What is a parapet? What is a parapet and is it possible to make it yourself? Protective strips for the foundation
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Most elements of buildings are difficult to imagine without such components as parapets. What is this - functional element or just a means of decoration? First of all though important detail, which allows you to protect the roof, fences, walls, foundation, window openings from the outside from various mechanical damage And negative impact factors environment. What is the meaning of the word parapet? This is the side of a small wall or fence along something.
A little more detail...
This element is a solid wall, for the manufacture of which metal is most often used, for example, galvanized steel. Firstly, it is resistant to corrosion. Secondly, it is reliable in operation, so the parapet will last much longer. Thirdly, a modern parapet (the photo confirms this) can be of very different shapes and functional purpose. At the same time, it is important to choose a design that will not change the appearance of the building and can become its important element.
What types?
The design of any building and structure will be incomplete if the parapets are not properly equipped. We have already understood that this is an important functional part of any design. Now let's figure out what types of parapets exist:
- The flat parapet is flat surface, on which the droppers are spread out to the sides.
- Flat design with a rectangular drip. It is more reliable in attachment to the surface.
- The simplest parapet has two slopes and is used to protect fence walls from exposure to precipitation.
- The ridge parapet is distinguished by the presence of a lower fastening, which is covered with a visor on top.
- The complex design consists of two drips, and the water will flow in two directions. These are the most durable parapets today.
That this additional product significantly improves the appearance of a house or structure is immediately apparent from the photographs. At the same time, it is used both for decorating a roof or staircase, and for arranging a terrace or balcony.
Roof, Foundation and Fence Solutions
Parapets for the foundation are span strips, thanks to which the base will be protected from moisture. This design has a main part, bends and droppers. They are made of galvanized steel, which means that their service life will be high. The parapet is created in such a way that attention is not focused on it, but at the same time the structure is reliably protected.
The roof parapet is a solid plank that serves as a roof. As a rule, the most vulnerable place of any house is the junction of the roof and the facade, and it is thanks to the parapet that it is possible to protect it from negative influences atmospheric phenomena. IN standard version the roofing parapet consists of a main part, bends that are located at an angle to the main plank, and side drips through which water is drained.
Why do you need a fence?
Most often, parapets are mounted on the roofing system, as well as along the edges of terraces and balconies as a fence. If the roof is flat or pitched, then parapets are installed only if their height reaches 10 meters: this will protect a person from falling, for example, during work. Except directly protective function, the parapet is also needed to give the building attractive appearance. In this case, the form and execution of this element should be chosen in accordance with the style and architectural decision adopted for the design of the house. The following requirements apply to parapets:
- The height for operated roofs must be at least 1.2 m.
- If the flat roof is not in use, you can do without a parapet and replace it, for example, with a decorative metal fence.
- The parapet assembly (that is, the place where it meets the roof) must be reliably waterproofed and strengthened.
- A roof parapet with a height of 45 cm or more must be equipped with a protective apron, which is usually secured with a metal nut.
Installation features
At its core, installing a parapet is not difficult, but it is still better to entrust this work to professionals. The quality of the waterproofing of the structure depends on the quality of installation. If you do not take into account that various parapets have their own installation characteristics, that this fencing must be reliable and of high quality, then the walls, for example, will get wet, which means that certain difficulties will arise in operation, which will lead to the need for repairs.
What about the balcony?
On a balcony, a parapet is necessary not only for safety reasons. For example, you decided to install double-glazed windows in this room, but previously there were simple frames. Most likely, in this case, the balcony parapet will have to be enlarged so that the installation of plastic structures is of high quality, and the window is installed hermetically and tightly. Most often this area on the balcony is made of concrete, metal or wooden beam, and in terms of their technical characteristics these materials are similar to each other.
You should proceed from the quality and safety of the design, and not from its decorative properties. So, the height of the parapet should be approximately 80-120 cm - these are the most optimal sizes for barrier equipment. In addition, it is important to consider what load will be placed on the parapet and the balcony as a whole. To build a new parapet, you can use this universal material like a foam block. First of all, it's lightweight. Secondly, it is fire resistant. Thirdly, it is not afraid of moisture, especially if you additionally wrap it in glassine. Masonry can be done using glue, so the masonry seams will not freeze.
If you are designing a small balcony, then in order to increase the usable space, you can perform glazing with offset, and the entire structure will be moved beyond the parapet. Thanks to this solution, you can visually make the balcony space larger, and it will also look much more attractive.
Fence: how to design?
A beautiful fence is an opportunity to create a harmonious architectural ensemble on your suburban area. To protect your fence from moisture and precipitation in general, you definitely need parapets. That this is a very important component is also clear because as a result of the accumulation of moisture and its further freezing in cold weather, the pores of the concrete will either expand or contract. This means that over time, cracks will appear along the fence.
This is why most homeowners prefer to install fence caps or caps. With their help, you can cover the horizontal surface of the fence along its entire perimeter and at the same time give the structure an attractive appearance. It is important that the parapet is chosen correctly - in accordance with the size of the fence. Firstly, this will distribute the load evenly. And secondly, it will be possible to make the joint as high quality as possible.
Features of a parapet for a fence
In the standard version, the parapet consists of a shelf (that is, the main part) and droppers. It is attached by means of bends, which are located at right angles to the shelf. It must be remembered that if the fence is lined with stone, you should first begin installing the parapet elements. Otherwise, in the very first winter, all the cladding will simply disappear. It is best to choose steel parapets for the fence, but aluminum, copper, polyester and other variations are also suitable. For example, a parapet with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm will last about ten years if it is also protected with a special strip.
What does the law say?
According to Federal Law No. 122-FZ, in industrial buildings the height of the parapet can be less than 0.6 m, but it will need to be supplemented with lattice fencing. Fences and ventilation outlets must be installed on the roofs of residential buildings in use. The height of the parapets of stairs, terraces, roofs, balconies must be at least 0.9 m. In this case, the fencing must be continuous and equipped with handrails. Regardless of the height of the building, the fencing must cover flat roofs, external galleries, open external staircases, platforms, balconies and loggias.
A roof parapet is a structure that performs not only an aesthetic, but also a practical function and can be installed on roofs of any shape and size. In our article you will find out why exactly it is installed, what types exist, what requirements are imposed on these products in building codes. In addition, you will be able to learn the nuances of arrangement, creation options, get acquainted with the advice of professional installers and find out whether it is possible to do without the construction of a parapet or whether this construction is mandatory.
Purpose of the design
Installation of a parapet is possible on any roof, regardless of its size, degree of inclination, shape and material of manufacture. Main functions of the product:
Protecting people who walk on the roof, carry out construction work or repairs there, from falling to the ground.
Hold sliding under their own weight snow masses, their one-time collapse, which can cause harm to the life and health of passers-by, as well as property.
Visual camouflage pipelines, air ducts, cooling equipment and other items that detract from the appearance of the structure.
Additional resistance strong wind load, which is especially important in regions with harsh climates.
Improving waterproofing properties roofing structure, protection of joints from leakage.
The ability to create a safe and beautiful observation deck, if the roof has a flat structure with a zero slope angle.
A properly installed parapet on the roof will protect the structure from precipitation, hurricane wind and other external influences, and will also become decorative decoration the building itself.
Structure and varieties
Today, two types of parapets are common - from stone materials and from various types of metals. Most often, the former perform a predominantly practical function, and the latter – a decorative one. The appearance of the product depends on the features of the facade of the house, most popular types:
-
Curly shape.
Skates.
On a note! The roof apron is most often made from metal sheet, which has a thickness of up to 0.7 mm.
A figured parapet usually has the shape of a railing; it is distinguished by many bends and indirect lines; most simple system combines two slopes and a dropper rectangular shape. A more complex option involves bending the drip under the visor: installing the system is more expensive, but it will be more resistant to external influences.
The parapet is considered mandatory construction on any building if the height of the structure exceeds 10 meters. The dimensions of the product itself depend on the function it performs: for example, structures designed to protect roofing coverings from wind and precipitation are smaller than systems that serve for safety on roofs with walking platforms.
On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer the service of designing and performing roofing work of any complexity. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Any parapet, regardless of its shape, size and design has a single structure:
Shelf– the main element.
Overhangs– parts located in a perpendicular position to the shelf.
Droppers– side parts that are used for drainage.
Most often, the structure is made of steel, aluminum, brick, concrete or blocks; combined materials can be used (for example, concrete base With metal railings). The upper part is usually covered with a galvanized sheet or reinforced concrete slab, as this protects the product from corrosion and mechanical damage. A metal profile of a horizontal, single- or gable design can also be used.
SNIP requirements
According to building regulations, the parapet must be installed on buildings more than 10 meters in height and with a slope of up to 12 degrees. In the case of a greater roof slope, the structure can also be installed on houses of lower height. In addition, decorative parapets can be installed on buildings with flat roof and small height, since they perform an aesthetic function, and not only have a practical purpose.
Parapet with railings made of tempered glass- durable and beautiful Source www.marshalls.co.uk
One of important parameters– parapet height at flat roof; SNIP defines the value as 45 cm, while maximum size equal to 1.2 meters. It is not necessary to make a parapet structure on the roof if it is not in use, i.e. There is no observation deck, walking area or other structures at the top. If the roof is used as a resting place, part of a summer cafe, the parapet is made at a height of 120 cm to protect people from accidental falls.
Arrangement of the junction point
An important point when creating a parapet is the connection of the structure to the roof. To finish with a galvanized sheet, grooves are cut into the structure and the edges of the metal products are inserted there, bending them at an angle. In order for the junction of the roof to the parapet to be arranged according to all the rules, and the connection to be reliable, several rules must be followed:
The niche where the edge of the apron is inserted should be not less than 100 mm deep.
Gates in the parapet are needed fill with cement mortar so that the wall does not deform or crack during the first long downpour.
On a note! Along the entire length of the system, you need to fix wooden plugs in increments of 100 cm: they are needed for nailing the bars and then laying the apron on them. The sheets themselves are laid overlapping with a margin of 10-12 cm.
If we are talking about a flat roof, then you need to use additional waterproofing with mastic, reinforce the structure with geotextiles or other materials containing fiberglass. The insulating layer is made with an overlap of 120-150 mm, the joints are coated with mastic, and the cake itself is secured with an apron. Particularly important high-quality waterproofing junction node, if a coating in the form of soft tiles or roll roofing: a support part must be provided at the joining point.
Is it possible to make a parapet on a sloping roof?
A parapet on the roof can be installed regardless of the degree of inclination, however, when creating a structure on a pitched surface, it is important to observe increased safety measures and take into account a number of nuances. For example, with a seam roof with a protrusion, it is necessary to crimp it with metal corners with perforations and fasten it with bolts. The fence itself is mounted on the corners.
Another installation method is practiced if the roof is made of corrugated sheets or metal tiles. Fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws with a rubber gasket. The use of such fasteners allows you to seal the coating as much as possible, protecting it from precipitation.
To ensure that the installation of the parapet takes a minimum of time and is carried out correctly, it is recommended to take into account the following nuances:
Required before installation calculate roof area, determine the average amount of precipitation during the year and clarify the load on square meter: these indicators will be required when determining the amount of materials for the arrangement of the parapet itself.
For installation climbing equipment required and skills in high-altitude work, therefore, the task of installing a parapet can only be entrusted to professionals who have the appropriate equipment and a license for such activities.
Often the structure is a continuation of the wall, so its construction is carried out at the stage of building construction. This means that the system needs to be thought through at the design stage of the house.
Metal parapets are considered very popular: they are durable, lightweight, resistant to temperature fluctuations, moisture, mechanical stress, and have long term services. It is possible to cover the structure with a metal profile; the connections are made seam to ensure maximum tightness. In addition, the building can be equipped with parapets, for example, made of armor-resistant glass or especially durable plastic: the supports are made of metal, and the space between them is covered with sheets of such material. The apron on the roof, which serves for drainage, is usually made of galvanized steel.
Video description
An example of finishing parapets in the following video:
Conclusion
Roof parapet – robust design, which serves to decorate the building, ensure the safety of people, including during high-altitude work, snow retention and resistance to wind loads. The product can be made of brick, block, or have a monolithic structure; often the parapet is made of metal or a combination of materials. In view of increased requirements To ensure the reliability of the design, installation should be entrusted to experienced craftsmen.
- (French parapet, from Italian parapetto, from parare - to protect and petto - chest) 1) a low solid wall enclosing the roof of a building, terrace, balcony, embankment, bridge, etc. P. often serves as a pedestal for decorative vases and statues . Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Every person strives to improve their home and surrounding space. Of course, in this case one cannot do without construction work. But, as everyone knows, some participants in the structures being built are subject to negative influence environment. These areas include:
- projections;
- fence walls;
- window openings from the outside;
- foundations.
A parapet can be used to protect these areas from adverse effects. A parapet is a kind of continuous wall of small height that can protect the parapet from a variety of mechanical damage and various influences environment.
Application of a parapet
Parapets are also installed on flat or pitched roofs. It can also perform a decorative function. This design must be installed in a place where people are expected to stay. According to building codes, the minimum parapet height should be from 45 to 120 cm. An apron is often installed on top of the structure, which protects it from destruction.
Material for making a parapet
Parapets are made from various materials: concrete blocks, brick, monolithic reinforced concrete and metal. Metal is more common in our country. Such structures can be quickly and easily installed. Such metal structures are made of galvanized steel, which is a reliable and functional material. A parapet structure of this type has a fairly long service life. There are parapets made of copper, which is highly durable. This type of design will not make you think about replacing the structure with a new one.
Parapet installation
Installing a parapet is a responsible task. Attention: many masters do not recommend trusting this process to an amateur. After all, this other thing has many nuances - for example, the correct installation of the parapet assembly - part of the structure that is adjacent to the wall. After all, the installation of this section will be responsible for the reliability and efficiency of the structure as a whole.
Today, parapet structures are actively used on the external slopes of windows (they are called external window sills, ebbs). External window sills have a flat profile. Their main task is to protect window slope from the influence of various unfavorable factors environment. Such castings are made of metal: aluminum or galvanized steel.
Types of parapets
You should decide in advance on the type of parapet. Exist:
- a flat parapet that has a smooth surface and drip edges set to the side.
- parapet structure flat shape with a rectangular drip. This type has a rectangular bend at the bottom. This ensures a high-quality and reliable fit between the structure and the mounted surface.
- parapet structure with two slopes. It is used mainly to protect fence walls from various damages.
- parapet with two slopes and a rectangular drip edge. It is highly reliable.
- The “ridge” parapet is distinguished by a lower fastening, which is covered by a canopy on top.
- a complex parapet that includes a water drain that can flow in two directions. This type of parapet is the most reliable and durable, due to the installation features of the parapet assembly.
Fencing a balcony, the roof of a building, a bridge, an embankment, etc. In some cases, it is used as a decorative artistic element.
View value Parapet in other dictionaries
Parapet- parapet, m. (from the Greek para - against and petomai - flying). 1. A fence, a railing along something, a fence that protects against falling. bridge. There is a parapet along the edge of the roof. 2. Cover protecting……..
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
Parapet- m. railings, handrails, balustrades, baluster, fence, low wall; | military low cover, stone, earthen, from shots.
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
Parapet M.- 1. A low wall enclosing a balcony, bridge, embankment, roof of a building, etc. 2. A low stone wall that served as a parapet on the fortress walls.
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova
Parapet- -A; m.
1. A low wall, a fence along something. P. balcony. P.
What is the purpose of the parapet on the roof?
roofs. Granite parapets of the Neva.
2. Military outdated Shaft for protection from enemy bullets, cannonballs and……..
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary
Parapet- (French parapet - from Italian parapetto), a low solid wall running along the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, along an embankment, bridge (as a barrier); on the crest of the dam,……..
Large encyclopedic dictionary
Parapet- - fencing, low solid wall on the edge of a roof, embankment, balcony, terrace, on the crest of a dam, dam, jetty, etc.
Historical Dictionary
Parapet- (from French parapet, Italian parapetto, from parare – to protect and petto – chest) – a fence, railing or low solid wall running along the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, along a bridge, embankment……..
Architectural Dictionary
PARAPET- PARAPET, -a, m. Low barrier wall, railing. P. bridge. || adj. parapet, oh, oh.
Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Crenellated parapet- Battlements are the completion of the walls of fortresses, feudal castles, individual towers, an element of a fortification structure covering the defenders. Combat slots on the teeth and……..
Architectural Dictionary
View Wikipedia article for Parapet
Translate Parapet into language:
The word "parapet" is of French-Italian origin, its literal translation will sound like “protect the chest.”
Roof parapet: what is it and how is it designed?
In the construction industry, the term “parapet” means a small fence (wall) along the perimeter of the roof of a building (both residential and public). In other words, this is a kind of continuation of the walls that protrude above the roof level. Such a barrier structure is intended for both flat and pitched roofs.
Types of parapet and its functions
Experts distinguish several types of parapet depending on the building structure:
- flat (with a flat surface, additionally equipped with drips for water drainage);
- ridge (covered with an additional visor);
- complex (ridge with built-in drips, tucked under the visor);
- simple or gable;
- figured (in the shape of a railing).
Read also: Detailed description ondulina
The choice of the shape of the parapet fence depends on its functional purpose. Let's consider the main functions of a parapet for the roofs of any buildings:
- Protective:
- from roof coverings being torn off by strong gusts of wind;
- from fire in the event of a fire in a neighboring building;
- from free precipitation to preserve the integrity of the roof.
- Decorative – for individualization design solution(decorated with decorative elements in the form of stucco molding, figured overlays, etc.).
Depending on the material of manufacture, such fences can be brick or metal.
Material for the manufacture of parapet fencing on the roof
For the roofs of public buildings, the parapet must be made of metal materials:
- steel – stainless, galvanized or with special powder coating (to increase service life and give the required color shade);
- copper;
- various alloys (provided for by the relevant building codes) - aluminum, finished metal profiles.
Thickness metal structure should be from 3 mm. In addition, it is coated with a layer of special paint to prevent corrosion. Also, these structures require to be equipped with struts and racks, since they are attached to the roof with their help.
Such a parapet, used on the roof, combines both main functions - both protective and aesthetic.
Brick is most often used in construction residential buildings. A parapet from this material is built directly during the construction of the house itself. Features of brick fencing are:
- small height;
- metal apron;
- a groove for installing a roofing covering, which is fixed with a special strip.
Concrete blocks and monolithic reinforced concrete can also be used to create a parapet.
Features of installing a parapet on the roof
Russian construction is subject to special construction norms and rules, which are adopted by local executive authorities in the form of technical regulations - SNiPs. According to these standard standards, the height of the parapets can be different - 60 centimeters, 90 centimeters, 1 meter 20 centimeters. These criteria depend on the roof slope and the height of the eaves:
- if the slope is up to 12%, the height of the parapet fence on the roof is allowed to exceed 10 meters;
- if the slope exceeds 12%, then the parapet can be more than 7 meters.
Such standards provide for fire safety for roofs with a flat roof type, balconies and loggias, as well as open flights of stairs, etc.
Read also: What is better to choose for the roof: metal tiles or corrugated sheets
SNiP also provides for a number of nuances in the construction of a parapet fence on the roof:
- For industrial buildings With internal drains a parapet is needed with a height of up to 60 centimeters with additional fencing in the form of a lattice from the surface of the roof itself.
- For residential apartment buildings - height from 1 m 20 centimeters (with handrails for stairs from 90 centimeters).
- For public (administrative) buildings - from 90 centimeters.
In all cases, the parapet fence must be continuous and flights of stairs with handrails capable of withstanding horizontal loads of more than 0.3 kN/m.
Before installing a parapet on the roof, experts recommend paying attention to the following essential points:
- choice quality materials(otherwise the operation of such a fence will be relatively short-lived);
- the ability to use climbing equipment when the house is over three floors high (or call a professional high-rise installer);
- the need for mandatory two-layer waterproofing, consisting of a layer of bitumen and a layer of roofing felt (in modern construction it is possible to use roofing felt instead polymer materials, characterized by a longer service life).
Read also: What better ondulin or metal tiles
And finally, experts recommend watching a special video on installing a parapet fence for reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abAxyDdbXI4.
The parapet is presented in the form of a fence located on flat or pitched roofs and ensuring safe movement on them during repair work. Parapet designs can be anything and depend directly on construction requirements. So, what are parapets for, and how to install them correctly?
A correctly assembled roof parapet fencing reliably protects the roof from the wind, which can even cause deformation and tearing of the covering during strong gusts. The aesthetic purpose of the parapet is no less important - it improves the roof of high-rise buildings, and hides air conditioning units and other communications under it.
High-rise buildings must have an apron against precipitation made from galvanized steel sheets, metal profiles, concrete slabs, copper caps. In construction practice, brick parapets are in high demand - they are laid on top of the finished roofing. The height of such a parapet should be at least 0.5 m, and inside it there will be a roofing carpet, on top of which a special pressure strip is laid - as can be seen in the photo. To improve the strength of the structure, masonry can be made with wooden or metal reinforcing parts. Installation of metal handrails is a mandatory procedure, then due to them the height of the parapet will be at least 1.2 m.
Assembling the parapet structure
A metal parapet is mounted quite simply - from the main part, the so-called shelf, and figured or straight bends located at 90 degrees.
Rules for the parapet:
- parapets of at least 1.2 m are installed on the roofs in use;
- on an unused flat roof of a building that is lower than 10 m, a decorative metal fence can perform the function of a parapet; the absence of any fencing at all is also acceptable; if the building is higher than 10 m, then the parapet must be installed;
- where there is a junction soft roof to the parapet, a waterproofing carpet is laid, and special crutches are used for fastening (for more details: “How to connect the roof to the parapet - arranging knots in practice”);
- if PVC material or a TPO membrane is laid as a roof covering, then an additional waterproofing carpet will be required to fix the drip line;
- If parapets made of galvanized steel are installed above 45 cm, then it is necessary to have a protective apron, on top of which a clamping device is attached to self-tapping screws. metal strip and all joints are sealed (read also: “Roof flashings”).
Coating the parapet with copper, see video in detail:
Carrying out installation work
To build a parapet you need to prepare in advance:
- the required number of bricks and mortar for their laying;
- metal fittings;
- clamping bars;
- to cover the parapet assembly of a flat roof, there must be an apron (read: “How the parapet assembly on the roof is constructed”);
- waterproofing material;
- metal caps;
- material and tools for fastening.
The work is carried out after complete installation of the floors and the main roof covering. The laying of each row requires reinforcement with steel rods, and their height should not be less than 50 cm, otherwise it will be necessary to install additional fences (for more details: “The height of the roof fence - what you need to know”).
Parapet on the roof - all methods of high-quality finishing in a photo review!
Upon completion of the work, a smooth connection of the enclosing elements and the roof is made. To do this, the roofing covering is attached at an angle of 45 degrees to the sand-cement mortar, then two layers of roofing material are placed on top of it, and the entire system is coated with a bitumen compound. Remember that the junction of the roof to the parapet must be carefully processed - the quality of the entire structure depends on this (for more details: “The junction of the roof to the wall - installation”).
As soon as everything dries, the waterproofing needs to be fixed with self-tapping screws, a pressure strip and an apron must be installed. Caps can be different: flat, gable, decorative, but, regardless of the choice, they are also attached with self-tapping screws. A galvanized parapet and other similar roof railings are installed in a similar way.
The design, despite its great importance in creating a safe roof, is quite simple to install. The basic rules for installing elements should be observed; the most important of them are the connection of the roof to the parapet and high-quality fastening.
Let us remind you that parapets are required during construction and repairs high-rise buildings(more than 10 m), in other situations you can get by with decorative metal handrails.
What is a parapet
Safety on the street, at work and at home is the main requirement for a full life. The construction industry is actively assisting in this matter together with employees of housing utilities and executive authorities, since the level of accidents on roads and roofs is beyond the acceptable limits. Building builders and road pavers combat this problem with parapets.
Building parapet what is it
The word itself came to us with French"parapet" and also given word also exists in Italian, which is defined as “elevated wall.” In our everyday language parapet refers to an extended wall on roofs and roads that serves a safety function against falls and accidents, like a handrail on a bridge, roofs, stairs, and elevated areas. Often, during the construction of private houses, between the second and first floors it is used to create a recreation area, instead of a balcony, because the parapet allows in this case expand the space. In other cases, it narrows the space and somewhat limits it.
According to SNiP, the installation of parapets is necessary for roofs:
- with a height of over 10 m (up to the cornice) and a slope of up to 12%;
- with a height of more than 7 m and a slope of more than 12%;
History of the development of parapets in buildings
The parapet was first used in the construction of buildings at the end of the 15th century AD in France in the town of Stibulein. Later, this idea was picked up by Greece, Spain and Italy. Türkiye decorated the parapets of the building with national and religious patterns and designs. Starting from the twentieth century, there was an intense “spurt” in the development of the auto industry, which introduced many rules and adjustments to the rules of public behavior on the roads. So, there were rules traffic. The main rule on the road has always been considered to be the safety of the lives of pedestrians and drivers. And bridges, uneven paths in contact with the sidewalk, posed a huge danger to society. At high speed, the car often ended up in a pond, stakes, or river due to the fact that there were no restrictive elements on the roads. For this purpose, curbs and roadside barriers were invented. In order to eliminate accidents on buildings and multi-storey buildings Since the 1950s in the USSR, architects have necessarily used this element of “insurance” on the roofs of buildings and balconies. To this day, builders and architects adhere to this construction rule. And also on balconies and bridges they use railings, which are also a subtype of parapet.
What types of building parapets are there:
- flat, their surface is completely flat, they are equipped with droppers responsible for draining water, which are placed in opposite directions;
- ridge caps, which are attached from below and covered with a visor;
- complex, the water in them is removed from two various sides, and the droppers are bent under the visor;
- simple, having two slopes;
- curly, resembling a railing in appearance.
Types of parapet
- Fence;
- Fundamental;
- For roof and roofing;
- Curb;
- Roadside.
The fence most often has some kind of ornament or design, since it ends with the structure of the fence. The use of forged metal fencing not only decorates the external shape of the fence, but also ensures the safety of property and does not intrude into private territory.
The foundation strengthens the structure and provides an additional area of space for use for waterproofing purposes. This type is also often used in children's playgrounds: in sandboxes and play areas. In this case, the parapet reflects the role of the border playground. When constructing professional swimming pools, they must create a parapet to it, which helps to retain the water of the pool.
Curb and roadside differ only in height, but in general, both are performed on highways and on roads. The curb protects pedestrians from car collisions with the sidewalk, and the roadside protects the car from dangerous sections of the road: a bridge, a cliff, a sharp and dangerous descent, a faulty road. The traffic rules indicate places where the parapet on the road must be in good working order and equipped with special night vision lights.
Parapet manufacturing methods
The parapet is made from almost any building material. Typically used for office buildings lightweight design metal pipes covered with plastic or glass. Safety regulations require that the parapet on the roof of a building be at least 0.60 cm in height. On an unsafe roof, the design of metal pipes ensures safety on the roof.
Another fairly common form is a forged parapet made of metal products: this type manufacturing not only looks aesthetically pleasing, but also has longest period operation. Forged products are made from stainless material. The most common type is made from bricks or concrete mass. This type is considered the most accessible, economical, with material point sight, and easy to build. It just requires regular maintenance of its appearance using special solutions and paints. This type is used in the construction of roads and private houses.
For the roof and roofing, the parapet is used mainly in the construction of high-rise buildings, since the roof is unsafe for residents and surrounding people, and also to organize the vault Wastewater. Typically, this type of parapet has special plinths with a sewer hole for sewerage.
It is best to entrust the fastening and structure of the parapet to professionals, despite the fact that it is not so difficult to remove it yourself. The whole problem is the quality and safety of the fastening. Mainly companies specializing in installation work carry out fastening and installation of parapets on any part of the building. They also provide a guarantee of the safety of this work and insurance. Thanks to special fastenings, this type of work is performed with the main goal of protecting people from accidents.
What is a parapet: definition, standards and types
What is a parapet? In order to clarify this concept, it is necessary to turn to construction topics. This is a wall that encloses the roof of a building, its walls, balcony and additional forms architectural structures.
It is worth considering in more detail what it is - a roof parapet. This design is a fence in order to avoid an unexpected fall of a person, as well as to protect the building from various climatic conditions.
To answer the question “the parapet of a building - what is it?”, it is necessary to study the construction topic again. First of all, this is a guarantee of safety, security, and in some cases also an interesting design solution.
Analysis of the condition and choice of method for strengthening the parapet. Required material for laying a parapet
In order to clarify what a parapet is, it is necessary to conduct a qualitative analysis of it. In order for the subsequently installed fencing to serve for a long time and with high quality, it is worth noting several main details that you need to pay attention to:
- The first thing to examine is the presence of visible damage. And also evaluate the condition of old fasteners.
- It is also worth considering the quality of previously used materials. And design features in general.
- It is necessary to take into account the fact that it will not be possible to independently assess the condition of the balcony. This requires permission from the Housing Office commission. After all, such a structure is technically located in a public place. And if the load is unacceptable, it can lead to unforeseen, dangerous consequences.
It should be noted the parameters that are recommended for installing a parapet according to GOST 25772-83. It is specified that the height should be 1 meter in buildings that have no more than 10 floors. When the building is higher than 30 meters, the fence should be at least 1.1 meters.
After carrying out all the necessary measurements and checks, it is necessary to choose a strengthening method, based on what a parapet is and what types of it exist. There are several types of suitable materials.
Metal parapet reinforcement
This method is suitable for leaving the balcony open or installing cold glazing. If the parapet is in sufficiently strong condition, it simply needs to be reinforced with metal corners in necessary places. When the deterioration of an object is at its maximum level, then the structure is simply completely replaced with a new one. With help welding work and fastening to the wall. This option is quite stable in terms of weather conditions, changing seasons, operation.
Strengthening the parapet with foam blocks
Another common option for strengthening the structure is the use of foam blocks. This modern version, which is distinguished by its strength, heat resistance, and sound insulation. This material is environmentally friendly and durable.
It is worth noting optimal cost for this product. It is cheaper than many analogues, but this does not affect its quality. It is worth noting positive traits foam block:
- The first thing to note is its fire resistance.
- Its environmentally friendly components can also be considered an advantage. It is not a threat to the environment or human health.
- They note a fairly long service life. The material is durable.
- Reinforcement with foam blocks can be done without specific skills. It is enough to have an idea about this process. But for the quality of the work performed, it is recommended to use the services of professionals.
It is necessary to consider the main technical features strengthening the parapet when using foam blocks.
First you need to calculate and measure the parameters of the object in relation to window openings. It is also necessary to lay an insulating layer on the balcony slab. When working with foam blocks, you need to use a level for accurate calculations. Holes in the outer wall must be repaired by drilling. It is required to use adhesive (capable of connecting dissimilar substances) plaster. The outer side is usually sheathed with galvanized sheets or siding.
Insulation of balcony parapet
Due to changing weather conditions, it is necessary to insulate the parapet. This happens in order to avoid cold getting into your own home, as well as to preserve the items stored on the balcony. The main option is complete thermal insulation. It concerns not only the above object, but also the floor, ceiling, and walls. Most often used for this process sheet materials, which are divided into polystyrene foam, penoplex, ready-made panels, sometimes mineral wool. If a foam block was used to strengthen the structure, then insulation should be carried out from the inside. It is worth considering the process points in detail:
- Penofol must be applied to the inside of the parapet using self-tapping screws.
- In order to reduce material consumption and speed up the work process, it is necessary to construct a sheathing. It is assembled from several bars placed vertically and horizontally, which helps reduce the amount of time for measurements.
- Then you need to cut the insulation into pieces of a certain size. And lay it in the sheathing.
- Fill the seams with foam. Remove excess after complete drying.
It is worth noting that due to the fact that the balcony, by its design, protrudes beyond the boundaries of the house, its complete insulation is quite difficult to achieve. If we talk about the loggia, then complete insulation is possible here, due to the fact that the object is located inside the building.
Technical specifications
What is a parapet, definition of the concept and its technical specifications It is worth considering in more detail to know the technology of possible installation.
For a process such as strengthening, it is necessary to comply with all established standards. Especially if the work is carried out independently, without the intervention of specialists. It is worth adhering to the instructions of SNiP dated January 31, 2003, where paragraph 8.3 specifies the height of the parapet in meters. It is required that the fences be continuous, without interruptions. Loads are calculated at a rate of at least 0.3 kN/m. This is required to insulate the parapet.
Balcony parapet cladding
Knowing the definition of what a parapet is, it will not be difficult to properly cover it.
For his high-quality insulation commonly used following materials: siding, corrugated board, plaster - the most popular of them. There are several options for cladding the structure: internal and external. First you need to consider the option from the outside.
Siding is most often used for this process. Its advantages are ease of use, relatively low price, the ability to choose different colors and shades. When choosing a material for cladding the outside of a balcony, you can turn to a specialist for help, and there is also the option to come up with your own design.
Concerning interior decoration, then this is a definite completion of restoration work that relates to insulation, reinforcement and cladding of the balcony and loggia. It can be done using certain materials:
- PVC panels.
- Drywall that needs to be painted after installation.
- Wooden lining.
In some cases, decorative stone or tiles can be used. But these materials are quite expensive in cost. They are not easy to install, since this process requires certain skills. Decorative stone looks very beautiful, aesthetically pleasing, and expensive. But at the same time it is difficult to apply, it is very whimsical in everyday life. Requires some care.
If we talk about tiles, they also look beautiful. Its weight plays an important role. This material It is quite massive, which is why it is necessary to correctly calculate the volumes and structure of the parapet so that the tiles do not cause damage to it and do not jeopardize the entire concept of the structure.
If we talk about what a standard parapet is, then it may not be suitable for modern glazing. It is worth paying special attention to the special opening designed for window blocks.
conclusions
In general, if you answer the question, parapets - what are they, then they are an integral part of any modern structure. It serves to protect and improve the building.
Parapets - what are they? Parapet height. Parapet: photo
Most elements of buildings are difficult to imagine without such components as parapets. Is this a functional element or just a means of decoration? First of all, it is still an important detail that allows you to protect the roof, fences, walls, foundation, window openings from the outside from various mechanical damage and the negative impact of environmental factors. What is the meaning of the word parapet? This is the side of a small wall or fence along something.
A little more detail.
This element is a solid wall, for the manufacture of which metal is most often used, for example, galvanized steel. Firstly, it is resistant to corrosion. Secondly, it is reliable in operation, so the parapet will last much longer. Thirdly, a modern parapet (the photo confirms this) can be of very different shapes and functional purposes. At the same time, it is important to choose a design that will not change the appearance of the building and can become its important element.
What types?
The design of any building and structure will be incomplete if the parapets are not properly equipped. We have already understood that this is an important functional part of any design. Now let's figure out what types of parapets exist:
- A flat parapet is a flat surface on which drips are spread out to the sides.
- Flat design with a rectangular drip. It is more reliable in attachment to the surface.
- The simplest parapet has two slopes and is used to protect fence walls from exposure to precipitation.
- The ridge parapet is distinguished by the presence of a lower fastening, which is covered with a visor on top.
- The complex design consists of two drips, and the water will flow in two directions. These are the most durable parapets today.
That this additional product significantly improves the appearance of a house or structure is immediately apparent from the photographs. At the same time, it is used both for decorating a roof or staircase, and for arranging a terrace or balcony.
Roof, Foundation and Fence Solutions
Parapets for the foundation are span strips, thanks to which the base will be protected from moisture. This design has a main part, bends and droppers. They are made of galvanized steel, which means that their service life will be high. The parapet is created in such a way that attention is not focused on it, but at the same time the structure is reliably protected.
The roof parapet is a continuous strip that serves to enclose the roof. As a rule, the most vulnerable place of any house is the junction of the roof and the facade, and it is thanks to the parapet that it is possible to protect it from the negative effects of atmospheric phenomena. In the standard version, the roofing parapet consists of a main part, bends that are located at an angle to the main plank, and side drips through which water is drained.
Why do you need a fence?
Most often, parapets are mounted on the roofing system, as well as along the edges of terraces and balconies as a fence. If the roof is flat or pitched, then parapets are installed only if their height reaches 10 meters: this will protect a person from falling, for example, during work. In addition to its direct protective function, the parapet is also needed to give the building an attractive appearance. In this case, the form and execution of this element should be chosen in accordance with the style and architectural decision adopted for the design of the house. The following requirements apply to parapets:
- The height for operated roofs must be at least 1.2 m.
- If the flat roof is not in use, you can do without a parapet and replace it, for example, with a decorative metal fence.
- The parapet assembly (that is, the place where it meets the roof) must be reliably waterproofed and strengthened.
- A roof parapet with a height of 45 cm or more must be equipped with a protective apron, which is usually secured with a metal nut.
Installation features
At its core, installing a parapet is not difficult, but it is still better to entrust this work to professionals. The quality of the waterproofing of the structure depends on the quality of installation. If you do not take into account that various parapets have their own installation characteristics, and that this fencing must be reliable and of high quality, then the walls and ceiling on the balcony, for example, will get wet, which means that certain difficulties will arise in operation, which will lead to the need for repairs.
What about the balcony?
On a balcony, a parapet is necessary not only for safety reasons. For example, you decided to install double-glazed windows in this room, but previously there were simple frames. Most likely, in this case, the balcony parapet will have to be enlarged so that the installation of plastic structures is of high quality, and the window is installed hermetically and tightly. Most often, this area on the balcony is made of concrete, metal or wooden beams, and these materials are similar in their technical characteristics to each other.
When arranging a balcony, you should proceed from the quality and safety of the structure, and not from its decorative properties. So, the height of the parapet should be approximately 80-120 cm - these are the most optimal dimensions for fencing equipment. In addition, it is important to consider what load will be placed on the parapet and the balcony as a whole. To build a new parapet, you can use such a universal material as foam block. First of all, it's lightweight. Secondly, it is fire resistant. Thirdly, it is not afraid of moisture, especially if you additionally wrap it in glassine. Masonry can be done using glue, so the masonry seams will not freeze.
If you are designing a small balcony, then in order to increase the usable space, you can perform glazing with offset, and the entire structure will be moved beyond the parapet. Thanks to this solution, you can visually make the balcony space larger, and it will also look much more attractive.
Fence: how to design?
A beautiful fence is an opportunity to create a harmonious architectural ensemble in your suburban area. To protect your fence from moisture and precipitation in general, you definitely need parapets. That this is a very important component of the enclosing structure is also clear because as a result of the accumulation of moisture and its further freezing in cold weather, the pores of the concrete will either expand or contract. This means that over time, cracks will appear along the fence.
This is why most homeowners prefer to install fence caps or caps. With their help, you can cover the horizontal surface of the fence along its entire perimeter and at the same time give the structure an attractive appearance. It is important that the parapet is chosen correctly - in accordance with the size of the fence. Firstly, this will distribute the load evenly. And secondly, it will be possible to make the joint as high quality as possible.
Features of a parapet for a fence
In the standard version, the parapet consists of a shelf (that is, the main part) and droppers. It is attached by means of bends, which are located at right angles to the shelf. It must be remembered that if the fence is lined with stone, you should first begin installing the parapet elements. Otherwise, in the very first winter, all the cladding will simply disappear. It is best to choose steel parapets for the fence, but aluminum, copper, polyester and other variations are also suitable. For example, a parapet with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm will last about ten years if it is also protected with a special strip.
What does the law say?
According to Federal Law No. 122-FZ, in industrial buildings the height of the parapet can be less than 0.6 m, but it will need to be supplemented with lattice fencing. Fences and ventilation outlets must be installed on the roofs of residential buildings in use. In public buildings, the height of the parapets of stairs, terraces, roofs, and balconies must be at least 0.9 m. In this case, the fencing must be continuous and equipped with handrails. Regardless of the height of the building, the fencing must necessarily cover flat roofs, external galleries, open external staircases, flights of stairs, platforms, balconies and loggias.
What is a parapet on a flat roof roof and what is its height according to SNiP
One of the most important conditions for a person’s decent life is a guarantee of security in work area, outdoors and indoors.
Employees construction companies, repair workers on a flat roof cannot feel completely safe there.
Parapets play a huge role; they are actively used in various construction processes, thereby protecting buildings, territories, ensuring their maximum safety and integrity.
Then, in order to protect the roof of a separate building along the perimeter, a parapet is installed.
Roof parapet - purpose
A parapet is a kind of side that is placed along the edge roofing pie. This structure, as a rule, is constructed after the construction of walls, installation of the ceiling, as well as after thermal insulation and waterproofing work for the roof.
Actually this structure represents a kind of continuation of the existing wall. It is for this reason that the parapet on the roof is in most cases made of brick. Occasionally, the barrier can be made of metal, stone, concrete panels or solid reinforced concrete structures.
On some buildings built in a unique manner, the enclosing railings are made of stainless steel, glass, or a combination of two or three materials.
Functions performed by this design:
- The main purpose of the parapet is guarantee of people's security.
- Railings are capable of delaying a one-time convergence large quantity precipitation and snow cover from the roof.
- Decorates the building.
- Masks unattractive communication systems located on the roof.
- Provides active resistance to strong gusts of wind. Strong winds can break the seal of the roofing pie.
- The presence of a parapet allows you to create a cafe or observation deck on the roof.
- Guardrails protect the sides of the roof, and this in turn improves the waterproofing of the roof.
Initially, parapets began to be used in the construction of buildings in France in the second half of the 15th century AD. A little later, builders in Greece, Spain and Italy took advantage of this idea.
Since 1950, in the Soviet Union, architects in their projects have mandatory included this component of insurance on flat or pitched roofs of high-rise buildings and structures.
These canons established in construction are still followed.
Railings are also considered a subtype of parapets; as usual, they are used on balconies and bridges.
What types of parapets are divided into?
When is it necessary to install an appropriate parapet?
- Where the slope angle is up to 12% and buildings that are higher than 10 meters.
- If the height of the object is more than seven meters, and the roof angle is more than 12%, then the roof need to install a parapet or fence, which will delay snow melting in large quantities at once.
If the building is built in gross violation of relevant standards, then it cannot be put into operation. Therefore, existing construction standards must be observed.
Minimum parapet height on a flat roof SNiP:
- Not less than 45 cm for roofs that have not been put into operation.
- If people will be located on the roof, the height of the enclosing structure is 120 cm.
The parapet is considered a continuation of the wall, and its width corresponds to the width of the wall. This figure is no less than 50 cm.
Device and design features
The regulations for the structure of the enclosing structure prescribed in SNiP II-26-76 state that this element includes:
- Barrage. This is a scaffold along the entire roof of the building. This elevation performs barrier and also protective functions.
- Waterproofing apron. Made from moisture-resistant material. Its purpose is protection against moisture penetrating into the structure. Typically, roofing felt or other soft roofing material is used.
- Roofing wedge (gusset). This is a special device will protect the parapet from damage at the attachment points. As a rule, cement or a block of wood with a triangular cross-section is used. Using a wedge, it is possible to cut off a ninety-degree angle that is formed between the roof and the parapet. Rubbish gets clogged into this corner and water accumulates in it.
- Protective visor. It is made of strong, very resistant steel.
The weakest point is considered to be the area where the roof connects to the parapet.
In this section, damage to the pie most often occurs as a result and leaks occur., which lead to rotting of the flat roof.
In this case, it is impossible to do without repairing the parapet, and possibly without dismantling it.
To avoid unforeseen situations, It is necessary to strictly follow the technology when installing the junction unit.
Connecting the roof to a brick parapet
As mentioned above, a structure must be constructed from brick after installing the floors and further covering all layers of the roof.
Here you need to adhere to the following rules:
- If the height of the enclosing structure is less than 50 cm, the waterproofing layer must be applied to the entire side surface of the parapet and fix it with bitumen mastic.
- If the height of the fence is higher than 50 cm, it is best to make the groove at a height of 25 cm from the existing roof level. In this case, the waterproofing should reach the height of the groove, and the edges insulating material you need to insert it into this recess and press it with a metal bar. Places where there are joints must be coated with bitumen.
If the junction of the roof to the parapet is made in compliance with all the rules, then the roof can be used without repair for a long period of time.
The fit of the roof to the fence
How to properly arrange a connection point on a soft roof
It is much more difficult to carry out the work of connecting this parapet to the soft roof accurately. This design has a “weak” point - the angle between the barrier and the roof.
Roll-type roofing materials are distinguished by a certain flexibility. But the situation can be easily corrected. We are talking about reducing the contact angle. To achieve this, you need to pour the concrete casting at an angle of 45 degrees.
The ebb should be covered with a strip of insulation, the sides of which should be placed on the parapet.
Your next steps:
- It is necessary to fuse a thermal insulation sheet onto the roof;
- A roofing carpet is laid on the side of the blind area (the corner must be covered).
Using this design, you will be able to obtain a reliable connection between the soft roof and the parapet. The joints in this case will have high-quality waterproofing.
Construction of a parapet in stages:
- The basis of the barrier is the floors and roof covering, and work should begin with it.
- It is necessary to lay a row of reinforcement more than 0.5 meters high.
- It is necessary to carry out the laying of the enclosing structure. The material can be chosen at your discretion, but it is better this issue consult a specialist.
- The masonry must be connected with a fence.
Connection unit on a soft roof
Conclusion
The parapet is considered important and in most cases mandatory integral part flat and pitched roofs. When installing the structure, it is very important to comply with the standards prescribed in SNiP. Special attention should be given to the junction of the roof to the fence.
This issue cannot be left without due participation. There is also another one important point when carrying out work on arranging a galvanized steel parapet - this phased implementation all your actions.
Useful video
In this video you will learn how to install the connection between the parapet and the roof: