Pouring a concrete column in parts. Work on pouring columns with concrete. Types of formwork used

Concrete columns are load-bearing structures that provide buildings with vertical rigidity. The type of column can be monolithic or metal, the choice of which depends on the required load-bearing capacity. The purpose of the columns is to serve as a support for upper floors, balconies, terraces and other building elements. It is possible to make concrete columns with your own hands; these can be ordinary elements from square pipe or more original beautiful designs that can add zest appearance buildings.

Purpose

The column is designed for decorative design buildings, and also performs the function load-bearing element structures. They are mounted on balconies, terraces, verandas, porches, as supports to support ceilings, for the interior of premises and personal plot. Due to the heavy load on the supports, they are manufactured in compliance with existing standards and regulations as much as possible.

Kinds

Concrete columns have the following types:

• square;
• round;
• rectangular.

When working with a concrete column various types allocate following types production technology:

• Prefabricated supports are structures manufactured in factories that are transported to the work site where they are installed. Prefabricated columns have the following advantages: relatively low price, speed of installation, speed of drying of the solution.
• Monolithic. Pouring into molds is carried out at construction site. When working with monolithic columns, the following advantages are highlighted: the ability to monitor the quality of installation concrete mortar, no leakage of the mixture. Among the shortcomings observed: for a long time for production, waiting for the mixture to solidify in the mold.

Installation Features

Square supports are installed at the edges of the corners of buildings and structures, secured with anchors to the ceiling and base of the structure. However, it is worth noting that installing a square pipe with your own hands is a labor-intensive and complex process, so experienced builders do not recommend installing this type of columns yourself. Support structures can be in the form brick wall small area. Supports made of wood or logs are installed on porches or verandas.

When installing a supporting element into a concrete base, steel glasses are first secured with anchors, and then the support is installed and concreted. Great importance In the construction of houses, supporting structures located in the center of the structure play a role. In this case, column supports with a design cross-section are used metal fittings and followed by pouring concrete and installing formwork.

Do-it-yourself concreting of column elements is an important undertaking that should be carried out responsibly and with a certain amount of knowledge and skills in performing the work. Concreting into forms is carried out continuously, maintaining a horizontal position, which will help avoid the formation of intermediate cold joints and protect the structure from destruction.

Construction stages

The construction of concrete supports consists of the following stages:

• prepare before starting work necessary tools and materials;
• clean the surface from construction debris;
• begin installation of formwork;
• carry out reinforcement work;
• Next, you should pour the concrete solution and, after it dries, dismantle the formwork.

The concrete mixture must have a plastic consistency and be durable after hardening. The strength of the structure is affected by the components of the concrete solution and specifications fittings, which must have the following properties:

• strength;
• ease of welding;
• low possibility of corrosion on the product;
• good adhesion.

Preparation of tools and materials

For quality filling supporting structure concrete solution you will need the following tools, equipment and materials:

• concrete pump;
• rectangular corner;
• hammer;
• building level;
• metal wire;
• wooden spacers;
• reinforced mesh;
• nails and screws;
• wide boards;
• vibrators;
• device for mixing concrete mass;
• roulette;
• steel rod;
• anchor;
• water;
• cement;
• sand;
• lime.

Installation of formwork

The formwork is fastened, maintaining the strength and reliability of the structure. The form is installed on four sides of the support using wooden spacers. If the column is high, the formwork is fastened on three sides, and the fourth side is expanded at. When installing the form, ensure the evenness of the structure, which is checked with a building level. Leveled formwork, with the help of which the concrete mixture is held inside the product. Next, check the correspondence of the corners with a rectangular corner.

Reinforcement

When installing a column, vertical reinforcements are used, the diameter of which is about 1.2 centimeters or more. The vertical reinforcement consists of four rods, which are located at the corners of a square shape. To facilitate the installation of fittings whose height is more than three meters, decking is installed in increments of two meters.

The support frame is assembled various methods. Having small sizes, the weight and volume of the supporting structure, the frame is mounted in the future formwork form, doing the work with your own hands by turning the finished frame. If the reinforcement is heavy, its base is pre-assembled and the rods are tied together at the work site, where individual rods are installed. When placing the finished structure, a variety of boards and supports are used. The reinforcement bars are fastened to each other using metal wire, maintaining a distance of about forty centimeters.

Concreting columns

The column is a load-bearing engineering structure, which, in addition to its practical function, also serves a decorative purpose. Today, columns to ensure the vertical rigidity of a building can be made of metal or reinforced concrete.

In turn, reinforced concrete structures received greatest distribution due to various types of advantages. For this reason, when making columns with your own hands, the greatest preference is given to concrete products. How columns are concreted will be discussed below.

Concreting columns

It should be said right away that the production concrete columns Doing it yourself is a labor-intensive and costly process, both physically and financially. Before you start making reinforced concrete columns, you should study the relevant technology as much as possible, watch videos on the Internet and prepare the tools necessary for this work.

Then you will need to decide on the shape of the future column, since it can be round, rectangular, or square. Of the tools for making columns, you will first need:

1. Building level;
2. Plumb;
3. Hammer and hacksaw for wood;
4. Bulgarian;
5. Roulette;
6. Concrete mixer;
7. Shovels and other devices for working with mortar.

Materials you will need:

1. Boards for making formwork;
2. Reinforcement (12mm) or metal grid;
3. Knitting wire;
4. Anchor bolts;
5. Clamps.

The construction of a column with your own hands is divided into the following stages - reinforcement, installation of formwork and concreting assembled structure. Let's consider each of the above stages in order.

Pouring concrete columns with your own hands

To reinforce reinforced concrete columns, reinforcement of at least 12 mm is used. Even before starting to assemble the formwork, a square-shaped metal frame is assembled, consisting of four main rods in the corners. If the column has a height of more than 3 meters, then special blind areas must be made every two meters.

When the column is of small height, the metal frame can be installed in a pre-assembled form, immediately into the formwork after its installation. The reinforcement is fastened to each other either with knitting wire or with special clamps designed for these purposes.

Formwork for concreting columns is usually assembled from boards according to previously measured internal dimensions. It is necessary to take into account the large load on the formwork when pouring concrete, so it is necessary to very carefully unfasten the boards when assembling it.

Be sure to install slope supports on the sides of the assembled formwork, before pouring it with concrete mortar. If the column has a large height, then it is built up during concrete pouring, and also with the obligatory installation of slope struts.

The concrete used for pouring columns is not the same as, for example, in construction monolithic foundation. Its main parameter in in this case is mobility. For most columns, a concrete solution with a mobility of P2 is used, and when pouring densely reinforced ones, concrete with a mobility of at least P4 is used.

An important process when concreting columns, compaction is used concrete mixture, which is produced by such specialized equipment as deep and external pumps. When making concrete columns with your own hands, get rid of air jams in concrete allows tapping the formwork walls with a hammer.

During the process of concreting the columns, it is always necessary to monitor whether the metal frame has shifted inside the installed formwork. If necessary, its location should be adjusted strictly vertically and in its center.

Concrete for pouring columns with your own hands consists of cement grade no lower than M400, sand and gravel. If we talk about its proportions, they look like this - for 1 part cement, 1 part sand and 4 parts gravel are required.

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How to make concrete columns with your own hands?

Columns in building systems perform both a decorative and an actual function - they are considered the main load-bearing component of the structure. And since, by default, the supports are expected to be heavily loaded, they naturally must be made in maximum compliance with all existing generally accepted standards and rules. In this article we will talk about how concrete columns are poured correctly, as if it is important to take into account here and that it is categorically not recommended to work. These systems are divided, previously only, into these main groups: Round; Rectangular;

Square. Since we will not look at the installation of finished products, but we will talk carefully about the installation of monolithic supports, it is worth focusing on the requirements for such supports. And of course, for the production of concrete columns to be successful, you need to take into account all the accompanying reasons: Number of floors the object on which the supports are installed; The purpose of the object - since the degree of future overload on the columns directly depends on this; Type of soil at the site; Climatic characteristics of the region where construction is taking place. We recommend: in order to make a truly high-quality reinforced concrete support, you should familiarize yourself with the information contained in GOSTs. Columns in building systems perform both a decorative function and an actual one - they are considered the main load-bearing component of the structure. And since, by default, the supports are expected to be heavily loaded, they naturally must be made in maximum compliance with all existing generally accepted standards and rules. In this article we will talk about how concrete columns are poured correctly, as if it is important to take into account here and that it is categorically not recommended to work. These systems are divided, previously only, into these main groups: Round; Rectangular;

Square. Since we will not look at the installation of finished products, but we will talk carefully about the installation of monolithic supports, it is worth focusing on the requirements for such supports. And of course, for the production of concrete columns to be successful, you need to take into account all the accompanying reasons: Number of floors the object on which the supports are installed; The purpose of the object - since the degree of future overload on the columns directly depends on this; Type of soil at the site; Climatic characteristics of the region where construction is taking place. We recommend: in order to make a truly high-quality reinforced concrete support, you should familiarize yourself with the information contained in GOST standards. In these documents it is possible to find general information O correct production Concrete products and columns in particular. In principle, we are done with the review of products; we can move on specifically to their production and pouring. Finally, a short step-by-step summary on the installation of supports for buildings. Before we begin, it is worth noting one fundamental point - we will look at the most common assembly method, which can easily be implemented without the help of others. When constructing a personal building, for example. Publish a review on self-filling pillars for the construction of the plant do not matter in any way, agree. At a minimum, because it will not be possible to cope with such an object alone - you will have to attract many highly qualified professionals who themselves understand how similar tasks are performed. 23009-78, 18979-90, 25628-90 and 23899-79. In these documents you can find general information about the correct production of reinforced concrete products and columns in particular. In principle, we are done with the review of products; we can move on specifically to their production and pouring. Finally, a short step-by-step summary on the installation of supports for buildings. Before we begin, it is worth noting one fundamental point - we will look at the most common assembly method, which can easily be implemented without the help of others. When constructing a personal building, for example.

Publishing a review on pouring pillars yourself for the construction of a plant is of no importance, agree. At a minimum, because it will not be possible to cope with such an object alone - you will have to attract many highly qualified professionals who themselves understand how similar tasks are performed.

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Molds for pouring columns: independent production and installation

Columns are increasingly used in the architecture of facades and interiors. This is not only a beautiful decorative element, it is also a practical, utilitarian piece of construction.

It allows you to support floors or beams without taking up much usable area ground floor.

You can buy a ready-made column, but it is more convenient and cheaper to make it yourself. The easiest way is to lay it out of brick, but a monolith is much stronger and more reliable, and to make it you will have to make formwork.

Depending on the method of use, they are non-removable, disposable and reusable. They are made of metal, wood, plastic and even cardboard.

• Metal. Usually reusable. These are convenient ready-made shields that are easily and quickly assembled, provide the correct geometry, and are quickly dismantled.
• Wooden. Usually homemade, reusable. They are made from boards and bars. Cheaper, but more difficult to provide with their help correct form, especially different from a rectangle.
• Plastic. Round shapes are usually made. You can purchase ready-made ones, or you can make your own formwork from plastic pipes of suitable diameter.
• Cardboard. are made of dense, impregnated special adhesives cardboard The shape is only cylindrical, such formwork is exclusively disposable.

Ready-made formworks are offered by many manufacturers, but you can make them yourself if you take into account some of the features of this design.

Peculiarities

The column has a small width and thickness, but often has a significant height. This determines quite specific loads on the form.

The formwork experiences significant pressure in the lower part and very little in the upper part.

The elongation of the form in height makes the structure very unstable, it can easily collapse, so the formwork requires several supports.

Also, the form must have rigidity so as not to fold or bend under the weight of concrete.

It is assumed that the column will work under compression, so it is extremely important to avoid distortion of the structure. If the form is bent in an arc, then the support made in it can easily crack under load. The column can withstand bending loads very poorly.

It is very important to clearly maintain the vertical level. Even a slight deviation from the vertical creates an imbalance of loads that can lead to failure of the entire structure.

1. First, the size of future columns is determined.
2. Boards are prepared that will serve as forming surfaces - they are adjusted to the size of the pillars, sanded on the side that will be in contact with the concrete.
3. Cross members are nailed to the boards - small bars that will serve as stiffeners.
4. Individual boards with bars are knocked together into shapes for pillars. The part that will be at the bottom of the column needs to be connected especially tightly.

Then the frame is made from reinforcement with your own hands.

Since the pillars are square, it is most convenient to take four vertical rods, tying them together with short crossbars made of soft wire.

5. The reinforcement is placed into the mold and the entire structure is installed at the location where the column is installed.

To make the boards easier to remove later, they can be lined with oilcloth on the inside. To assemble the form, you need to choose smooth boards so that the pillars do not have bends or curvature.

It is worth remembering that this is a disposable formwork for columns; after the concrete hardens, the cardboard will have to be torn off from it, like wallpaper from a wall.

The easiest way is to make formwork in a mesh frame. First, a steel mesh with square cells is taken, which is not prone to stretching.

She rolls up into a cylinder required diameter, is securely fastened in this position with wire or welding.

Then folded cardboard is placed inside, which, after laying, straightens out and rests against the mesh. Finding sheets of cardboard for 2-3 meter poles is not easy, so you will have to use several sheets, fastening them overlapping each other with adhesive tape.

The structure turns out to be very unstable, so wooden supports are required.

Such disposable formwork is suitable for round columns; rectangular or square ones cannot be filled.

You can make permanent formwork from polystyrene foam with your own hands.

This option is used when facade works, it allows you to get very smooth surfaces, monotonous with foam-insulated walls.

However, this permanent formwork is low-strength, so it also requires a supporting frame.

Steel mesh will cost 20-25 rubles per square meter, thick cardboard - 200-250 rubles per roll. Polystyrene foam will cost 1000-1200 rubles per cubic meter.

Watch our video collection:

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Column formwork: types and solutions

Today, round concrete columns are very often used in construction, which serve as supports for large terraces, small balconies and upper floors. In order to erect a column, it is necessary first of all to construct formwork, plastic, cardboard, etc., into which the concrete solution will be poured. This design can be reusable or disposable. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. We will talk about them and how to make a frame for a column with your own hands further.

Reusable formwork is a frame that can be used in work a large number of once. Such a structure is usually assembled directly at the construction site and concrete mixture is poured into it. After the concrete solution dries a little, the formwork is removed and used in other work. The disadvantage of this design is that the round columns may not come out in one piece, since often the height of the frame does not coincide with the desired height finished design. In this case, the formwork has to be put on several times.

There is no point in buying your own reusable design, since it will be used very rarely at home. It is best to rent it. The cost of a reusable frame will depend on many factors. These include the material used to make the structure, the costs of its proper conservation, care and transportation to the construction site. In addition, you need to calculate the costs of the mechanisms with which the formwork will be lifted.

Round column formwork, which can be used several times, is divided into several types:

beam;

steel;

plastic.

The beam design allows you to create columns of almost any height. It can also be used for the construction of bridges, walls and any vertical structures, even very large ones. The beam frame is assembled with your own hands, like a construction set, and then strengthened with spacers. Steel formwork is also very good for round columns, but after each use it needs to be lubricated with special mixtures. Considering that the steel frame has enough heavy weight, it can only be worked with using special lifting equipment.

Plastic formwork for columns (see photo) is not as heavy as the previous one, but also not as reliable. It is recommended to use it carefully so as not to damage the material. Individual elements made of plastic interconnected small details, which you need to do with your own hands very carefully, because otherwise, under the pressure of the solution, the structure may simply fall apart. The advantage of this frame is its low price.

Application of a fixed structure

Permanent formwork for columns it is not used so often today, because it requires a special approach. To create it, a solution of cement, sand and water is prepared, which is passed through a special machine, from where ready-made frames required form. Such products have thin, but at the same time very durable walls. This becomes possible due to the compaction of the mixture and the displacement of almost all liquid from it. As a result, the frames become not only very durable, but also resistant to excessive humidity, frost and severe temperature changes.

One-time construction

The cheapest and most practical formwork for columns today is considered to be disposable formwork, made from cardboard. It is a cardboard connected in a spiral, which is treated with a mixture that repels water (see photo). Inside the formwork there may be a coating of polyethylene film. The cardboard structure for creating round columns can have a diameter of 25 centimeters to 1.1 meters, and its length is usually about 11 meters. Depending on the diameter and height of the frame, the thickness of its walls may vary.

Cardboard formwork for columns is very easy to install. Installation does not require additional equipment or tools. Thanks to this, all work can be easily done with your own hands. To begin with, the formwork must be placed vertically and carefully attached to the floor. The structure can be secured from above using anchor rods. Next, the inside of the formwork is filled with concrete mortar, after which the cardboard is carefully separated from the concrete after drying. This can be done using a special rope, by pulling which you can divide the frame into two parts (see video).

Column formwork is designed to form a square or rectangular area that will allow the column to be installed correctly. There are different types of formwork that are intended for certain types of construction work. In this article we will look at the features and parameters of installing formwork for columns with detailed step-by-step instructions.

Types of columns

The main purpose of creating formwork is to form a certain shape for columns of the required height and parameters. There are two types of work, the first of which involves the installation of universal columns, and the second the formation of formwork for columns with a fixed section. When carrying out installation, you need to remember the features of installing additional panels.

Previously, columns were used as decorative element buildings. However, in modern world This type of product is intended as supporting elements for different types of buildings. There are several types of columns that differ in geometric shape:

• round or cylindrical;
• square;
• multifaceted;
• rectangular.

It is worth noting that universal column formwork is carried out for different types of columns and provides for the installation of standard panels with special holes for the kingpin, the pitch for which is 5 cm. For a fixed installation scheme, it is necessary to fasten the column using four corner elements and some formwork locks.

Purpose of formwork and product requirements

The formwork of walls and columns is carried out for pouring concrete base under supporting elements. This is necessary so that the mixture does not spread and, after hardening, has a square or other shape. Without this stage of work, it is almost impossible to install the column. Experts highlight some requirements for formwork:

• compliance with the dimensions of the structure;
• stability and strength of the installed product;
• the formation of a form through which the solution will not flow;
• smooth inner side;
• dismantling is not labor-intensive.

Formwork for columns: disposable, reusable, permanent

The simplest and convenient option carrying out the work is the construction disposable formwork. This design is made of cardboard, which is wound in a spiral. The formwork product has water-repellent properties, which prevent the solution from penetrating into the cardboard structure. Inside the cardboard column formwork you can put PVC film with thicker walls.

The approximate diameter of such formwork can be from 20 to 115 cm, and maximum length products can be 12 meters. Depending on the parameters of the column, the height of the formwork may vary, as well as the thickness of the walls. For example, in the lower part of the structure the wall thickness may be greater, which is determined maximum load concrete mortar. The technology for carrying out the work is not complicated; for large installation volumes, you can use lifting mechanisms. Only two people may be required to complete the installation.

Another option for constructing column formwork is the construction of a reusable structure. As a rule, the formwork can be used several times to install several columns. The following features of the work are highlighted:

• the need to construct formwork at the construction site;
• pouring concrete mortar into the structure;
• keeping for several days until the concrete dries completely;
• removing the formwork structure and installing it in another place.

When performing such work, it is necessary to remember to comply with the rules for installing the column. When choosing reusable formwork for columns and floors, it is necessary to calculate the height of the product, which should not be higher than the designated forms. When choosing this form of formwork, the filling will no longer be monolithic. Therefore, it is worth carefully familiarizing yourself with the requirements and characteristics of the implementation of this type of formwork while respecting the height of the column.

Reusable formwork is more expensive than disposable formwork, which is determined by the following parameters:

• Necessary costs for storing the structure.
• Transportation of formwork for installation of other types of columns and its care.
• Additional expenses for the use of lifting equipment services.

There are different types of reusable formwork:

• panel structure;
• beam-transom;
• steel formwork;
• plastic construction;

Formwork using panels is intended for columns square shape. Shields made of metal must be fastened together using different fastening objects. It is important to place laminated plywood in the middle of the boards. Next, the concrete solution is poured after hardening, after which the formwork can be removed and moved to another work site.

A similar type of work is performed with beam-transom column formwork, for which you need to use the following products:

• shields;
• steel crossbars;
• beams.

This type of construction will allow you to create reliable formwork different heights. As a rule, such a scheme is used for the construction round walls, columns, bridges, and also for the formation of large vertical surfaces. The formwork technology resembles the assembly diagram children's construction set, and all parts are fixed using spacers.

Steel column formwork is intended for square and round shape. Main characteristics The design is that after its use it is necessary to clean and lubricate the sections. This type of formwork is heavy, like panel formwork, so for moving it is necessary to use the services of lifting machines.

More affordable and easy option is a plastic formwork for columns. The main disadvantage of the product is considered to be the unreliability of the design, and to carry out the work you will need to seek the help of specialists. It is advised to work with this type of formwork carefully and with special tools so as not to damage the walls. All elements plastic construction connected to each other using different parts.

There is another type of formwork that is permanent. This type of construction is rarely used, however, this construction scheme is quite popular among builders. All blocks and blanks for formwork assembly are manufactured at special machines. Thus, products with thin walls are created that are quite strong and reliable.

Elements for formwork are made of high-strength concrete. The technology for preparing the solution involves the use of cement, sand and water. A special feature of concrete preparation is the compaction of pores using rolled products. Thus, all liquid is displaced from the solution, which increases the frost resistance and strength properties of concrete. Formwork products made in this way have increased resistance to changes in temperature and humidity.

Installation of column formwork: installation and dismantling features

Before considering installation technology for a certain type of formwork, it is necessary to study standard specifications performance of work. Before installing the formwork on a concrete surface, it is necessary to mark the parameters of the column. As a rule, the column should be installed around a pre-prepared reinforcement frame. It is important to carry out all work using project documentation. The formwork panels must be assembled in an L-shape, which are fixed with nuts and a pin or through a corner, which is determined by the type of column. The second and other tiers of the structure must be assembled using a mobile tower or scaffolding.

If the height of the formwork of round columns is higher than 4.2, then it is important to mount a special crossbar on the column, which will level the structure. The installed column must be checked for vertical position, which is carried out using braces or tolpers. The brace consists of the lower and upper areas of the product, as well as a special connector. The latter must be mounted into a concrete surface, then the upper part is attached to the highest point of fixation of the column, and the lower part to the lower one. Using special tools and the nuts of the column should be aligned and fixed in a vertical position.

The special feature of dismantling the formwork can be done when the concrete is completely dry. First of all, it is necessary to remove the formwork braces, after which the locks from the top are removed and the panels are removed.

It is important to know! If the height of the mounted column is more than three meters, then the concrete solution must be supplied through a special window. In the next tier it is necessary to remove one of the panels, which forms a window required sizes. Next, the shield is installed in its original place, after which the concrete solution enters through the upper part of the column formwork.

Step-by-step instructions for installing panel formwork for columns with your own hands

The installation process must begin with markup work area. It is important that it coincides with the parameters of the previously erected frame and reinforcement:

2. After this, the formwork is assembled from panels on one side, and it is important to fix all the structural parts using locks.

4. Having determined the thickness of the concrete wall, you need to set next wall formwork using the same technology.

5. It is important to mount the running console at the top of the formwork.

6. After leveling all the walls of the structure, you can begin further work for installing the column and pouring the base.

It is important to know! To correctly install the panels on one side, you need to use crossbars that will allow you to level the formwork.

The dismantling method is to carry out the work in the reverse order: first, remove the running consoles and tolder braces. After this, the locks from the upper area of ​​the structure are dismantled, and the formwork panels are removed.

Installation instructions for beam-transom formwork

Beam-transom formwork is a structure that consists of beams and crossbars. All parts are held together using clamps. The main material used in the work is wood, so all work is not labor-intensive. This material has low thermal conductivity, unlike aluminum column formwork.

This formwork assembly scheme has many advantages, which is indicated by reliability, strength and simplicity of the design used. Carrying out the work does not require significant costs, while the formwork is considered universal. Using this type of construction, columns can be concreted different sizes. Also, using the beam-transom formwork scheme, you can build concrete walls different parameters. To strengthen and form the formwork, it is recommended to use only a screwdriver and a hammer.

Advantages of formwork:

• used for installing columns and walls of different heights and sizes;
• intended for formwork of buildings different forms, for example, radius, round and inclined without unnecessary waste;
• allows you to obtain good quality concrete on the surface of the formwork;
• using this type of structure assembly, it will be possible to reduce the number of gaps and ties;
• the formwork can withstand a large load of concrete, up to approximately 10 t/sq. m.

Detailed instructions for assembling beam-transom formwork have the following sequence:

1. We prepare the work site for installing the formwork.

3. Beams for formwork of the required length are laid perpendicularly on the crossbars.

4. These beams must be attached to the crossbar using special clamps.

5. The approximate distance between the beams should be from 20 to 40 cm, which is determined by the design documentation.

It is important to know! When laying the beams, care must be taken to ensure that they do not coincide with the mounting points for the tie screws. On installed beams you need to lay sheets of laminated plywood, and the joints should be in the middle of the beam. The plywood is fixed to the beams using self-tapping screws, which are screwed in every 35-40 cm. The length of the fastener should be 50 or 60 mm. The area where the self-tapping screws are installed can be puttied, which will extend the shelf life of the plywood for further use.

Exist different variants Installation of formwork, however, not all work can be done with your own hands. The installation technology for each type of structure is determined by the height and cross-section of the columns. To better study the scheme of formwork work, we recommend watching the video presented at the end of the article.

Columns with cross-sectional sides from 0.4 to 0.8 m in the absence of intersecting clamps are concreted without interruption in sections no more than 5 m high, freely dumping the concrete mixture into the formwork directly from the transport container. When lowering the concrete mixture from a higher height, link trunks are used.

Columns with cross-sectional sides less than 0.4 m and columns of any cross-section with intersecting clamps that cause stratification of the concrete mixture when it falls are concreted without interruption in sections no more than 2 m high. In this case, the concrete mixture is supplied through windows located in the side walls formwork. The concrete mixture is compacted using deep or external vibrators. The next highest sections are concreted only after the construction of the working seam.

When concreting columns bottom part formworks are filled to a height of 10-20 cm with cement mortar of composition 1:2-1:3 to avoid the formation of defective concrete with accumulations of coarse aggregate without mortar. When dumping a concrete mixture, the largest crushed stone is wedged into this solution and as a result a mixture of normal composition is formed.

To strictly adhere to the thickness of the protective layer in the columns, special gaskets made of cement mortar and attached to the reinforcement bars before concreting with a binding wire placed in the spacers during their manufacture.

The formwork of high columns is installed only on three sides, and on the fourth it is expanded during the concreting process. If there are beams and purlins with dense reinforcement above the columns that do not allow concreting the columns from above, then they are allowed to be concreted before installing the reinforcement of the beams adjacent to them.

Columns, as a rule, are concreted to the entire height of the floor without working seams. Working seams can be installed only at the level of the top of the foundation A - A or at the bottom of the purlins and beams B - B. In the columns of industrial workshops, working seams can be installed at the level of the top of the foundation A - A, at the top level of the crane beams B - B or at the bottom level consoles (protrusions) B - B, supporting crane beams. In columns of beamless floors, it is allowed to install seams at the level of the top of the foundation A - A and at the bottom of the capitals B - B. The capital should be concreted simultaneously with the floor slab.

If sections of the column are high and are being concreted without working joints, it is necessary to take breaks during concreting to allow the concrete mixture to settle. The duration of the break should be at least 40 minutes and no more than 2 hours.

Frames should be concreted without interruption. If it is necessary to create a break between concreting columns (racks) and frame crossbars, it is allowed to install working seams at the bottom or top of the G - G bevel.

When concreting paired columns at installation sites expansion joints structures, it is necessary to ensure that the partitions inserted into the formwork box are not knocked down and that the same dimensions of the paired elements are ensured.

1. Manufacturing technology of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and parts
   • General issues in precast concrete production
   • Preparation of concrete mixtures
   • Production of mortar mixtures
   • Transporting concrete mixture
   • Preparation of reinforcement
   • Formwork
   • Preparing molds, forming concrete and curing products
   • Reinforcement and forming of prestressed products
   • Features of the production of various types of concrete and reinforced concrete products
   • Concreting of various structures

In modern monolithic construction columns are used quite often. In many projects of multi-storey buildings, they are not only decorative architectural elements, but also the main load-bearing structures of the entire building. This allows you to build premises on the next floor without repeating the plan of the previous one. To ensure the strength and durability of such monolithic buildings, the formwork of the columns must be made reliably and efficiently.

Types of columns and formwork for their arrangement

According to the geometric shape of the section, all columns are divided into:

• round (cylindrical);
• square or rectangular;
• multifaceted;
• curly.

The most widespread are the columns of the first two types. The last two categories are used mainly for restoration of buildings or decorative purposes.

Based on the number of cycles of use, formwork for arranging columns is divided into:

• disposable;
• reusable.

Depending on the material of manufacture, the formwork is:

• wooden;
• plastic;
• metal;
• cardboard;
• combined.

Formwork for cylindrical columns

Formwork for round columns can be either disposable or reusable.

Cardboard tubes are now often used as disposable formwork for round columns. In their manufacture they use paper tape, special adhesive composition and polymer material(to ensure waterproofness). This column formwork is available with an internal diameter from 150 to 1200 mm. Its installation is quite simple: the pipe is simply placed on the reinforcement frame, then support rings are installed, to which spacer struts are attached (to provide stability and vertical alignment). For quick dismantling When making such products, a special metal wire is pressed along the entire length of the pipe, by pulling which the cardboard is cut along its entire length, and then it is easily separated from the hardened concrete.

On a note! It is advisable to dismantle the cardboard pipe just before the end of construction. This will protect the support from technological damage.

Disposable formwork for columns made of cardboard has a number of undoubted advantages:

• low cost;
• ease of installation and dismantling;
• when using it, the surface of the concrete support is of high quality;
• light weight;
• high strength.

As non-removable elements round section use pipes (metal, asbestos-cement or plastic). This, after the concrete solution has hardened, remains an integral part of the column structure.

Attention! Using metal pipes their surface must be treated with an anti-corrosion compound.

Reusable round formwork consists of metal or plastic half-pipes, which are mounted around the column reinforcement frame using special quick-release fasteners. Plastic column formwork has less adhesion to concrete compared to metal formwork (this ensures ease of dismantling), but less strength.

Formwork for square and rectangular columns

This type of column is most widely used in both industrial and individual construction.

The most common type removable formwork for the arrangement of such columns - a large-panel formwork system. Universal panels (their dimensions: width – 0.4÷1.2 m, height – 1.0÷3.3 m) allow you to quickly install formwork for square columns (the cross-section of which is from 0.2⨯0.2 m to 1. 0⨯1.0 m).

Longitudinal technological holes for fastening elements (pins) allow you to create formwork rectangular section. For one column you need: shields (4 pieces, assembled in a “mill”), kingpins with special tightening nuts (for a column about 3 meters high, as a rule, 16 sets are enough) and slopes (at least 2 two-level support ones).

The popularity of this system is due to:

• simplicity and high speed installation and dismantling;
• the ability to form a column section in accordance with the requirements of the project;
• durability (from 80 to 200 concreting cycles, depending on the manufacturer and material of the panels).

Another common one in modern construction The type of formwork system for the construction of columns is beam-transom. The main elements of this design are formwork slabs, steel crossbars, beams various sizes and fasteners. This type of formwork system can be easily adapted to create square, rectangular and even octagonal columns. This steel column formwork has the greatest strength and durability compared to other materials ( laminated chipboard, plastic or boards and plywood).

Self-production of formwork for the construction of columns

When making formwork for monolithic columns with your own hands, you can use several methods.

The simplest method (however quite labor-intensive) for making a formwork frame for columns of square or rectangular cross-section:

• From boards (25 mm thick and length equal to the height of the column), using nails and screws, we make a U-shaped structure with internal dimensions, corresponding to the section of the future column.
• We make a shield from the same boards, which will subsequently become the fourth side of the formwork frame.
• We install the U-shaped structure to the reinforcement frame and attach a board made of boards to it.
• We level the formwork vertically using a level and secure it with stops made of boards or bars.
• To give the structure additional strength, we tighten it using additional bars and studs with nuts.
• Now you can start pouring the concrete mixture.

The video will help you understand the above-described technology for manufacturing formwork for square columns:

Another method for self-production is largely similar to the previous one. Instead of boards for making formwork (preferably moisture-resistant, 12 mm thick) and wooden blocks. We use reinforcing bars and quick-release spring locks (clips) as tightening elements. For vertical alignment, you can use rented telescopic stands.

On a note! It is advisable to use the above methods if it is necessary to produce a small number of columns (3÷4 pieces). Otherwise, the cost of materials and hardware for the manufacture of formwork will be quite high. If you need to build 10÷12 columns (for example, for a large glass terrace or verandas), then the formwork of columns on universal panels, rented (the cost of renting one set, which includes: 4 panels, 2 two-level telescopic slopes, a set of necessary fasteners, will be about 7,500 rubles per month). And since the column can be stripped within 48 hours after pouring the concrete solution, you can easily make required amount columns

In custody

The final choice of one or another type of formwork for the manufacture of columns depends on their number, section size and height. Of course, only high-tech professional formwork systems are used for the construction of bridge or overpass supports. And for the construction of several not very tall columns during individual construction, you can completely get by with a form made from scrap materials. The main thing is that it strictly corresponds to the geometry of the future column and can withstand the pressure of the concrete solution without deformation.