What is dismantling in electricity? Elimination of fixed wiring assets. Removing old wiring

What to do if the wiring in the house is faulty or needs to be replaced to be able to use powerful equipment? Dismantling will be required, which is done by “biting off” all the cables coming from the junction box and current-carrying elements. It is possible to cope with this task and home handyman with a small list of tools and necessary knowledge. If the work turns out to be more complicated than it seemed at first glance, it is better to call an electrician.

Features of dismantling electrical wiring in the house In modern buildings, preference is increasingly given to open wiring, which simplifies access to the cable. You can replace it very quickly, but with the wiring closed type everything is more complicated. To get out old wires embedded in the wall, the technician will have to use a wall chaser or a hammer drill. You can, of course, leave them under the plaster, but where is the guarantee that they will not interfere with the installation of new wiring? Another disadvantage is possible oxidation of the cable, which will lead to stains on the repaired surfaces of the walls and ceiling. Not every home has a diagram that clearly marks where the wires go. Dismantling is carried out by cutting them off from the de-energized electrical panel in advance. Learn more about the features of installation work can be found in the section http://elektrodoka.ru/demont. You can also call a specialist there if you can’t handle it on your own.

What tools will be needed for dismantling work? All types of electrical work require the use of almost the same tools. This universal kit for dismantling electrical wiring includes: - electrical wire cutters for cutting wires;
- pliers;
- indicator screwdriver;
- cable knife;
- voltammeter;
- screwdrivers (flat and Phillips). You will also need more expensive equipment - a hammer drill or wall chaser. With these devices you can quickly get to the wires running in the walls. Some craftsmen try to tear out the cable without using a hammer drill, but this is fraught severe damage plaster and breakdown of current-receiving elements. Eliminating the consequences of such actions can be more expensive than buying or at least renting a power tool.

Remember about safety precautions: a reminder for the home handyman If a person decides to dismantle the electrical wiring on his own, rather than turning to specialists, he must know the basic safety rules:

Before starting dismantling work with the wiring, it is necessary to disconnect it from the power supply and make sure that the wires are no longer energized (this can be done using an indicator or a voltammeter);
- prohibited use insulation materials, which were not specifically designed for electrical work;
- availability of special tools and protective clothing is mandatory;
- when subsequently replacing the wiring, you should use cables that are suitable in their parameters for the planned load.

Compliance with the rules is the key to safe and correct execution dismantling work old wiring.

The condition of the wires in the house affects the possibility of use household appliances, the quantity and total power consumption of which have increased significantly. Old building codes were not designed for such consumption. During repairs or reconstruction, do not new apartment It is recommended to replace the wire. This will allow anyone to use household appliances without fear of turning off the machines or short circuiting. Here we tell you how to dismantle wiring in an apartment more efficiently, quickly and easily.

If it is decided to carry out dismantling work, it is necessary to prepare for their implementation.

First of all, you need to decide whether it will be enough to replace the wiring directly in the apartment, or whether you also need to replace the input outside the apartment. Agree, having dismantled the old wires and installed a new copper network of sufficient cross-section inside the apartment, leaving a thin aluminum input outside without replacement is somewhat ridiculous.

If it is necessary to dismantle outside the apartment, install and connect a replacement to the distribution cable, the work must be coordinated with service company. Access to common building distribution cabinet must be limited. For work outside the apartment, it is better to involve specialists from the organization servicing the house, despite the fact that the total cost of repairing the intra-apartment network will increase.

You must remember that you must turn off the electricity in the apartment. Failure to comply with this requirement may result in electric shock or fire if it is accidentally shorted out.

What tools are needed for dismantling?

The basic set of tools for an electrician who installs and dismantles electrical wiring consists of pliers with insulated handles, a knife, a hammer and screwdrivers of the size needed for dismantling sockets and lighting fixtures. An indicator probe is required to check the absence dangerous voltage. A combination would be useful measuring device– multimeter. To make it easier to find the route of old wires, a hidden wiring finder will be useful.

The work is carried out with the electricity turned off, so you need to prepare a portable lamp with a long wire and provide for connecting a temporary barn outside the work area.

Reasons for the need to replace the old network

Previously, in the construction of housing, aluminum wire of small cross-section with single insulation was used. The lighting and Appliances did not create a large load. Currently, the load is much greater and does not meet the old standards. Aluminum wire has a service life of no more than 30 years. Loss of elasticity leads to flexural fractures. Insulation loses its properties. Operation of aged wiring under heavy loads threatens shutdowns and short circuits. If uncontrolled shutdowns lead to equipment malfunction, then short circuit may cause a fire.

Replacing old ones electrical wires will increase the comfort and safety of using household appliances, which will more than cover the costs of dismantling and the cost of installation of new ones.

Dismantling work plan

Before disassembling the old wiring, it is necessary to think over the route of laying the new one, taking into account possible changes in the location of sockets and lighting fixtures. Then the locations for future installation of distribution boxes are determined. IN new scheme It is also necessary to take into account the laying of low-current telephony, Internet and alarm cables.
If you plan to remove the chandelier or spotlights from the ceiling, the need for special tool– drills, grinders, stepladders, etc. 5. Dismantling electrical wires

To dismantle electrical wiring quickly and efficiently, you need to take into account design features room walls and future scheme laying wires.

If the wire is in the plaster brick walls, then to reduce labor costs it is enough to first dismantle the socket or switch, grab the free ends with pliers and pull them firmly but gently. It is possible that the wire will come out of the wall along with the plaster and leave a finished groove in it. This will save you from gating walls during installation in places where the location of switches and sockets will not change.

When the wire is under the sheet of drywall covering the wall, you need to tie a new one to the free ends of the old one. By determining the location of the second end of the old wiring and pulling it, you can very quickly and accurately replace the entire section.

In those places where the old wires cannot be removed from the wall and they do not interfere with the installation of new wiring, you can insulate the old ends and wall them up in the wall.

Removing sockets and switches

In case of replacement of electrical fittings, it is necessary to dismantle sockets, switches and junction boxes. Having disconnected the wires, remove the switches and sockets from the installation box. If according to the new scheme distribution boxes and switches with sockets will be located in the same place on the wall, the box bodies must be removed from the wall as carefully as possible. This will allow you to use the old location to install the new box.

Dismantling of chandeliers and lamps

Dismantling lamps at height requires special measures to ensure occupational safety. Before dismantling ceiling lamps, you need to check the serviceability and reliability of the step ladder. In the absence of a ladder, you can use an adapted stand from a table, bedside table or cabinet, after first making sure that the design used is reliable.

Depending on the design and weight, dismantling the chandelier sometimes requires the participation of assistants. Sometimes such assistance may be required when dismantling large lamps with fluorescent lamps.

When dismantling spotlights, you need to be very careful and attentive. Stretch ceiling is a rather fragile structure. Carelessness or haste can lead to damage to the edge of the ceiling opening, which is very difficult to repair. The presence of strong springs in the bracket design requires measured and confident movements. The step-by-step procedure looks something like this:

• Remove the lamp from the housing
• Use a screwdriver to pry up the bottom rim and slowly pry it out to create a gap.
• Place your fingers into the resulting gap and, feeling for the spring latches, gently press them
• Take your time to remove the lamp from the groove
• Disconnect lead wires

When removing LED lamps from a sheet of plasterboard, you also need to be careful not to damage the edges of the installation hole.

Dismantling the electrical panel and electricity meter

Dismantling the electrical equipment of the panel does not present any difficulties. They are disconnected, and if replacement is not provided, all wires are marked. Depending on the design of the shield, circuit breakers, protection, starters, etc. are unscrewed or removed from the DIN rail.

Everything is very simple, if the electricity meter does not change, this special device electricity consumption metering. Unauthorized dismantling is a fact of illegal interference in the operation of accounting systems and is not encouraged by law. In addition to the factory seal, during installation it is sealed with the seal of the corresponding providing organization. The integrity of the seal must be checked by inspectors simultaneously with the readings being taken. The seals are specially placed in such a way as to prevent penetration under the cover and to exclude the possibility of the consumer reducing the reading of the meter.

Unauthorized violation of the seal is interpreted as the fault of the consumer, with the imposition of a fine and recalculation of payment for electricity.

If you need or want to change the meter, you must call a power sales representative. The report drawn up by him will contain information about the latest readings, the presence of unbroken seals and the removal of seals by him in accordance with the consumer’s statement. The act is an approval for removal and an order for replacement. If you have the act in hand, you can begin dismantling work.

When renovating an apartment, it may be necessary to replace the electrical system. Preparatory stage is the dismantling of wires and sockets in the kitchen and rooms. Study the wiring diagram to easily locate the wire in the wall and disassemble the electrical panel.

Electrical wiring in residential premises gradually deteriorates. Some problems may indicate the need to replace the wiring:

• non-working sockets, and they can fail one by one;
• increased fragility of aluminum wires, which can be noticed when replacing lamps or switches;
• the presence of sparks when turning on and using various electrical appliances;
• unpleasant smell of burning plastic.

It is worth replacing the electrical wiring in an apartment after 10–20 years of its operation.

In all cases, replacement involves removing the old wiring.

Dismantling tools

Set for dismantling electrical wiring terminals and other elements electrical system comprises:

• screwdrivers different sizes: flat and cross-shaped;
• pliers;
• electrical tape;
• indicator screwdriver (multimeter);
• grinders and hammer drills;
• flashlight;
• rubberized gloves;
• hidden wiring detector.

Dismantling procedure

Before work, be sure to turn off the power in the house or apartment.

Lighting wires

It is not necessary to dismantle the old wiring as the first step. First, you can install new wires. They can be pulled through the cavity of the slabs. To do this, find a junction box, which may be near the door or in the corner of the room.

Open it, unroll all the twists and determine which wires go to the lighting sources. If they run along the ceiling, new wiring can be attached to them.

If this is not possible, then the junction boxes are dismantled, and all hidden wires isolated and left in the wall. The places where these boxes were located are sealed with plaster. You can remove the old cable in the wall later.

If the wires are in the kitchen, the separation may go into the hallway or bathroom, depending on the location of the rooms.

Removing the electrical panel

Before starting work, you need to prepare a kit for dismantling electrical wiring terminals and check whether the electricity in the apartment has been turned off. After this, you can proceed directly to action:

• after a power outage in the bathroom or kitchen, the voltage on the panel is checked separately. To do this, you can take an indicator screwdriver. If you attach it to the upper terminals, then regardless of the location of the machines, it should light up on phase, but not on zero. The indicator on the lower terminals should not light up when the machines are turned off;
• you need to unscrew the clamps on the lower terminals, and then remove the wire strands from them. Similar work must also be done on traffic jams, that is, protection devices;
• after that, remove the fasteners that held the electrical panel and the panel itself;
• Carefully inspect the insulation of the wires behind the shield and, if necessary, restore it.

Sockets and switches

Removal of sockets and switches is carried out in the following sequence:

• remove the device;
• remove the installation box;
• cover up the resulting hole mortar. You can use plaster or gypsum;
• After a day you can glue the wallpaper.

If similar electric installation work are held at plasterboard wall, then from a similar material you need to cut a piece slightly larger than the hole itself. It needs to be glued to the wall and additionally screwed with self-tapping screws.

After this you can delete hidden electrical wiring, since finding it in this case will be much easier.

Chandeliers and lamps

The process of dismantling chandeliers and lamps is as follows:

• de-energize the device - turn off the circuit breakers and RCDs;
• remove the chandelier from the mounting strip or hook. Before that you need to check again indicator screwdriver, is there voltage? Disconnect the wires from the chandelier;
• After removing the lamp, the wires must be insulated to avoid electric shock.

Disassembling the electricity meter

Before dismantling the electricity meter, you must obtain permits. Equipment disassembly is done in the following sequence:

• de-energize the meter by turning off the switch. Check for voltage;
• disconnect the wires from the clamps, first remembering their location. For convenience, you can mark them with a marker;
• pull the counter down and then forward to remove it from the bar.

Important nuances

If dismantling electrical wiring It is performed in a residential apartment or in a house; it is impossible to leave the premises completely without electricity. Exit from this provision can be done as follows:

• do not dismantle one or two socket chains and the corresponding bags;
• execute complete dismantling electrical wiring, but make temporary wires - temporary wires coming from old or already installed machines. They are being made open method, while all cables are protected. There are safety requirements for temporary sheds: the use of a step-down transformer from 36 V is allowed. The location of power sockets is possible only in power panels, and it is better to use extension cords to power tools.

Not all electrical work can be done independently.

The wiring replacement process can be divided into 5 main stages:

• Departure of a specialist. Our employee will arrive at the site strictly at the pre-agreed time. Wiring points are diagnosed on site and options for upgrading the system are determined taking into account the client’s wishes. Based on the information received, an electrical project is created indicating sockets, connecting electrical appliances, etc.
• Preparation of documentation. At this stage, a full estimate is drawn up and the final cost of replacing the wiring in the apartment is determined. If necessary, our specialists will prepare a package of accompanying documentation for approval of changes by Rostechnadzor.
• Purchase of materials. Our specialist will draw up a list of materials and give recommendations on their purchase. A more convenient option for our clients is that we purchase everything we need ourselves.
• Removing old wiring. Replacing wiring in a house involves dismantling old wire routes, junction boxes, sockets and socket boxes, and disconnecting electrical equipment. As a result, only the input machine remains, to which the new wiring will be connected.
• Electrical installation. We carry out wiring in all rooms, electrical panels with automatic switches. Low-current lines are being created to connect the Internet, TV cables, alarm and telephone. When replacing wiring in a private house, grounding is also created.

The cost of replacing electrical wiring in an apartment and house

We have developed for you convenient calculator cost of work and materials. With its help, you can independently estimate how much you will spend on the work you have chosen and the materials necessary for this.

1. First you need to choose the material from which the walls of your apartment are made. Hover your mouse over the corresponding window and click on it.
2. Then decide on the total area of ​​the premises in which the work is expected to be carried out. In the “Room quadrature” form, click on the + or – buttons to enter total area premises in which work is to be carried out. You can also enter manually using the keyboard.
3. Select in the appropriate fields the number of different sockets you want to install. Think about the kitchen. How many electrical appliances do you have in your household (refrigerator, microwave, Dishwasher etc.).
4. Enter the quantity in the same way lighting fixtures to be installed. Enter the number of switches that will turn them on.
5. Check or uncheck the boxes “Bell”, “Sign in the entrance”, “Sign in the room” in accordance with your choice.
6. When you hover your mouse over the question mark next to each form field, you will see a tooltip.
7. When you have finished entering, click on the “Calculate cost” button. By clicking this button, you will receive a “List of Works”, “List of Materials” and their cost. The amount of the discount provided will also be reflected.

Work and materials cost calculator

List of materials

• LEGRAND sockets (France).
• Decorative frames LEGRAND (France).
• LEGRAND switches (France).
• Socket boxes and distribution boxes from HOGEL.
• Modern, high-quality, meeting all standards, non-flammable copper wire VVG NG Ls or NYM of the required cross-section depending on the load.
• Corrugated PVC pipe complete with fastenings as needed.
• Modern high-quality cable for satellite television from CAVEL (Italy) SAT 703.
• TV sockets LEGRAND (France).
• Modern cable channels in colors agreed with the customer, either a metal hose with additional internal HDPE insulation, or metal pipes.
• Internet sockets LEGRAND (France).
• Splitter (crab) for satellite television.
• Modern high-quality shielded FTP 5e cable (twisted pair).
• Modern automation with multi-level protection from ABB (Germany). Circuit breakers, RCDs (device protective shutdown), differential automata.
• Modern, space-appropriate, compact electrical panel.
• Consumables: diamond discs, metal discs, drills, terminal blocks, electrical tape, dowel-nails, tires, light bulbs and cartridges.
• Alabaster and Rothband.

List of works

• Grilling and cutting walls according to modern technologies for wires, socket boxes and distribution boxes.
• Installation of cable channels in compliance with aesthetics appearance, or installation of open RETRO wires with an external method of installing electrical wiring. Installation of wires in a modern high-quality metal hose with additional internal HDPE insulation, or installation in metal pipes at internal way installation of electrical wiring.
  Lining of wall passages.
• Chasing and cutting walls using modern technologies for wires, electrical outlets and distribution boxes.
• Chasing and cutting walls using modern technologies for wires, electrical outlets and distribution boxes.
• Laying wires in a groove and, if necessary, in a corrugated one pvc pipe with clip fastening.
• Installation of socket boxes.
• Installation of sockets.
• Checking the system's functionality.
• Installation of TV sockets.
• Installation of Internet or telephone sockets.
• Installation of switches.
• Installation of light bulb sockets.
• Installation of modern reliable multi-level automation (RCD, Differential circuit breakers, Protection circuit breakers).
• Chipping and cutting a niche under switch box. Installation of internal electrical panel.
• Installation of a specialized grounding kit from leading modern manufacturers.