Astrakhan watermelon: description, properties, growing method. Features of growing Astrakhan watermelons, cord ripening and how to distinguish varieties Are there Astrakhan watermelons?

Watermelons from Astrakhan are a legendary product. This brand has a long history, dating back to the 7th-8th centuries. The taste of these watermelons was always so good that in 1660, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich even issued an imperial decree to deliver the striped beauties to the royal table in Moscow. However, the “Astrakhan” variety and the watermelon grown in the Astrakhan region are not identical concepts. Even striping does not serve as its defining feature, since it is also characteristic of other varieties: the seedless “King of Hearts”, famous for its large size Carolina cross, etc.

Description of the variety

The famous Astrakhan watermelon was bred as a separate variety in 1977 through the efforts of the leading breeder of the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable and Melon Growing K.E. Dyutin. This is a classic spherical or slightly oblong watermelon. The pulp of ripened fruits is bright red, juicy, aromatic, coarse-grained with a characteristic rather sweet taste. During dry periods, voids may appear in the fruits, which do not have any effect on taste.

The peel is smooth with a pattern of alternating dark and light green spiky stripes. A watermelon of this variety must be thick-skinned. The average fruit weight is about 8 – 10 kg. In terms of ripening period, it belongs to the mid-early variety - from the moment the seeds germinate, it ripens on 70-85 days. It is resistant to most diseases characteristic of melons and is convenient and unpretentious to grow. It is characterized by high yield, excellent transportability and shelf-stable fruits - they can be stored for up to two and a half months.

What are the harm and benefits

Ripe watermelon is a unique dietary product that has virtually no contraindications when consumed regularly. In fact, 80% of its fruits consist of water, and the rest contains plant fiber, fructose, small amounts of glucose and sucrose, as well as microelements. Watermelon is characterized by a pronounced diuretic effect, so its pulp is very useful for those suffering from diseases of the joints, heart and blood vessels. Fructose is absorbed in the human body without the cost of insulin, which means that the sweet-tasting fruit can be consumed even by patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Striped juicy fruits are simply a storehouse of such a trace element as magnesium. With its chronic deficiency, blood pressure rises. It also promotes the binding of oxalates, which prevents the formation of kidney stones, and plays an important role in the processes of bile secretion and cholesterol deactivation. In addition, magnesium is involved in the normalization of intestinal motility, helps relieve muscle spasms and reduces nervous excitability.

In 100 grams of watermelon pulp, the content of this microelement, which is extremely important for human health, is as much as 224 milligrams. Only almonds can boast of a higher concentration. To satisfy the body's daily need for magnesium, it is enough to enjoy only 150 grams of ripe and tasty fruit.

This representative of melons and potassium is rich. True, its content is lower than in dried apricots, persimmons and bananas, beloved by adherents of many diets. Although if we also consider calorie content, then when consuming watermelon, the body will receive three times fewer calories compared to a banana.

However, it should be noted that watermelon is not good for everyone and not always. It should not be eaten by those suffering from diarrhea or intestinal upset. It is also contraindicated for those who are prone to edema. Diabetics should also be careful with this delicacy, given its high glycemic index.

In addition, harm from watermelon may be due to the use of certain chemical substances. Most often they are nitrates. Their use promotes rapid growth and high fruit weight. But at the same time, such substances are stored in the pulp and enter the human body with it, causing either acute poisoning or chronic intoxication due to gradual accumulation.

Video “Watermelons in the middle zone”

Features of cultivation

If until recently the combination of the words “growing” and “watermelon” suggested a hot southern climate, today work on adaptation and acclimatization of its varieties and the emergence of new hybrids make it possible to grow striped fruits even in Western Siberia, however, only in greenhouses.

In the southern regions of Russia, the Astrakhan variety is grown by planting seeds in open ground. But in the regions of the central zone and in the Moscow region, the seedling method is used. At the same time, 4–5 weeks before planting on the site, the seeds are kept for 24 hours in a solution of manganese and zinc to protect future shoots from diseases. Then they are wrapped in cotton cloth or thin paper and placed in water, where they are left at a temperature of about +28 ° C until the sprouts appear.

After this, they are planted in separate containers filled with peat. When the plants have 3–4 leaves, you can begin planting seedlings. At the same time, a week before planting, the frequency of watering and temperature are gradually reduced. The main requirements for growing them in the regions of the middle zone are air heated to +21 - 29 ° C, a sunny place and the absence of weeds.

It should be noted that watermelons are quite sensitive to predecessors and do not like to grow after pumpkin, melon, cucumbers or cabbage. But they treat planting after peas, potatoes, beans or corn quite well. Seedlings are planted in light mechanical composition soil into holes up to 8 cm deep at a distance of about a meter. As representatives of melons, watermelons do not tolerate acidic soils.

Since they require a large amount of heat, the soil between the plants should be covered with a 4-5 centimeter layer of mulch, which increases the temperature of the soil by almost 10 °C and does not allow it to dry out. Also, during the period of active growth, plants should be fed with potassium-phosphorus mixtures and nitrogen.

The technology for growing watermelons involves weeding, loosening the soil and moderate watering. Remains of vegetation after weeding are immediately removed from the site. Being drought-resistant plants, watermelons are at the same time quite responsive to irrigation. During the period of growth of the main stem and leaves, they need increased watering. After fruiting begins, it is reduced to speed up the ripening of the fruit.

The main pests that can harm watermelon plantings are spider mite, aphids and wireworms. To prevent and combat them, the most common means is spraying with infusion of garlic or ash. Such treatment should stop a month before the start of harvest. Heavily infested plants should be removed from the site and burned.

What you need to know

Astrakhan watermelon begins to ripen no earlier than August and its harvest reaches its peak closer to September. Everything that appears on the shelves before this time may be early-ripening Dutch watermelons grown in the Astrakhan region, and often with the use of chemicals. Therefore, before purchasing, the fruit should be carefully examined. If you find a small, slightly rotten area with a dot in the center, this is a sure sign that saltpeter was injected inside with a syringe to accelerate growth.

In order to distinguish a ripe good watermelon from a bad one when choosing, you should focus on a number of characteristic features. The surface of the fruit should not have a dull coating and, when sunlight is reflected, a glare should be clearly visible on it. Yellow spot on a watermelon, the so-called “patch” is the place where the fruit comes into contact with the ground during growth. If it is small, then it ripened on its own comfortable conditions. A large patch is a sign of a lack of sunlight and heat; such a fruit will be watery and not sweet enough to taste.

The stalk or “tail” of a good watermelon is dried out and yellowish. If it has completely dried out, it means that the fruit has been stored plucked for quite some time. a long period. If the tail is completely removed, then the seller is hiding something and it is better not to take this copy. Also, a ripe watermelon buzzes when you tap it, and crackles when you squeeze it with your hands.

Video “Growing watermelon varieties”

There are a huge number of varieties of watermelon, and being able to properly grow a particular variety is not an easy task. This video will help you understand all the nuances.

Astrakhan watermelon- a variety grown throughout Russia, the main advantages of which are ease of care and high yield. You can also note the long shelf life of the fruit and its good resistance to transportation even over long distances.

All this makes the southern delicacy one of the most beloved among the population of our country. At proper cultivation and care, Astrakhan watermelon will not only be an excellent decoration for any table, but will also quench your thirst and saturate the body with useful substances.

Most farmers and gardeners prefer to grow this variety. This is due to the fact that Astrakhan watermelon is resistant to the development of pathologies inherent in melon crops, its fruits have excellent taste and are stored for more than 2 months, without losing their advantages.

The ripe fruit has a round or slightly oblong shape, its rind is smooth and even. The surface color is dark green with light stripes that have spiky edges. According to experts, the more obvious the difference between dark and light stripes, the more pronounced the taste of the fruit will be.

The pulp of a ripe watermelon is bright red. It is very sweet, juicy and aromatic. The seeds are usually dark brown or black in color. The main difference between the Astrakhan variety is the presence of a thick rind.

Astrakhan watermelon is considered medium-early in ripening - the time from seed germination to full maturity is about 80 days. The size of a ripe berry ranges from 8 to 10 kg. It is very thermophilic and requires a sufficient amount of sunlight. Favorable conditions during cultivation, they will provide the fruits with juiciness, sweet taste, pleasant color and aroma.

During a period of drought, voids may appear inside the watermelon, which do not in any way affect the quality of this melon culture. In this case, when squeezing, a slight cracking sound will be heard, indicating the ripeness of the watermelon.

Growing Astrakhan watermelon

Thanks to the adaptation of varieties to different climatic conditions, as well as the breeding of hybrids, it became possible to grow Astrakhan watermelon in any region of Russia.

Growing striped berries is carried out in two main ways:

• seedless;
• seedlings

The first landing option is typical for southern regions, the second is practiced by farmers in the middle zone and Moscow region.

With the seedless method, the seeds are sown in open ground, after soaking them in potassium permanganate. Dry seeds immediately begin to sow into the soil. The sprouted ones must be placed in a pocket made of fabric or gauze and poured warm water. The water should be changed every day until small sprouts appear. Then you can start sowing.

The seedling method involves pre-germinating seeds. To do this, you need to spread the seeds treated with potassium permanganate on a damp cloth or toilet paper and place them in the tray. In this state, the seeds are kept at a temperature of 25 to 30 °C.

After the sprouts appear, you need to take suitable containers (for example, disposable cups), fill them with humus, sand and turf or ready-made peat soil. The sowing depth should not exceed 4 cm. Then the seeds are covered with film and placed in a well-lit and warm place. After the first leaves appear, you can plant the seedlings in the ground.

The soil for planting the Astrakhan variety of watermelons should be light and loose. It must be prepared in the fall. This will require humus and other fertilizers suitable for feeding the crop (potassium-phosphorus mixtures, nitrogen, etc.).

If pumpkin, melon, cabbage or cucumbers previously grew on the site, there is a risk that the harvest will not be as rich as expected, and the fruits may change their taste. It is advisable to plant watermelons in soil in which peas, potatoes, corn and beans were grown.

The depth of the hole for planting seedlings should be no more than 6-8 cm. Watermelons are planted at a distance of 1 meter from each other. In order for the fruits to be large and fully formed, these rules must be followed.

Astrakhan watermelon seeds

You can buy Astrakhan watermelon seeds in any store in your city, as well as order them online. Due to the great demand for the Astrakhan variety among the residents of our country, the seeds are available to everyone who wants to plant this large, sweet berry on their plot.

You can purchase seeds in advance - in winter or early spring. Under appropriate conditions they are stored for a long time. It is important to prevent moisture from getting on the seed packets and to avoid overheating them too much.

Before planting dry seeds, they must be soaked in a manganese solution. To do this, you need to pour warm water and add potassium permanganate to it so that you get enough bright color. The seeds can be wrapped in gauze and placed in the prepared solution for 30-40 minutes. Then they are planted in the ground.

Germinating seeds does not require much effort. We place them in a cloth or gauze moistened with water and place them in a specially prepared container. We change the water once a day or as the fabric dries. On at this stage It is important to observe the thermal regime: 30 °C during the day and not lower than 20 °C at night. As soon as the first shoots appear, you can begin planting.

Today you can buy seedlings of the Astrakhan variety of watermelons on the market or in specialized stores. The main thing is to correctly calculate the timing of seed germination and the time of planting seedlings in open ground. The ideal time for planting is the end of May, when the earth has warmed up enough sun rays and there are no frosts at night. Harvesting takes place in August and September.

Reviews of Astrakhan watermelon

Thanks to its resistance to the development of diseases inherent in melon crops, Astrakhan watermelon has become one of the most beloved varieties in all regions of Russia. Farmers and gardeners note its unpretentiousness in cultivation, long shelf life and good transportability. This variety does not require special care and additional funds for feeding and expensive fertilizers. Seeds are inexpensive and are sold in any city. Properly grown ripe fruits are in good demand on the market, so many summer residents plant watermelons for sale.

Reviews of Astrakhan watermelon indicate that most consumers prefer this particular variety. The main advantage is its juicy, aromatic, sweet and tender pulp. During the hot season, watermelon juice perfectly quenches thirst and is a dietary product. It is used in fresh and marinate. There are many recipes using this product.

In addition to the excellent taste, buyers also note beneficial properties for the body. In their opinion, Astrakhan watermelon helps reduce blood pressure, and also helps get rid of swelling. Some claim that watermelon helps improve mood and improve general condition health.

Planting, care and collection are not particularly difficult. Even a novice summer resident can do this. Self-grown Astrakhan watermelon will not only be a wonderful table decoration, but also a source of vitamins and beneficial microelements. This surprisingly large striped berry will appeal to all family members.

The famous Astrakhan watermelon was bred as a separate variety in 1977. It has a classic spherical or slightly oblong shape, bright red aromatic, very juicy and sweet, coarse-grained pulp. Smooth thick striped skin. The average fruit weight is 8-10 kilograms. In the article we will tell you about the Astrakhan variety of watermelon, when it ripens, we will give reviews and recommendations for planting, care, and cultivation.

Astrakhan watermelon is one of the largest varieties of this plant, which has a special taste, color and size.

Description of watermelon variety Astrakhan

The main characteristics of the variety are presented in the table:

Features of growing watermelon variety Astrakhan

IN southern regions In Russia this variety is grown by seeds in open ground. In the middle zone and Moscow region, the seedling method is used predominantly. 4-5 weeks before planting, the seeds are kept for 24 hours in a solution of manganese and zinc to protect future shoots from diseases. Then they need to be wrapped in thin paper or cotton cloth and placed in water. There, at a temperature of +28 degrees, they will be left until the sprouts hatch.

Then they are planted in separate containers filled with peat. When the plants have 3-4 leaves, the seedlings can be planted in open ground. At the same time, a week before planting, the temperature and frequency of watering are gradually reduced. Basic requirements for growing watermelons in the Moscow region and middle lane– air heated to +21-29 degrees, no weeds and a sunny place. Read also the article: → “Features of growing watermelons in the Moscow region.”

The Astrakhan watermelon became famous precisely because of its size; unlike most varieties, its fruits are very large.

Watermelons are very sensitive to predecessors. They grow poorly in places where pumpkins, melons, cucumbers, and cabbage were previously grown. And it’s good - where potatoes, beans, peas, and corn grew. The soil for seedlings should be light in mechanical composition. Seedlings are placed in holes at a distance of a meter, to a depth of up to 8 cm. Watermelons, like all other melons, do not like acidic soils.

Since watermelons need a lot of heat, the soil between the plants is covered with a 4-5 centimeter layer of mulch - this increases the temperature of the earth by almost 10 degrees and prevents it from drying out. During active growth, plants are fed with nitrogen and potassium-phosphorus mixtures. Read also the article: → “Mineral and organic fertilizers for watermelons: fertilizing scheme."

The technology for growing the Astrakhan variety of watermelon involves weeding, loosening, and moderate watering. Plant residues after weeding must be immediately removed from the site. Watermelons are drought-resistant, but respond very well to irrigation. When the main stem and leaves grow, the plants need to be watered heavily.

Tip #1. When fruiting begins, watering is reduced - this way the fruits will ripen faster.

Based on the type of Astrakhan watermelon, breeders developed the Rapid variety, which ripens in 58-60 days, and the hybrid Photon F1, which ripens in 65 days. Both of these types of watermelons are high-yielding and very tasty. They have a shelf life of 2-3 weeks, but are well transported. Resistant to fusarium.

How to care for Astrakhan watermelon

Watermelon seedlings are planted in late May - early June. The area for watermelons should be well heated, protected from the wind, and illuminated by the sun. It is advisable to arrange beds for watermelons in the south or southeast side. Good predecessors of watermelons are alfalfa, sweet clover, sainfoin, winter wheat, onions, annuals legumes. Artificial pollination is very effective. It should be done in the morning, at a temperature no higher than +18-20 degrees.

Tip #2. To speed up the growth of the lashes, they are pinched so that there are no more than 3-5 leaves above the watermelons. Deformed and weak shoots are completely removed.

There should be no more than five ovaries on one plant. The first fertilizing is applied to watering ditches located at a distance of 0.25 meters from the plants after the length of the lashes reaches 35-40 cm. During this period of plant development, liquid is used for fertilizing chicken droppings, diluted in a ratio of 1:20 or a solution based on mullein (1:10). The second fertilizing is applied before the active budding stage. The third - after the formation of the ovaries. Each feeding is supplemented with abundant watering. Read also the article: → “Rules for caring for watermelons in open ground and in a greenhouse.”

In the photo you can roughly imagine the size of the Astrakhan watermelon.

How to grow watermelon in the Moscow region

To extend the life of watermelons, it is better to grow them through seedlings in the Moscow region. The most top scores obtained by planting watermelon seedlings at the age of 25-30 days. If you plan to plant seedlings under temporary shelters, then this should be done in the second half of May. If you want to immediately plant the seedlings in open ground, which is very risky in the Moscow region, especially if the spring is cold, then this should be done in early June.

Watermelon seedlings hatch 5-6 days after sowing, and for a sprout to emerge from a seed it takes the same amount of time, we conclude: in order to comply optimal timing, a time run of 35 days is required. This means that seed preparation should begin in early April, if temporary shelters are provided for the seedlings. If you plan to grow the crop only in open ground, then postpone the processing and sowing of seeds until April 25. At the same time, we should not forget that the Moscow region cannot boast of a warm climate.

But the problem is not hopeless. If you follow some recommendations, you can achieve good results.

1. In the spring you need to warm up the garden bed. To make the snow melt faster and the ground begin to thaw, scatter ash around the area in March. And in April, water the beds with very warm water and cover with film. By May, the soil should warm up so that plants can develop normally in it.
2. The seedless method may even be preferable, as experienced gardeners have noticed: watermelon seedlings are much more sensitive to a lack of light than to a lack of heat. At home, it quickly stretches, and the seeds sown in open ground on May 2 germinate amicably and rapidly, and the plants from them then develop better and faster than from seedlings.
3. Cover the bed with film. This will quickly warm the soil. Watermelon roots require a temperature of about +30 degrees. And by the time the really hot days arrive, the bed will be completely covered with leaves that will absorb the excess solar energy, so overheating will not happen. In addition, covering the beds with film is a method of weed control. And ultimately, it will keep the soil moist.
4. Remove cover from bushes as soon as possible. For plants, not only warmth, nutrition, water are important, but also direct rays of the sun and air. Most likely, only in May and the first week of June will you need to cover with film. Watermelon foliage is tough and strong, so it is unlikely to be damaged by a short-term cold snap. The main thing is to keep the roots warm.

What you need to know when choosing Astrakhan watermelon

Astrakhan watermelon begins to ripen in August, and the harvest reaches its peak closer to September. Those watermelons that appear on the shelves earlier are most likely early-ripening Dutch hybrids, often grown using chemicals. When examining such watermelons, you can find a slightly rotten area with a dot - this is a symptom of the fact that saltpeter was injected inside with a syringe to accelerate growth.

There should be no matte coating on the surface of a real Astrakhan watermelon, and a glare should be visible on it when sunlight is reflected. The yellow spot on the fruit is where the watermelon comes into contact with the ground. If it is small, it means that the watermelon has ripened in good conditions on one's own. A large spot indicates a lack of sunlight and heat.

This kind of watermelon is watery and not sweet enough. The “tail” of a good watermelon is yellowish and dried out. If it has dried out completely, it means that the watermelon has been stored unpicked for a long time. If there is no “tail” at all, then it is better not to buy such a watermelon. When patted, a ripe watermelon hums and crackles when squeezed with your hands.

This is what the first ovaries of the Astrakhan watermelon look like close up.

Diseases and pests of Astrakhan watermelon

Among the diseases that affect watermelons, the most common are bacteriosis and powdery mildew. With the latter disease, the stems and leaves suffer: they turn yellow and die. If the disease progresses, the fruits suffer. With bacteriosis, leaves appear brown spots, which eventually spread to watermelons. In the fight against these diseases, an infusion of mullein diluted with water in a ratio of 1:3 or fungicides: Bordeaux mixture, Skor, Fundazol, Decis will help.

Mistakes when growing watermelons

Growing watermelons is a complex process. Even if all conditions are met, there is no guarantee that watermelons will grow large and tasty. It would seem that when planting watermelons, gardeners choose the most sunny areas, very diligently water them and weed them. As a result, they get small and sour fruits. Why?

1. Watermelons grow small if they are grown on black soil. It is rich in nitrogen, which feeds mainly the leaves. AND minerals there is no longer enough for fruit growth.
2. Experienced gardeners recommend planting watermelons not as seeds, but as seedlings. In this case, the likelihood of obtaining larger fruits increases. Care must be taken to ensure that the watermelons are positioned freely and do not interfere with each other’s growth.
3. As the fruits ripen, they must be turned over. Otherwise, moisture from rain will accumulate under them and they will begin to rot. In addition, ants will eat them. Anthills that appear near watermelons must be destroyed immediately.
4. Make sure that the garden is well fenced - birds may appear in the area and may eat the watermelons.

Unfortunately, not every climate is ideal for growing and propagating this plant.

Answers to questions about growing watermelons

Question No. 1. Is it possible different varieties should I plant watermelons together?

Question No. 2. How to properly plant watermelon seedlings in the Moscow region?

In this region, it is better to plant seedlings in a greenhouse. Not earlier than mid-April. Care for seedlings in the same way as for cucumber or pumpkin. If your seedlings will continue to grow in the greenhouse, then it is better to tie the vines vertically. The ovaries, as they gain weight, will also need to be tied up, having first packed them in a supporting net.

Question No. 3. How to graft a watermelon onto a pumpkin?

Cucumbers and melons are usually grafted onto pumpkins. There is no point in vaccinating a watermelon that already has good disease resistance root system. However, I would like to talk about one method of vaccination - proximity. You need to cut the stem of the watermelon and pumpkin in half and tie them tightly, wrapping them in plastic. When they grow together, you should cut the stem of the watermelon from the bottom and the stem of the pumpkin from the top.

Question No. 4. Why did I only get one watermelon per bush?

At the watermelons female flowers appear en masse on side shoots. Therefore, as soon as three to five true leaves appear, the central shoot must be pinched. In the middle zone and in the Moscow region, it is generally advisable to leave no more than three fruits on the vine so that they have time to ripen. For this purpose, after setting the fruit, it is necessary to pinch the side shoots, and cut off the rest so that food is not wasted on them. Watermelons need to be watered only before fruit sets. Then reduce watering to a minimum or eliminate it altogether if it is very hot.

Astrakhan watermelons are a legendary variety that is grown throughout Russia. It is valued for its unpretentiousness, high yield and excellent taste. In addition, the berries of the variety are very shelf-stable and can be transported over long distances, which is appreciated by many farmers.

Description of the variety

The variety of Astrakhan watermelons was bred in 1977 by K.E. Dyutin. These watermelons have a smooth spherical shape. When ripe, their flesh is bright red in color and has excellent taste. In dry years, watermelons of this variety are prone to the formation of voids, which in no way affect their taste.

The rind of the Astrakhan watermelon is smooth, with a characteristic pattern of alternating dark and light green stripes with jagged edges. A distinctive feature of this variety is its obligatory thick skin.

The average weight of these berries can be about 8 kg. According to the ripening period, Astrakhan watermelon belongs to the group of medium-early ones; from the moment the sprouts appear to the onset of maturity, it takes from 70 to 85 days.

This variety also has increased resistance to most diseases characteristic of melons, and its fruits after harvest can be stored for up to 2 months without losing their quality.

Sowing technology

Until recently, it was believed that a good harvest of watermelons could only be obtained in the southern regions of our country, but this belief is fundamentally wrong. With the advent of new varieties and hybrids, the geography of watermelon cultivation has expanded significantly.

There are two main ways to grow watermelons: seedlings and non-seedlings. The first is used in the middle zone with late spring and recurrent frosts, and the second in the south.

Astrakhan watermelon: growing (video)

Seedless method

With this method, watermelon seeds are sown directly into the soil. Before sowing, they must be disinfected in a rich pink solution of potassium permanganate. They are kept in it for about half an hour and then washed.

You can sow in the ground with dry or sprouted seeds. In the first case, sowing begins immediately after seed treatment. In the second, the treated seeds are placed in a bag made of thin fabric and filled with warm water. The water must be changed daily until sprouts appear. After which you can start sowing.

Seedling method

With the seedling method of growing, the seeds are also pre-etched in a solution of potassium permanganate. To improve germination, you can also add germination stimulants, for example, Epin. Next, the seeds need to be germinated. To do this, they are laid out on a tray, at the bottom of which several layers of toilet paper or cloth are placed and moistened with warm water. The container with soaked seeds is placed in a place with a temperature of about 28-30°C. At the same time, you must ensure that they do not dry out.

If all conditions are met, after 5-6 days the seeds will hatch and you can start sowing. For sowing you can use any plastic cups or cassettes. They are filled with a mixture consisting of equal parts of humus, sand and turf soil, or ready-made peat soil intended for growing seedlings is used.

The seeds are sown to a depth of no more than 3-4 cm. They can be sown either one at a time in a cup or cell, or 3 at a time. Next, to maintain moisture, it is recommended to cover the crops with a film, which must be removed immediately as soon as the shoots begin to appear.

After sowing is completed, the planting containers are placed in the warmest and brightest place, where they are kept until 3-4 true leaves appear. Caring for them at this stage consists of timely watering.

The most important thing when growing watermelon seedlings is to maintain the correct temperature. This is no more than 25° during the day and no lower than 16° at night. If you don't stick required temperatures The seedlings will stretch out very quickly.

At the time of planting seedlings in the ground, they should be about a month old. Knowing this, it is not difficult to calculate the approximate sowing time; in the middle zone it will be the first half of April, since the earth will warm up sufficiently only by mid-May. Also, a week before planting, seedlings must be hardened off. To do this, they take it out onto the balcony or veranda for a day.

Landing in the ground

Light and loose soils are best suited for planting watermelons. Also, this crop does not like to grow after cucumbers or pumpkins, but it does well with peas and beans. It is advisable to prepare areas for planting watermelons in the fall. To do this, humus is introduced into the digging in the fall.

Next, holes are made in the ground at a distance of 1 meter from each other. Watermelons love space and if the planting is too dense, it will not be possible to grow large fruits. 2 or 3 plants are placed in each hole. Planting watermelon seedlings is carried out together with a lump of earth from a container, The roots of young plants are very sensitive, so you need to act very carefully. Watermelon bushes are buried in the soil to the level of the cotyledon leaves.

Rules of care

Caring for watermelons involves regular watering, loosening, and weeding. This culture is very responsive to watering and fertilizing. But it is necessary to take into account that all fertilizing is carried out at the beginning of the growing season. The first time they are carried out after the young plants have begun to produce lashes. To do this, you can use mullein infusion and superphosphate. The second is during the formation of ovaries, and a group of potassium-phosphorus fertilizers is used.

Watering watermelons should not be frequent, but plentiful. These plants have a very long tap root, which very well obtains moisture even from great depths. When the fruits ripen, watering is stopped to speed up their filling.

Pests and diseases

Among the diseases, the watermelon crop is most often affected by powdery mildew and bacteriosis. Powdery mildew affects the leaves and stems, which first turn yellow and then die. With severe progression of the disease, even the fruits themselves suffer. To combat powdery mildew use mullein infusion, which is diluted in a ratio of 1:3 or special fungicidal preparations.

With bacteriosis, brown spots appear on the leaves of watermelons, which, with further development of the disease, spread to the fruits. To combat this disease they use Bordeaux mixture or copper-based fungicidal preparations.

Harvesting

Peak ripening of Astrakhan watermelon occurs in August and September. They are collected as they ripen. The fruit from each bush will have to be removed over several periods. To collect, it is best to use pruning shears or a knife, which carefully cuts off the stalk of the plant. If you simply tear it off, there is a very high probability of damage to the fruit, after which they will quickly rot.

A sign of ripeness of watermelons is the dried stalk and tendrils. The rind of such berries appears smooth and shiny, and the side on which the watermelon lay on the ground becomes yellow. It is best to collect fruits in dry and clear weather.

How to plant a watermelon (video)

Growing Astrakhan watermelons is not particularly difficult; even a novice gardener can cope with it. And these striped berries grown with your own hands will become a real treat for all family members.

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Attention, TODAY only!

- a variety grown throughout Russia, the main advantages of which are ease of care and high yield. You can also note the long shelf life of the fruit and its good resistance to transportation even over long distances.

All this makes the southern delicacy one of the most beloved among the population of our country. With proper cultivation and care, Astrakhan watermelon will not only be an excellent decoration for any table, but will also quench thirst and saturate the body with useful substances.

Most farmers and gardeners prefer to grow this variety. This is due to the fact that Astrakhan watermelon is resistant to the development of pathologies inherent in melon crops, its fruits have excellent taste and are stored for more than 2 months, without losing their advantages.

The ripe fruit has a round or slightly oblong shape, its rind is smooth and even. The surface color is dark green with light stripes that have spiky edges. According to experts, the more obvious the difference between dark and light stripes, the more pronounced the taste of the fruit will be.

The flesh of a ripe watermelon is bright red. It is very sweet, juicy and aromatic. The seeds are usually dark brown or black in color. The main difference between the Astrakhan variety is the presence of a thick rind.

Astrakhan watermelon is considered medium-early in ripening - the time from seed germination to full maturity is about 80 days. The size of a ripe berry ranges from 8 to 10 kg. It is very thermophilic and requires a sufficient amount of sunlight. Favorable conditions during cultivation will ensure the fruits are juicy, sweet taste, pleasant color and aroma.

During a period of drought, voids may appear inside the watermelon, which do not in any way affect the quality of this melon crop. In this case, when squeezing, a slight cracking sound will be heard, indicating the ripeness of the watermelon.

Thanks to the adaptation of varieties to different climatic conditions, as well as the breeding of hybrids, it has become possible to grow Astrakhan watermelon in any region of Russia.

Growing striped berries is carried out in two main ways:

• seedless;
• seedlings

The first planting option is typical for the southern regions, the second is practiced by farmers in the middle zone and the Moscow region.

With the seedless method, the seeds are sown in open ground, after soaking them in potassium permanganate. Dry seeds immediately begin to sow into the soil. The sprouted ones must be placed in a pocket made of fabric or gauze and filled with warm water. The water should be changed every day until small sprouts appear. Then you can start sowing.

The seedling method involves pre-germinating seeds. To do this, you need to spread the seeds treated with potassium permanganate on a damp cloth or toilet paper and place them in a tray. In this state, the seeds are kept at a temperature of 25 to 30 °C.

After the sprouts appear, you need to take suitable containers (for example, disposable cups), fill them with humus, sand and turf or ready-made peat soil. The sowing depth should not exceed 4 cm. Then the seeds are covered with film and placed in a well-lit and warm place. After the first leaves appear, you can plant the seedlings in the ground.

The soil for planting the Astrakhan variety of watermelons should be light and loose. It must be prepared in the fall. This will require humus and other fertilizers suitable for feeding the crop (potassium-phosphorus mixtures, nitrogen, etc.).

If pumpkin, melon, cabbage or cucumbers previously grew on the site, there is a risk that the harvest will not be as rich as expected, and the fruits may change their taste. It is advisable to plant watermelons in soil in which peas, potatoes, corn and beans were grown.

The depth of the hole for planting seedlings should be no more than 6-8 cm. Watermelons are planted at a distance of 1 meter from each other. In order for the fruits to be large and fully formed, these rules must be followed.

You can buy Astrakhan watermelon seeds in any store in your city, as well as order them online. Due to the great demand for the Astrakhan variety among the residents of our country, the seeds are available to everyone who wants to plant this large, sweet berry on their plot.

You can purchase seeds in advance - in winter or early spring. Under appropriate conditions they can be stored for a long time. It is important to prevent moisture from getting on the seed packets and to avoid overheating them too much.

Before planting dry seeds, they must be soaked in a manganese solution. To do this, you need to pour warm water and add potassium permanganate to it so that you get a fairly bright color. The seeds can be wrapped in gauze and placed in the prepared solution for 30-40 minutes. Then they are planted in the ground.

Germinating seeds does not require much effort. We place them in a cloth or gauze moistened with water and place them in a specially prepared container. We change the water once a day or as the fabric dries. At this stage, it is important to observe the thermal regime: 30 °C during the day and not lower than 20 °C at night. As soon as the first shoots appear, you can begin planting.

Today you can buy seedlings of the Astrakhan variety of watermelons on the market or in specialized stores. The main thing is to correctly calculate the timing of seed germination and the time of planting seedlings in open ground. The ideal time for planting is the end of May, when the ground is sufficiently warmed by the sun's rays and there are no frosts at night. Harvesting takes place in August and September.

The approach of autumn is associated with generous gifts and the ripening of one of the most beloved delicacies - striped watermelons. It is at this time of year that they take pride of place on the Slavic table.

From a botanical point of view, watermelon is the largest false berry on earth. The berry is because it grows on the ground, and the false one is due to the presence of a thick, inedible peel.

This is a unique gift of nature, which organically combines taste with benefits and contains a number of substances necessary for the body in an accessible form.

Historical reference

Astrakhan watermelon is a truly legendary product with rich history. Cultivation - the mass cultivation of watermelon for consumption - began with the ancient Egyptians four thousand years ago. It came to Russia much later, in the 12th century, along with Persian traders. The new plant took root in the fertile southern lands, and over time, watermelons in Astrakhan became a common crop.

The first written mentions of watermelons from Astrakhan date back to 1560. A couple of hundred years later, Peter the Great tasted this berry and ordered the impressive fruits to be delivered to the royal table. The Emperor was so imbued with love for the sweet delicacy from the south of Russia that a commemorative coin was issued in honor of the watermelon and fireworks were fired. And the city of Astrakhan has since been associated with watermelons.

As a separate variety of watermelon, Astrakhansky was finally bred only in the 70s of the last century, when breeders from the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable and Melon Growing worked on it and made a description of the variety.

Appearance and internal contents

If you want to taste a truly delicious fruit, then most people strive to buy Astrakhan watermelon. It is believed that only it has the “right” appearance and the “right” impressive size, rich aroma, attractive color of granular pulp and a really sweet taste. To distinguish it from others, you need to know the characteristic features of the Astrakhan watermelon variety:

• fruit shape: oblong or round;
• bark: smooth, very strong, elastic, thick - up to 2 centimeters;
• pattern: spiky dark green stripes on a light green background;
• pulp: bright red, crispy, coarse-grained, high in sugars;
• fruit weight at the stage of full ripening: 8-10 kilograms or more.

In addition to the listed parameters of the Astrakhan watermelon, the following qualities should be added to the description:

• mid-early ripening period: 70-85 days;
• tolerance to diseases and pests;
• high yield: reaches 120 t/ha;
• excellent transportability;
• excellent keeping quality: can be stored for up to 2 months without loss of quality;
• marketability: the fruits are aligned and look great on the counter.

Where and how to grow

Proper Astrakhan watermelons are easier to find in places with optimal conditions for their comfortable growth - in the south - where the industrial cultivation of these sweet giants is established. To obtain large and sweet fruits, you must adhere to certain rules:

1. In the fall, choose a site for melon planting: sunny, heated, with protection from cold winds.
2. Dig the soil deeply, remove weeds, add humus.
3. Welcome as predecessors perennial herbs and cereals, potatoes, onions and annual legumes. Inadmissible are nightshade and pumpkin crops.
4. The soil should be deeply cultivated, fertile, light sandy and sandy loam, with an acidity in the range of 6.5-7.0.
5. Prepare holes for plants about 8 cm deep, according to a 100 x 100 cm pattern. Add fertilizer to them.
6. Pre-soak the seeds in a solution of microelements or potassium permanganate.
7. Sow the seeds in the holes to a depth of about 4 cm, when the soil warms up to 14°C.
8. The optimal daily air temperature for plant growth and fruit formation is considered to be 25...30°C, and the average daily air temperature is about 19°C.
9. Plant care: timely weeding, loosening, mulching the soil, fertilizing, watering.
10. During the period of active growth, feed twice: first with nitrogen, and during fruit set - with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.
11. Watering: abundant during the period of cane growth, moderate - with the beginning of fruiting.
12. Prevention against pests (spider mites, aphids, wireworms): spraying with an infusion of ash and garlic or insecticides (no later than a month before the start of harvesting mature fruits).
13. If necessary, control diseases: use Bordeaux mixture and copper-based fungicides.
14. Take timely measures to repel rodents and birds to prevent spoilage of the filling fruits.

Southerners in the middle zone

Not only in the south, but also in the non-chernozem zone, they have learned to achieve decent harvests of this heat-loving culture. Even in the middle zone, Astrakhan watermelon will delight you with excellent large-fruited fruit if additional conditions are met.

Even before the revolution, the cultivation of southern melons was established in greenhouses at the royal court, manorial estates and monasteries in central Russia.

In order for growing watermelon in a temperate climate to be successful, timely sowing of seeds for seedlings in separate containers is necessary. Young plants are planted a month after germination, after the end of the threat of return frosts, in greenhouses or under film covers. Transplantation is carried out carefully, transferring the plant into a hole with a lump of earth, trying not to injure it. tender roots. Care for watermelon plants under shelters in the same way as in open ground, not forgetting to ventilate the greenhouses hot weather. For the formation of large fruits and their ripening, it is recommended to pinch the shoot after the formation of 2 fruits. And then, if there are enough warm sunny days, you will be able to enjoy large and juicy berries from your garden!

Collect correctly and preserve as much as possible

Fruit harvesting begins when they reach technical ripeness, which is determined both by timing and appearance. The following signs indicate maturity:

• a small light spot on the bark at the point of contact with the soil;
• a well-dried whip tail;
• ringing sound when tapping the bark;
• characteristic juicy crackling sound when cutting;
• absence of whitish immature seeds inside.

Harvested mature thick-skinned Astrakhan watermelon is stored without loss of quality for about a month in the dark at room temperature and low humidity. Moreover, it is better to hang it in a net or string bag. For more long-term storage cool conditions of a ventilated cellar or basement are required, where it will lie or hang for 2 or even more months. An excellent way to preserve it is in a “coat” of paraffin, clay or a similar substance.

How and with what it is eaten

The harvested crop must be able to not only be properly preserved, but also used correctly. This applies to both fresh and processed fruits in one way or another. Cut watermelon is stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day. And in order to enjoy it throughout the year, you can store it in optimal conditions or subject it to various processing methods:

• Whole watermelon is pickled, salted, fermented;
• freeze the pulp or squeezed juice;
• cut into thin slices or pieces and dry - you get chips and candied fruits;
• add gelatin to the juice and form into candies;
• make jam or jam from the pieces with juice.

For many years now, Astrakhan watermelon has not lost its popularity. It has truly become the most recognizable trademark, a unique symbol of taste and a sign of quality in the watermelon world. Purchased at the market, in a store, or grown with love in your own garden, this generous gift of nature will delight us with its virtues and give us endless pleasure!

Watermelon season is just around the corner. Now we will tell you how to choose the right watermelon so that it is ripe, tasty and brings you maximum pleasure and benefit. We’ll also show you 3 ways to cut it.

Yellow spot on the side

This is clear evidence that the watermelon is ripe. Its size should be between 5-10 cm in diameter. The spot may even have an orange tint!

And here White spot, on the contrary, reflects the immaturity of the watermelon. Too much big spot indicates long ripening in insufficiently warm conditions. This makes the watermelon less sweet and underripe. Therefore, a spot larger than the palm of your hand should definitely alert you.

Conveniently, this symptom is the same for all varieties, as it occurs due to the contact of the watermelon with the soil in the garden bed.

Contrast of stripes on the peel

For striped varieties, regardless of color intensity, it is the bright contrast of the stripes that indicates that we have a good ripe watermelon.

Hardness of ripe watermelon rind

When the berry is fully ripe, it is almost impossible to pierce it with a fingernail.
IMPORTANT!
If you have already come across an UNRIPPE WATERMELON, do not try to put it aside for ripening. This is impossible under any circumstances. It is better to use unripe watermelon in cooking - in recipes for salted and pickled preparations. Unless, of course, this one has the most good luck with your purchase there are no signs of excess nitrates.

Smooth and shiny skin

This is usually a sign of ripe watermelon. However, do not forget about the tricks of traders who constantly grate watermelons. Therefore, choose a fruit from the depths of the display.

Dull sound when tapping

Alas, this sign is not a universal indication of how to choose a ripe watermelon.

Because such a sound is also formed when overripe watermelons are tapped. And eating an overripe watermelon can cause serious damage to health due to the souring of the red pulp.

IMPORTANT! Even unnoticeable souring of the pulp is an excess of pathogenic bacteria and toxic substances. Therefore, IMMEDIATELY SMELL the cut! When cut, a fresh, ripe watermelon should smell like freshly cut grass.

The second sign of an overripe watermelon is a matte, oily rind. Even on the counter, this noticeably distinguishes it from good ripe watermelons, whose skin is smooth and shiny.

Dry ponytail

It’s a shame, but this popular sign among the people only indicates that the watermelon was picked more than 3 days ago.

Not too big size

Again, not a perfect guide on how to choose a ripe watermelon.

Although the people’s idea seems logical: large size can serve as a sign of nitrate feeding. However, there are varieties of watermelons that ripen to a large size on their own and normally weigh up to 17 kg!

Crimson Gloria

For example, a watermelon of the Crimson Gloria variety, the average weight of which should range from 10 to 17 kg. This variety was created in Crimea specifically in order to transport it over long distances.

Now it is often planted on the mainland South of Russia (for example, in the Volgograd region). It is distinguished by well-defined light stripes, a slightly oblong shape, a noticeably thick peel and a not bright red color of the pulp.

Kherson watermelon

But the Kherson watermelon cannot weigh more than 10 kg! When choosing the most beloved variety of watermelon in Ukraine, you can safely arm yourself with a folk sign. A weight of more than 10 kg for a Kherson watermelon is a sure sign of excess nitrates.

You can distinguish Khersonsky from Crimson Gloria by the peel. The Kherson watermelon has a rind that is darker in color and relatively thin.

Varieties Skorik and Photon

Since we are talking about varieties, we will focus on the two most popular early ripening ones - Skorik and Photon. The first has a dark green uniform color, and the second has a noticeably light striped skin. Their maximum weight is 7 kg.

If you want to enjoy watermelon in mid-July, you can also rely on folk sign about low weight. Otherwise, you will end up in your hands with a specimen overfed with nitrates. At the same time, remember that watermelon of any early-ripening variety will not be as sweet and juicy as its long-ripening relative at the end of summer.

Hybrid Chill

Finally, let us draw your attention to interesting variety The chill that was created with an eye on long-term storage. Hybrid Kholodok is a long-ripening variety that ripens only by the end of August.

The main task of its selection was solved with a bang! Its maximum shelf life, even in an apartment, is up to the New Year! To do this, you just need to hang it in a net in a dry, dark place (a ventilated closet on the balcony, a well-appointed cellar, basement or shed).

Find out the date of collection of the batch from the documents

This date must be clearly and legibly indicated in the seller's documents. The shelf life of most varieties does not exceed 3 weeks. After 2-3 weeks, the watermelon turns sour (unnoticeably to the taste buds!).

If the watermelon hasn’t turned sour in 2-3 weeks, then it’s probably been processed. slaked lime, alabaster or paraffin. Just imagine how many harmful substances penetrate through the peel into the pulp of such storage champions!

IMPORTANT! Whatever watermelon you choose, remember that before eating it you should WASH IT THOROUGHLY - WARM WATER+ BRUSH!

How to choose a watermelon at the market

When choosing where to buy food, you should use a sober mind to weigh the benefits and threats and choose a good ripe watermelon.

Of course, it’s so convenient to buy the gifts of summer nearby - at a spontaneous market next to the intersection. However, if you are a fan of market trading, then it is much wiser to choose watermelons in a reputable market with the right organized places sales.

Invulnerability to dirt from the outside is a deceptive illusion that arises when we look at a thick-skinned watermelon. In fact, WATERMELON IS LIKE A SPONGE!

Everything penetrates into it through the damaged peel! This happens especially quickly when making cuts and punctures with a knife. Dirt, bacteria, heavy metals and toxins environment. The longer such a watermelon is not sold, the more dangerous it is for an inattentive buyer.

This is why the media highlight cases of unfortunate poisonings and intestinal infections every year. But many less severe cases remain behind the scenes!

In order not to join the number of unlucky ones, let's remember the signs of a bona fide retail outlet where you can choose the right ripe watermelon:

• Specially designated sales area (watermelons and melons);
• Always under a canopy to protect from sun and rain;
• Strictly away from the roadway;
• 20 cm – minimum height, on which the storage tray should be raised above the ground;
• Availability of a surveillance service certificate for each purchased batch.

How to choose a watermelon in a store

The supermarket is the most understandable place to purchase food for many “children of asphalt” who grew up in the city during the era of active development of store trade.

There are several stable reasons in favor of choosing watermelon in the store:

• Watermelons are constantly stored under a roof;
• Watermelons are kept away from the roadway;
• Storage trays are at the right height to protect against scratches, damage and the penetration of harmful substances;
• Watermelons are purchased in bulk from large, trusted suppliers.

However, there are also disadvantages. The general impression of neatness from shopping in a supermarket often pushes us to choose not a whole watermelon, but a skim or half, which are neatly covered with cling film.

Our advice: stop buying cut watermelon once and for all!

• Unknown reason for dividing a whole watermelon;
• Dirt with bacteria, actively penetrating from the watermelon peel;
• Insufficient hygiene of hands and tools during cutting;
• Covering the cut with film, which creates a greenhouse effect for accelerated growth of bacteria.

All this should discourage you from choosing a cut watermelon, even if you like the look of its juicy flesh. It is better to choose a good, smaller watermelon, perhaps of a different variety, but in no case should you choose halves of large fruits.

Otherwise the signs the right choice ripe sweet watermelon in the store are the same as in the market.

Despite the abundance of new varieties and hybrids, most Russians will call the Astrakhan watermelon variety, bred back in the 70s of the 20th century, the classic and most popular. How to choose an Astrakhan watermelon

It is distinguished by an advantageous property for trade - resistance during storage and transportation. By the end of August, the shelves are filled with the sweetest and largest Astrakhan watermelons. And here the question arises of how to choose an Astrakhan watermelon, and what are the external signs of the popular variety.

Average portrait of a delicious Astrakhan watermelon:

• Shape – round or slightly oblong;
• Surface – smooth;
• Peel color – green;
• Pattern – spiky dark green stripes;
• The color of the pulp is bright red;
• The taste of the pulp is very sweet and juicy;
• The average weight of a watermelon is 8-10 kg.

Below are a few photos of ripe Astrakhan fruits to help you choose a sweet watermelon:

How to choose the right watermelon without nitrates

Maximum permissible concentration of nitrates in watermelon: 60 mg per 1 kg of berries.

We pay attention to the following signs of excess nitrates:

• ROUGH YELLOW FIBERS IN THE PULP that go through the pulp to the peel are a reliable sign of excess nitrates.
• UNEVEN COLOR OF THE PULP (sometimes lighter, sometimes darker, especially as the color intensity increases from the peel to the center) is another sign of excess nitrates.

• CRACKS IN THE PULP ON THE HALF CUT: When there are cracks in the red flesh on the middle cut, then most likely there are a lot of nitrates in the berry. They were added to speed up ripening; as a result, the watermelon began to grow sharply and violently, causing the flesh to crack.
• TOO SMOOTH FLESH can be both a sign of nitrates and a clear indication of a lack of sufficient sweetness. Sweet sugar watermelon has red flesh with a noticeable structure - pronounced sugar grains and “sugar islands” on the cut.

• MULTI-COLORED SEEDS, when one watermelon has completely dark and light seeds.

NITRATE TEST WITH WATER

If you bought a watermelon, but are still in doubt, you can use a test with plain water. Crush a tablespoon of watermelon pulp with a fork in a glass of water (about 150 ml).

1. If after some time the water becomes slightly cloudy, you have a watermelon without excess nitrates.
2. If the water turns red, don’t risk eating your purchase! There are too many nitrates in the pulp.

It is especially advisable to carry out the test when serving watermelon to children or at a crowded feast, when the risk of poisoning affects many people, including the most vulnerable.

IMPORTANT! You can be safe from nitrates by selecting special pieces of pulp. Nitrates in watermelon are distributed unevenly - closer to the rind and to the stalk. In a situation you don’t understand, if you still want to feed your children watermelon, give them only the pulp cut out from the middle.

These are the main parameters for choosing the right watermelon. If you follow our recommendations, you and your loved ones will be satisfied with the choice and will not only benefit, but also enjoy the pleasant taste.

VIDEO: How to choose the right watermelon and 3 ways to cut it

Watermelon, sweet berry- a favorite delicacy at the end of summer. The Russian person has apt language: what someone said, “it’s not the watermelons that begin, but the summer that ends,” perfectly characterizes when you need to get your fill of the southern fruit. Why are Astrakhan watermelons considered the best? There are many reasons and they are related to the properties of the berry. How to get sweet fruit far from Astrakhan, in the Moscow region or in Siberia? Is it possible to subordinate a southern vegetable to a Siberian, let's talk about that.

The history of the appearance of watermelon in Russia

The first mention in fairy tales of a giant berry delivered to the table of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich appeared in 1560. But watermelons grew in Astrakhan long before this moment. The great reformer Peter I ordered the planting of melon fields near Moscow. However, neither the seeds, nor the soil, nor the craftsmen of Astrakhan could grow them in the Moscow region.

In the middle of the 19th century, watermelons from Astrakhan began to be floated down the Volga for sale. Peasants from Tsaritsyn to Kamyshin also started melon fields. Today, Astrakhan watermelons are sought and awaited throughout the country. The fact is that in this area watermelons are grown without chemicals, organically. To protect your product from counterfeiting, a special stamp has been developed that is stuck on each watermelon.

Astrakhan, the watermelon capital, holds “Astrakhan Watermelon Day” in August. This fun party harvest with a theatrical performance. Each participant of the holiday can taste the moon watermelon and take a piece of summer with them.

How does watermelon grow?

What does a watermelon need to grow big and sweet? When sowing watermelon seeds, the soil must be warmed up by at least 14 degrees. Subsequently, the roots develop well and drive nutrition into the berry at a temperature of 30-32. The air temperature is 24-30. When the fruits set, average daily temperature does not fall below 18.

The total energy mass of solar activity for fruit ripening should be 2000-3000, depending on the early ripening of the variety. This means that growing watermelons requires many hot days and very warm nights.

In addition, during the development of 5-6 leaves, the illumination should reach 10,000 lux with less than 12 hours of daylight. If the day is longer, the fruit does not set well, and if the light is about 8 hours, the plant freezes. Bad weather and low temperature provoke the development of diseases, low filling, poor taste of fruits. Therefore, growing watermelon is not easy.

Where is it possible to create such conditions? In the Astrakhan region. Watermelons there are traditionally sweet and the most delicious. At the same time, Astrakhan watermelon is a brand under which a group of varieties are cultivated:

• Astrakhan;
• Yarilo;
• skorik;
• chill.

Moon watermelon, a yellow miracle, is also grown here. In other places, these watermelons taste like pumpkin, but in Astrakhan they are a favorite delicacy of the villagers. This is a very delicate fruit with a thin crust, unsuitable for storage and transportation. That’s why you won’t find a lunar watermelon in Moscow during the day with fire.

The Astrakhan watermelon is distinguished by the contrast between dark and light stripes closer to the tail. The spot that remains after touching the ground should be small and orange. The tail is dried out, but not dry. When do Astrakhan watermelons ripen? In Moscow they can appear only in August.

Which watermelon should you not buy?

It doesn’t matter what kind of watermelon you bring home - Astrakhan, Uzbek or from Kazakhstan, you cannot buy watermelon in the following cases:

• on the side of busy highways, as watermelons absorb gases and become polluted;
• a large white or light spot indicates a lack of heat for ripening;
• damage to the rind - a puncture indicates that the watermelon was pumped with saltpeter for rapid ripening, a rotten rind indicates internal rot;
• the watermelon should not be damaged;
• no ponytail - wait for a catch;
• you need to choose an average specimen weighing 5-7 kg.

The main danger awaits impatient lovers of early watermelons, which are grown using heavy doses of fertilizers. Therefore, it is a good idea to get a device to measure nitrates in greens.

How to grow watermelon at home?

You can grow a delicious watermelon by observing the heat and light conditions. In addition, it is important to comply with all requirements:

• choosing a landing site;
• sowing or planting seedlings in warm soil;
• timely and fertilizing;
• disease and pest control;
• formation of lashes.

Depending on the region, methods have been developed for growing watermelons at home. You can cultivate in open ground, in greenhouses or greenhouses. Usually, at home in central Russia, watermelons are grown through seedlings. The seedling period is responsible for development, especially during the formation of the fifth and sixth leaves. Necessary during cultivation on the windowsill.

The choice of landing site is very important. The plant must be exposed to light for at least 10 hours. Loves virgin watermelon or sod land. In summer cottage conditions, it can grow after onions, cabbage, root vegetables, beans or peas. He likes sandy loam soil. Watermelon grows well in a manure bed with biological heating. Since at the beginning of summer in the middle zone the earth warms up late, growing watermelons in greenhouses and on warm ridges works better. The distance between plants is 70 cm, between rows in open ground is 1.4 meters.

In protected ground, the lashes are carried with a vertical garter and hanging the filling fruits so that they do not break the bush with their weight. Usually no more than three watermelons are left on the plant. The more ovaries, the longer it will take to fill and ripen. And in the middle zone and northern regions there is no such time.

Watermelons are responsive to watering and fertilizing, but it should be noted that nitrogen components accumulate in the fruits and spoil their taste. It is generally accepted that fertilizing with saltpeter can be done only in the first half of summer; later, under the influence of solar energy, this nitrogen will have time to turn into useful material. Abundant watering of the plant should be reduced as the fruits fill. During ripening, watermelons are not watered. Often, fruits at home grow smaller, but are tastier than those brought from warm regions.

Video about growing watermelons