3 x pitched roof. Construction of a gable roof: calculations and main elements. Construction of a gable roof

06.03.2020

Read also

Boy at Christ's Christmas tree (Dostoevsky)

How does the Holy Trinity icon help and what is its meaning?

Three pitched roof is more complex design, compared to a conventional single-slope one. Despite this, some owners of country and private houses prefer it. If measurements are taken correctly and materials are selected competently, then such a roof will become a decoration of a residential building and will protect it for several decades. Such a roof is often built over winter gardens, gazebos and other similar objects to give the building an elegant appearance.

Construction of a gable roof

A gable roof has many differences from a gable roof. They consist of installing two slanted rafters that will form a hip slope. In addition, you will need structures that will support the rafters. The slanted rafters should be longer than the side rafters, so for their manufacture you should choose a board of more impressive length and thickness. As alternative solution You can splice existing lumber.

A three-pitched roof will have a frame that is formed by the following elements:

Mauerlat;
sill;
floor beams;
racks;
ridge beam;
rafters;
truss;
struts.

As for the Mauerlat, it is a beam located along the perimeter of the external walls. With its help, it is possible to redistribute the load on the walls. A bench is an intermediate beam that is located on the internal load-bearing walls. But from the boards that are on the Mauerlat, they are formed. They act as a frame between the attic or attic, as well as the floor. A three-pitched roof must have racks that look like supporting vertical beams. With their help you can hold the roof frame. Whereas the ridge beam is laid on vertical racks, acting as a support for the rafters. The last of the named elements are boards that are mounted with a certain step and located on the ridge beam.

Additional components

At the bottom of the rafters they rest on the Mauerlat. They are divided into oblique and lateral. The vertical support is a truss; it supports the slanted rafters. Struts are boards that should be located at an angle of 45° to the horizontal. Struts are spacers between floor beams or floor beams and rafters. The components should be connected to each other with metal corners or plates; they are fixed with nails, nuts or self-tapping screws.

Carrying out calculations

If you are constructing a gable roof for your house, you will need to make calculations. To do this, the ridge is measured, as well as the length of the walls. In the latter case, it is necessary to measure the perimeter. Then you need to determine the difference between these values. The resulting number should be divided by two. This length should be measured on each side parallel to the ridge. The next step is to check the length of the ridge and the average length of the walls that are parallel to it. The calculation must be repeated for the wall on which the hips will be installed; they are triangular parts of the roof.

Measurements should start from the center point of the beam section. Then you should measure the parameters of the side wall, dividing the resulting figure by two. This value is measured from the center line of the wall. In order to reduce errors, it is recommended to use a measuring rod. Experts recommend abandoning roulette, as there is a possibility of errors occurring during installation work. This kind of roof is durable, so the installation of a roofing pie is recommended for use in areas that are characterized by strong winds and earthquakes.

Installation features: preparation of material

The three-pitched roof, photos of which are presented in the article, should be installed after preparing the material. Traditionally used for lathing softwood lumber, which is prepared by drying under a canopy. Its residual moisture content should not exceed 20%. When choosing a material, you need to check it for traces of mold and rot, as well as darkening.

The lumber must be coated with an antiseptic, and to increase its fire-fighting properties - with a fire-retardant composition. When gable roofs are made with your own hands, the mauerlat is usually made from square-section timber; its side can be 100 or 150 mm. Whereas rafters and floor beams can be made of 50 mm boards, the width of which is 200 mm or more. In this case, the workpieces should be turned with the narrow side down, this will reduce sagging.

Working on sloped rafters

Sloping rafters will undergo high loads; they must be made of timber rectangular section, the dimensions of which are 100x150 mm. Sloping rafters can be made from two fused boards, trimmings are placed between them, and then the system is pulled together with a pin.

The sheathing is important element roofing system, it is made of 20 mm boards, which are laid on the rafters with a certain pitch. These elements must be located parallel to the ridge beam. If a soft roof is being installed, the sheathing must be solid; plywood must be used for this. To complete the roof, you can use a roofing covering, which will play the role of waterproofing. You will need insulation and vapor barrier.

Work technology

If you are thinking about how to make a gable roof, then you first need to lay the mauerlat. The timber should be placed along its length and joined at the corners. The element must be moved to the inside. The mauerlat is fixed to the brick walls with anchors, but first it is necessary to lay the rolled waterproofing material in two layers. The timber is treated with an antiseptic, and planks are laid on the internal walls; a waterproofing coating should be placed between the wood and the wall.

A three-pitched roof for the extension is also suitable. In this case, it is necessary to act according to the described technology. To do this, floor beams should be laid on top of the Mauerlat using boards with dimensions of 50x200 mm. The board should be located at the end, which will increase the rigidity against deflection. The beams are laid in a certain order, first the outer ones, then the intermediate ones. The distance between them can be any, but it should be limited to a range from 50 to 120 cm. If you plan to insulate the ceiling, then you should leave a distance of 60 cm between the beams. And the height of the floor beams should be adjusted with wooden pads.

Work methodology

The three-pitched roof of the extension to the house must have vertical posts. They are laid on floor beams or beams. They can be installed and secured using temporary supports and jibs. The racks are fixed to the beams with wood or metal overlays. The number of racks should be such that the step between them does not exceed two meters. The post should be located at the edge of the roof, which forms a vertical gable. There is a ridge beam on the stand, which is fixed with overlays or corners.

Side rafters are inclined rafters, the upper end of which is fixed on the ridge beam, while the lower end is fixed on the mauerlat. They must be made according to a template. It is cut from it required quantity rafters that are fixed to the ridge beam and rafter leg.

The side rafters are reinforced with struts. Their thickness should be equal to the thickness of the beams and rafters. Sloping rafters rest on boards or beams. Fixation is carried out with corners or overlays. Once installed, you can get rid of the temporary jibs and perform the sheathing. Under corrugated sheets and metal tiles it should be sparse, while for ondulin it should be solid. This applies to all types of soft roofing.

Conclusion

A three-pitched roof quite often becomes a decoration not only of a residential building, but also of a bathhouse, gazebo, and also buildings for any other purpose. When the hip slope is oriented towards the prevailing wind load, the roof gains the ability to withstand fairly strong winds, which makes it more durable.

Currently, there is a great variety of roof shapes and roofing coverings used for country house construction. The choice depends only on the personal wishes of the owners, as well as on the parameters of the house. Among the most popular types is the gable roof. It looks quite nice, and it’s quite possible to build such a structure with your own hands.

The gable roof is used to cover houses, terraces or cottages. It is formed using three slopes that differ in shape. One of them is triangular, but the other two are made in the shape of a trapezoid. The structure of a gable roof can be divided into two main parts:

roof having two slopes;
a hip roof, which is installed over the uncovered area of the house.

Most main parameter gable roof - the correct calculation of the combination of these main parts of the structure.

To ensure the stability of the roof, it is necessary to carry out all measurements correctly, as well as determine the size of the roof, which will be formed by two slopes and a hip. Even before starting work, you will need to calculate the overall slope of the gable roof.

The design of a gable roof can be divided into:

triangular hip slope;
side slope shaped like a trapezoid;
roof ridge;
inclined rib.

Concerning design features gable roof, then they are in many ways similar to a regular one. The rafter system is installed after the Mauerlat is installed. It is a support beam with a cross-section of 10x10 - 15x15 centimeters, which is laid on top of the walls. The Mauerlat is attached to a pre-installed iron “belt”. But if the walls of the house are made of logs or beams, the installation of such a reinforced structure will not be required. This is due big difference in weight of metal and wood. The upper beams of the walls will serve as the Mauerlat in wooden houses.

According to the method of arrangement, the rafter legs of a three-pitch structure can be:

with a slant;
diagonal.

In the first case, the rafters are installed, pointing at the inner corners of the walls. In the second location option - to the outside.

Diagonal rafters differ from the mowing system by being longer. But at the same time, you can resort to a system of building up boards. Distinctive feature organizing rafter systems for gable roofs is the requirement to connect three rafter legs In one place. This point acts as the beginning or end of the ridge board. It is necessary to determine the central rafter, which will be the main and additional (pitched), guided by this design.

Materials

To create the frame of a gable roof truss system, it is necessary to prepare materials for the following elements:
Mauerlat - timber with a section of 10x10 or 15x15 cm, which is mounted along the entire perimeter of the external walls. It helps redistribute the load of the roofing pie on the building;

bed - an intermediate beam with a section of 10x10 or 15x15 cm, which is mounted on the load-bearing walls of the house located inside;
floor beams - boards with a cross-section of 5x20 cm, which are laid on the mauerlat beam. They act as a frame for the interfloor ceiling;
racks - vertical support beams with a cross-section of 10x10 or 15x15 cm, designed to support the frame of the roofing pie;
ridge beam - support for the rafter system. It is laid on vertical racks;
rafters - boards with a cross-section of 5x20 cm, resting on a ridge beam and racks in the upper part of the roof, and their lower part is laid on the mauerlat beam. They are mounted with a certain step. For slanted rafters, choose beams with a section of 10x15 cm or spliced boards;
spengel - a vertical support that serves to support the rafters;
struts - boards mounted at angles of 45 degrees. They act as spacers between rafters and floor beams or beams;
battens - boards with a thickness of 2 cm, which are mounted on rafter legs, observing a certain step, parallel to the ridge beam. If a soft roof is to be laid, then plywood or OSB boards are used as sheathing.

Connect all elements to metal corners and overlays that are attached to nails, self-tapping screws or threaded rods with nuts. In addition to lumber, you will need to purchase hydro- and windproof films, as well as insulation and vapor barrier.
Wood must be selected suitable quality- residual moisture no more than 15-20 percent, without rot, traces of mold and darkening. Before installation, the material must be coated with special antiseptics to increase fire-fighting properties, and with fire retardants.

Calculation of a three-slope rafter system

To calculate, you need to make the following measurements:

skate;
the length of the walls, their perimeter is calculated;

Afterwards, the difference between the measured values is determined. The resulting number must be divided by two. This length is measured on each wall that is parallel to the ridge. Next, the length of the ridge and the average length of the walls that are parallel to it are checked. The calculation must be repeated for the wall on which the hip is planned to be installed - the triangular part of the roof. Changes start from the center point of the beam section. After this, it is necessary to measure the parameters of the side wall. This value is divided by two. The resulting value is measured from the center line of the wall. This must be done on the drawing.

To reduce errors, it is best to use a special measuring rod. From using roulette experienced craftsmen recommended due to the high probability of errors occurring when installing the roof.

The gable roof rafter system is highly durable. Installation of such a roofing pie is recommended for use in areas characterized by strong winds and frequent earthquakes.

Manufacturing of rafter system

It will be more convenient to install a gable roof if you have a schematic drawing, which marks the location of all rafter legs.

Stages of work

First, you will need to create a connection between the end of the ridge beam and the system post (beam) in order to obtain a structure that has support. It will serve as the basis for connecting the diagonal rafters.
The rack is installed on a ceiling beam, tie rod, or attic board. The main requirement is to take into account the features of the attic. Will it be a living space or not, heated or cold. Completing it with crossbars and special struts will give greater reliability to the fastening.
After this, the installation of the rafter system begins. The installation of beams is carried out using special rigs, and also truss trusses, in the case of a large span.

You can eliminate the installation of truss trusses, depending on the method of using the attic and the shape of the future roof.

The rafter legs must be installed in increments ranging from 60 to 90 cm. Determining the distance between them will depend on the size of the roofing sheet, as well as on the material. The pitch of the rafter legs also depends on whether it will be insulated attic space or not.

The insulation has considerable weight, which must be taken into account when installing the rafter system.

The ridge must be selected with a size depending on the slope with which the roof will be mounted. The hip is a slope that has a triangular shape; it is formed by two or three rafter legs. In case the device is meant skylights, you will need to install additional diagonal rafters. These will act as support for the holes under window openings. If installing diagonal beams is not possible, then there is another option for strengthening the system - three additional rafters are installed.
Rafter legs of a diagonal arrangement are mounted with emphasis on the mauerlat beam. This must be done while maintaining a right angle. This installation will guarantee proper operation rafter system and durability of the roofing pie.
If it is necessary to cover a small span, the work can be done using crossbars or crossbars. They will act as an excellent frame for laying sheathing boards and installing roofing.
When installing rafter legs on the mauerlat beam, you will need to create notches. This peculiar type of fastening consists of making small notches on the rafter boards with a depth not exceeding one quarter of the width of the mauertat beam.
To avoid deterioration of the load-bearing capacity of the system, it is necessary to make cuts only on the rafter legs, leaving the mauerlat beam intact. An installation error can lead to a significant weakening of the roofing pie.
When all the diagonal supports are installed, it is necessary to organize the roof overhang. It should exceed 50 cm. A larger overhang is provided by increasing the output of the rafters.

For the construction of private houses, owners use various shapes roofing and covering materials. We invite you to consider what a gable roof is and how to make it yourself.

Roof with three slopes

A three-slope system is a unique roof structure for a house, terrace, cottage, which is formed by three slopes, one of which is triangular, two additional trapezoidal. This design has two main parts: a gable roof and a hip, which covers the uncovered area of the house. The most important parameter in such a roof is the calculation the right combination designs.

It is necessary to consider what size the gable roof, hips and the general slope of the gable system. If the measurements are taken incorrectly, the roof will be unstable.

Photo - Three-pitched roof

The three-slope structure consists of:

Triangular hip slope;
The side slope is trapezoidal;
Roof ridge;
Sloping rib.

The rafter system of a gable roof is not fundamentally very different from a standard gable roof. It begins to be installed after installing the Mauerlat. Before starting work, it is necessary to install an iron “belt” on the walls of the building, which will support the reinforced structure during installation. If you work with logs or beams, then such a belt is not needed. Wood is much lighter than metal; in addition, in this case, the crowns of the walls of the house (the upper ends) act as the Mauerlat.

Photo - Three-pitched roof

The rafters of a gable roof are:

With a slant;
Diagonal arrangement.

The first option is characterized by the direction to the corners of the walls that are located inside the building, and the second to those located outside. By and large, such rafter systems are installed on roofs with valleys and hip systems.

Diagonal gable rafters are longer than sloping systems, but a plank extension system can be used for their construction. Main feature The rafter system of a roof with three slopes is that the connection of the three rafters is carried out at one point, which should be either the beginning or the end of the ridge board. Based on this design, the central (main rafter) and additional (pitched) rafters are determined.

Video: view of the gable roof of the terrace

How to make a gable roof rafter system

To make rafters for a gable roof, you need to connect the end of the ridge beam and the system post (beam), forming a structure with a support. The main connection of the diagonal rafter boards will be made on it;
This stand can be mounted on ceiling beam, tightening, attic boards, the main thing to consider is whether the attic will be residential or not, warm or cold. To make this fastening more reliable, you need to complete the connection using crossbars and special struts;
Next, the system for the triangular roof is installed. To install the rafters, it is necessary to use special trusses, as well as truss trusses if the roof has a large span. In principle, this is not necessary, it all directly depends on how you will use the attic and what shape the roof will be;
Beams in a gable system are installed in increments from 60 cm to 90, depending on the size of the sheets and what material is used for the coating. You also need to consider whether the attic is insulated or not, because... insulation weighs quite a lot in relation to other building materials;
The size of the ridge directly depends on the angle of the roof. A hip-shaped or triangular slope is formed by two or three rafters. If you are planning to install windows or windows in the attic, then you must also use diagonal rafters. Which will be an excellent support for window openings. If it is not possible to install diagonal beams, then you can use rafter “legs”; you will need three products;
Diagonally shaped rafters rest against the Mauerlat at a right angle of 90 degrees, only this can guarantee the correct structure and durability of the roof;
For a short span, you can use crossbars or crossbars, which will then become an excellent frame for lathing and installing corrugated sheets;
To install rafters on the mauerlat, it is necessary to use unique types of fastenings - notches. They are small wooden notches that are made directly on the rafters; their depth should be no more than a quarter of the width of the beam;
Such cuts can only be made in the rafters; the Mauerlat must be without them, otherwise it will be reduced load bearing capacity, the roof structure will be significantly weakened;
After installing all the diagonal supports, you need to free the rafters from the structure by 50 centimeters, this will adjust the roof overhang. If you plan to have a deeper canopy above the ground, then extend the rafter boards further;
To the length that you have released the rafters, you must also release the legs of the roof;

Before starting work, be sure to make at least a schematic drawing of a gable roof, view our step by step photos and video recommendations. Then installation will be much faster and easier.

Photo - Three-pitched roof on the terrace

How to calculate a three-slope system

To calculate such a roof, you need to measure the ridge, then the length of the walls (calculate the perimeter), and isolate the difference in parameters from the obtained values. We divide the resulting number in half, and measure from each wall parallel to the ridge the length that was obtained as a result of measurements and calculations. Now you need to check the length of the ridge and the average length of the walls parallel to it. Also, the same calculation must be done with the wall on which the triangular part of the roof will be installed. The measurement should start from the center of the beam section. Then measure the size of the side wall and divide it in half, marking the center of the wall on the drawing or construction diagram.

Photo - Three-pitch roof design

When constructing blood, many builders advise working with a special measuring tape rather than a tape measure, then errors will be minimized.

Photo - Structure of a pitched roof

The gable roof installation is the most accurate and durable of all modern systems, its high load-bearing capacity allows the installation of systems in areas with strong winds or frequent earthquakes.

Three-pitched roof. Device and application options.

Surely many of you have heard about gable roofs, but few have seen it constructive solution firsthand. Nevertheless, experienced specialists speak exceptionally well of three-pitch roofs: they have non-standard shape and at the same time there is only one complex node in rafter system. A sufficiently qualified roofer can handle this task without any problems. The repair and construction company “CADET-SPb” has them on its staff. Our builders are ready to complete both a three-slope extension and a full-fledged roof of this extraordinary shape.

Scheme of a gable roof

A gable roof means a structure consisting of three slopes: two trapezoidal side slopes and one triangular slope, which is placed perpendicular to them. To better understand the shape, let’s decipher: such a roof consists of two main components: a classic gable roof, which completely covers the length of the house and one hip, which covers the width of the house at one of the edges.

The determining point, in the case of a gable roof, is the correct ratio of the roof area of the house that will be allocated to the gable part and the hip part. This choice will ultimately determine the overall appearance of the roof and its strength.

From structural elements Experts highlight three-pitched roofs:

Hip or triangular slope;
Trapezoidal or lateral slope;
Skate;
Sloping rib.

Features of the roof truss system of three slopes

For gable roofs there are two possible types rafter systems:

Diagonal;
Mowing.

Diagonal rafters are directed to the inner corners of the walls, and slanting rafters, on the contrary, to the outer corners. Typically, these types are used to build complex roof structures: those with valleys and hips. Slanted rafters are often much shorter. The load on diagonal rafters is within normal limits, so they can be obtained by pairing (increasing their length) existing rafter beams.

A distinctive feature of the gable roof rafter system is the joining of three rafters, which is performed at the junction of the ridges of all three slopes: trapezoidal and hip. In order for the connection to be sufficiently strong, it is recommended to further strengthen the connection point with the help of ties.

As for the material for the construction of the rafter system, they are considered the best classic board 25x150 millimeters. It is also most often used when installing a rafter system. gable roof. By the way, right on time construction work These boards can be sawn into slats, which are perfect for sheathing.

There is no clear answer to the question of choosing a wood type, but if your budget is moderate, then you should choose pine. In case there is an opportunity to spend on more durable material, the best option there will be larch. All construction timber requires mandatory treatment with protective compounds against pests, mold and fire.

A three-slope extension is a great solution!

As you already understood, the shape of the roof of three slopes suggests the possibility of using it for extensions to the main house. These could be, for example winter Garden or a garage for a car. Also, an ordinary canopy over the entrance to the house can get this roof shape if the owners decide to better equip it.

If a gable roof will be used to cover an extension, experienced experts recommend taking seriously the insulation of the junction of the two side slopes to the wall of the house. This follows from the fact that the structure of this roof is already very reliable, and an adjoining would create an extra opportunity for roof leakage.

Otherwise, the construction of a gable roof, be it an extension or a full-fledged covering of a house, is not a difficult task; any certified roofer can handle it. It is only worth noting that not all specialists have similar experience: installation of joining rafters of three different ridges. Whatever one may say, this task cannot be classified as simple, because the construction of the rafter system hip roof much more complex than its common gable counterpart.

Well, to summarize, I would like to note that gable roofs are undeservedly so widespread in Russian low-rise construction. A roof of three slopes is a reliable and moderately complex solution that will allow owners to acquire a unique and attractive roof. We also recommend considering the option of installing a three-slope extension to the house.

Three-pitched roof - professionals will do it for you

Construction of a gable roof by KADEt-SPb specialists! Our professionals will take on both a three-slope extension and a full-fledged roof of three slopes

Construction of a gable roof: calculations and main elements

You can often find the search for “three-pitched roof of a house” on the Internet. However, not everyone understands that such a design is relevant not for the entire building frame (not for entire houses), but for its extensions. And if such a roof is covered identical to the main one roofing material, then in the end the house will look original and ornate. All about the gable roof in detail in the material below.

Triangular roof: definition

It is worth knowing that a triangular roof is a kind of hip structure of the rafter system. That is, it has two slopes in the shape of a trapezoid and only one (unlike the envelope roof) slope in the shape of a triangle. It's called a hip. Second triangular part similar design is absent, since such a roof skeleton is erected over extensions to the house. That is, it is adjacent to the main end wall of the building. As a result, such a roof simply does not need a second hip.

Purpose of a triangular roof

Most often, this roof space design is used over various extensions to the house, such as:

Veranda;
Terrace;
Porch;
Garage;
Winter Garden;
Auxiliary area (boiler room and other outbuildings).

The main role of such an overlap, in addition to protection from precipitation, is decorative. That is, provided that the same roofing material is used as on the main roof, the triangular hip roof will represent an organic addition to the architectural design of the house.

Triangular roof frame elements

Just like the rafter system of a hip structure, the skeleton of a gable roof is made from a set of the following elements:

Mauerlat. Wooden frame of the extension, which is laid on special construction studs. It is important not to forget to cover the layer waterproofing material under the Mauerlat tree.
Ridge run. It is the highest support point of any roof. It is on the ridge beam that the rafter legs rest.
Diagonal rafters. Wooden frame elements that are mounted at an angle to the ridge beam. There are two pieces, extending from the ridge in the form of rays and resting on the mauerlat, they form a kind of triangle, the base of which is the mauerlat tree along the end wall of the extension.
Central rafter. A frame element that extends on both sides of the ridge perpendicular to its length. There should be 4 such fragments. Moreover, two of them will serve as diagonal rafters in the rear (end) part of the roof, which abuts the wall of the house.
Intermediate rafters. Install between the central ones in increments of 40-70 cm, depending on the finishing roofing material.
Narozhniki (short rafters). They are installed between two diagonal rafters along the hip and between them and the central rafters along the trapezoidal part of the roof. That is, the upper end of such frame legs is connected to the corner rafters, and the lower end is connected to the mauerlat. Moreover, these legs should be located strictly parallel to the central legs along the trapezoid, and strictly perpendicular to the length of the mauerlat along the hip. That is, the closer to the corners of the house, the shorter these legs will be.
Raskosin. Wooden beam elements that are used to enhance the rigidity of the structure. They are mounted at an angle relative to the element being strengthened.
Sprengel. A wooden beam element that is laid at the inner corners of the Mauerlat to increase its rigidity.
Vertical racks. They serve as supports for the ridge beam and rest against the wooden purlin.

Important: in order for all frame elements to be as rigid as possible, they need to be reinforced with metal steel brackets, corners, etc. And before installing the roof, it is advisable to treat all its wooden fragments with antiseptics and fire retardants. At the same time, for the manufacture of all fragments of the roof skeleton, it is better to use timber or boards with a moisture content of 16-20%. With higher humidity, the wood will begin to dry out over time, which will lead to subsidence of the structure and its possible destruction.

Calculations for a gable roof

If you do not know how to make a triangular rafter system, then first of all you need to calculate all the frame elements in length and thickness, and also calculate the load on the entire rafter system. As a rule, calculations should be carried out by an experienced architect, who will determine the level of the slope angle and the corresponding wind or sediment load on the roof. But here it is worth knowing that the main feature of this design is its partial protection from the wind, regardless of the angles of the slopes. And here is the level snow load should be taken into account according to all the rules.

Here it is worth knowing that according to SNiP, the load of snow precipitation on the roof is 180 kg/m2. If it is snowy crust, then it is already 400 kg/m2. That is, all parts of the rafter system must have a sufficient cross-section to withstand the load and must be reinforced with braces.

Important: if the slope angle of such a roof is higher than 50-60 degrees, then the snow load can not be taken into account.

Tip: the corner (diagonal) legs of the frame will rest on maximum load. Therefore, these elements of the skeleton of a gable roof of a terrace, veranda or porch must be as strong as possible. As a rule, for these purposes, thickness-joined timber or boards with a cross-section of 100x50 mm are used.

The main nuances of installing a triangular roof

When constructing a triangular roof structure, the following rules should be followed:

Rafters are best installed using the cutting method. That is, make special cuts in them in the shape of the ridge and mauerlat.
It is prohibited to make cuts in the Mauerlat itself. This weakens the structure.
The depth of the cut at the base of the rafter should not be more than a quarter of its section.
Be sure to provide an overhang to protect the walls from precipitation by eaves. To do this, the protrusion of the rafter legs beyond the walls of the extension must be at least 50 cm.
All connection points of the rafter system must be connected securely. In this case, the corner rafters and the ridge are connected by cutting the former and joining them on the console at an angle of only 90 degrees.

Construction of a gable roof

So, let's start installing the gable roof. First of all, it is worth making markings along the base of the floor and the mauerlat, so that in the future all elements of the frame can be mounted without displacement. To carry out measuring and marking work, it is better to use not a tape measure, but a special measuring rod made of plywood. This way there will be fewer errors in the markings. The markings are made in accordance with the existing drawing. That is, first from central axis end wall lay a straight line parallel to the two long walls of the extension. The length of the ridge beam is marked on it. Here, on this line and parallel to the mauerlat, the location points of all rafter legs are marked. Now you can begin installing the frame.

First, two vertical posts are installed on the laid purlin, one of which will rest against the wall of the house. It can be additionally secured with special staples or pins.
A ridge beam is laid on the posts reinforced with braces.
Central rafters are installed from the beam on both sides, thus forming a kind of truss. It is better to join the legs not with an overlap, but by cutting the timber at an angle and joining it end-to-end.
After installing the central legs, the corner legs are installed. They are taken strictly to the corners of the extension and at the same time they are also joined end-to-end, and not overlapping.
Here you need to stretch the central rafter from the ridge to the base of the triangle hip.
And finally, all that remains is to install all the intermediate and short legs. Their step may depend on the desire of the master to make a window in the attic under-roof space.

All that remains is to sheathe the resulting roof frame for the extension to the house, lay the roofing cake and the finishing roofing covering on it. Now the roof with three slopes is completely ready.

Advice: if you are in doubt own strength When constructing such a structure, it is better to enlist the support and advice of professionals.

Three-pitched roof for a house and terrace: how to make an extension

Definition of a gable roof and purpose. Frame elements and structural calculations. Design and installation features of a gable roof.

Three-pitched roof: do-it-yourself design and installation

Central Russia, rich in coniferous and deciduous forests, is considered the cradle of wooden construction. Traditional home, a chopped five-wall building, was built precisely from wood, and this elegant, spacious tower was crowned with a three-pitched roof. Driving along the roads of our country, lined with small villages on both sides, please note that the roofing of most houses is of this type.

Despite its ancient history and tradition, a gable roof for a private house looks modern and stylish, which is why architects use it in the most ambitious design projects. Using the knowledge of ancient architects and modern, functional materials for construction, precise calculations achieve a stunning appearance, original and unique. In this article you will find all the necessary information for its design and construction.

Design Features

The design of a gable roof of a house is somewhat more complicated than a gable roof. The main difficulty is that three elements are connected at one point - two slanted rafter legs and a ridge girder. Making this connection with your own hands correctly is a delicate job that only a professional can do high level, which can perform an accurate calculation. The roof consists of the following elements, which are shown in the diagram:

Roof slopes. One of them, the frontal one, has the shape of an equilateral triangle, the other two are trapezoids. The angle of inclination is formed by a frame, which consists of ordinary and slanted rafters, eaves and auxiliary supporting elements of a gable roof. To determine the angle of inclination of the slopes, a calculation is performed or the recommendations of the roofing material manufacturer are used.
Rafter legs. Smooth, strong boards, installed with a thin edge for greater rigidity, with one side they rest on the Mauerlat, and the other on the ridge girder. In the construction of a gable roof, three types of rafters are used: ordinary, external and diagonal. Diagonal ones form the hip, and ordinary and outer ones support trapezoidal slopes. Diagonal, also called oblique, carry increased load, therefore, to make them with your own hands, they use boards with a cross-section that is twice as large as ordinary rafters, or simply splice them together.
Lathing. The boards, fixed perpendicular to the rafters in rows, provide support for the roofing material. To install the sheathing, unedged boards or sheets of moisture-resistant plywood laid in solid wood are used. Lattice lathing is used for metal tiles, corrugated sheets, and solid lathing for roll materials and soft roofing.
Mauerlat. A support beam used as a base for attaching rafter legs. It distributes the weight of the roof structure across the load-bearing partitions and redirects it to the foundation of the house.
Horse. The junction of the rafter legs, the highest point of the roof, its peak.
The intersections of slopes form valleys and grooves.
Overhangs. The protruding parts of the roof, formed by rafters or fillies, protect the walls of the house from moisture and wind. In order for them to effectively perform the tasks assigned to them, their length must be 40-50 cm or more. Based on their location, they distinguish between cornice and pediment overhangs.
Drain gutter. One of the elements of the roof drainage system, it ensures the removal of water from the roof.
Water intake funnels. Precipitation water is collected and directed downstream through the drainage system.
Drainpipe. She endures rainwater into the storm drain.

A roof consisting of 3 slopes is difficult to design and labor-intensive during construction, so a novice builder cannot do it with his own hands, unless with the help of a highly qualified roofing specialist who will take on the design and calculations.

Composition of the rafter system

The rafter system of a gable roof includes elements of a hip and gable roof. They are connected to each other and, interacting, distribute the considerable weight of the three slopes among themselves. It includes:

Mauerlat. As already mentioned, this is a beam with a cross-section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm, which acts as a support for attaching the rafter legs. It is located on the external supporting walls of the house.
Sill. A beam of the same cross-section as the Mauerlat, performing the same functions, only its placement is internal load-bearing partition, which is used to install vertical racks of a layered rafter system.
Ridge run. A block that is installed at the junction of the rafter legs. It rests on ridge posts.
Ridge racks. Vertical supports made of timber that support the ridge of a gable roof, transferring its weight to the supporting structure interior wall, that is, ultimately, on the foundation.
Ordinary rafter legs. Boards with a section of 50x150 mm supporting trapezoidal roof slopes. The upper part they are attached to the ridge girder, and the lower part to the mauerlat.
Narozhniki. Or, as they are also called half-legs, they have different lengths, increasing with distance from the hip. The upper part of them is secured to the diagonal rafters, and not to the ridge girder.
Diagonal rafters. Two rafter legs that extend from the ridge to the two corners of the house in which the gable roof is installed. They form a hip slope and are longer than ordinary ones. Therefore, they need to be made from boards of larger cross-section.
Sprengel farms. Supporting elements triangular shape for diagonal rafters of a gable roof. They are installed if the length of the rafters is too long, when they sag. Their necessity is determined by the calculation of the load on the diagonal rafters.
Struts. Supports located at an angle of 45 degrees support the rafter legs, protecting them from deflection.

The gable roof rafter system includes a large number of parts. How larger area to be covered, the more auxiliary elements are introduced to ensure the rigidity of the structure, the more complex its design. Please note that in this case, the under-roof space is cluttered with all kinds of supports, which reduce the possibility of its use as a living space.

Types of rafter systems

The different layout of the structure under construction allows the use of one of two types of rafter systems, differing in the number of supports used:

Hanging. It is used if a load-bearing partition is not provided inside the house. In the absence of support in the middle, the rafter legs rest only on the outer walls, exerting a strong bursting load on them. Therefore, to stabilize the system, numerous auxiliary elements are introduced that make the roof structure heavier. The hanging system is difficult to install with your own hands.

Experienced roofers recommend giving preference to the layered rafter system of a gable roof, since it is more reliable and stable, and is easier to calculate and design. The roof frame is made by hand from metal or wood. If the choice fell on metal supports, it is better to use corners. But most often supporting elements made from wood, it is a cheaper, more accessible material.

Construction process

To build a gable roof with your own hands, you need to purchase necessary lumber, roofing material, waterproofing film, fasteners, insulation and vapor barrier membrane. All wooden elements treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants to reduce the risk of fire and damage to wood. Installation is carried out according to the following plan:

Install the Mauerlat. If the house is built of gas silicate or brick, then along the upper edge of the walls on which the slopes will rest they create a reinforced concrete belt, a screed into which they are embedded metal studs for attaching the Mauerlat. IN wooden house the support beam is attached to anchor bolts, and in some cases its role is played by the upper rims of the frame. A waterproofing layer must be laid between the wall and the mauerlat, for example, roofing material folded in half. The fastening studs are located between the insertion points of the rafter legs. Like the Mauerlat, the bench is also secured.

Flooring roofing material

Before covering a gable roof with roofing material, it is waterproofed. A roll of film is stretched on the surface of the earth and cut into strips. Then, using a construction stapler, they are fixed to the rafters horizontally, with an overlap of 10-15 cm. A counter-batten made of a thin lath is attached on top of the waterproofing and the sheathing is mounted. For metal tiles and corrugated sheets, a lattice lathing scheme is suitable, but for a soft roof only a solid one.

Laying the roofing material begins from the bottom, placing the sheets or cuts so that they overlap each other at the joints by 10 cm. All seams and corners between the slopes are treated with silicone-based sealant. Only the fasteners that were supplied with the roofing material are used. Usually these are special nails or self-tapping screws, made of galvanized metal, equipped with a rubber head. When twisted, such a cap is flattened to protect the hole from moisture, so the roof will not leak.

A three-pitched roof is not only an aesthetic, but also a functional solution for arranging a roof, the costs of which pay off for a long time operation and high degree protection from wind and precipitation!

How to make a gable roof with your own hands

What does a gable roof look like and what are the features of its design? The process of building a roof with your own hands, step by step video instructions.

Among the huge number of implemented roofing structures The gable roof is not common and is often the result of a compromise between practicality and spectacularity. appearance building. Most often, a gable roof is used as an element of a complex architectural solution, in which several types are intertwined load-bearing frames. But this does not mean that three-slope schemes cannot be used as independent roof houses, and there are plenty of examples of such buildings.

Advantages and disadvantages of a gable roof

The structure of a three-pitch roof structure can be easily understood from the photographs and diagrams provided. There is nothing unusual or supernatural about it; it has a pitched roof of three planes. In fact, such a scheme can be considered as half of a classic hip structure, taking into account some of the features of the three-pitched scheme:

An asymmetrical design, in which two classic slopes and one hip are implemented, leads to uneven loading of the walls and foundation of the building;
Aerodynamic loads from air flows can easily overturn a gable roof, therefore, when designing and constructing such a scheme, it is necessary to carefully consider the correct orientation of the building according to the wind rose of the given area;
Unlike the classic hip roof, in the three-slope version, the pressure from the inclined plane of the hip on one side is not compensated by a similar force on the other side. To prevent the hip slope from overturning the system of row rafters of two symmetrical decks, it is necessary to compensate for the force with additional spacers and struts.

From the majority the mentioned shortcomings roofs can be eliminated if you use the classic technique of strengthening the roof frame with brick wall, called . In this case, the main gable roof is guaranteed to receive additional stability; the horizontal load on the hip from wind or snow is easily compensated by the rigid wall.

How to calculate elements

This design solution is widely used in practice. Most buildings with a gable roof are made in the form of extensions to the stone frame of the main building. This method allows you to successfully combine the roof and brick box of a garage made in the form of an extension, an additional wing of the building, a three-pitch roof of a terrace, and even.

Important! Calculation of the strength and rigidity of gable roof elements must be carried out only using specialized programs; in extreme cases, use the old and proven Archikad.

It is quite easy to calculate the dimensions and geometry using the formulas shown in the diagram from the school mathematics course.

How to build a gable roof

The basic structure and principles of assembling such a roof are practically no different from the construction of a hip structure. Depending on the length of the symmetrical trapezoidal slopes, the supporting brick wall can be installed in the same plane with the top of the hip or at some distance from the hip slope, for example, if an elongated rectangular extension to the house is covered with a gable roof.

Three-slope frame design

The extension roof option is considered a more general case, so it is easiest to consider the structure of a “three-pitch” using its example. Typical design the frame includes three main groups of elements:

A system of pairs of ordinary rafters with struts and spacers, forming two independent symmetrical slopes;
Ridge beam with vertical supports and spacer posts, transition elements fixed to the firewall or to external wall main building;
Hip system with diagonal rafters, struts, and ribs.

Advice! As a rule, the dimensions of a gable roof are smaller than a standard gable or hip structure, so for its manufacture the remains of the fiftieth board, timber and sheathing slats used during assembly can be useful roof frame main building.

For an extension with a floor width of up to 4 meters, the entire frame structure can be assembled from three-meter 50-millimeter boards and two four-meter beams with a cross-section of 100x75 mm, from which diagonal rafters will be made. For rafters and sheathing, a double twenty-millimeter board is suitable. All reinforcing elements and the ceiling can be made from 50-gauge boards.

Assembling a gable roof

Depending on the material of the walls, first of all, the installation and fastening scheme of the Mauerlat is selected. For foam block and aerated concrete, it will be necessary to make an internal reinforcing circuit that compensates for the pushing force from the rafters on the wall masonry. We must secure the Mauerlat with anchor bolts or reinforcing brackets driven into the body of the board and into wooden plugs, sewn into cladding with inside walls.

After assembling and fixing the ceiling beams, it is necessary to install a ridge beam with vertical support posts. The first to install is the central post or mast, on which the diagonal rafters will subsequently rest. While the mast is not permanently fixed, it is leveled strictly along a vertical plumb line and secured with guy wires. The second post of the ridge beam is placed vertically on the wall of the building and fixed with temporary fasteners. Only after installation ridge girder and carefully aligning it along the axis of the building and along the horizon, both vertical posts are firmly secured, the mast is reinforced with struts and spacers, the wall stand is secured with anchors to the wall. To strengthen the position of the heavy ridge beam, the entire assembled structure reinforced with struts.

Next, you need to lay out the ordinary and diagonal rafters. The rank and file give their best standard scheme. A template is measured and made, the support grooves are filed on the heels of the rafter legs of each pair and laid on the walls supported by the mauerlat and ridge board. Laying diagonal beams is more difficult. To simplify the assembly process, you can install the longest outer rafter first.

Each of the rafters must be adjusted with a margin of 20-30 mm and the supporting surface must be cut only according to the degree of contact with the mast, without any template.

If a half-hip version of a triangle is used in the design of a three-pitch roof, the diagonal beams must be attached not to the ridge beam, but to a support board, which is placed on lateral surface the first pair of ordinary rafters. By device support board is very reminiscent of a crossbar beam, but, unlike it, the support does not cut into the body of the rafters, but is sewn on top with nails.

After assembling the most complex elements of a gable roof, it is necessary to cover the surface of the rafters with lathing; for this, the space around the diagonal beams is filled with external rafter elements. Each horn has to be cut and adjusted individually, so the procedure takes a lot of time. All that remains is to fill the counter-lattice, the sheathing and secure the last pair of rafters through the sheathing boards to vertical wall building.

Roofing for a gable roof

The design of the roofing pie depends on the purpose of the extension. For living rooms and heated premises, the scheme does not differ from standard version arrangement warm roof. For a garage or terrace, it is enough to lay a layer on the sheathing roll waterproofing and cover with the material used for roofing the main building. In this case, the ceiling can be hemmed with clapboard or a plastic profile to give the space under the gable roof a more formal and finished look.