Geographical position and coordinates of Khabarovsk. Interesting facts about the city. Geographical position and zoning of the Khabarovsk Territory. Physical and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory Ready-made works on a similar topic

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The Khabarovsk Territory is one of the largest administrative-territorial entities of the Russian Federation, located in the central part of the Russian Far East. The territory of the region extends from south to north for 1,800 km, from west to east - for 125-750 km.

The distance from the administrative center to Moscow by rail is 8,533 km, and by air - 6,075 km.

The total population of the region is 1.9 million people, the average density - 2.2 people / sq. km - one of the lowest among all subjects of the Federation.

Khabarovsk is the main and largest city in the Khabarovsk Territory.

The distribution of the population over the territory of the region is extremely uneven: the southern part is most densely populated (Bikinsky district - 11.8 people / km2), the least densely populated is the northern part (Ayano-Maysky district - 0.03 people / km2). 78% of the population lives in cities and 22% in rural areas.

At present, the Khabarovsk Territory includes 236 municipalities: 29 urban settlements, 188 rural settlements, 2 urban districts (Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur), 17 municipal districts.

The largest cities:

Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Amursk, Sovetskaya Gavan, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur.

Industry plays a leading role in the region's economy (60% of the total regional product). The region produces 22% of the industrial output of the entire Far East and 1.2% of the industrial output of Russia. The main industries are mechanical engineering and metalworking, the food industry, the forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, and the building materials industry.

The share of forest products in the total industrial output of the region is estimated at 3%. The Khabarovsk Territory produces 44% of all commercial wood harvested in the Far East, 35% of sawn timber, 63% of cellulose, 44% of chipboard, 65% of cardboard.

The main enterprises of the complex are concentrated in its southern and central parts and gravitate towards the railway transport routes and the sea coast.

At the same time, over the past 10 years, the timber complex of the region has experienced a serious decline: the volume of timber exports has decreased by 3.5 times, the production of sawn timber - by 11 times, wood-based panels - by 8 times. The structure of timber industry production of the region is characterized by an extremely low level of processing of wood raw materials. Industrial roundwood (sawlogs, veneer logs and pulpwood) is almost entirely exported. This puts the economy of the timber complex in complete dependence on the price environment in foreign markets, and, above all, in Japan.

The region is washed by the waters of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan (Tatar Strait). The length of the coastline (including the islands, the largest of which are Shantar) is 3390 kilometers.

On the coast of the Tatar Strait, water areas convenient for the construction of ports are distinguished - Chikhachev Bay, Vanino Bay, and especially - a unique complex of deep-water, well-protected and extensive bays that form Sovetskaya Gavan Bay. This bay, as well as the neighboring Vanino Bay, are accessible to ships in winter.

The region is characterized by a well-developed river network. Most of it belongs to the Pacific Ocean basin (rivers of the Amur basin), a smaller part - to the Arctic Ocean basin (rivers of the Lena basin).

The territory of the region in the north is 430 km away from the Arctic Circle, and the southern tip is located on a parallel passing north of Hokkaido and the American city of Portland and slightly south of Rostov-on-Don.

The Khabarovsk Territory has common borders with all administrative units of the Far East, or at least exits to them. In the West, it borders on the Amur Region, in the northwest, on the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the north - on the Magadan Region, in the east, on the Sakhalin Region, from which it is separated by the waters of the Tatar Strait, the Nevelsky Strait and the Amur Estuary, in the south - with Primorsky Krai and in the southwest - with the People's Republic of China. The border with China runs along the Ussuri River, the channels of Kazakevichevo, then along the Amur. Its length is hundreds of kilometers. The border of the Khabarovsk Territory has access to the Pacific Ocean through the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Through the main seaport of the Khabarovsk Territory, Vanino, transport and economic relations are carried out with the Magadan and Sakhalin regions. The economic and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory is very peculiar. On the one hand, this is the region most separated from the center of Russia, with which connections are very difficult: the Trans-Siberian Railway remains the only land route so far, on the other hand, it is Russia's access to the Pacific Ocean, to the rapidly developing Asia-Pacific region, where over half of the world's population.

Geography materials:

Methods for studying recreational potential
To determine the possibilities of the territory in the development of recreation, it is necessary to assess the recreational potential of this territory. As a rule, the assessment of recreational resources is always carried out according to several blocks of parameters. These parameters are different for the main types of recreational activities. T...

Athabaskan
Unlike the inhabitants of the coast, who had their own rich natural resources, representatives of the peoples of the Athabaskan language group lived in the more severe conditions of the Arctic and subarctic in the north of the continent. This vast expanse had extremely poor natural conditions, and people had to...

mountain landscapes
The mountain landscapes of the Subarctic combine the mountain-tundra belt and the belt of cold stony deserts of the Byrranga mountains, the Anabar massif and the Putorana plateau. The Byrranga Mountains represent a system of low (up to 1000 m) parallel ridges and plateau-like massifs, separated by longitudinal, transverse river valleys...

annotation

In the course work “Economic and geographical characteristics

Khabarovsk Territory ”I reviewed a comprehensive assessment

edges in all its diversity and from different angles. The economic

geographical position of the region (profitability of the EGP), given the economic

assessment of natural conditions and resources (TSPR), reviewed

demographic situation and labor resources of the region (the coefficient

correlation), an assessment of the economic activity was carried out (the coefficient

specialization, a diagram of the energy production cycle was drawn up) and

transport (characteristics of individual modes of transport, calculation

density of transport routes) of the region's complexes, analyzed

environmental problems of the Khabarovsk Territory (the level of impact is calculated

each individual city on the natural environment). The purpose of this work

is the consideration of the Khabarovsk Territory as a structural unit of TOPS

countries with natural resources, demographic and

economic potential.

Pages 52

Tables 11

Pictures 6

Bibliographic sources 13

Introduction…………………………………………………………………..1

1. Economic and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory……….7

2. Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources……….…11

3. Population and labor resources……………………………………..17

4. Economic complex of the Khabarovsk Territory……………………..21

5. Transport complex of the Khabarovsk Territory…………………………37

6. Environmental problems of the Khabarovsk Territory……………………..42

Conclusion.

Bibliographic list.

Introduction

Khabarovsk Krai is located in the Far East of the Russian Federation. In the West and in the north, the Khabarovsk Territory borders on the subjects of the Russian Federation - the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Amur Region, the Republic of Sakha and the Magadan Region. The eastern border of the region passes through the territory of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan, separating the water possessions of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Sakhalin Region. To the south of the region are Primorsky Krai and the People's Republic of China. The Khabarovsk Territory is part of the Far Eastern Economic Region.

The territory of the region occupies 4.6% of the area of ​​Russia. More than half of the region's area is occupied by plateaus and mountains reaching 2500 m in some places. A well-developed river network allows the use and development of river navigation, and hundreds and thousands of lakes of the region are rich sources of fish. The climate in the region is temperate, monsoonal, the average temperature in summer does not exceed +24 ° C in the southern part of the region and +15 ° C in the north, in winter - -23 ° C in the south and -40 ° C, on the coast: -18 ° C and -24 o C, respectively. Annual precipitation is 400 - 600 mm in the north and 600 - 800 mm in the south, in the mountains this figure sometimes reaches 1000 mm.

The Khabarovsk Territory includes 17 administrative districts and two cities of regional subordination: Khabarovsk (with a population slightly exceeding 612 thousand people) and Komsomolsk-on-Amur (about 298.5 thousand people). In general, there are 7 cities, 27 urban-type settlements and 186 rural administrations in the region. More than 1571 thousand people live in the region, about 81% of whom are urban residents.

Khabarovsk Krai is located in the south of the Russian Far East. There are two most important factors that determine the position of the Khabarovsk Territory in the system of Russian regions. First of all, the special economic and geographical position of the region.

The second factor is a powerful resource potential. The Khabarovsk Territory is one of the richest regions of Russia. This gives him the opportunity to occupy an important place in the country's economy in a number of raw material positions.

Land, water and air routes pass through the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, connecting the interior regions of Russia with the Pacific ports, and the countries of the CIS and Western Europe with the states of the Asia-Pacific region.

The purpose of this work is to consider the Khabarovsk Territory as a structural unit of the country's TOPS, which has a natural resource, demographic and economic potential.

The task of the study is to show the current state of the natural, social and sectoral components of the region's economy.

1. Economic and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory.

The Khabarovsk Territory is located in the Far East of the Russian Federation on the territory of 788.6 thousand km 2 (4.6% of the area of ​​Russia). The distance from the regional center Khabarovsk to Moscow is 8533 km. The total population of the region is 1.9 million people, the average density - 2.2 people / km2 - one of the lowest among all subjects of the Federation.

Khabarovsk is the main and largest city in the Khabarovsk Territory. Founded in 1858 as a military post Khabarovka (named after the Russian explorer E. P. Khabarov). Since 1880 - the city of Khabarovka, the administrative center of the Primorsky region, since 1884 - the Amur Governor-General. In 1893 the city was renamed Khabarovsk. In 1872 a river port was built in Khabarovsk. The first elementary school was opened in 1873. In 1897 Khabarovsk was connected by railway with Vladivostok. At the end of the XIX century. in Khabarovsk there was a stone Orthodox cathedral, 3 Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, 11 schools, including a real one, a cadet corps, a technical railway, a women's gymnasium, etc. Furs were traded. There was a steam mill and several brick factories. In 1891, a monument was unveiled to Count N. N. Muravyov-Amursky, the governor-general of Eastern Siberia (he led expeditions along the Amur in 1850-55). In 1894, the Amur (Khabarovsk) department of the Russian Geographical Society was established with a museum and a library. In 1902, the Arsenal military plant (now Daldiesel) was founded in Khabarovsk. In 1908 the base of the Amur Flotilla was created. At the beginning of the XX century. Khabarovsk is a large shopping center of the Far East. In 1916, a railway bridge was built across the Amur, connecting Khabarovsk by rail with Eastern Siberia. In November 1922, Khabarovsk, as part of the Far Eastern Republic (FER), became part of the RSFSR. Since 1926 - the center of the Far East, since 1938 - the Khabarovsk Territory. In 1940 it was connected by railway through the Volochaevka station with Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

The distribution of the population over the territory of the region is extremely uneven: the southern part is most densely populated (Bikinsky district - 11.8 people / km2), the least densely populated is the northern part (Ayano-Maysky district - 0.03 people / km2).

78% of the population lives in cities and 22% in rural areas. There are 7 cities on the territory of the region, among the largest are Khabarovsk (612 thousand), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (315 thousand), Amursk (60 thousand), Nikolaevsk-on-Amur (37 thousand)

Representatives of about 100 nationalities live in the region: Russians (86%), Ukrainians (6.2%), Belarusians (1.1%), Tatars (1.0%), Jews (0.8%), Koreans (0. 5%) and others.

The number of able-bodied population employed in the forest complex is 22.2 thousand people or 4.6%.

Industry plays a leading role in the region's economy (60% of the total regional product). The region produces 22% of the industrial output of the entire Far East and 1.2% of the industrial output of Russia. The main industries are mechanical engineering and metalworking, the food industry, the forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, and the building materials industry.

The share of forest complex products in the total volume of industrial production of the region is estimated at 3%, which approximately corresponds to the same indicator among other richly forested regions of Russia. The Khabarovsk Territory produces 44% of all commercial wood harvested in the Far East, 35% of sawn timber, 63% of cellulose, 44% of chipboard, 65% of cardboard.

The main enterprises of the complex are concentrated in its southern and central parts and gravitate towards the railway transport routes and the sea coast.

At the same time, over the past 10 years, the timber complex of the region has experienced a serious decline: the volume of timber exports has decreased by 3.5 times, the production of sawn timber - by 11 times, wood-based panels - by 8 times. The structure of timber industry production of the region is characterized by an extremely low level of processing of wood raw materials. Industrial roundwood (sawlogs, veneer logs and pulpwood) is almost entirely exported. This puts the economy of the timber complex in complete dependence on the price environment in foreign markets, and, above all, in Japan.

Khabarovsk Krai is one of the largest regions of the Russian Federation. Its area is 12.7 percent - the Far East economic region. The territory of the region stretches from north to south for almost 1800 kilometers and from west to east for 125 - 750 kilometers. The distance from its center to Moscow by rail is 8533 km, by air - 6075 km. The region is washed by the waters of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan (Tatar Strait). The length of the coastline (including islands, the largest of which

Shantar) - 3390 kilometers.

On the coast of the Tatar Strait, water areas convenient for the construction of ports are distinguished - Chikhachev Bay, Vanino Bay, and especially - a unique complex of deep-water, well-protected and extensive bays that form Sovetskaya Gavan Bay. This bay, as well as the neighboring Vanino Bay, are also accessible to ships in winter. The region is characterized by a well-developed river network. Most of it belongs to the Pacific Ocean basin (rivers of the Amur basin), a smaller part - to the Arctic Ocean basin (rivers of the Lena basin). The territory of the region in the north is 430 km away from the Arctic Circle, and the southern tip is located on a parallel passing north of Hokkaido and the American city of Portland and slightly south of Rostov-on-Don.

The Khabarovsk Territory has common borders with all administrative units of the Far East, or at least exits to them. In the West, it borders on the Amur Region, in the north-west, on the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the north - on the Magadan Region, in the east - on the Sakhalin Region, from which it is separated by the waters of the Tatar Strait, the Nevelsky Strait and the Amur Estuary, in the south - with Primorsky Krai and in the south-west - with the People's Republic of China. The border with China runs along the Ussuri River, the channels of Kazakevichevo, then along the Amur. Its length is hundreds of kilometers. The border of the Khabarovsk Territory has access to the Pacific Ocean through the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Through the main seaport of the Khabarovsk Territory, Vanino, transport and economic relations are carried out with the Magadan and Sakhalin regions. The economic and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory is very peculiar. On the one hand, this is the region most separated from the center of Russia, with which communications are very difficult: the Trans-Siberian Railway remains the only land route so far, on the other hand, it is Russia's access to the Pacific Ocean, to the rapidly developing Asia-Pacific region, where over half of the world's population. Relations between the countries of this region are now strengthening, and it is undesirable for Russia to remain aloof from this.

- Subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Far Eastern Federal District.

Square- 788.6 thousand sq. km.
Length: From south to north for 1,800 km. From west to east - 125-750 km.

Population- 1401.9 thousand people (2009 data)
Population density - 1.8 people. per 1 sq. km.
The share of the urban population is 80.6%, rural - 19.4%.

Administrative center- Khabarovsk.

Geographical position.
The Khabarovsk Territory is located in the center of the Russian Far East. Mountain relief prevails on the territory of the region (over 70% of the territory). About three quarters of the region's territory is occupied by mountains and plateaus with heights from 500 to 2500 meters. The main mountain ranges - Sikhote-Alin, Coastal, Dzhugdzhur - in the east; Turana, Bureinsky, Badzhalsky, Yam-Alin - in the southwest; Yudomsky, Suntar-Khayata (with the highest point of Mount Beryl - 2933 m) - in the north. The Yudomo-Maya Upland is located in the northwest.

The largest flat area is the heavily swampy Middle Amur Plain located on both sides of the Amur. The most extensive lowlands are also the Nizhneamurskaya, Evoron-Tugurskaya - in the south and in the central part, and the Okhotsk - in the north.

Land, water and air routes pass through the territory of the region, connecting the interior regions of Russia with the Pacific ports, and the countries of the CIS and Western Europe with the states of the Asia-Pacific region.

In addition to the main, continental part, the region includes some islands, including the largest - Shantar. The total length of the coastline is about 2,500 km, including the islands - 3,390 km.
From the northeast and east, the region is washed by the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, from the southeast - by the Sea of ​​Japan. It is separated from Sakhalin Island by the Tatarsky and Nevelsky straits.
The territory of the region in the north is 430 km away from the Arctic Circle.

Borders:
In the north - with the Magadan Region and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
In the southwest - with the Jewish Autonomous Region.
In the west - with the Amur region.
In the south - with the People's Republic of China and Primorsky Krai.

Climate.
The climate is moderately monsoonal. Spring in most of the territory begins in early March and is characterized by a long duration and instability of temperatures. Summer in almost the entire territory, with the exception of the coastal-marine areas, is hot and humid, since in July - early August tropical air masses, characterized by high humidity, penetrate into the southern regions of the region. Warm, dry weather sets in at the beginning of autumn. Winter is characterized by sunny, little snow weather with severe frosts, often accompanied by winds. On the coast, frosts are somewhat weaker.

Climatic conditions change when moving from north to south and also depend on the proximity to the sea, the shape and nature of the relief. These changes are very significant.
The average temperature in January varies in continental regions from -22 degrees Celsius in the south to -40 degrees Celsius in the north. On the coast - from -18 degrees Celsius to -24 degrees Celsius. The absolute minimum temperature even in the south of the region reaches -50 degrees Celsius. The average July temperature in the south is +20 degrees Celsius, in the north - +15 degrees Celsius.
The growing season (with temperatures of 5 degrees C and above) is from 170 - 177 days in the southern regions, up to 130 days - in the north.

The annual amount of precipitation ranges from 400-600 mm in the north to 600-800 mm on the plains and eastern slopes of the ridges and more than 1000 mm in the mountains. In the south of the region, up to 90% of precipitation falls from April to October, especially in July and August.
Permafrost rocks are widespread in the north.

Water resources.
The region is washed by the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan.
There are about 210 thousand rivers in the Khabarovsk Territory with a total length of approximately 584 thousand km. About half of the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory is drained by tributaries of the Amur, one of the largest rivers in Russia. Its total length is 4440 km, including more than 1500 km on the territory of the region. It carries a huge mass of water over the edge, pouring below the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk an average of 346 cubic meters per year. km.

The largest tributaries of the Amur within the Khabarovsk Territory are the Ussuri, Bureya, Amgun, Bikin, Goryun, Anyui, Tunguska. The vast territory in the north of the region belongs to the basin of the Lena River (Maya River, Uchur and others)
Also on the territory of the region are the rivers of the basin of the Sea of ​​Japan - Koppi and Tumnin and the basin of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bOkhotsk - Tugur, Uda, Ulya, Urak, Okhota, Inya. The rivers of the Amur region are fed mainly by monsoon rains; near the rivers flowing into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, snow feeding prevails and floods occur in the spring.

There are over 58 thousand lakes in the region. There are lakes located in the Amur basin: Bolon, Chukchagirskoye, Khummi, Bolshoi Kizi, Udyl, Orel, Chlya, Evoron.

Vegetable world.
The Khabarovsk Territory has a powerful natural forest potential. The area of ​​the forest fund of the region, according to data as of 01.01.2009, is 73.7 million hectares (93.6% of the territory of the region), of which 57.9 million hectares (78.6% of the forest fund) fall on forest lands, in including forested land 51.3 million hectares (69.5%).

Forests are extremely diverse in composition and include representatives of the Far Eastern (Amur), Okhotsk-Kamchatka and East Siberian floristic regions. Based on 1 hectare of forested area, the reserves vary from 40-70 cubic meters. meters in the light coniferous forests of the Okhotsk coast (north of the region) to 150-160 in the cedar-deciduous forests in the south. Coniferous forests are predominant, which occupy more than 84% of the area covered by the main forest-forming species and more than 88% of their total stock: in the north, northwest and east, light coniferous forests from Dahurian larch (the main species) and dark coniferous forests with a predominance of Ayan spruce and white fir (the southern part of the Okhotsk coast, the lower reaches of the Amur, Sikhote-Alin, the basins of the rivers Amguni, Burei, Mai). In the south of the region and in the Middle Amur Lowland there are mixed cedar-broad-leaved forests (Korean cedar, Manchurian ash, maples, elm, Mongolian oak, Manchurian walnut, Amur velvet, several types of birches, lindens, etc.). Grow in the forests
personal species of vines (Amur grapes, magnolia vine, actinidia). There are many sedge-reed meadows, floodplain and upland meadows in the region. In the upper part of the mountains there is tundra with thickets of elfin cedar.

Animal world.
The fauna is characterized by a combination of elements of the fauna of the northern and southern regions. In the zone of coniferous forests live ungulates (elk, red deer, wild boar, roe deer, musk deer), fur (sable, Siberian weasel, fox, squirrel, muskrat, otter, brown bear, wolf, etc.), rodents (squirrel, chipmunk, etc.) , in the far north - reindeer, ermine, wolverine. In the forests of the region there are lynx, black (Himalayan) bear and Ussuri tiger, the American mink has successfully acclimatized. Red deer, roe deer, East Asian wild boar, Manchurian hare, and others are found in mixed forests.

Of the birds, the following are common: black grouse, Ussuri pheasant, Indian cuckoo, blue flycatcher, stone and gray thrushes, etc .; many waterfowl.
There are more than 100 species of fish in rivers and lakes, including sturgeon: Amur pike, grass carp, sturgeon, chebak, silver carp, grayling, catfish, taimen, lenok, bream, carp, burbot, etc. In coastal sea waters - Pacific herring , flounder, smelt, halibut, cod, pollock, saffron cod, mackerel; from the passage - chum salmon, pink salmon; from marine animals - seal, sea lion, white whale.

Minerals.
There are 360 ​​gold deposits registered on the territory of the region; The mining industry accounts for 23.6% of gold production in the Far East region and 8.6% of the total Russian volume. In terms of gold mining, the region ranks fifth in the Russian Federation, and second in terms of platinum mining.
There are deposits of hard and brown coal. In the region, the Adnikanskoye hydrocarbon deposit was discovered within the Verkhnebureinskaya depression.

The preliminary estimate of oil and gas resources is 500 million tons. There are seven large tin-ore regions. Deposits of thermal and drinking mineral waters have been explored and exploited.

What are the geographic coordinates of Khabarovsk? Where is this city located? Why is it interesting and unique? Our article will tell about all this.

Khabarovsk: geographical position of the city

Khabarovsk is one of the largest cities in the Asian part of Russia. It was founded in the middle of the 19th century as a military outpost, however, over time it grew and became an important economic center and transport hub of the Far East.

The city is located within the Middle Amur lowland (in its southern part), not far from the state border with China. By the way, to see the Celestial Empire from here, you just need to climb the high right bank of the Amur. Khabarovsk covers an area of ​​37 thousand hectares. The average width of the city is ten kilometers.

Khabarovsk is characterized by a moderate monsoon type of climate. Summers are short and wet, while winters are snowy and rather cold. The average temperatures of the coldest month of the year (January) reach 20 degrees with a minus sign. About 700 mm of atmospheric precipitation falls in Khabarovsk annually. An amazing fact: the number of sunny days a year in Khabarovsk is about 300, which is three times more than in St. Petersburg, and four times more than in Moscow.

Khabarovsk: 8 interesting facts

• This is one of the most multinational cities in Russia (representatives of 32 peoples and ethnic groups live in it).
• Over the past decade, Khabarovsk has been recognized three times as the most comfortable city in the country.
• The banknote of 5,000 rubles depicts a monument to Muravyov-Amursky, which is located precisely in Khabarovsk.
• there is the longest bridge in Russia (its length is 2.6 km).
• In terms of area, the city is one of the five largest in the country.
• Khabarovsk is located just 17 kilometers from the Chinese border.
• In 2010, the authoritative Forbes magazine put Khabarovsk in second place in terms of the comfort of doing business among Russian cities.
• There are four consulates of foreign countries in Khabarovsk: China, Japan, North Korea and Belarus.

The exact coordinates of Khabarovsk

Finding out where this or that settlement is located is impossible without knowing its exact coordinates. The table below contains all the necessary information to determine the geographical location of the city of Khabarovsk.

Thus, the city of Khabarovsk is located in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth, in the tenth time zone (UTC+10). The time difference with Moscow is 7 hours. The distance from Khabarovsk to the Russian capital is approximately 6,000 km by air and 8,500 km by rail.

Khabarovsk Territory was formed in 1938. It is one of the largest subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of size. The area of ​​its territory is 787.6 thousand square meters. km, or 4.6 percent of the territory of Russia (4th place in the Russian Federation) and 12.7 percent of the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District (hereinafter also referred to as the FEFD) (2nd place in the FEFD).

As of January 01, 2008, the region's population was 1,403.7 thousand people (0.99% of the population of the Russian Federation, 21.6% in the Far Eastern Federal District). In terms of population, the region ranks second in the Far Eastern Federal District and 34th in the Russian Federation.

The Khabarovsk Territory is the administrative, industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of the Far East and is part of the Far Eastern Federal District.

The distance to Moscow by rail is 8,533 km, by air - 6,075 km.

The Khabarovsk Territory lies in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, stretching from south to north for 1,780 km, from west to east - for 125 - 750 km. It borders on China, neighbors with Primorsky Krai, Amur and Magadan regions, the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The region is washed by the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan from the east, the Tatar and Nevelsky straits are separated from the island. Sakhalin, the length of its coastline is 2.5 thousand km.

The administrative-territorial system of the region includes 236 municipalities, including two urban districts, 17 municipal districts, 29 urban settlements, 188 rural settlements.

The largest cities are the administrative capital of the region, Khabarovsk (577.3 thousand inhabitants, 2nd place in the Far Eastern Federal District), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (272.4 thousand inhabitants, 3rd place in the Far Eastern Federal District).

Most of the region's territory is occupied by mountains that form the Sikhote-Alin, Dzhugdzhur, and Badzhal mountain ranges. The maximum height is 2,933 m. There are about 1.5 thousand large, medium and small rivers in the region, including one of the largest rivers in Russia - the Amur, many large and small lakes.

About 100 species of fish are found in rivers and lakes. The fauna of the Khabarovsk Territory includes 70 species of mammals and more than 360 species of birds. More than 51.2 million hectares are occupied by forests in the region.

The climate of the Khabarovsk Territory is continental with well-defined monsoonal features. Winter is long and severe, dry and sunny. The average air temperature in January ranges from -22ºС in the south to -40ºС in the north; on the coast from -18 to -24ºС. Summers are warm and humid, the average July temperature in the south is +22ºС, in the north +14ºС. The duration of the frost-free period in the south of the region is 130 - 150 days, in the central and northern regions from 90 to 130 days. The annual amount of precipitation ranges from 400 mm in the north to 800 mm in the plains.

The tourist and recreational potential of the region is due to the favorable geographical location of the region, its economic development, high concentration and diversity of natural resources, rich cultural and historical heritage.

The territory of the region is unique in the abundance of unusual landforms, rivers, lakes, a combination of rare species of plants and animals and their communities, as well as untouched natural landscape. About 250 natural monuments are located on the territory of the region. The Amur River is one of the main attractions of the region, in the valley of which the largest number of natural, cultural and historical tourist sites are concentrated.

There are more than 360 monuments of cultural heritage in the region, which are of interest for the development of cultural, educational, ethnographic tourism. Khabarovsk Krai is one of the most multinational regions in Russia. A special ethnographic area is formed by the indigenous peoples of the North: Nanais, Udeges, Ulchis, Orochs, Evenks, Nivkhs and others. Among the objects of ethnographic tourism, the most interesting is the unique archaeological monument "Petroglyphs of Sikachi-Alyan" (rock paintings of ancient inhabitants dating back to the 12th millennium BC).

Mineral resource base

The mineral resource potential is one of the main competitive advantages of the region.

The share of the reserves of the main types of minerals in the Khabarovsk Territory in the mineral resource potential of the Far Eastern Federal District is 50 percent for platinum, 8 percent for gold, 20 percent for tin, 50 percent for copper, and 7.5 percent for coal. .

There are significant reserves of non-ferrous, rare metals and building materials. Deposits of agrochemical raw materials, colored stones, mineral underground waters, therapeutic mud and mineral paints have also been identified.

Areas promising for tungsten, platinum group minerals, oil and gas have been identified in the region.

At the same time, the poor geological knowledge of the territory of the region should be noted. A geological survey at a scale of 1:50,000, at the stage of which most deposits and ore occurrences are revealed, was carried out on only 35 percent of the territory of the region, which is typical for the Far East region as a whole.

Aquatic biological resources

The main fish resources of the Khabarovsk Territory are represented by freshwater and marine hydrobionts.

Freshwater resources of the Khabarovsk Territory are mainly associated with the river. Cupid. More than 30 species of fish are of commercial importance, 20 of which have a high commercial value. These are Pacific anadromous salmon (chum salmon, pink salmon, char-malma, sim), sturgeon (kaluga and Amur sturgeon), some species of large part (pike, carp, skygazer, catfish, silver carp, taimen, lenok, whitefish, yellow-cheek, bream). Every year, in the inland waters of the region, fisheries take 5–9 thousand tons of fish.

In the coastal waters of the Tatar Strait and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, salmon, Pacific herring (spawning), capelin, flounder, kelp, and crabs are caught. The annual catch of aquatic biological resources in the coastal zone is 34 - 40 thousand tons.

Water resources

The water supply of the region's population is one of the highest in Russia - about 330 thousand cubic meters. m per person. There are about 206 thousand rivers in the region, including the smallest and smallest, with a total length of more than 550 thousand km with a total flow of almost 400 cubic meters. km per year. The main water artery - the Amur River - is one of the largest rivers in Russia, ranking fourth in terms of water content after the Yenisei, Lena and Ob. The mouth of the river is accessible to sea vessels, which can rise through high water to the city of Khabarovsk.

The hydropower potential of the rivers of the Khabarovsk Territory is 23 billion kWh per year.

There are more than 58 thousand large and small lakes in the region with a total water surface area of ​​about 4 thousand square meters. km. The largest of them are located in the Amur River basin: Bolon, Orel, Chukchagir. In the region there is a part of the Bureya reservoir with an area of ​​373 sq. km, there are 2 reservoirs with a volume of more than 1 million cubic meters. m each.

The predicted operational resources of groundwater in the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory are about 48 million cubic meters. m per day. In total, about 40 deposits have been explored in the region.

Among the mineral waters, carbonic and nitrogenous waters are the most common. The most famous are three deposits of mineral waters: Annensky thermal springs, Tumninskoye and Mukhenskoye.

Land resources

The area of ​​the land fund of the Khabarovsk Territory as of January 01, 2008 amounted to 78,763.3 thousand hectares, of which agricultural land is 375.8 thousand hectares (0.5% of the territory of the region), land of settlements - 420.2 thousand ha (0.5%), forest land - 73,707.4 thousand ha (93.6%), reserve land - 1,384.1 thousand ha (1.8%), water fund land - “961.4 thousand hectares (1.2%), lands of specially protected natural areas and objects - 1,646.2 thousand hectares (2.1%), lands of industry and other special purposes - 268.2 thousand. ha (0.3%).

The total area of ​​agricultural land in all categories of land amounted to 665.9 thousand hectares (0.9% of the total land fund of the Khabarovsk Territory).

As of January 01, 2008, citizens and legal entities own 62.8 thousand hectares (less than 0.1% of the land fund of the region). The share of land in state and municipal ownership amounted to 99.9 percent (78,700.5 thousand hectares).

forest resources

The Khabarovsk Territory stands out as the country's largest timber region. The timber stock is 6.6 percent of the timber reserves of the Russian Federation and 25.3 percent of the timber reserves of the Far Eastern Federal District.

The main forest-forming species occupy an area of ​​44.7 million hectares, including conifers - 37.5 million hectares (84.1%), hardwoods - 1.5 million hectares (3.3%), softwoods - “5.7 million ha (12.6%).

The stock of the main forest-forming species is 4.85 billion cubic meters. m, of which coniferous - 4.27 billion cubic meters. m (88.2%), hardwood - 0.18 billion cubic meters. m (3.6%), softwood - 0.40 billion cubic meters. m (8.2%).

The stock of mature and overmature plantations available for exploitation is 1.42 billion cubic meters. m, including coniferous - 1.25 billion cubic meters. m (88.5%), hardwood - 81.0 million cubic meters. m (5.6%), softwood - 83.3 million cubic meters. m (5.9%).

Estimated cutting area (annual release rate) for 2007 amounted to 23.6 million cubic meters. m, including available - 15.4 million cubic meters. m. Actual logging for the main use in 2007 amounted to 7.9 million cubic meters. m.

Specially protected natural areas

In the Khabarovsk Territory, 6 state nature reserves with a total area of ​​2,107 thousand hectares have been created and are functioning, of which 1,699.2 thousand hectares are a protected area, a national park with an area of ​​429.37 thousand hectares, as well as 5 state nature reserves of federal significance, total the area of ​​which is 734.2 thousand hectares.

The largest area in the system of regional specially protected natural areas is occupied by 20 state regional reserves - 2,444.9 thousand hectares (3.1% of the territory of the region). Among them, 6 reserves have a profile of ichthyological (fishery) with a total area of ​​334.8 thousand hectares.

In order to ensure the preservation of spatial and genetic links and the integrity of the Amur tiger population in the Far East, 4 ecological corridors with a total area of ​​156.6 thousand hectares have been formed in the region.

There are more than 60 natural monuments of regional significance in the Khabarovsk Territory. Among them are unique, irreplaceable, ecologically, scientifically, culturally and aesthetically valuable natural complexes, as well as objects of natural and artificial origin. Among the most famous natural monuments of regional significance are the landslide lake Amut in the Solnechny municipal district, the arboretum of the Forestry Research Institute and the nursery named after Shuranov in the center of Khabarovsk, the Shaman rock outcrop in the Komsomolsk municipal district.

The Red Book of the Khabarovsk Territory includes 310 objects of flora and 159 objects of the animal world.

The Khabarovsk Territory is one of the most economically developed territories of the Russian Far East. In terms of gross regional product, the region ranks third in the Far Eastern Federal District and accounts for 0.9 percent of the total gross regional products in the Russian Federation in 2006. The region ranks 20th in the Russian Federation in terms of gross regional product per capita and 2nd in the Far Eastern Federal District in terms of shipped goods of its own production.

In terms of investment, the region accounts for 1.15 percent in Russia and ranks 3rd in the Far Eastern Federal District. According to the Expert RA rating agency, the Khabarovsk Territory is classified as a "growth pole" region, which indicates the region's potential for further socio-economic development and improvement of its investment position.

According to the research of the National Institute for System Research of Entrepreneurship Problems, the Khabarovsk Territory is among the 10 best regions of the Russian Federation in terms of the increase in the number of registered small enterprises per 100 thousand inhabitants as of October 01, 2007.

According to the results of a comprehensive study of the competitiveness of regions, carried out in 2008 by the autonomous non-profit organization "Regional Policy Institute" with the support of the Ministry of Regional Policy of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk took 19th place out of 82 subjects of the Russian Federation for which studies were conducted, and entered the group of competitiveness leaders.

According to research conducted in 2007 by the Institute for the Development of the Information Society with the support of the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications of the Russian Federation, the Khabarovsk Territory took 10th place in the rating of readiness of Russian regions for the information society.

According to Forbes magazine (June 2008), Khabarovsk, the capital of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Far Eastern Federal District, ranked eighth in the ranking of the best cities for business among 85 Russian cities with a population of over 200,000 people.

The basis of the economy of the Khabarovsk Territory is a fairly diversified industrial production, which includes a number of military-industrial enterprises. The volume of shipped products (works, services) of mining, manufacturing, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water of the region is more than a fifth of the volume of the Far Eastern Federal District.

The region produces the bulk of machine-building products, timber products, petroleum products, steel volumes and all rolled steel in the Far Eastern Federal District.

In 2007, the region ranked third in the Russian Federation in the extraction of precious metals and the export of timber.

The transport system of the region is one of the key transport hubs of the Far East region. The transit functions of the region, located in the center of the Far East, are of great importance not only in the regional, but also all-Russian and international terms. Two railway lines pass through the territory of the region - Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur, providing access to the main Pacific ports of the country. Between the mainland railway network and about. Sakhalin operates a ferry service Vanino - Kholmsk.

The largest international airport in the Far East, Khabarovsk, accepts aircraft of all types. Regular air routes connect Khabarovsk with more than 40 cities in Russia and the CIS countries, air communication has been established with the People's Republic of China (Beijing, Harbin, Guangzhou, Dalian), Japan (Niigata, Aomori), the Republic of Korea (Korean). Seoul), Israel (Tel Aviv), Thailand (Bangkok).

With the commissioning of the second stage of the bridge across the river. Amur near the city of Khabarovsk and the highway Chita - Khabarovsk will significantly strengthen the position of the region in road transport, transit of road cargo.

Foreign economic activity has a significant impact on the economy of the region.

*Including the export of petroleum products produced in the territory of the region.

Machinery and equipment, oil products, raw timber, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, fish and seafood, sawn timber occupy the largest share in the structure of regional exports.

*Excluding exports of petroleum products produced in the territory of the region.

The main trading partners of the region are China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, the USA, Vietnam, which accounted for more than 80 percent of the total value of the foreign trade turnover of the region.

The largest regional exporters in recent years have been RN - Komsomolsk Oil Refinery LLC, Alliance-Khabarovsk LLC, Khabarovsk Fuel Company LLC, Amurmetal OJSC, Smena-Trading CJSC, Dalvtorsyrye LLC, Khabarovsk OJSC shipyard", CJSC "Flora", LLC JV "Arkaim".

In the structure of regional imports, the largest share falls on textiles, textile products and footwear, machinery and equipment.

Over the past 7 years, the macroeconomic situation in the region was characterized by the following growth rates in the production of goods and services, investments in the economy and the social sphere (table c - 1).

Table in „– 1

Moreover, the lag in the index of industrial production and gross regional product from the rates in the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District was due to a sharp decline in production at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aviation Production Association named after Yu.A. Gagarin in 2006 in connection with the completion of export contracts, which in previous years accounted for up to 80 percent of the enterprise's production.

The main indicators of the socio-economic development of the Khabarovsk Territory for 2000 - 2007 are given in Appendix C - 1.

During the period 2001 - 2007, the number of people employed in the economy increased by 59.7 thousand people, the output per one employed in the economy of the region increased by 27.8 percent (in a comparable assessment), by 1 ruble of fixed assets - by 54 percent, energy intensity decreased by 31.3 percent.

Investments in fixed capital over this period per one employed in the region's economy increased by 72.3 percent (in a comparable estimate), and by 1 ruble of fixed assets - by 70 percent.

Payments to the federal budget and the budget of the region increased by 2.5 times per one employed in the region's economy, by 33 percent by 1 ruble of fixed assets in current prices.

The indicators characterizing the development of the economy in the region are presented in appendices c - 2, 3.

In 2006, the gross regional product of the Khabarovsk Territory amounted to 196.2 billion rubles, the growth rate of its real volume against the level of 2005 was 105.3 percent. In 2007, the trend of growth of the region's economy continued, according to estimates, the gross regional product amounted to more than 234 billion rubles, with an increase of 7 percent compared to the level of 2006. The average annual growth rate for the period 2001-2007 was 105.8 percent.

In the structure of the gross regional product of the Khabarovsk Territory (hereinafter also referred to as GRP), the main place is occupied by mining, manufacturing and production and distribution of electricity, gas and water - 25.4 percent in 2006, 18.3 percent falls on transport and communications, 15.2 percent - for trade and public catering, agriculture and forestry - 7 percent, construction - 7.5 percent, real estate transactions, rent and provision of services - 9.2 percent, other economic activities - “ 17.4 percent.

Historically, the industrial structure of the economy has developed in the Khabarovsk Territory with a fairly diversified industrial production, which includes a complex of military-industrial enterprises.

As of January 01, 2008, the total permanent population of the Khabarovsk Territory was 1,403.7 thousand people, including 1,130.8 thousand people (80.6%) urban residents and 272.9 thousand people (19 .4%) are rural.

About 80 percent of the territory of the region belongs to the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas, where 43 percent of the population lives. Representatives of 17 indigenous peoples of the North live compactly in the national villages of the region. According to the 2002 census, the total number of indigenous peoples of the North is 23 thousand people (9.4% in the Russian Federation). The most numerous of them are Nanais (8.2 thousand people), Evenki (3.5 thousand people) and Ulchi (2.5 thousand people).

The population is unevenly distributed throughout the region. The specific features of settlement are due to the significant length of the territory, the remoteness of settlements from the regional and regional centers, and their inaccessibility. The maximum population density is noted in the cities of Khabarovsk - 1,443.4 people per 1 sq. km. km and Komsomolsk-on-Amur - 908.2 people; the lowest in Ayano-Maisky, Tuguro-Chumikansky and Okhotsk districts - 0.02 - 0.03 people per 1 sq. km. km. The average population density in the region as of January 01, 2008 was 1.8 persons per 1 sq. km. km, which is 1.6 times higher than in the Far Eastern Federal District, and 4.6 times less than in Russia as a whole.

Of the total number of people younger than working age was 16 percent, able-bodied - 66.1 percent, older than working age - 17.9 percent.

The life expectancy of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory in 2007 was 64.8 years, in Russia - 67.5 years, in the Far Eastern Federal District - 64.9 years.

The demographic situation in the region reflects the average Russian trends of recent years and is characterized by a decrease in the total number and aging of the population.

The economically active population is about 54 percent of the resident population.

Distribution of the number of people employed in the economy by level of education in 2006 (percentage of the total number of people employed)

More than 33 percent of those employed in the economy have vocational higher education, more than 31 percent have secondary vocational education, 21 percent have complete secondary (general) education, and about 9 percent have vocational primary education.

The migration of the population had a negative impact on the formation of the region's population potential, with the exception of 2003, in which the region had a positive balance of migration in the amount of 554 people, and 2007, respectively, 1,904 people. In 2007, the positive balance of migration is associated with a change in the statistical record of foreign citizens and stateless persons.

Today, the demographic potential existing in the region is insufficient for dynamic socio-economic development and ensuring national security.

Human Resources

During the period 2000 - 2007, the number of labor resources in the Khabarovsk Territory increased by 2.7 percent due to the increase in persons older than working age employed in the economy by 20.4 percent, the growth in the number of foreign workers by 5.7 times. At the same time, the working-age population decreased by 1.7 percent over the specified period.

In 2007, the number of labor resources in the region amounted to 980.6 thousand people, or 69.8 percent of the total population. About 80 percent of the total labor force falls on the economically active part of the population, of which 95 percent are employed in the economy.

Economic growth in recent years has led to positive changes in the labor market - an increase in employment and a decrease in unemployment. During the period 2000 - 2007, over 100 thousand new jobs were introduced, of which more than 40 percent were in the small business sector.

Dynamics of employment in the Khabarovsk Territory (thousand people)

As a result, the employment of the population during this period increased by 8.8 percent, the total number of unemployed decreased by half - from 93.5 thousand people to 44.4 thousand people, the level of general unemployment decreased from 12.2 percent to 5.9 percent from the economically active population (Russia - 6.1%).

In the medium term, the state of labor resources in the Khabarovsk Territory will be determined mainly by the unfavorable development of the demographic situation and in the future may become a limiting factor in socio-economic development.

To increase the transparency of interaction between the executive authorities of the region and civil society, separate elements of "electronic government" are being created in the region.

In 2008, the Web-site "Regulatory legal acts of the Khabarovsk Territory" was put into operation, where the current acts of the Governor and the Government of the Khabarovsk Territory since 2005 are posted, and the information portal of public services, which provides information on more than 80 public services provided by citizens, and more than 70 public services provided to organizations. A section "Administrative regulations of public services (functions)" has been created, which contains approved administrative regulations, drafts of proposed administrative regulations, on which the population and organizations can comment. For 10 months of 2008 there were 128 thousand visits to the pages of this section.

Enterprises and organizations widely use the "Purchases" section of the Krai Government Web site, which contains information on order procedures (notifications, protocols, etc.) for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services for state and municipal needs of the Khabarovsk Territory. In 2007, there were 1.46 million visits to the pages of this section.

This Web site for entrepreneurs and investors contains information about the availability of free for organizing or expanding a business on the production areas proposed for sale or lease.

Since 2002, the site "Small Business of the Khabarovsk Territory" has been operating, where information of interest to entrepreneurs (regulatory, analytical, statistical, etc.) is posted.

The interaction between business and government is carried out within the framework of the work of the Council for Entrepreneurship under the Governor of the Khabarovsk Territory, the Interdepartmental Council under the Government of the Territory to remove barriers to the development of entrepreneurship.

The Ministry of Economic Development and Foreign Relations of the Khabarovsk Territory has a "hotline" organized by the Government of the Territory in 2006 to address administrative barriers in the relationship between entrepreneurs and federal, regional executive authorities and local governments.