Bathhouse with foundation stages of construction. Do-it-yourself bathhouse: projects, photos, construction stages. Approximate calculation of material
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If you have your own plot of land, then one of the objects can be a do-it-yourself bathhouse. Projects, photos and features of construction work are presented on our website. For construction, you can choose any interesting option or project from our review.
So, to build a quality building you need to think through the following points:
- choose the ideal project;
- think through each stage of work;
- purchase suitable material;
- plan all communications;
- An important point is the interior decoration.
A beautiful bathhouse on the site can be not only a functional building, but also a luxurious element landscape design
To make a bathhouse correctly and correctly choose its location, you need to adhere to all SNiP standards. Important attention should be paid to the material for the construction of the building. The choice of location must take into account certain distances in relation to other objects.
Before building a bathhouse, take into account the features of the site: design, climatic conditions and soil characteristics, local features landscape territory and soil properties. If the territory is uneven, then it is better to carry out construction on an elevated area, since this will ensure optimal water flow. You should not install such a building on sandy soil. In any case, the foundation should be strengthened. The harder the soil layer, the better. Most often, the construction of such buildings is planned on the leeward side of the main buildings. This placement protects from heavy rainfall.
- Budget wood concrete is also often used. At the same time, the building turns out to be warm and durable.
Bathhouse made of timber
How to build such buildings depends on the material options. Projects can be made from the following materials:
- natural wood;
- edged timber;
- glued timber;
- profiled timber;
- rounded logs.
There are several ways to build a sauna with your own hands. A simple option can be seen in the video:
Most often, construction is carried out using rounded logs and timber. Timber bath a simpler option than rounded logs. is a cheaper material than logs. Construction from timber is carried out using.
When deciding how to make a building from timber, you must follow some rules. This kind of construction refers to lightweight buildings, so you can use a shallow or non-buried foundation.
How and what kind of foundation to make depends on the type of soil. The columnar option is not suitable for clayey and swampy soil. In this case, or are used.
Before deciding how to lay the timber, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing. To do this, a layer is distributed on the surface of the foundation, and a sheet of roofing material is placed on top. Then the second layer is applied. And the boards adjacent to the foundation are treated with antiseptic solutions. This is how we build a bathhouse, no matter how small or large it is. A common option for construction work is a small bathhouse made of half-beams.
When deciding how to build a sauna yourself, you must first choose quality wood. The material is most often harvested from December to March. Blanks 150×150 or 100×150 are made from felled trees. At the same time, they must be cleared of bark. It is important to inspect the material before construction work. There should be no signs of rotting or cracks. The wood should be smooth and even. When choosing beams, drawings and dimensions must be prepared in advance. In this case, the purpose of the material is important, for example, a floor made of edged boards. At self-construction you need to know how it's done step by step construction and methods for joining 3x4 or 4x4 logs.
It is important to know how to install 50x150 boards on edge, as well as options for increasing the length. There are such connection options as in the paw and in the head. For a structure made of profiled timber, the burl method is suitable, in which the connection is made when creating key grooves.
Frame bathhouse in the country
Consider a variety of projects for . The walls are lattice structures. For the walls you will need:
How to build such a structure depends on the main project. This construction technology has many advantages. This is a high installation speed and low labor intensity. According to reviews, this is economical construction. The finished building is characterized by rapid heating of the premises. A mini sauna or even a 4x6 or 6x6 design does not require long-term shrinkage. There is also big choice materials for both interior and exterior decoration. Can be used different option s foundation, for example strip or on piles.
How to make such a design is demonstrated by a photo report, where the photo shows detailed diagram and features of the construction of such buildings. Such structures also have certain disadvantages. First of all, careful thermal insulation of such structures is required. Also, such structures have a short service life. Depending on the projects: 3x4, 2x4 or 3x5, drawings are selected. The finished project must contain working drawings with the correct assembly of the structure, with utilities and specifications of materials.
We build a bathhouse with our own hands: a brief description of the construction stages
Any construction of a bathhouse in a country house requires careful planning. Before construction begins, it is necessary to mark the site. To do this, you will need a project, according to which marks on the ground are made. Where to start marking the dimensions depends on where the corner of the building is located. This place is where reporting is done from scratch. At the same time, a peg is driven in, and the lengths of the sides are measured from it. Then compact pegs are installed and other walls are also measured.
The design of the bathhouse and dimensions are indicated in accordance with the project data. After this, the marking is made depending on. When building a bathhouse with your own hands from stone, brick or blocks, you need to level the foundation. At the same time, roofing material is laid, and then roofing material is placed on top.
How to build a building will depend on what material it will be built from - from boards or from. Specialists can show you the installation features. Useful videos can be found on YouTube.
If brickwork is used, it should be started at the corners. In this case, the first blocks are placed on the cement mortar. They must be located in the same plane. If you don't know how to do it correctly, use string as a guide.
In the video below you can see a step-by-step demonstration of construction work:
After installing the jumpers over the windows or doors, an armored belt is mounted and then made. The foundation bolts are attached to this part. A simple or panel design involves the construction of a frame made of wood. This item sheathed and insulated with various types finishing materials. To make the frame, boards made of aspen, linden or larch are used, since these options are characterized by low.
Wooden harness made from timber on a foundation. In this case, cuts are made at the ends of the bars and fastened to each other with self-tapping screws. For small bars, metal corners are used.
Let us note the main stages of manufacturing a frame base:
Any sauna is subject to high humidity, so the steam room is treated with a vapor barrier film. This will protect against moisture accumulation from the inside. Fiberglass or mineral wool. Such options provide an excellent level of sealing. Insulation and wall covering are carried out after the roof is installed. This approach will protect the wood and insulating materials from getting wet.
Particular attention should be paid. Before choosing equipment for the bath, you must completely complete construction works. The finished building is equipped with furniture and everything necessary equipment. A village bath can be made from various materials, but not from a slab.
Do-it-yourself bathhouse foundation: step-by-step instructions
How to build a bathhouse depends on the type of foundation used. It is worth noting the following options:
- slab foundations are not performed often. It is suitable for massive and complex buildings. The markings are made according to the dimensions of the building or slightly larger;
- can be done strip foundation for a 4x4 sauna with your own hands. In this case, the marking is done so that the tape runs along the perimeter of the building;
- columnar is used for the installation of wooden buildings. Depending on the dimensions 3×4, 3×5 or 3×6, markings are made according to the number of supports;
- . The advantage of this option is the ease of installation. With its help, it is possible to install it on a foundation even on a sloping site. Marking is carried out according to the number of piles.
It is even possible to build without a foundation. Shallow strip foundation can be used when the soil is hard and dry and low level groundwater and the buildings are not very heavy. The shallow version is the simplest. Here are the main points to consider:
How to install a screw foundation can be seen in the video below:
Bathhouse with shower in the country: how to supply and drain water
Exist different ways How to arrange a shower inside a bathhouse with your own hands. There is even a special step-by-step guide. The photo report demonstrates different shower installation options. The easiest option for cooling is to mount a simple wooden bucket on the wall. Water can be poured into it through water pipe with tap. In this case, no special heating is required. In the photo below you can see a shower with hydromassage jets. In this case, it is necessary to consider water heating, as well as pressure using pumping equipment.
No need for shower big square, it is enough to allocate some space in the dressing room. Necessarily . It is necessary to install a drain for the bathhouse. You can also make inside the bathhouse Summer shower. In this case, there is no need to set up a separate cabin in the yard. Even in an already constructed building you can find a corner for a washing room. But this will require constructing a drain in the bathhouse.
Instructions for building a bathhouse roof with your own hands
When building a bathhouse, you need to figure out how to install the roof. The stages of such construction can be seen below:
Options for creating a roof may be different, but in any case you need to think about waterproofing and thermal insulation. Without waterproofing, steam will travel into the attic and settle on the rafters and beams. In this case, condensation may drain onto the insulation, which will affect the durability of the material. It is important to take into account some features of buildings:
Organization of internal equipment for a bathhouse in the country
An important point is the arrangement of the internal environment. A variety of interior photos will help you decide how to design the interior. Any projects should start with installation. Similar design will reduce the concentration of hot air.
After construction is completed, it is also done outside with your own hands. Another important point is. If there is insufficient ventilation, electric heating will cause a decrease in oxygen levels.
You need to remember to constantly monitor the temperature. Do not install a mercury thermometer. Better buy a bath thermometer. To control humidity, use -.
Special attention interior decoration deserves. The most suitable material is wood. A good solution and an economical option is lining. Wall decoration should be done in pastel colors. It is worth considering the floor in the bathhouse.
Step-by-step instructions include stages finishing works, as well as lighting and ventilation layout. must be of high quality. Also think about bath accessories. The step-by-step guide also includes providing good sound insulation.
Article
For a Russian person, a bathhouse is not just a place where you can wash yourself. Her visit has become a tradition a long time ago. Here the Russian people relaxed, recovered their health and simply had a good time. Until now, the functions of the bathhouse have not changed. This place remains one of the favorites of our people. Dacha owners are trying to build this building on their site. Some people do it themselves, others hire a team of specialists.
Features of the bath
Since ancient times, so-called “purgatories” were built for noble people, in which they renewed their spirit. The design of the Russian bathhouse is the same as that of other similar buildings. Visually, it is no different from, for example, Finnish sauna. But there are some nuances that distinguish the Russian bathhouse from all others.
The main feature of this structure is the presence of light steam in it during use, while the humidity is at the level of 60%, and the temperature reaches 50–70 degrees.
For Russians, visiting a bathhouse is a whole ritual with its own customs and traditions.
To create a temperature regime in the bathhouse, a special stove-heater is used, which maintains the heat of the stones. They are located in a small compartment behind a metal door. Wet steam enters the steam room from the oven. The door is opened only to pour water onto the stones, causing it to turn into steam. Thus, the humidity in the bathhouse is maintained at the required level.
And, of course, what Russian bathhouse is complete without a broom? It is usually made from birch or fir. Due to the fact that the necessary humidity is achieved in the room, you can take a good steam bath with a broom. There will be no similar effect from the procedure if the air in the room is dry.
One of the most important conditions creating a real Russian bathhouse - good stove, which must have certain qualities
It is believed that the main building material For the construction of a Russian bathhouse, only wood can be used. It is loved for its naturalness and environmental friendliness. True, the cost of a bathhouse will be noticeably higher than when using foam blocks or bricks for construction.
Choosing a site for construction
Choosing a place to build is very important point. Highlight different types baths according to the method of kindling: “white” and “black”. The latter are currently erected very rarely. The first ones are built near the house. Sometimes a white bathhouse is made as an extension to a home, and it is necessary to obtain special permission from the fire service.
Previously, the bathhouse was built on the banks of rivers and lakes, so that after all the procedures one could plunge into cool water. But today it is difficult to do this. A way out of this situation can be the construction of a small personal pond near a bathhouse or swimming pool.
Experts advise building a bathhouse at the highest point of the site. This way, precipitation will not be a problem for you.
Design
The bathhouse design is one of the most important elements of the preparatory work.
It must indicate the number of rooms in the building where communications and other similar information will be located. Most often, a steam room, a room for washing, relaxation and a corridor are built in a bathhouse. If the budget is limited, then sometimes the owners combine a steam room with a washing room, and a dressing room with a corridor. But this is not very convenient, because not everyone wants to wash in a heated room.
Bath design - important stage preparatory work
The size of the bathhouse is planned depending on how many people will visit it at the same time. If it is for one person, then you can make it small. But if you host a lot of people and love bath treatments, then you shouldn’t skimp on space. But remember that heating the steam room to the desired temperature big size not easy. Usually it is made for 2 people. For this, 4 m2 is enough.
At the design stage, think about the furniture that you will place in the rest room. Make this room as comfortable as possible so that you can fully relax in it.
A well thought out and drawn up project will be an indispensable assistant during construction work
The corridor is necessary in order to cold air from the street in winter, do not immediately enter the premises where you will be in a semi-undressed state.
Stages of bathhouse construction
Conventionally, they can be divided into several:
- Construction of the foundation.
- Construction of walls and floors.
- Roof construction.
- Ceiling arrangement.
- Laying thermal insulation.
- Clean finish.
Construction of the foundation
Most often, a columnar or strip foundation is erected under the bathhouse. The latter option is more reliable, but its construction requires much more materials, and therefore the financial costs of its construction will increase.
Perform construction in the following sequence:
- Clear the area where the bathhouse will be built. Remove debris and vegetation. Can be removed upper layer soil (200–300 mm) completely.
- Make markings using pegs and rope.
The evenness of the foundation depends on correctly executed markings
- Dig a trench around the perimeter of the future bathhouse. The depth of the foundation is selected based on the quality of the soil and the mass of the structure.
Most often, a strip foundation is erected for the construction of a bathhouse.
- Place a sand and crushed stone cushion at the bottom of the trench. Its ideal thickness is 250–300 mm.
- Now build the formwork. It can be made from moisture-resistant plywood or long boards 5 cm thick.
The foundation should be 200–300 mm larger than the thickness of the walls of the future building. It should be made 400–500 mm above the ground level.Edged boards can be used for formwork
- Construct a reinforcement frame from rods with a diameter of 1.2–1.5 cm. Fasten them to each other with metal rods with a cross-section of 6 mm. First, the construction of a vertical frame is carried out. Place it in corners and in places where the walls of the bathhouse intersect. Also, vertical rods must be placed under door and window openings. They should rise 300–350 mm above the base. After installing the vertical frame, proceed to the horizontal one using reinforcement of the same diameter.
- When the metal skeleton is ready, pour cement mortar in several stages. The first layer is 300–500 mm. It should be the most liquid in consistency. Using a special vibrator or metal pin, compact the concrete layer by piercing it in several places so that the air remaining inside comes out. Thus, the quality and strength of the foundation is improved. Then pour the next layer of concrete. Repeat the procedure until the base is completely filled.
The foundation must be poured along the entire length of the formwork at the same time
- Cover freshly poured concrete with polyethylene to prevent precipitation from getting there. The base will completely harden in about a month. After this period, the formwork can be removed. Experts recommend giving the foundation another 2 weeks to settle so that it becomes stronger.
- The last stage is waterproofing the foundation.
Insulation and waterproofing of the base will make your bathhouse even better quality
Now you need to give the structure time to shrink.
Thermal insulation should not be neglected either. This process is optional, but recommended. In this way, you can increase the thermophysical qualities of the bath. Foam glass or polystyrene foam is suitable for this.
Walls and floor
It is best to use wood to build a bath structure. Its obvious advantages are good heat retention and creation cozy atmosphere. You can also use timber to build a bathhouse.
Timber is one of the most common materials in construction
A building made from it shrinks less, and the material is easy to work with.
Incredible beautiful baths are obtained from logs
You can use logs. To build walls from them:
- Select material with the same diameter.
- Then trim the logs.
- Lay the larger diameter elements first. Connect them together using spikes, which must be deepened inward by 270–300 mm. No matter what is used for construction, it is recommended to treat the crowns of the structure with an antiseptic.
To ensure that the walls of the bathhouse are as airtight as possible, the gaps between wooden elements it is necessary to caulk with felt, hemp or moss.
This must be done at least twice. The first time is immediately after the walls are built. The second - after complete shrinkage of the structure. Punch all seams with wooden slats.
Use clay, concrete or wood to construct the floor.
Clay does not allow water to pass through. Liquid can stagnate in its cracks, resulting in an unpleasant aroma. Wooden floors absorb moisture, causing them to rot and collapse. Concrete covered with tiles is the most reliable option. For comfort, cork mats or a wooden frame are laid on it.
Most best sex for a bath - concrete
To build the floor:
- First, arrange a sand cushion, the layer of which should be 100 mm. It must be thoroughly compacted.
The sand cushion must be compacted well
- Then lay the crushed stone. Level it out.
Layers of sand and gravel should be the same
- After this, lay down waterproofing material (roofing felt). It should overlap the walls of the bathhouse. And the last stage is cement screed.
You can use roofing felt to waterproof the floor.
There is no need to create a ventilation system in the steam room, since there must be wet steam in a Russian bath.
Roof arrangement
Even at the design stage, consider whether you will have an attic.
The roof of the bathhouse can be constructed in several ways
This roof is more attractive. Usually they are equipped with bathhouses, which are used year-round. If it is visited only in the summer, then there is no need to arrange the attic.
The roof consists of rafters, purlins, frame and waterproofing material. For construction you need:
Ceiling
The ceiling in a Russian bath can be panel, floor or hemmed. IN latest version for arrangement you need:
For small baths that do not have an attic, a floor covering is usually built. For its construction:
- The boards are laid in increments of 2.5 m. Steam and heat insulating materials are laid on them.
- Then they are covered with boards.
This ceiling option is not very durable. If you build it for large sauna with an attic, it can easily fall through.
Panel ceilings are difficult to construct independently. The advantage of this option is that you can use leftover building materials to make it. That is why this ceiling is the cheapest. It is usually made from shields. To make them, load-bearing bars are made, to which the internal lining, vapor barrier, thermal insulation, waterproofing and external drain are attached. To prevent heat loss, a sealant is placed between them when laying the panels. It could be felt or polyethylene film.
Work on thermal insulation and waterproofing of walls
Thermal insulation is necessary to maintain high levels of temperature and humidity.
In order to retain heat for as long as possible, thermal and waterproofing must be done at a high level
- mineral wool;
- expanded polystyrene;
- polyurethane foam;
- foam glass.
The most important quality for thermal insulation material that will be installed indoors is that it must withstand high temperatures and be fireproof. Basalt-based mineral wool is ideal for this. It can withstand temperatures up to 1500 degrees.
Mineral wool is ideal for saunas
Polyethylene film or roofing felt is usually used as a waterproofing material for a bathhouse. It is attached to the walls under thermal insulation. A vapor barrier, such as glassine, is placed on it. Materials must be laid with an overlap of at least 100 mm.
After this, you need to build a wooden frame from bars that are pre-treated antiseptic from rot. They are fastened in increments of 10–20 mm smaller than the width of the thermal insulation material.
After the insulation is laid, you need to make another layer of vapor barrier. Use aluminum foil for this, which reflects heat and protects all materials roofing pie from humidity. The foil is spread in a continuous layer and fixed with construction tape.
Thermal insulation of the ceiling is very important, because heat, according to the laws of physics, rises upward. And in order not to lose it, you don’t need to neglect this process.
Finishing work and room decoration
The last stage can be considered the finishing of the walls and ceiling. It is recommended to begin all work related to cladding only after the structure has completed its final shrinkage. There are many options for finishing materials. Different decorative elements will perfectly complement the interior of the bathhouse. Personal preferences and financial capabilities of the owner in this issue play key role. The most common finishing option is lining.
The interior arrangement of the bathhouse is left to the taste of the owner
Decorative tiles that line the stove, carved elements, unusual wooden shelves, interesting buckets, etc. All this will help you create an original and unique interior.
To finish the bath, you can use wooden lining
Video: construction of a Russian bathhouse
Building a sauna on your own is difficult, but possible. If you approach the theoretical part of design responsibly and correctly use the acquired knowledge in practice, the construction will seem exciting process. In addition, you can always tell your friends that this bathhouse was built with your own hands.
Bathhouse - there is so much in this word! The smell of birch brooms, beneficial steam, a tub of cold water on steamed shoulders, renewal of body and spirit in the pleasant coolness of the dressing room... It’s time to begin with pure thoughts the construction of a Russian bathhouse that has come to us from time immemorial. The traditional “soap dish” cannot be replaced by any newfangled Jacuzzi bath or shower.
The foundation for a bathhouse is chosen based on its size and the type of soil on which it will stand. As a rule, the owner is faced with a choice between columnar And tape foundation.
The wooden sauna has light weight and can be reliably erected on shallow basis.
On columnar Wooden bathhouse foundations are installed more often in dachas. Such foundations are simpler; they are built from support pillars that are installed separately. The supports are built from reinforced concrete, brick, concrete or rubble stone. Pillars from natural material or brick (size 51-51 cm) are erected at the corners and walls of the building at a distance of about 2 m from each other.
Optimal cross section supports - 60-60 cm. Often a cushion of gravel and sand is placed under them.
The column foundation is built to a height 20-30 centimeters from the ground level, the top is leveled with mortar and covered 2-3 layers of roofing felt - waterproofing:
Let's move on to the second type of foundation.
Tape the foundation will cost more as it passes around the entire perimeter the buildings. A trench is pre-dug to a depth of 40-60 cm. A sand cushion is compacted at the bottom, the purpose of which is to protect the base from seasonal soil movements:
The foundation is fastened with mortar and filled with rubble, concrete or reinforced concrete blocks, red brick. Rubble bases make different widths, depending on the size of the building And internal structure baths
Reliable and rubble concrete foundations. The following fillers are used: crushed stone, gravel, broken bricks. If the foundation depth is up to 1 meters, you first need to pour a layer of concrete onto the bottom of the trench. After this, add a layer of filler 15-25 cm, fill with solution and compact.
After leveling the base, install it on top waterproofing from two layers of roofing felt and filled with bitumen:
We invite you to read our article, which identifies the main mistakes that arise when arranging the foundation - what you need to know before you start pouring the foundation.
Tree- This traditional material for the construction of a bathhouse, therefore we do not consider options for constructing walls from cinder blocks, bricks, foam blocks and other materials within the framework of the article. To build the perfect wooden bathhouse, you need to choose special log- after harvesting, the wood is “seasoned” for about 2 -x years.
Dried the wood does not contain “excess” moisture, and therefore does not deform and is resistant to cracking.
A wooden backing is laid on the waterproofing 50-60 mm thick and not less 150 mm wide, filled with tar or bitumen.
Before installation decorative crown(its lower surface is impregnated with antiseptic compounds) is spread on the lining in an even layer tow, dry moss or stripes mineral felt. And between the logs they place interventional seal.
Logs for external walls cut off on one side, for internal and partition walls- on both sides to depth 2-3 see. The cutting begins with the first (flat) crown; it is made from a log, hewn on both sides at an angle 90 °. The bottom surface of the wood is laid on the foundation, and its side becomes the beginning of the inner wall.
Avoiding use coniferous species wood is used to decorate the interior of the bathhouse alders, aspen, linden trees, less often - larches And cedar.
Aspen- this is an almost perfect answer to the question about choosing a material for interior decoration.
Ceiling in log, brick and panel sauna done the same way. Distinctive feature ceiling for chopped “soap” - it can be made of boards. This will give the structure a natural look. It turns out that the interior is “antique”, but there is also practical meaning: natural roofing provides intense air circulation with good thermal protection.
Can be arranged additional thermal insulation:
To perform installation ceiling for a bath, you need wood that has low thermal conductivity, tolerates changes in humidity and temperature well. Low resin content.
Temperature under the ceiling of the bathhouse is the highest and if the boards contain a lot of resin, then when it heats up, it will drip down. Therefore, wood should be used to decorate the ceiling and interior decoration of the steam room. exclusively hardwood.
Plank floors laid in this way: first install on the concrete layer brick pillars cross section 25-25 cm, logs are laid on top of them. Boards are laid along the joists 20-30 mm thickness:
Material moisture should not exceed the indicator 12 %, otherwise the boards will begin to deform after laying.
Stone floors for a bath they last much longer. Concrete mortar must be poured on top of the gravel bed. Such floors are durable and reliable, however, they still have one, but large flaw: They are cold. Therefore, wooden ladders or boards must be laid on top of the concrete floor.
You can also do warm floor. To make it, use any heat insulator: glass wool, mineral wool, basalt wool, expanded clay, perlite, expanded polystyrene.
Roof and roofing
The rafter roof consists of the following elements:
Rafter truss. A rigid bundle of beams that serves to distribute and absorb loads that arise in the system. Rafters are the main massive parts of the structure onto which the weight of the entire roof is distributed. Stiffening ribs enhance the stability of the beams.
Lathing. A horizontal base made of timber, packed on top of the rafters to tightly fasten roofing materials.
Mauerlat. Wooden beam, located on top finished walls, and serves to connect the rafters to the walls of the building.
Below are the main, time-tested construction plans roofs:
There are wood-burning heaters 2 types: metal And brick. Let's talk about them in more detail and not ignore them electric ovens.
Metal furnaces
Metal bake periodic action Without a container for heating water, it is very compact. In an iron casing with doors, grate bars with a stove are placed on metal shelves, which make up the bottom of the combustion chamber.
There are cavities inside the body where they place stones. There are heaters open And closed types. When the stove is operating, gases enter the chimney pipe, passing through the channels. The firebox is usually lined with bricks:
The oven is equipped chimneys consisting of sinkholes and collecting pipes. There are two doors in the stone chamber, but chimneys are often installed that allow flue gases V bottom part chambers for stones from the space around the channel.
Brick heaters
Construction brick heater begins with the construction of its foundation. To prevent the stove from sagging or tilting due to soil freezing or moisture, the base must be deepened to 0,5 meters. The transverse dimensions of the support should be more than the stove, one brick.
Furnace foundation no need to combine with wall. The distance between them is no less 5 centimeters.
The most the best base - rubble concrete or concrete. In dry soil it can be built from bricks using cement, lime or lime-cement mortar.
The surface of the foundation needs to be poured cement-sand mortar, level with a lath and cover with waterproofing. Usually this is roofing felt or roofing felt, which is laid in 2 layer(item 4 in the diagram below):
Designations in the diagram are:
Sole.
Underground part.
Top ledge.
Waterproofing.
Kiln masonry.
Building material for the construction of a furnace- ordinary solid brick. In no case Sand-lime or hollow bricks cannot be used for masonry.
Electric heaters
IN modern baths air up 100 °C is most often heated electric heater with built-in device automatic regulation. The control unit turns off heating element when the casing temperature exceeds permissible norm, and also if it gets on the stove, for example, towels.
Electric heater in the bathhouse must be equipped with a temperature limiter, disconnecting heating element, and a time relay that stops the current supply to heating element after a certain operating time (up to 5 hours). Today the market is full of various modifications.
Let's give some useful tips , which will be useful when going to the bathhouse:
Dry birch firewood ideal for heating a stove in a bathhouse. Don't do unnecessary experiments.
For a beginner bath attendant the time spent in the steam room should not exceed 5 minutes. Experienced people can spend more time in the steam room: from 25 before 30 minutes.
The musty spirit in the bathhouse can be eliminated, if you add a few drops of ammonia to the ladle and splash it on the stones. Don't forget to ventilate the steam room afterwards.
Don't go to the sauna on a full stomach. But on the contrary, you should eat a couple of cloves of garlic. This vegetable removes toxins well through sweat.
Contrary to popular belief, you should not take beer and, especially, strong alcohol with you to the bathhouse. Treat your body with tea or decoction of rose hips and raspberries.
Choose a picturesque place for a bathhouse. The courage of decisions is rewarded with double pleasure from the process.
Finally, we suggest you look video, in which the issue of building a bathhouse is discussed in detail:
Since ancient times, the bathhouse has been a place where you can relax and unwind. These ancient buildings surpass even outdoor recreation in popularity.
How to build a bathhouse yourself?
Building a bathhouse with your own hands is a difficult task and its implementation will require a certain amount of knowledge, which you will soon learn about.
To build a bathhouse with your own hands, you will need to familiarize yourself with the action plan:
- Design a bathhouse;
- Understand the stages of construction;
- Get building materials;
- Connect communications;
- Arrange the bathhouse from the inside.
After familiarizing yourself with the stages of construction, you need to decide on the place where the bathhouse will be located, since a lot also depends on the location.
The best option would be if:
- the bathhouse will be located on a hill, this will significantly simplify the installation of a water drain;
- there will be a river or pond next to the bathhouse;
- The window in the bathhouse will be located opposite the house, which will allow you to observe its firebox.
For garden house the distance will be no more than 3 meters, and for buildings such as a bathhouse this distance should not exceed 1 meter.
It is best to order the design and drawings of the bathhouse from local designers; this will cost about 5,000 rubles. You can also search for ready-made sketches and photos of bathhouses on the Internet that best suit your preferences.
Bathhouse made of brick, stone or blocks
As materials for a brick bath, you can use brick, stone or blocks directly.
To build a bathhouse, you need to dig a pit and fill it with 20 cm of sand, then fill it with water to compact it.
The second step is to lay crushed stone on top of 10 cm thick sand, which then needs to be covered with sand again.
The last step will be to install a system for drainage and drainage of the building.
Bathhouse made of timber
The first layer for the base of the bathhouse will be a 20 cm layer of sand, crushed stone is applied as the second layer, and concrete pouring laid in a third layer. The key stage will be the reinforcement of the building.
Metal rods need to be inserted into the layers for a more durable structure and, for additional stability, you need to lay metal plates which are tied with wire.
Note!
The next stage of work is the blind area, which is needed to ensure that the foundation of the bathhouse is not washed out with water.
It is best to make a blind area from clay, it is much stronger than concrete, and also does not form cold seams in the process. A layer of crushed stone must be poured on top of the blind area.
Next, you need to install a drain in the bath. First you need to dig a hole and bring its trench to the edge of the foundation of the building, cover the walls of the hole with wooden boards with reinforced wire, and then fill everything with concrete.
Frame bath
The foundation for such a bath structure is made using simplified technology, which is the advantage of a frame bath. It is necessary to make a foundation of asbestos-cement pillars, which, after installation, are filled with concrete mixture.
The next step will be marking the walls. Then you need to start connecting the boards using nails. The top and bottom harness. The walls for such a bath are made in a lattice structure.
Note!
The materials needed for the walls are bars, insulation, and materials for the outside, such as OSB boards or block house, and inside you can use lining.
Materials for insulation and vapor barrier
It is worth insulating a bathhouse from the outside only if there is heating in the building.
For wooden bath it is necessary to make a grid that will be inserted into the insulation. The work will require mineral wool with a layer width of 50 mm.
Bath floor
In case of frame bath, when it remains to insulate the floors, as well as install the floor boards, in addition to this, it is necessary to install logs, a subfloor, and secure the structure for steam removal, then lay the insulation and check the waterproofing.
It is best to make the floor from concrete, as this will allow the bath to dry faster and it will last much longer. Wooden panels are laid on the concrete floor; they can then be taken out to dry and you can easily go about your business.
Note!
DIY bath photo
Bathhouse with your own efforts - An excellent combination of business and pleasure. An activity that brings great benefits to your health. Great design, a harmonious combination with the landscape of the land plot makes the bathhouse the pride of any owner, which is a pleasure to show off to friends. The desire to improve health, improve metabolism, and relieve emotional stress has long been characteristic of humans.
Whether you build a bathhouse yourself or entrust the construction to companies and competent people is up to you. But the bathhouse that you undertake to build yourself has one important advantage - its cost will be significantly lower. Our article will tell you how to build it yourself, this source of your pride.
To build a steam room, in which you can comfortably and efficiently improve your health, you need a project. In the absence of sufficient experience, construction can be quite a painstaking task. There are several nuances to consider. For example, the choice of material for finishing the steam room, the need for knowledge about the characteristics and performance qualities of the material used.
Despite the possibility of fire in wooden structures, a brick building will absorb the smell of burning. It is important to correctly calculate the size of the steam room. Easier to use and easier to control the temperature, will be in a small steam room. Choosing reliable electrical wiring will ensure the construction of the bathhouse, observing safety rules.
Project selection
The construction of any facility should begin with design and construction permitting documentation. Since the bathhouse non-residential premises, according to the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, Art. 51 “Issue of building permits” special building permit auxiliary premises not required. But after completion of construction, by contacting the BTI, you need to register the building in the general plan of your site.
Project, for knowledgeable person
- These are instructions for how to build a bathhouse correctly. This point is important for the construction of any structures, the bathhouse is no exception.
To choose the right material for building a bathhouse, and what nuances need to be taken into account, see below.
Stage 1. You must first decide on the amount you can spend. Calculate the cost of pouring a foundation, building walls, and a roof. We add interior and exterior decoration. After everything has been carefully calculated, we move on to stage 2.
Stage 2. It is necessary to plan where the building will be, its size, the location of trees, flower beds, and the location of future buildings. It is better to make the dimensions several times, since this is the most important stage when choosing a project. Maybe it will happen that you reconsider your plans, it turns out that you have the finances, but there is not enough space for the building.
Stage 3. It includes the layout of the bathhouse; it is necessary to answer a number of questions:
- How many people will be in the sauna at the same time?
- Will you need a pool?
- Will you need billiards?
- How many storey buildings do you want to build? Considering that a square meter of floor in a one-story building will be more expensive than in a two-story building. In the second case, the foundation and all communications can be halved.
- Do you need a terrace? Very often, people prefer to go out to the terrace after the steam room in the summer and enjoy refreshing drinks.
- Will there be a barbecue installed near the terrace?
- Planning a kitchen in a bathhouse?
The above list, of course, is not exhaustive, but serves as a guide when choosing a project.
Stage 4. Wall materials.
If the bathhouse is built from logs, it can be converted to any material, for this you can use:
- Hand-cut log.
- Rounded log.
- Glued beam.
- The beam is simple.
- Profiled timber.
Remember that a well-chosen project will help you save money and avoid unexpected mistakes.
Choice of design and materials
Bath - this is a complex object, and the requirements for it are more biased than for an ordinary room. Design and selection quality materials- this is the main requirement. And the question of what material to use can be divided into several questions:
- Material for walls.
- Materials and design of the rest room.
- Material and design of the steam room.
- Bath design.
This list is not exhaustive, but we will focus only on these issues.
Wall material
The walls are the basis of the bathhouse. The quality of the selected components affects the durability. The most popular materials are:
- Brick
- Foam concrete
- Arbolit
- Tree
Brick suboptimal option for constructing walls. Him high thermal conductivity, and therefore it is necessary to strengthen the thermal insulation of the walls. Laying brick is a rather labor-intensive process. In addition, you need a special foundation for it.
Foam concrete much lighter and has lower thermal conductivity compared to brick. The dimensions of the foam block are comparable to sizes 13 sand-lime bricks, which saves costs when building a foundation. Foam concrete “breathes” and does not allow moisture to pass through.
Arbolit is cement mixed with organic compounds and sawdust. Sold in block form. It is easier to produce than foam concrete, so it will not be very difficult to do it directly on the construction site with your own hands. Wood concrete structures require protective coating, due to low moisture resistance.
Tree- This is a classic component for bath walls. The best varieties wood is pine, cedar, larch. To make a log house you need to use the following types of wood:
- The log is whole.
- Rounded log.
- Sawn timber of rectangular section.
- Profiled timber.
- Glued laminated timber.
When laying these lumber when they are natural humidity, they shrink greatly, requiring about two years before final shrinkage. Glued laminated timber gives a slight shrinkage.
Bathhouse interior
Decorating the interior with all kinds of plastic products or varnishing, when the temperature increases, the objects will release toxic substances that change the smell in the room and affect your health. The best content The interior will include caps, bath brooms, a samovar - just what will be useful in the process of relaxation.
The quality of lighting also affects the interior. The best option is a lamp with a soft yellowish light. Brightly lit lamps can have a bad effect on the environment and make it tense.
Rest room
Can be used in the rest room classic version Russian bath. Cover the walls with clapboard, install the lamps on the ceiling, while several small lamps can be attached to the walls. The floor is tiled because easy care behind it and it will slightly diversify the interior. You need to pay attention to the fact that wooden floors very quickly become dirty, and a large number of moisture spoils the appearance.
A large table, benches or chairs are necessary items for furnishing a room. The furniture should mainly consist of wood, since the chairs on tissue based will soon fall into disrepair. Tea shelf, aromatic oils, and other things also need to be attached in the room. The windows should be curtained with bamboo curtains or made of cotton.
You should not use synthetic decorations in the interior of the room; they do not fit with the style of the Russian bathhouse. Televisions and tape recorders and other equipment are a good addition to relaxation, although they do not quite fit into the interior of a Russian bathhouse. But this is everyone's personal matter. The fireplace also perfectly relieves the atmosphere and complements the interior of the bathhouse.
Steam room
Steam room — The main room is in the bathhouse, so maximum attention should be paid to the design. The most suitable material for walls is lining. We lay out the floor with tiles, we have already talked about this. A ladle and a bucket for water are irreplaceable elements in the interior of a steam room. The stove with stones is the basis of the steam room.
Traditional red brick oven, the most the best option. It is not advisable to change the shapes or components for the stove; the classics will always be fashionable. When changing materials, it is better to give preference natural stones or glass inserts. Important element in the steam room these are shelves. It is better to make them corner with several steps, this way you will achieve space, comfort and coziness.
Smoothing the corners hides the real parameters of the room, usually they range from 4 to 6 m2. The door in the steam room is usually made of wood. More modern version- doors made of glass 8 mm thick. It’s better to stick with the second option because it’s more comfortable to be in a translucent room and, in case of unforeseen circumstances, it’s possible to simply break them. You need to install the door so that it opens outward, this will save space in the room.
Bath design
The most inexpensive material for design is pine. There is no need to use it in the steam room itself; when heated, this tree releases resin. It is better to use it in the rest room, temperature regime it is softer and will not cause harm to health. When pine gives off a pleasant smell, more space will be created in the rest room. comfortable conditions for relax. Linden or larch are suitable for the sauna. With a beautiful appearance, these types of wood will last a long time and will not rot.
It is better to tiled the shower and toilet, this will simplify cleaning the room. When finishing a bathroom floor with wood, it is better to use edged board, but this action needs to be considered very carefully.
Construction stages
Bathhouse location
You need to decide on the location of the bathhouse on personal plot. Entrance doors We do it on the south side because in winter there are fewer snowdrifts here, and with the arrival of spring the snow will melt faster.
The building must be located at a distance of 5 meters from other buildings. It is advisable to combine them only in rare cases.
By placing the bathhouse on a flat area, away from ponds and slopes, we protect it from destruction of the foundation.
Foundation
We use it and make it to a depth of 1-1.5 m. After pouring the foundation, you need to let it settle and dry. The time to rebuild the foundation is approximately 2 months, but you can leave it and start building further next year.
Base and first crown of logs
We cover the foundation around the perimeter with roofing felt and begin to build a plinth on it from red brick. We calculate the brick consumption according to your building dimensions. On the constructed plinth we again lay roofing felt to isolate moisture from the timber. The base must be insulated. Afterwards, we begin to settle the first row, consisting of logs. It is important to adjust the flax between the bars.
Now approximately 2 m2 is needed around the future bathhouse.
Then we install the logs directly in the bathhouse. Before installation, joists and floor boards must be treated with water-repellent components. If the decision is made to lay tiles, instead of joists we make a floor screed. The filling is carried out in 2 layers, we put the reinforcing mesh and fill it cement mortar, then repeat the process.
Roof
It's time to install the roof on the bathhouse. We prepare the rafters used in the frame, then we lath the made frame. After the roof has been lathed, we can hem the ceiling. We make gables and calculate how many roofing material needed (metal tiles, slate).
Furnace installation
The stove should be installed no closer than 0.5 m to flammable structures. All flammable materials must be insulated from the stove with bricks or insulating sheets from floor to ceiling. After about a year, until the timber has completely settled, it is necessary to line the walls with clapboard and attach shelves.
The ceilings must be made high, from 2.5 meters, so that the steam has a place to accumulate.
A stone stove, as a rule, weighs 1.5 tons, and it is recommended to make a good quality foundation for it. The firebox in the stove should be more than half a meter, since short logs burn out very quickly. Make several doors for cleaning hard to reach places in the stove. The stove coil needs to be made longer, this will allow for better heating of the room.
Possible number of people in the bathhouse and steam room at the same time. This moment sets the dimensions of the building. Taking into account 3, 4 people, the steam room will be 4 and 6 m2, respectively.
The area of the site where the construction of the building is planned may not be large enough. You need to be more careful and more accurate in your calculations, since often the built bathhouse seems larger and larger than expected.
To prevent cool air from the street from getting inside, you need to build a hallway. When designing a relaxation room, it is advisable that the windows are large enough and located on the west side to illuminate them naturally.
If you use the tips listed above when building a bathhouse, it will last for many years.
We build a bathhouse with our own hands. Step-by-step demonstration construction
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