Reinforced concrete structures (General course). Baykov - Reinforced concrete structures. General course on reinforced concrete structures
Preface 3
Introduction 4
Part I. Resistance of reinforced concrete and elements of reinforced concrete structures 9
1. Chapter 1. Basic physical and mechanical properties of concrete, steel reinforcement and reinforced concrete 9
1.1. Concrete 9
1.1.1. General information 9
1.1.2. The structure of concrete and its effect on strength and deformability 10
1.1.3. Concrete shrinkage and initial stresses 12
1.1.4. Concrete strength 14
1.1.5. Deformability of concrete 24
1.1.6. Modulus of deformation and measure of concrete creep 31
1.1.7. Features of physical and mechanical properties of some types of concrete 35
1.2. Armature 36
1.2.1. Purpose and types of fittings 36
1.2.2. Mechanical properties of reinforcing steels 37
1.2.3. Classification of fittings 42
1.2.4. Application of reinforcement in structures 44
1.2.5. Reinforcing welded products 45
1.2.6. Reinforcing wire products 48
1.2.7. Reinforcement connection 49
1.2.8. Non-metallic fittings 52
1.3. Reinforced concrete 53
1.3.1. Features of factory production 53
1.3.2. Average density of reinforced concrete 55
1.3.3. Prestressed reinforced concrete and methods for creating prestress 55
1.3.4. Adhesion of reinforcement to concrete 58
1.3.5. Anchoring reinforcement in concrete 60
1.3.6. Protective layer of concrete in reinforced concrete elements 65
1.3.7. Shrinkage of reinforced concrete 66
1.3.8. Creep of reinforced concrete 69
1.3.9. Effect of temperature on reinforced concrete 71
1.3.10. Corrosion of reinforced concrete and measures to protect against it 72
1.3.11. Some special types of reinforced concrete 73
2. Chapter 2. Experimental foundations of the theory of resistance of reinforced concrete and methods for calculating reinforced concrete structures 76
2.1. Experimental data on the performance of reinforced concrete under load 76
2.1.1. Significance of experimental research 76
2.1.2. Three stages of stress-strain state of reinforced concrete elements 77
2.1.3. The process of development of cracks in tensile zones of concrete 80
2.2. Development of methods for calculating sections 81
2.2.1. Calculation method based on permissible stresses 81
2.2.2. Calculation method based on destructive forces 83
2.3. Method for calculating structures using limit states 86
2.3.1. The essence of method 86
2.3.2. Two groups of limit states 86
2.3.3. Design factors 87
2.3.4. Classification of loads. Standard and design loads 88
2.3.5. Degree of responsibility of buildings and structures 91
2.3.6. Standard and design resistance of concrete 91
2.3.7. Standard and design resistance of reinforcement 93
2.3.8. Three categories of requirements for crack resistance of reinforced concrete structures 95
2.3.9. Basic principles of calculation 98
2.4. Prestresses in reinforcement and concrete 101
2.4.1. Prestress values 101
2.4.2. Prestress losses in reinforcement 103
2.4.3. Stresses in non-prestressed reinforcement 108
2.4.4. Pre-compression forces of concrete 108
2.4.5. Reduced cross section 109
2.4.6. Stress in concrete during compression 110
2.4.7. The sequence of changes in prestresses in elements after loading with an external load 110
2.5. General method for calculating the strength of elements 115
2.5.1. Strength conditions 115
2.5.2. Boundary relative height of the compressed zone 117
2.5.3. Maximum percentage of reinforcement 119
2.6. Stresses in non-prestressing reinforcement with a conditional yield strength with mixed reinforcement 120
3. Chapter 3. Bendable elements 125
3.1. Design features 125
3.2. Calculation of strength using normal sections of elements of any profile 135
3.3. Calculation of strength based on normal sections of rectangular and T-profile elements 138
3.4. Calculation of the strength of elements along normal sections during oblique bending 147
3.5. Calculation of the strength of elements using inclined sections 150
3.5.1. Experienced data 150
3.5.2. Strength calculation for inclined sections under the influence of shear force and bending moment 151
3.5.3. Calculation of transverse bars 157
3.6. Strength conditions for inclined sections under the action of a bending moment 159
4. Chapter 4. Compressed elements 162
4.1. Design features of compressed elements 162
4.2. Calculation of elements of any symmetrical section, eccentrically compressed in the plane of symmetry 168
4.3. Calculation of eccentrically compressed elements of rectangular section 174
4.4. Calculation of eccentrically compressed elements of T- and I-sections 178
4.5. Calculation of elements of annular section 181
4.6. Compressed elements reinforced with indirect reinforcement 182
Test questions for independent study of the material in Ch. 4 187
5. Chapter 5. Tensile elements 187
5.1. Design features 187
5.2. Calculation of the strength of centrally tensile elements 190
5.3. Calculation of the strength of elements of symmetrical cross-section, eccentrically stretched in the plane of symmetry 191
Test questions for independent study of the material in Ch. 5 193
6. Chapter 6. Elements subject to bending with torsion 193
6.1. General information 193
6.2. Calculation of rectangular elements 196
7. Chapter 7. Crack resistance and displacement of reinforced concrete elements 199
7.1. General provisions 199
7.2. Resistance to crack formation of centrally stretched elements 199
7.3. Resistance to cracking of bending, eccentrically compressed and eccentrically stretched elements 200
7.3.1. Calculation of the formation of cracks normal to the longitudinal axis of element 200
7.3.2. Determination of Mcrc during elastic work of concrete in a compressed zone 201
7.3.3. Determination of the moment Mcrc during inelastic work of concrete in a compressed zone 204
7.3.4. Determination of Mcrc by the method of core moments 206
7.3.5. Calculation of the formation of cracks inclined to the axis of the element 208
7.4. Resistance to crack opening. General provisions for calculation 209
7.5. Resistance to crack opening of centrally tensioned elements 211
7.5.1. Determination of coefficient 211
7.5.2. Determination of stresses in tensile reinforcement 213
7.5.3. Determining the distance between cracks 214
7.6. Resistance to crack opening of bending, eccentrically compressed and eccentrically stretched elements 215
7.6.1. Determination of coefficient fs 215
7.6.2. Coefficient value fb 218
7.6.3. Determination of stresses in concrete and reinforcement in sections with a crack 218
7.6.4. Determining the distance between cracks 223
7.6.5. Closing cracks 224
7.7. Axis curvature during bending, rigidity and displacement of reinforced concrete elements 225
7.7.1. General calculation provisions 225
7.7.2. Axis curvature during bending and rigidity of reinforced concrete elements in areas without cracks 226
7.7.3. Axis curvature during bending and rigidity of reinforced concrete elements in areas with cracks 227
7.7.4. Moving reinforced concrete elements 229
7.8. Stiffness of eccentrically compressed elements, bending elements under alternating loading 233
7.8.1. Stiffness of eccentrically compressed elements taking into account cracks in tensile zones 233
7.8.2. Stiffness of bending elements under alternating loading 234
7.9. Taking into account the influence of initial cracks in concrete of the compressed zone of prestressed elements 236
Test questions for independent study of the material in Chapter 7 237
8. Chapter 8. Resistance of reinforced concrete to dynamic influences 238
8.1. Vibrations of structural elements 238
8.1.1. Dynamic loads 238
8.1.2. Free vibrations of elements taking into account the inelastic resistance of reinforced concrete 239
8.1.3. Forced vibrations of elements 243
8.1.4. Dynamic stiffness of elements of reinforced concrete structures 245
8.2. Calculation of structural elements for dynamic loads based on limit states 246
8.2.1. General provisions 246
8.2.2. Limit states of the first group 247
8.2.3. Limit states of the second group 250
9. Chapter 9. Fundamentals of designing reinforced concrete elements with minimum estimated cost 252
9.1. Dependencies for determining the cost of reinforced concrete elements 252
9.2. Design of reinforced concrete elements of minimum cost 255
Part II. Reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures 262
10. Chapter 10. General principles of design of reinforced concrete structures of buildings 262
10.1. Principles of layout of reinforced concrete structures 262
10.1.1. Design diagrams 262
10.1.2. Expansion joints 264
10.2. Design principles for precast elements 266
10.2.1. Typification of prefabricated elements 266
10.2.2. Unification of dimensions and design diagrams of buildings 267
10.2.3. Enlargement of elements 269
10.2.4. Manufacturability of prefabricated elements 269
10.2.5. Calculation diagrams of prefabricated elements during transportation and installation 271
10.2.6. Joints and end sections of prefabricated elements 273
10.2.7. Technical and economic assessment of reinforced concrete structures 279
11. Chapter 11. Flat floor structures 280
11.1. Classification of flat floors 280
11.2. Beam prefabricated floors 282
11.2.1. Layout of the structural scheme of the floor 282
11.2.2. Design of floor slabs 283
11.2.3. Crossbar design 292
11.3. Ribbed monolithic floors with beam slabs 305
11.3.1. Layout of the structural diagram of floor 305
11.3.2. Calculation of slab, secondary and main beams 306
11.3.3. Design of slab, secondary and main beams 310
11.4. Ribbed monolithic floors with slabs supported along the contour 312
11.4.1. Structural floor plans 312
11.4.2. Calculation and design of slabs supported along a contour 314
11.4.3. Calculation and design of beams 317
11.5. Floors with slabs supported on three sides 319
11.5.1. Structural diagram of floors 319
11.5.2. Design and calculation of slabs supported on three sides 319
11.6. Beam prefabricated monolithic floors 321
11.6.1. The essence of a prefabricated monolithic structure 321
11.6.2. Structures of prefabricated monolithic floors 322
11.7. Beamless floors 323
11.7.1. Beamless prefabricated floors 323
11.7.2. Beamless monolithic floors 326
11.7.3. Beamless prefabricated monolithic floors 331
12. Chapter 12. Reinforced concrete foundations 334
12.1. General information 334
12.2. Individual column foundations 335
12.2.1. Prefabricated foundation structures 335
12.2.2. Monolithic foundation structures 336
12.2.3. Calculation of foundations 340
12.3. Strip foundations 346
12.3.1. Strip foundations under load-bearing walls 346
12.3.2. Strip foundations under rows of columns 347
12.3.3. Calculation of strip foundations 350
12.3.4. Interaction of structures with foundations on a deformable foundation 365
12.4. Solid foundations 366
12.5. Foundations of machines with dynamic loads 369
13. Chapter 13. Designs of one-story industrial buildings 372
13.1. Design diagrams 372
13.1.1. Structural elements 372
13.1.2. Overhead cranes 372
13.1.3. Layout of building 375
13.1.4. Cross frames 377
13.1.5. Lanterns 382
13.1.6. Communication system 382
13.1.7. Crane beams 385
13.2. Calculation of transverse frame 390
13.2.1. Design diagram and loads 390
13.2.2. Spatial work of the frame of a one-story building under crane loads 392
13.2.3. Determination of forces in columns from loads 396
13.2.4. Features of determining forces in two-branch and stepped columns 400
13.2.5. Determination of cross frame deflection 405
13.3. Covering structures 405
13.3.1. Coating slabs 405
13.3.2. Cover beams 409
13.3.3. Coating trusses 413
13.3.4. Rafter structures 423
13.3.5. Arches 424
13.4. Design features of one-story frame buildings made of monolithic reinforced concrete 428
14. Chapter 14. Thin-walled spatial coverings 432
14.1. General information 432
14.2. Design features of thin-walled spatial coverings 438
14.3. Coatings with cylindrical shells and prismatic folds 440
14.3.1. General information 440
14.3.2. Long shells 442
14.3.3. Short shells 457
14.3.4. Prismatic folds 461
14.4. Coverings with shells of positive Gaussian curvature, rectangular in plan 462
14.5. Coverings with shells of negative Gaussian curvature, rectangular in plan 468
14.6. Domes 472
14.7. Wavy vaults 481
14.8. Hanging coverings 483
15. Chapter 15. Constructions of multi-storey frame and panel buildings 491
15.1. Structures of multi-storey industrial buildings 491
15.1.1. Structural diagrams of buildings 491
15.1.2. Multi-storey frame structures 495
15.2. Practical calculation of multi-storey frames 501
15.2.1. Preliminary selection of sections 501
15.2.2. Force from loads 502
15.2.3. Design forces and selection of sections 507
15.3. Structures of multi-storey civil buildings 508
15.3.1. Structural diagrams of buildings 508
15.3.2. Basic vertical structures 512
15.4. Design schemes and loads 516
15.4.1. Calculation schemes 516
15.4.2. Design loads 519
15.4.3. Designations 519
15.5. Frame systems 520
15.5.1. Shear stiffness of multi-story frame 520
15.5.2. General equation of a multi-story system 523
15.5.3. Movements of multi-story frame 524
15.5.4. Compliance of joints 525
15.6. Frame-bracing systems 527
15.6.1. Frame-braced systems with solid diaphragms 527
15.6.2. Frame-braced systems with combined diaphragms 531
15.7. Connection systems with the same type of diaphragms with openings 533
15.7.1. Diaphragms with one or more rows of openings 533
15.7.2. The relationship between the movements of the diaphragm and the transverse forces of its bridges 537
15.8. Determination of deflections and forces in design sections 538
15.8.1. Data on parameters L and v2 from design experience 538
15.8.2. Calculation using tables 539
15.9. Systems with different types of vertical structures 544
15.9.1. General provisions for calculation 544
15.9.2. Systems with two different types of vertical structures 545
15.10. The influence of the compliance of foundations and the bending of floors in their plane on the operation of a multi-story system 551
15.10.1. Effect of Base Compliance 551
15.10.2. Influence of bending of floors in their plane 555
15.11. Dynamic characteristics of multi-storey buildings 559
15.11.1. Frame systems 559
15.11.2. Frame-bracing systems 561
15.11.3. Communication systems 563
11/15/4. Systems with different types of vertical structures 565
15.11.5. Shape factor 566
15.12. Wind load 567
15.12.1. Average wind load component 567
15.12.2. Fluctuation component of wind load 568
15.12.3. Acceleration of vibrations 569
16. Chapter 16. Designs of engineering structures 571
16.1. Engineering structures of industrial and civil construction complexes 571
16.2. Cylindrical tanks 572
16.2.1. General information 572
16.2.2. Design solutions 574
16.3. Rectangular tanks 583
16.3.1. Design solutions 583
16.3.2. Calculation 586
16.4. Water towers 588
16.5. Bunker 596
16.6. Silos 601
16.7. Retaining walls 610
16.8. Underground channels and tunnels 614
17. Chapter 17. Reinforced concrete structures erected and operated under special conditions 622
17.1. Structures of buildings erected in seismic areas 622
17.1.1. Features of design solutions 622
17.1.2. Basic provisions for calculating buildings for seismic impacts 626
17.2. Features of design solutions for buildings erected in areas with permafrost soils 630
17.3. Reinforced concrete structures operated under conditions of systematic exposure to high technological temperatures 631
17.3.1. Design characteristics of concrete and reinforcement during heating 631
17.3.2. Determination of deformations and forces caused by temperatures 635
17.3.3. Basic principles of structural calculations taking into account temperature effects 637
17.4. Reinforced concrete structures operated under conditions of low negative temperatures 638
17.4.1. Requirements for the use of reinforcing steels and concrete 638
17.4.2. Features of calculation and design of structures 639
17.5. Reinforced concrete structures operating in aggressive environments 640
17.5.1. Classification of aggressive environments 640
17.5.2. Requirements for concrete and reinforcing steels 641
17.5.3. Structural calculations 643
17.5.4. Anti-corrosion protection of structures 643
17.6. Reconstruction of industrial buildings 644
17.6.1. Tasks and methods of reconstruction of buildings 644
17.6.2. Strengthening structural elements 646
17.6.3. Features of the work 651
18. Chapter 18. Examples of designing reinforced concrete structures of buildings 1,652
Example 1. Design of floor structures for a frame building 652
1. General design data 652
2. Layout of the structural diagram of prefabricated floor 654
3. Calculation of a ribbed slab based on the limit states of the first group 654
4. Calculation of a ribbed slab using limit states of the second group 660
5. Calculation of a hollow-core slab based on the limit states of the first group 665
6. Calculation of a hollow-core slab using limit states of the second group 668
7. Determination of forces in the transverse frame crossbar 672
8. Calculation of the strength of the crossbar along sections normal to the longitudinal axis 677
9. Calculation of the strength of the crossbar along sections inclined to the longitudinal axis 678
10. Design of crossbar reinforcement 679
11. Determination of forces in the middle column 681
12. Calculation of the strength of the middle column 683
13. Design of reinforcement for column 686
14. Column 687 foundations
15. Structural diagram of monolithic floor 690
16. Multi-span monolithic floor slab 691
17. Multi-span secondary beam 692
Example 2. Design of transverse frame structures for a one-story industrial building 696
1. General data 696
2. 696 Cross Frame Layout
3. Determination of loads on the frame 698
4. Determination of forces in the columns of frame 701
5. Drawing up a table of calculated forces 714
6. Calculation of the strength of a two-branch column of the middle row 715
7. Calculation of the foundation for an average two-branch column 720
8. Data for designing a truss with parallel chords 725
9. Determination of loads on the truss 726
10. Determination of forces in truss elements 727
11. Calculation of sections of truss elements 729
Appendix 1. Design resistance of concrete 735
Appendix 2. Coefficients of concrete operating conditions 736
Appendix 3. Standard resistance of concrete 737
Appendix 4. Initial modulus of elasticity of concrete in compression and tension 738
Appendix 5. 1. Standard and design resistances, modulus of elasticity of rod reinforcement 739
Appendix 5. 2. Standard and design resistances, modulus of elasticity of wire reinforcement and wire ropes 740
Appendix 6. Calculated cross-sectional areas and weight of reinforcement, assortment of hot-rolled bar reinforcement of periodic profile, ordinary and high-strength reinforcing wire 741
Appendix 7. Assortment (abbreviated) of welded mesh 742
Appendix 8. Assortment of reinforcing ropes 743
Appendix 9. Relationships between the diameters of welded rods and the minimum distances between rods in welded meshes and frames manufactured using resistance spot welding 744
Appendix 10. Bending moments and shear forces of continuous three-span beams with equal spans 745
Appendix 11. Tables for calculating multi-storey multi-span frames 747
Appendix 12. Formulas for calculating two-branch and stepped columns 750
INTRODUCTION
1. The essence of reinforced concrete
Concrete, as tests show, has good resistance to compression and much worse resistance to tension. A concrete beam (without reinforcement), lying on two supports and subject to transverse bending, experiences tension in one zone and compression in another (Fig. 1a); such a beam has low load-bearing capacity due to the weak tensile strength of concrete.
The same beam, equipped with reinforcement placed in the tension zone (Fig. 1.6), has a higher load-bearing capacity, which is much higher and can be up to 20 times greater than the load-bearing capacity of a concrete beam.
Reinforced concrete elements operating in compression, such as columns (Fig. 1, b), are also reinforced with steel rods. Since steel has high tensile and compressive strength, incorporating it into concrete in the form of reinforcement significantly increases the load-bearing capacity
ability of the compressed element.
The joint work of concrete and steel reinforcement is determined by the beneficial combination of physical and mechanical properties of these materials:
1) when concrete hardens, significant adhesion forces arise between it and steel reinforcement, as a result of which in reinforced concrete elements under load both materials are deformed together;
2) dense concrete (with sufficient cement content) protects the steel reinforcement contained in it from corrosion, and also protects the reinforcement from the direct action of fire;
3) steel and concrete have similar temperature coefficients of linear expansion, therefore, when the temperature changes within the limits of up to 100 °C, insignificant initial stresses arise in both materials; There is no slipping of the reinforcement in 6eton.
Reinforced concrete has become widespread in construction due to its positive properties: durability, fire resistance, resistance to weathering, high resistance to dynamic loads, low operating costs for the maintenance of buildings and structures, etc. Due to the almost universal presence of large and small aggregates, large quantities are used for the preparation of concrete, reinforced concrete is available for use almost throughout the country.
Compared to other building materials, reinforced concrete is more durable. With proper operation, reinforced concrete structures can last indefinitely without reducing their load-bearing capacity, since the strength of concrete increases over time, unlike the strength of other materials, and the steel in concrete is protected from corrosion. The fire resistance of reinforced concrete is characterized by the fact that during fires of medium intensity lasting up to several hours, reinforced concrete structures, in which the reinforcement is installed with the necessary protective layers of concrete, begin to be damaged from the surface and the load-bearing capacity decreases gradually.
Reinforced concrete structures under load are characterized by the formation of cracks in the concrete of the tension zone. The opening of these cracks under operational loads in many structures is small and does not interfere with their normal operation.
However, in practice, often (especially when using high-strength reinforcement) there is a need to prevent the formation of cracks or limit the width of their opening, then the concrete is subjected to intense compression in advance, before applying an external load, usually by tensioning the reinforcement. Such reinforced concrete is called prestressed concrete.
The relatively high mass of reinforced concrete is a positive quality under certain conditions, but in many cases it is undesirable. To reduce the weight of structures, less material-intensive thin-walled and hollow-core structures are used, as well as structures made of concrete with porous aggregates.
2. Areas of application of reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete structures are the basis of modern industrial construction. Industrial single-story (Fig. 2) and multi-story buildings, civil buildings for various purposes, including residential buildings (Fig. 3), and agricultural buildings for various purposes (Fig. 4) are erected from reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete is widely used in the construction of thin-walled coatings (shells) of industrial and public buildings of large spans (Fig. 5), engineering structures: silos, bunkers, tanks, chimneys, in transport construction for subways, bridges, tunnels on roads and railways; in energy construction for hydroelectric power plants, nuclear plants and reactors; in drainage and drainage construction for irrigation devices; in the mining industry for above-mine structures and fastening underground workings, etc.
The production of reinforced concrete rod structures requires 2.5-3.5 times less metal than steel structures. The manufacture of decking, pipes, bunkers, etc. of reinforced concrete structures requires 10 times less metal than similar steel sheet structures.
A rational combination of the use of reinforced concrete, metal and other structures with the most rational use of the best properties of each material is of great economic importance.
According to the method of execution, a distinction is made between prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, manufactured at construction industry factories and then installed on construction sites, monolithic, erected at the construction site, and prefabricated monolithic, which are formed from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements and monolithic concrete.
Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures best meet the requirements of industrialization of construction. The use of prefabricated reinforced concrete can significantly improve the quality of structures, reduce the labor intensity of installation work several times compared to monolithic reinforced concrete, reduce, and in many cases completely eliminate the consumption of materials for constructing scaffolding and formwork, and also sharply reduce construction time. The installation of buildings and structures made of prefabricated reinforced concrete can be carried out in winter without a significant increase in its cost, while the construction of structures made of monolithic reinforced concrete in winter requires significant additional costs (for heating the concrete during hardening, etc.).
Due to the enormous scale of construction in our country, more progressive, high-performance construction methods were required.
The Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of August 19, 1954 “On the development of production of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and parts for construction” and subsequent events in this area determined the rapid growth in the production of prefabricated structures and parts. Developed heavy industry and a powerful machine-building industry made it possible to provide the construction industry with machines and mechanisms for the factory production and installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures. This led to a fundamental change in the use of precast concrete and ushered in a new era in construction.
In a short period, a new branch of the construction industry was created in the USSR - factory production of precast concrete products (Fig. 6). The USSR ranks first in the world in terms of production of prefabricated reinforced concrete. In all branches of construction in the country, approximately the same amount of monolithic reinforced concrete is produced per year as precast concrete
...Technology of construction of buildings and structures from monolithic reinforced concrete. Anpilov S.M. 2010
The textbook outlines the basic principles of the technology of construction of buildings and structures made of monolithic reinforced concrete. Provisions on the main aspects of formwork, reinforcement, concrete, geodetic work, heat treatment of concrete and quality control on the construction site have been systematized. The main issues are covered: qualifications and requirements for formwork; formwork elements and structures; technology for installation and dismantling of system formwork; its calculation method; types and classes of reinforcement; connection of reinforcing elements; conditions for the joint work of concrete and reinforcement; preparation, transportation and supply of concrete mixture; mechanical and thermal treatment of concrete; safety requirements during work. Modern methods of constructing buildings and structures made of monolithic reinforced concrete, technology for performing construction and installation work are reflected.
Reinforcement of elements of monolithic reinforced concrete buildings. Design Guide. Tikhonov I.N. 2007
The manual consists of two parts. The first part presents the results of research by the Center for Design and Expertise of NIIZhB in the field of development and implementation of effective rods and reinforcing bars supplied in coils with a strength class of 500 MPa. It also provides an assessment of the consumer properties of new types of reinforcement in comparison with the known ones, and also provides recommendations for their use in construction. The second part, presented in the form of Appendices 1 and 2, provides design requirements for the reinforcement of the main elements of buildings made of monolithic reinforced concrete, as well as examples of working documentation for the reinforcement of the main structural elements of monolithic buildings with different structural schemes, built in Moscow and developed by JSC "Proektno- architectural studio “PIK”, JSC “Trianon”, KNPSO Center “Poliquart”, as well as at NIIZhB.
Construction of monolithic buildings. Mazov E.P.
This textbook provides structural and technological principles for the construction of monolithic buildings, provides technology for the production of monolithic concrete, formwork and reinforcement works; the necessary data for the selection and calculation of concrete pumping installations are given, examples of the use of various types of formwork are given, issues of formless concreting, on-site polygons and bases for monolithic housing construction, as well as methods of winter concreting are considered.
Reinforced concrete structures. General course. Baykov V.N., Sigalov E.E. 1991
The physical and mechanical properties of concrete and reinforced concrete are described. The basics of the theory of resistance of reinforced concrete elements and methods of their design are given. Ed. The 4th was published in 1985. Ed. 5th has been revised and supplemented in accordance with current regulatory documents and the new curriculum. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the specialty “Industrial and Civil Engineering”.
Reinforced concrete structures. Sigalov E.E., Strongin S.G. 1960
The book outlines modern methods of calculation and design of reinforced concrete structures - both conventional and prestressed - in relation to the curriculum of construction technical schools. The structures of buildings and structures are considered predominantly prefabricated. The selection of sections of structural elements, the design of a prefabricated floor and the design of the frame of a one-story industrial building are illustrated with examples.
Calculation of sections and design of elements of conventional and prestressed reinforced concrete structures.
Lopatto A.E. 1966
The book outlines methods for calculating sections of the main elements of reinforced concrete structures in accordance with SNiP IV. 1-62. The methodology and rules for their design are given. The second edition of the book differs from the first in an abbreviated presentation of the rules for the design of monolithic reinforced concrete structures, the removal of calculations for oblique bending and oblique eccentric compression, as well as the introduction of the calculation and design of elements of prestressed reinforced concrete structures. Monolithic concrete. Work production technology.
Khayutin Yu.G. 1991
Domestic and foreign experience in the production of monolithic concrete and the construction of structures based on it is presented. The processes of preparing, transporting and laying concrete mixtures, as well as caring for concrete, are considered. Modern methods of quality control of concrete mix and concrete, issues of mechanization of individual processes are covered. Problems of concrete technology.
Lhermit R. 2007
The book examines issues of practical efficiency of the basic processes of concrete technology - preparation of concrete mixture, its transportation, laying, compaction, and gives their theoretical assessment in the light of the mechanics of an elastic-visco-plastic medium. Considerable space is devoted to the problems of shrinkage and creep of concrete, the features of its deformation under load (elastic and plastic), as well as a review and critical analysis of theories of concrete strength. Concrete technology.
The textbook aims to familiarize students with the modern theory and practice of concrete technology, teach them how to make technological and technical-economic calculations taking into account modern mathematical methods, how to correctly select, produce and use various types of concrete.
Design of beamless capitalless floors. A. E. Dorfman, L. N. Levontin
The book outlines the main provisions of the static calculation of building frame structures with beamless, capital-less floors. Recommendations for calculations are confirmed by experimental studies, a brief description of which is given. Examples of calculations and new design solutions for reinforced concrete frames with capitalless floors are given, some of which were implemented in real structures. Floors with hidden capitals - “collars” and prestressed reinforced concrete liners are considered only in the overview part, since from a structural point of view they cannot be classified as capitalless.
Beamless floors. M. Ya. Shtaerman, A. M. Ivyansky
The book is a guide to the design of beamless floors; it reflects domestic achievements in the field of calculation and design of beamless floors; the industrial method of reinforcement with welded mesh; new types of beamless floor structures without strapping beams and beamless floors with consoles; calculation of floors taking into account the redistribution of forces due to plastic deformations, etc.In addition, the book discusses the features of the construction of beamless floors, formwork, etc.
Reinforced concrete spatial coverings. Gorenshtein B.V.
The book discusses the selection methodology and basic principles for the layout of prefabricated and prefabricated monolithic coverings of spatial structures, and also provides information on the selection of general dimensions, calculation and design of the most common types of such coverings. A number of already implemented designs are described.
The book is intended for design engineers and builders.
Calculation and design of prefabricated reinforced concrete floors. Sonin S.A., Amelkovich S.V., Ferder A.V.
The tutorial covers the basic principles of calculating and designing a prefabricated floor. An example of calculating a ribbed slab is given. The manual is intended for students of the specialty “City Construction and Economy”, “Architecture of Residential and Public Buildings”, “Industrial and Civil Construction”.
Formwork systems for monolithic construction. Anpilov S.M. 2005
The book systematizes provisions on the main aspects of formwork work. Contains a systematic review of the numerous types of formwork used in construction for the construction of objects made of monolithic concrete, including those used in the construction of walls, ceilings, supports, beams, etc. The main issues are covered: classification and requirements for formwork; materials used and loads on the formwork; formwork elements and structures; domestic and foreign methods for calculating the pressure of freshly laid concrete on formwork elements; technology for installation and dismantling of system formwork and its calculation method; safety requirements when working with formwork. In addition, the book gives the author's proposals for constructing formwork for monolithic floors with a construction lift.
Technology of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete. Evdokimov N.I. and others 1980
The book examines a complex of technological processes for the construction of civil buildings and structures made of monolithic and prefabricated reinforced concrete and provides a brief analysis of the economic indicators of this type of construction. The publication is intended as a teaching aid for the course “Technology of Construction Production” for students of the specialty “Industrial and Civil Engineering”; it can also be used by students of other construction specialties.
Design of reinforced concrete structures. Reference manual. Golyshev A.B. et al. 1990
Methods for calculating and designing elements and structures made of ordinary and prestressed reinforced concrete for all types of influences have been systematized. Examples are given of the design of prefabricated, precast-monolithic and monolithic structures of various types of buildings and structures, the necessary graphs, tables and other auxiliary materials to facilitate the work of designers. The publication is supplemented with information on pile foundations and the properties of source materials.
Calculation of concrete and reinforced concrete structures for changes in temperature and humidity, taking into account concrete creep. Aleksandrovsky S.V. 2004
The book examines a number of practically important engineering issues about calculating the distribution of temperature and humidity, as well as the associated stress-strain state of concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Particular attention is paid to increasing the practical value of the resulting solutions. The results of extensive experimental studies of creep, moisture and temperature deformations of concrete, as well as temperature-shrinkage stresses in it are presented. Contains illustrative material and the necessary numerical examples of calculations that meet the requirements of current design standards; Tables are provided, as well as a bibliography on the problem under consideration.
Technology of concrete and reinforced concrete products. Bazhenov Yu.M., Komar A.G. 1984
The structure and basic properties of concrete, the influence of the quality of raw materials, its composition and manufacturing method on the properties of concrete and reinforced concrete products are considered. The physical and chemical processes occurring during the formation and hardening of concrete are described. The modern technology of reinforced concrete structures, efficient production lines, appropriate modes of basic processes, as well as the organization of factory production of products, structures and volumetric elements for industrial and civil construction are described.
Unbraced reinforced concrete trusses for coverings of industrial buildings. Gershanok R. A., Klevtsov V. A.
The book contains descriptions of unbraced reinforced concrete rafter trusses, discusses the basic provisions of the calculation and provides recommendations for determining the optimal geometric dimensions and the purpose of structural solutions for trusses during design. The most important results of experimental studies of trusses and fragments of units under load are presented. The experience of manufacturing and using braceless trusses in industrial construction is covered.
Vatin N. I., Ivanov A. D.
The calculation and design of the junction of a column and a ribbed, capitalless monolithic reinforced concrete floor are considered. The dependence of the stressed state of the slab on the geometric characteristics of the frame has been established. Recommendations are given on the use of the finite element method in determining shear forces in a floor slab. A calculation algorithm using modern engineering tools is proposed.
Formwork for monolithic concrete. O. M. Schmitt, 1987
The book by an author from Germany contains a systematic overview of the numerous types of formwork used in construction for monolithic concrete, including those used in the production of foundations, supports, walls, beams, floors, etc. Examples of movable, sliding and spatial formworks are given. The book is illustrated with drawings and diagrams of various types of formwork.For engineering and technical workers of construction organizations.
Calculation and design of high-rise building structures made of monolithic reinforced concrete. Gorodetsky A.S. et al. 2004
The book is intended for specialists designing structures of high-rise buildings made of monolithic reinforced concrete. The features of the operation of high-rise building structures, possible options for individual design solutions, and recommendations for drawing up design diagrams are considered. Issues related to the modeling of individual processes in the life cycle of a structure are discussed, including construction processes and processes of structure adaptation that prevent progressive destruction. The basics of the finite element method are briefly outlined from the point of view of an engineer assessing the validity of the resulting solution. Recommendations are given for constructing finite element models. The main stages of automated design of high-rise building structures based on the MONOMAX software package are described.
Monolithic reinforced concrete coffered floors. Loskutov I.S. 2015
Description, history of development and application. Design of coffered ceilings. Principles for determining the geometric dimensions of coffered ceilings. Calculation of caisson slabs. Selecting a layout grid when designing coffered ceilings using a computer. Features of the design of coffered ceilings. Technological features of the construction of coffered ceilings. Prospects and possible directions for the development of coffered floors.
Calculation of reinforced concrete structures under complex deformations. Toryanik M.S. (ed.). 1974
Based on experimental studies, practical methods have been developed for calculating conventional and prestressed reinforced concrete structures subjected to complex deformations: oblique eccentric compression, oblique bending, oblique bending with torsion, shear force during oblique bending, oblique eccentric compression in the manufacture of prefabricated prestressed reinforced concrete structures with asymmetrical reinforcement. The given nomograms and tables make it possible to reduce calculations for complex deformations to simple operations, as with ordinary bending.
Reinforced concrete structures (calculation and design). Ulitsky I.I., Rivkin S.A., Samoletov M.V., Dykhovichny A.A., Frenkel M.M., Kretov V.I.
The book is a manual on the design of reinforced concrete structures of civil, industrial and engineering structures. It outlines methods for calculating and designing reinforced concrete elements with non-prestressed and prestressed reinforcement for all types of influences. The static calculation and design of slabs, beams, trusses, racks, frames and foundations are considered. Much attention is paid to the issues of systematizing calculations and reducing the labor intensity of settlement operations. For complex calculations of elements of reinforced concrete structures, rational sequences for performing calculation operations have been developed. Detailed examples of calculation and design of prefabricated and monolithic structures are given. The examples highlight the design issues of modern structures of coatings, floors, frames of industrial buildings, crane beams and various types of foundations. A large number of tables, formulas and other materials for the static calculation of reinforced concrete structures are given. Data on loads and impacts on structures are provided.
Reinforced concrete structures. Calculation examples. Lysenko E.F. et al. 1975
The manual contains basic information on the layout of structural diagrams of the diameters of one-story industrial buildings. Examples of calculation of reinforced concrete structures of a one-story industrial building with three spans of 18 m each and a pitch of outer columns of 6 m and middle columns of 12 m are presented. Examples of calculation of structures of the same building with a pitch of outer and middle columns of 12 m are given, as well as calculation of structures of a one-story industrial building span 36 m. The layout of the structural diagram of the diameter of a multi-storey building is considered. Examples are given of the calculation of interfloor floor elements, columns and foundations in monolithic and precast reinforced concrete.
Concrete aggregate technology. Itskovich S.M., Chumakov L.D., Bazhenov Yu.M. 1991
The textbook discusses information about the sources of raw materials for obtaining aggregates, their production technologies, technological requirements for aggregates, their properties and test methods, and features of use in concrete. Attention is paid to more accessible and cheaper aggregates, as well as their production from local raw materials and industrial waste. The main issues of reducing material consumption, saving fuel and energy resources and improving the quality of aggregates are considered.
Concrete. Part I. Properties. Design. Tests. Reichel W., Konrad D. 1979
Based on the latest theoretical developments, the book provides a popular account of the properties, design and testing of concrete. The problems of dosing and mixing of starting materials, the strength of hardened concrete, testing methods of starting materials, concrete mixture, hardened concrete are considered. The book is well illustrated. Designed for a wide range of builders.
Concrete. Part II. Manufacturing. Manufacturing jobs. Hardening. Reichel V., Glatte R. 1981
The book, based on the latest scientific research, popularly talks about the technology of producing concrete mixtures and concrete, the production of concrete work and the hardening of concrete under various conditions. The issues of manufacturing monolithic concrete and prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete products and information about the mechanisms and equipment used in this are presented in detail. The book is intended for a wide range of builders and students of industrial and technical schools and construction technical schools.
Reinforced concrete beamless capitalless floors for multi-storey buildings. Glukhovsky A. D.
The book is devoted to the results of research into design solutions for beamless, capital-less floors of residential and industrial buildings. Methods for calculating these structures are presented, as well as data on the features of their design and construction when implemented in prefabricated and monolithic reinforced concrete.
Interfloor ceilings made of lightweight concrete. Baulin D.K.
The basic conditions and rational methods of using lightweight concrete in the construction of interfloor floors of large-panel residential buildings are considered. The results of studies of the properties of structural lightweight concrete using various porous aggregates are presented. Recommendations are given for taking into account their features when designing and manufacturing floor elements. Considerable attention is paid to issues of sound insulation and structural rigidity. Based on experimental studies and experience in the use of lightweight concrete floors, recommendations for their design and calculation are given. Ways to further improve design solutions are outlined. It has been shown that the use of lightweight concrete can increase the factory readiness of floors and reduce the consumption of reinforcing steel.
Monolithic floors of buildings and structures. Sannikov I. N., Velichko V. A., Slomonov S. V., Bimbad G. E., Tomiltsev M. G.
The book discusses the designs of floors made of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs reinforced with steel profiles and their scope. Calculation methods are grouped by limit states, computer calculation algorithms and calculation examples are given. Information about the features of construction technology and economic efficiency was obtained based on a generalization of construction experience. For specialists in design and construction organizations.