created aimed at eliminating local problems. Thus, the implementation of environmental policy consists in creating legal documents, mandatory; selecting specialists and monitoring their activities, as well as directly eliminating problems; developing directions for solving future problems.

At the local level, all special developments that were created by large-scale scientific institutions states.

Ministry of Natural Resources: briefly about the main thing

Any environmental policy of the Russian Federation is created, developed and ultimately implemented only through the functioning of the main environmental body - the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology. This federal body belonging to the executive branch of government. Ministry of this type authorized to carry out government regulation in the field of conservation and protection of nature, in the field of use of natural environmental resources, as well as ensuring environmental safety.

Government body for Nature Conservation can, both independently and in cooperation with legislative authorities, develop and approve normative legal acts. In addition, the Ministry is capable of exerting significant influence on the approval, amendment and other operations with federal constitutional laws, government acts, presidential decrees, and so on.

Work areas: initial activities

The Ministry of Natural Resources is called upon to carry out its activities in several directions, the first of which is land resources. Now exists a large number of environmental problems associated with subsoil, soils and other land resources. State environmental policy is aimed at conducting thorough geological research. In addition, this area of ​​activity includes the rational use land resources. For example, it is important to monitor the cultivation of crops in one area over several decades; it is important to limit the release of harmful production products onto the soil surface, and so on.

The second direction of the Ministry’s work is the protection of water bodies. This category also includes the rational use of natural resources. The state body is authorized to monitor the optimal and safest construction of reservoirs, as well as water management systems for various purposes. State budget funds are allocated for the construction of protective complexes and hydraulic structures ensuring safety.

Areas of activity: world level

Every modern schoolchild knows that environmental disaster is one of the world's problems. That is why the Ministry of Environmental Protection is called upon to actively participate in the development of global policies to protect planet Earth. This area of ​​activity includes the following items:

• Save vegetable and animal world. Moreover we're talking about not only about endangered species, but also concerns representatives that bring great benefits to the environment. It is also important not to lose sight of the provision optimal conditions development of each variety and any species.
• By creating national parks and nature reserves to protect significant natural areas as much as possible.
• Highlight required amount air purification products and prevent further pollution.
• In the event of a danger occurring on the territory of one of the countries, provide maximum support and provide the necessary assistance.
• Get rid of harmful production waste. Reduce the use of radioactive elements, and also not test new developments due to the possible threat of destruction of the flora and fauna living on the site.
• Gradually improve the economic mechanism for regulating the impact on ecological environment. Introduce new developments in environmental protection into practical activities. Make data publicly available for use by other countries to help address global environmental disasters.

Environmental policy of the enterprise(organization) is a statement by an enterprise of its intentions and principles related to its overall environmental performance, which serves as the basis for action and for the establishment of targets and plans. The environmental policy of the enterprise is determined by its top management. Top management may consist of an individual or a group of individuals who have administrative responsibility for the organization.

Shown in Fig. 3.2 the management system model reflects the basic principles of the enterprise’s environmental policy.

1.Commitments and Policies. The enterprise must define its environmental policy and commit to an environmental management system. In this case, you should start with what brings obvious benefits, for example, by limiting the root causes leading to liability for violation, or by more effective use raw materials and materials.

The environmental policy should reflect senior management's commitment to comply with applicable laws and continuously improve the environmental management system. The policy creates the basis through which an enterprise sets its targets and targets. The policy must be clear enough to be understood by internal and external stakeholders; it should be reviewed and revised periodically to reflect changing conditions and information. The scope of the policy must be clearly identifiable.

2.Planning. The enterprise must develop a plan for implementing its environmental policy. At the same time, elements of environmental management include: identification of environmental aspects and associated environmental impacts; requirements of legislative acts; environmental policy; internal and external criteria for assessing environmental efficiency, etc.

3.Implementation. In order to effectively implement it, an enterprise must create the capabilities and develop the support mechanisms necessary to implement its environmental policy and achieve targets and targets. In order to achieve target indicators, an enterprise must focus its employees, systems, strategy, resources and structure on this, and develop a system of responsibility and reporting.

4.Change and evaluation. An enterprise must measure, monitor and evaluate its environmental performance. One of the main control tools is environmental audit.

5. Analysis and improvement. An enterprise must review and continually improve its environmental management system to improve its overall environmental performance. The management of the enterprise should review the environmental management system at regular intervals to ensure its continued effectiveness and compliance with existing parameters. The analysis should be broad to take into account the environmental impact of all activities, products or services of the organization, including their impact on the financial side of the activity and possible competitiveness.

In terms of actual activities, the environmental management system will implement this process in the form of a cycle shown in Fig. 3.4.

Environmental policy of the enterprise(organization) is a statement by an enterprise of its intentions and principles related to its overall environmental performance, which serves as the basis for action and for the establishment of targets and plans. The environmental policy of the enterprise is determined by its top management. Top management may consist of an individual or a group of individuals who have administrative responsibility for the organization.

Shown in Fig. 3.2 the management system model reflects the basic principles of the enterprise’s environmental policy.

1.Commitments and Policies. The enterprise must define its environmental policy and commit to an environmental management system. The place to start is where there is clear benefit, such as limiting the root causes of liability or making more efficient use of raw materials.

The environmental policy should reflect senior management's commitment to comply with applicable laws and continuously improve the environmental management system. The policy creates the basis through which an enterprise sets its targets and targets. The policy must be clear enough to be understood by internal and external stakeholders; it should be reviewed and revised periodically to reflect changing conditions and information. The scope of the policy must be clearly identifiable.

2.Planning. The enterprise must develop a plan for implementing its environmental policy. At the same time, elements of environmental management include: identification of environmental aspects and associated environmental impacts; requirements of legislative acts; environmental policy; internal and external criteria for assessing environmental efficiency, etc.

3.Implementation. In order to effectively implement it, an enterprise must create the capabilities and develop the support mechanisms necessary to implement its environmental policy and achieve targets and targets. In order to achieve target indicators, an enterprise must focus its employees, systems, strategy, resources and structure on this, and develop a system of responsibility and reporting.

4.Change and evaluation. An enterprise must measure, monitor and evaluate its environmental performance. One of the main control tools is environmental audit.

5. Analysis and improvement. An enterprise must review and continually improve its environmental management system to improve its overall environmental performance. The management of the enterprise should review the environmental management system at regular intervals to ensure its continued effectiveness and compliance with existing parameters. The analysis should be broad to take into account the environmental impact of all activities, products or services of the organization, including their impact on the financial side of the activity and possible competitiveness.

In terms of actual activities, the environmental management system will carry out this process in the form of a cycle shown in Fig. 3.4.

Environmental management should be based on the principles of eco-efficiency and eco-justice. Under eco-efficiency is understood as such an organization of diverse environmental activities, which allows not only to reduce relevant costs and expenses, but also to obtain additional profit. Principles eco-justice are manifested in the understanding of the management of the enterprise moral responsibility for negative impact on the environment and irrational use of natural resources.

In a narrower concept, environmental management is the management of environmental and environmental management activities and includes:

legal and economic mechanisms for environmental protection;

control system;

activities of enterprise specialists (and its management) in the field of environmental protection and rational use natural resources.

At a seminar on environmental management held in September 2000 in the Vladimir region (Gus-Khrustalny), it was proposed to be guided by the following principles of the Business Charter when implementing an environmental management system:

Corporate priorities;

Integrated management systems;

Step by step improvement;

Personnel training;

Preliminary estimate;

Attention to products and services;

Taking into account customer needs;

Attention to processes and sites as a whole;

Research programs;

Foresight in everything;

Working with suppliers and contractors;

Emergency preparedness;

Transfer of advanced technologies;

Contribution to the common cause;

Openness, willingness to discuss;

Performance established requirements and reporting.

Since the environmental management system is part of the overall management mechanism of an organization (enterprise), it must strive to achieve a specific goal using a certain mechanism and performing certain functions. So, purpose environmental management (like any other) is to achieve the desired results, i.e. a certain state of the environment, and it is the state of the environment that is an object management.

Mechanism environmental management is a set of means of influencing both the formation of the environmental situation itself and the possible environmental consequences of human activity. A functions environmental management is a set of various activities that are necessary to manage environmental processes.

So, uh environmental policy– publicly declared principles and obligations related to the environmental aspects of the enterprise’s activities and providing the basis for establishing its environmental goals and objectives, including:

conscious use of the foundations of modern environmental culture and environmental ethics in the practical activities of the enterprise; shared responsibility; contribution to sustainable development;

environmental feasibility;

civilized entrepreneurship;

voluntary expansion of the enterprise’s environmental obligations in relation to all persons and parties interested in the environmental aspects of its activities;

health protection and environmental safety of personnel and the population in the zone of influence of the enterprise; environmental impact assessment;

support for environmental scientific research and environmental education and awareness, including school environmental education; development of voluntary environmental insurance;

achieving economic efficiency of ongoing environmental activities;

improving the quality of products and services through the development of environmental activities;

development more environmentally friendly cleaner production; minimizing negative impact on the environment;

prevention of negative impacts on the environment at the sources of its formation; rational use of resources;

independent assessment of the results of the enterprise’s environmental activities (carrying out systematic environmental auditing);

informing, motivating and involving all personnel in the environmental activities of the enterprise;

mandatory documentation by the enterprise of environmental activities and detailed voluntary reporting on the results of activities (“green reporting” of the enterprise); active cooperation with all persons and parties interested in the environmental aspects of the enterprise’s activities, including the environmental community; cooperation with the media;

compliance with current environmental legislation, environmental standards and regulations; development and use of our own environmental standards and regulations that complement state requirements.

Implementation of an environmental management system at the enterprise

Regardless of the type of production and the nature of the activity, an enterprise (organization) acts as an indirect element that determines a certain connection between itself and its environment, while various types of information are exchanged: energy, material, etc. at all stages economic activity. The enterprise is the main element influencing environmental pollution as a result of human economic activity.

Environmental management at an enterprise is also the art of making effective management decisions in order to improve the environmental activities of the enterprise

Let's consider a diagram of the process of implementing an environmental management system at an enterprise, shown in Fig. 3.5.

Let's say the top management of a certain enterprise decided to introduce an environmental management system. The reasons for such a decision may be the following:

creating conditions for the development of a quality management system;

control of environmental aspects;

compliance with legal requirements;

improvement of environmental performance indicators;

possibility of entering the foreign market, etc.

A prerequisite for creating an environmental management system is preliminary environmental assessment– objective and necessarily independent, based on systems approaches and a documented assessment of the initial situation at the enterprise (at the time of implementation of the environmental management system) with the subsequent development of recommendations for its improvement. It is assumed that the environmental management system is integrated with common system management of the organization.

The purpose of such an assessment is to collect data on the state of the environment necessary for further work and analyze it. In this case, the obtained characteristics are considered “initial” or “zero”, with which the data obtained in subsequent time periods are compared.

This assessment includes examination and analysis of the following elements:

applying and documenting required procedures;

compliance of the enterprise's activities with legislative and regulatory requirements;

the proposed environmental policy of the enterprise;

use of raw and auxiliary materials;

impact on the environment and environmental aspects of activities;

high-risk areas and emergency preparedness;

interaction of the enterprise with stakeholders, etc.

The next stage is the development of environmental policy. In this situation, this is a special document about the intentions and principles of the organization, which should serve as the basis for the organization's actions and the definition of environmental goals and objectives. Environmental policies must be appropriate to the size, nature and environmental impacts created by the company's activities, products and services. The document must be communicated to all employees of the organization and be available to the public.

Taking into account significant environmental impacts, legal and other requirements, the organization must develop environmental goals and objectives. An environmental goal is an overall environmentally significant goal of an organization's activities, established by the environmental policy of this organization, the degree of achievement of which is assessed in cases where this is practically possible. An environmental objective is a detailed requirement regarding the environmental performance of an organization as a whole or its divisions, which follows from the established environmental goal of the organization and must be fulfilled in order to achieve this goal. Moreover, the goal is the expected result of solving problems or taking advantage of currently missed opportunities, and tasks are the stages of eliminating the causes of this particular problem.

Goals and objectives should be as quantitative as possible. They should be based on environmental policy and defined for each function and level of the organization. Their formulation should also take into account the views of “stakeholders” (by which we mean any groups and citizens whose interests are affected by, or concerned about, the environmental aspects of the enterprise’s activities).

To achieve its goals, the organization develops an environmental management program that determines those responsible, means and deadlines for achieving goals and objectives. Programs should be reviewed regularly to reflect changing goals and objectives of the organization.

To implement programs, certain procedures are developed and priorities are determined in the enterprise. The organization shall monitor or measure key parameters of those activities that may have a significant impact on the environment.

The procedures must cover all aspects of the enterprise’s activities, from the moment of receipt of raw materials to the sale of the finished product; all aspects that in one way or another may lead to an impact on the environment. They may concern not only traditional technologies, but also the procedure for informing and training personnel, and relationships with external stakeholders. The general list of specific procedures to be documented is established by the enterprise independently.

Environmental indicators characterize the production process, including main and auxiliary activities. They characterize the functioning of the environmental management system and management’s efforts to improve the system. In addition, they reflect information about local, regional, global environmental conditions or the state of the environment at the current time.

A number of requirements must be met for personnel training, as well as for preparing for emergency situations.

A periodic audit of the environmental management system should be carried out to determine compliance with the criteria of ISO 14001. Such an audit can be either internal or external, and its results are necessarily reported to the company’s management. The procedure for such control will be discussed in subsequent chapters.

The management of the organization should periodically review the operation of the environmental management system from the point of view of its adequacy and effectiveness. Necessary changes to environmental policies, objectives and other elements of the EMS must be considered. This must take into account the audit findings, changing circumstances and the desire for “continuous improvement”. In general, the requirements of the standard are based on the open cycle “plan - implementation - verification - revision of the plan.”

All procedures, their results, monitoring data, etc. must be documented.

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in sections

· Russian Federation

As environmental problems have grown and become ecological crisis, demands for the need to conduct environmental policy began to be heard more and more often, i.e. the need to direct human activities in accordance with nature, with the help and participation of the state and political parties, in order to ensure the preservation of ecological balance in nature.

Currently, environmental problems have become global. This is due to the fact that when planning and implementing the material progress of society, the ecological foundations of human life and the lives of other creatures were not taken into account. Therefore, at present, almost all countries, especially those that are economically developed, are trying to formulate their environmental policies, regulate the planned use of natural resources and provide financial resources for their restoration.

The main role in ensuring environmental policy is played by the state, but in modern society the state is not the only subject of environmental policy, but only one of them, along with political parties, scientific and professional organizations, economic entities, social movements etc.

Still, environmental policy is important integral part policies of any state, and its implementation or non-implementation affects the attitude of citizens towards government authorities.

Environmental policy is a new and young phenomenon, and therefore there is currently no generally accepted definition of it. Nevertheless, based on the definition of policy in general and based on the generally accepted goal of environmental policy, the following definition of environmental policy can be proposed:

Ecopolitics is a system of political, economic, legal, educational and other measures taken to manage the environmental situation and ensure the rational use of natural resources in the country.

Within the framework of environmental policy, several levels can be distinguished:

International, state (national), regional, local.

In modern socio-economic conditions, much attention is paid to the problem

formation and implementation of environmental policy at the level of individual economic entities, especially industrial enterprises, which make the main contribution to environmental pollution. In this case, we should talk about environmental policy as “a set of intentions and principles regarding environmental indicators”, which is not only officially proclaimed, but also creates the basis for the further development of environmental goals and objectives.

Environmental policy is an important component of the policy of any state. The elements of environmental policy are: principles, priorities, goals, subjects, implementation mechanisms (tools).

Political principles in a rule-of-law state mean the principles of democracy, openness, voluntariness, activity and negotiation. Socio-economic principles: compliance economic development and environmental opportunities, the use of scientific and technical progress to solve environmental problems, regulate consumption, plan natural population growth. In states with different socio-political systems, these principles may vary. For example, totalitarian states are characterized by such political principles as undemocraticism, secrecy, coercion, passivity, and confrontation. Socio-economic principles in totalitarian states are based on the idea of ​​unlimited natural resources, ignoring the ecological capabilities of the environment, and the priority of state interests over personal interests; Population growth is generally not controlled.

In the field of environmental protection and environmental protection, more than in any other field, the influence of principles agreed upon at the international level is strong 1. This was driven by the decisions of the 2nd UN World Conference on Environment and Development (Rio, 1992), confirmed and expanded at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, 2002). These principles include such as “the polluter pays”, requirements for sustainable development, precaution, the use of technology, the best available, etc. These principles are included in the environmental and natural resource legislation of most countries. This made it possible to harmonize national environmental policy mechanisms.

The goal of environmental policy in modern

conditions is to create conditions for the harmonious, balanced development of nature, society and the economy.

The implementation of the principles of environmental policy is carried out using certain methods (mechanisms). There are different approaches to determining environmental policy methods. The following methods are distinguished in social ecology:

1 Environmental management / N.V. Pakhomova, A. Endres, K. Richter. St. Petersburg, 2003. P. 191.

When forming mechanisms

environmental management is important to find optimal combination administrative, legal and economic levers and methods. The predominance of one or the other leads to adverse consequences for both the environment and society.

The process of formation and implementation of environmental policy occurs with the participation of natural resource users themselves or subjects of environmental policy. Subjects of environmental policy include:

Recently, it has also been practiced to distinguish three sectors in socio-ecological relations - state, business, public. It should be emphasized that the effectiveness of environmental policy depends on how well the interaction of all participants in the process of its formation and implementation is established.

The degree of participation of each of the subjects varies depending on the political and economic attitudes in society. So, in authoritarian and totalitarian systems, the state plays a decisive role in the formation of environmental policy, suppressing the initiative of other potential participants in this process. IN democratic In societies where political culture is developed and citizens' rights are constantly expanding, public participation plays an important role in making environmentally significant decisions.

In socialist countries such as the USSR, the implementation of the idea of ​​progress based on the rapid development of productive forces and economic growth led to the depletion of natural and social resources. The accelerated pace of industrial development without taking into account the impact on the environment contributed to the emergence environmental risks. Underdevelopment of productive forces, imperfect technologies and “free” Natural resources led to a disruption of the ecological balance, aggravation of social, sanitary and hygienic problems, contradictions between

nature users of different levels.

Features of environmental policy are inextricably linked with the specifics of economic, social, political and cultural development of society. In this regard, the following factors have a great influence on environmental policy: the scale of environmental management, the pace of production development, economic and social stability, the level of environmental culture of the population, etc.

Related information.