Vsevolod's great nest years of reign. Vsevolod Yurievich - big nest

VSEVOLOD III BIG NEST

Vsevolod (1154-1212) is the son of Yuri Dolgoruky and Olga, the daughter of the Greek emperor.
He had a large offspring - 12 children (including 8 sons), so he received the nickname “Big Nest”.

In 1162, together with his mother and brother, Andrei Bogolyubsky was expelled and went to Constantinople to live with Emperor Manuel. At the age of fifteen he returned to Rus'.
In 1169 we see him in the huge army of Andrei, which took Kyiv by storm on March 8th. Vsevolod remained with Uncle Gleb, whom Andrei imprisoned in Kyiv. Gleb soon died (1171), and Kyiv was occupied by Vladimir Dorogobuzhsky. But Andrei gave it to Roman Rostislavich Smolensky, and then to his brother Mikhalko Torchesky; the latter himself did not go to the devastated city, but sent his brother Vsevolod there.
The offended Rostislavichs entered Kyiv at night and captured Vsevolod (1173). Soon Mikhalko exchanged his brother for Vladimir Yaroslavich Galitsky (1174) and together with him, with Andrei’s troops, went to Kyiv to expel Rurik Rostislavich from it.

Prince of Pereslavl: 1175 - 1207

After the victory of Mikhail and Vsevolod (Big Nest) Yuryevich over their nephews Mstislav and Yaropolk Rostislavich on June 15, 1175, the brothers divided their possessions into two parts: the Principality of Vladimir, where Mikhail sat, and the Principality of Pereyaslavl, given to Vsevolod.

The city of Suzdal continues to grow spontaneously. The trading estate that grew up under Yuri is significantly expanding on the eastern side, between the Kremlin rampart and the Gremyachka river.
At the confluence of Gremyachka and Kamenka, the Kozmodamiansky monastery is built on the site of the overthrown pagan idol Yarun
On the big Yaroslavl road behind the settlement in 1207, the Deposition of the Robe nunnery was founded
On the south-eastern side of the Kremlin, at the confluence of the Mzhara River and Kamenka, on a wide plateau lies the Mikhailov Sloboda, owned by Vsevolod’s brother Mikhalka.

On the western side of the mountain, across the Kamenka River, on the Vladimir Road, there is the ancient Dmitrievsky Monastery with its land, received from Bishop Ephraim back in the 11th century.
Old ancestral settlements located along the elevated banks of the river side are turning into suburban settlements belonging to the spiritual nobility of Suzdal. However, despite the territorial expansion, politically Suzdal is already becoming a secondary city.
In 1947, on the north side of the Boris and Gleb Church in Kideksha, fragments of frescoes dating back to the 1180s, painted in pink and brown tones, were discovered. Scientists suggest that they were created at the behest of Prince Vsevolod III, who wished to decorate the temple built by his father (Yuri Dolgoruky). Two female figures among the trees Garden of Eden- Saint Mary and Empress Euphrosyne - clearly visible on a white background surrounded by tropical palms with red fruits, under which peacocks walk. On the southern side of the temple you can see the figures of two horsemen: according to one version, these are the galloping wise men, according to the other, the passion-bearing princes Boris and Gleb.
In 1202, having agreed with Roman, Vsevolod gave Kyiv to Ingvar Yaroslavich of Lutsk. Expelled from Kyiv, Rurik tried to return it the following year, but was again defeated by Roman and was forced to kiss the cross to Grand Duke Vsevolod and his children, that is, to renounce seniority in the clan even after Vsevolod’s death.
Later, Rurik again received Kyiv from the hands of Vsevolod, and later Vsevolod imprisoned Rostislav Rurikovich here (in 1203) and Vsevolod Svyatoslavich Chermny (in 1210).
Kyiv belonged to Vsevolod: he could come to this city and dispose of all the district volosts.
Vsevolod sought to establish friendliness among the princes with a new property: he married his daughter to his nephew Svyatoslav of Kyiv (Olgovich); He married his daughter Verkhuslava to Rostislav Rurikovich Belgorodsky (Rostislavovich); He married his ten-year-old son Konstantin to the granddaughter of Roman Rostislavovich Smolensky.

Relations with Ryazan

In 1207, when Vsevolod was gathering an army in order to settle accounts with the Olegovichs for expelling the son of Yaroslav from Chernigov and invited the Ryazan princes to participate in the campaign, treason was suddenly revealed in their ranks. Here is what Soloviev writes about this:
“All the Ryazan people really came with squads, there were eight of them: Roman and Svyatoslav Glebovich, the latter with two sons, and their nephews, the sons of the deceased Igor and Vladimir, two Igorevichs - Ingvar and Yuri, and two Vladimirovichs - Gleb and Oleg. Vsevolod received them all cordially and invited them to dinner; the table was set in two tents: in one sat six Ryazan princes, and in the other - Grand Duke Vsevolod and with him two other Ryazan princes, namely the Vladimirovichs - Gleb and Oleg. The latter began to say to Vsevolod: “Don’t believe, prince, our brothers: they have conspired against you with the Chernigovites.” Vsevolod sent to incriminate the Ryazan princes, Prince Davyd of Murom and his boyar Mikhail Borisovich: the accused began to swear that they had not thought anything like that; Prince Davyd and boyar Mikhail walked for a long time from one tent to another, finally, their relatives - Gleb and Oleg - appeared in the Ryazan tent and began to incriminate them; Vsevolod, hearing that the truth had finally been revealed, ordered to seize the convicted princes along with their Duma members, take them to Vladimir, and the next day he himself crossed the Oka and went to Pronsk, where the son of the deceased Vsevolod Glebovich, Mikhail, was sitting; this prince, hearing that his uncles had been captured and Vsevolod was approaching his city with an army, became frightened and fled to his father-in-law in Chernigov - a sign that he was also on the side of the captured princes and on the side of the Chernigov prince, his father-in-law: otherwise why was there Should he be afraid of Vsevolod, who was always favorable to his father? ("Russian history")
The residents of Pronsk invited the third of the Vladimirovichs, Izyaslav, to become their prince and refused to let Vsevolod into the city. The inhabitants of the besieged city did not have enough water and food supplies, but they held strong, from time to time making forays to the river for water. However, the Suzdal residents guarded the gates, preventing the besieged from replenishing supplies. After a three-week siege, the Pronians were forced to surrender. Vsevolod gave them Oleg Vladimirovich as prince, and he himself went to Ryazan. Concerned Ryazan residents sent their envoys to meet him, led by Bishop Arseny, who swore to Grand Duke Vsevolod that they would fulfill all his demands if he did not destroy their city. Vsevolod heeded the requests and went back through Kolomna to Vladimir. Vsevolod’s demand was that the Ryazan people hand over to him all the other princes and princesses. The people of Ryazan obeyed, and the next year, 1208, Vsevolod sent his son Yaroslav to reign with them. The people of Ryazan swore allegiance to the new prince, but then they began to grab the people of Suzdal and throw them into the cellars. Yaroslav turned to his father for help, and Vsevolod immediately responded to his call. The Grand Duke ordered the people of Ryazan to appear at the river for the prince's court. The Ryazan residents came out, but Vsevolod Yuryevich did not like their speeches. By order of Vsevolod, Ryazan was burned, and its inhabitants were resettled in different cities of the Suzdal region.
Since 1179, the Ryazan princes were under the will of Vsevolod.

Relations with Novgorod

Since 1203, Vsevolod ruled arbitrarily in Novgorod. First, he placed his young son Svyatoslav there, then replaced him with Constantine, whose reign was accompanied by unrest among the residents of the city. Here is what Soloviev writes about this:
“The new mayor Miroshkinich with his brothers and friends, relying on the strength of the Suzdal prince (Konstantin), wanted to enrich themselves at the expense of the residents and allowed themselves to do things that turned the entire city against them; Among the dissatisfied, apparently, was a certain Alexey Sbyslavich; the mayor's brother, Boris Miroshkinich, went to Vladimir to Vsevolod and returned from there with the latter's boyar, Lazar, who brought the order to kill Alexei Sbyslavich, and the command was carried out: Alexei was killed at Yaroslav's court - without guilt, the chronicler adds, because the usual condition with the prince - not to execute without declaring guilt no longer existed: Vsevolod ruled autocratically in Novgorod.”
Discontent in Novgorod, however, grew, and Vsevolod was forced to recall Constantine and return Svyatoslav to Novgorod. However, such a replacement did not essentially change anything in the city: Vsevolod’s sons were subordinate to their father and could not make decisions on their own. Either the Novgorod mayors or the Suzdal boyars did this for them, giving rise to more and more new feuds in the city. The Novgorodians sent people to Toropets to the local prince Mstislav, the son of the famous Mstislav the Brave, with a request to save Novgorod from Suzdal oppression. Mstislav responded to the call of the Novgorodians willingly and, having arrived in Novgorod, immediately moved to Torzhok, because Vsevolod captured the Novgorod merchants in their cities and sent his sons with an army to the Novgorod border. However, the battle did not happen. Cautious Vsevolod came to an agreement with Mstislav. The Novgorodians returned his son Svyatoslav to the distressed father, and the Grand Duke released the Novgorod merchants.

In 1206, Smolensk Bishop Mikhail came to Vladimir so that the Grand Duke would forgive their prince for his alliance with the Olgovichs.

Vsevolod strengthened the security of external borders. The nomadic Polovtsians disturbed the southern possessions of Rus', especially Ryazan. He drove the Polovtsians into the depths of the steppes, and their khans fled in horror from the banks of the Don to the sea.
Vsevolod reigned prudently, strictly observing justice from his youth. Raised in Greece, he respected ancient customs, but demanded obedience from the princes, but did not take the throne from them without guilt, he wanted to rule without violence. Commanding the Novgorodians, he flattered their love of freedom. Courageous in battle and always a winner, he did not like useless bloodshed. He was born to reign.

DEVELOPMENT OF VLADIMIR

On the slope to the river behind the Golden Gate in the 12th century. there was a wooden church of St. Nicholas, and behind it on a high spur there were wooden buildings of the Ascension Monastery.

Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. 1732

From the chronicle story about the great city fire of 1185, we learn that 32 churches burned down in Vladimir. The dwellings of ordinary townspeople and the mansions of wealthy merchants and boyars were made of wood.
During the time of Vsevolod III, Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' reached its greatest prosperity. Construction has reached an unprecedented scale. Fortresses were built in Vladimir, Suzdal, and Pereslavl-Zalessky.

In 1185, during a city fire, when the Assumption Cathedral itself was damaged, 32 wooden churches burned down; in 1192, 14 churches burned down; in 1199 half of the city and 15 churches burned down in a fire.

Vladimirsky child

A wall was built in Vladimir Vladimirsky child(inner fortress 1194 - 1196).
In the Laurentian Chronicle, under the year 6702-1194, we read: “That same summer, the blessed prince Vsevolod Yuryevich laid a child, in the city of Volodymeri, on the 4th day of June in memory of St. Mitrofan, Patriarch of Kostyantinagrad.”
This construction project of Vsevolod stands among other fortifications he carried out at that time:
- in 1192-1194. The oak walls of the Suzdal Kremlin are being renewed. Monomakhov tyn was replaced by chopped tyn (connected frames of cages filled with clay). The Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin required repairs, which were done in 1194 by order of Vsevolod. Bishop John I decorated the renovated Suzdal Cathedral by inserting into its façade a large white stone cross with an inscribed inscription “praise to the cross.” After repairs, the cathedral stood for 28 years. In 1222 it was dismantled, and in its place in 1222-1225. under the son of Vsevolod, a new white stone Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God was built. The cathedral was three-domed, the most beautiful building in Suzdal in the 13th century. The building stood without damage for more than 200 years;
- in 1195, simultaneously with the construction of the Vladimir Detinets, Vsevolod sent his tyun to renew the fortifications of the distant Ostersky town and founded a wooden “city” along the crest of the ramparts of Pereslavl-Zalessky, completed in the same year.
40-45 m north of the bell tower of the Assumption Cathedral lie underground, discovered in 1936-1937. remains of the white stone fortifications of the Vladimir Detinets, built by Vsevolod III and Bishop John I in 1194-1196. and cut off their courtyards and palaces from the city.
The Detinets Gate was a smaller and simplified copy of the Golden Gate. In their wide western wall there was a staircase to the upper battle platform, in the center of which stood the small gate episcopal stone church of Joachim and Anna, built two years after the foundation of the detinets, in 1196, by Bishop John I. Which was soon consecrated. The Laurentian and Resurrection Chronicles report that this church was placed “on the gates of the Holy Mother of God,” that is, on the gates of the Assumption Cathedral. According to the later life of Prince Georgy Vsevolodovich of Vladimir, Bishop John I founded this church “in his yard.” Thus, it turns out that the gate of the child with the gate church of Joachim and Anna was at the same time the gate leading to the bishop's cathedral.

The Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir and its bell tower are the former gates (according to the drawing of 1801)

It was an elegant structure, apparently not inferior in beauty to the city cathedrals: during excavations, fragments of a columnar belt decorated with portal carvings, green majolica tiles of the floor of the battle area and colored majolica thin tiles were found. figured tiles from the mosaic floors of the temple. Its vaults were possibly supported by light round columns, the defective fragments of which were used by the builders in laying the walls of the detinets. The walls, made of white stone and slabs of porous tuff, connected in the west with the rampart of the Middle City, and in the east they went to the Demetrius Cathedral.

Based on the size of the gate, the church placed on it could have dimensions of no more than 8-9 m on the side: there should have been a bypass around the upper battle platform around it. With these miniature scales, the church could not have pillars that would correspond to the blades of the facades; most likely, it was a pillarless church, similar to St. chapel-tomb of the Chernigov Spassky Cathedral, which also had blades on the walls. It can, however, be assumed that the defective fragments of relatively light white stone columns placed at the base of the western wing of the detinets could be related to the design of the gate church. Didn't it have round columns supporting the vaults? All this, like the question of the top of the gate church, remains in the realm of guesswork. The Episcopal Church had the same rich decoration as the Episcopal Assumption Cathedral. The floors were covered with tiles. If we take the average area to be paved as 100 m2, the need for tiles will be expressed in the amount of 3460 pieces. This order, as far as can be judged from the surviving fragments, was executed in five workshops.
Floors made from glazed tiles first appeared in architecture Kievan Rus, and in the 12th century. became widespread in the architecture of Russian principalities. They are known in the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, the Zarubsky Monastery, the temple and civil buildings of Belgorod, Psreslavl South, the Kyiv churches of the so-called “Simeon on Kudryavets” and Nikita, the Zverinetsky caves near Kiev, further in Vladimir Volynsky, Galich, Drogichin and Grodno. In the north they are known in Smolensk, Old Ryazan and in the Nereditsky church near Novgorod. But perhaps this technique was most widely developed in the architectural monuments of the Vladimir land. The earliest glazed tiles were encountered by us during excavations in the Transfiguration Cathedral in Pereslavl-Zalessky, then in the Bogolyubov Palace, in the Church of the Savior in Vladimir in 1164. There are indications that similar tiles were found during the excavations of K.N. Tikhonravova near Vladimir - on Fedorovsky Hill, which is associated with the legend about the construction of the Church of Fedor Stratilates here by Prince Andrei. Consequently, in the construction of Bogolyubsky we have the first experience in the production and use of this finishing material. Under Vsevolod and later, this type of decoration received further development. Similar tiles were found in the cathedral of the Vladimir Nativity Monastery, built almost simultaneously with Detinets (1192-1195), in the Cathedral of the Princess Monastery in Vladimir (1200-1202), and, finally, in the Suzdal Cathedral (1222-1225). ). The tiles of the gateway church of Detinets are closest to the tiles of the Princess Cathedral; on their back there is a convex frame, and in the center there is also a convex circle or square.
Compared to Belgorod tiles, Vladimir tiles are distinguished by their rougher technique and design; white calcareous clays of the south, producing a dense, durable shard, allowed minimum thickness tiles (1 - 1.5 cm), Vladimir tiles made of red roughly processed clay are thick (up to 3 cm) and large, the color pattern does not reach the complexity and elegance of the southern prototypes. Painted inside with frescoes, with floors made of colored tiles and inlaid patterns, it was, however, no less a magnificent building than the princely court cathedral.
Ancient Gate Church of Joachim and Anna received in the 17th century. tent top. In this form, she was captured in an engraving based on a drawing from 1764 and a watercolor drawing from the “Provincial Atlas” of 1801.
Next to the Assumption Cathedral there were bishop's court(1158-1160) c Church of John the Baptist(1194) and princely stone palace complex(1195-1196). The princely palace was connected by passages with the white stone stair towers of the Demetrius Cathedral (1195).
The Vsevolodov citadel, which encircled the episcopal and princely courts in Vladimir with stone, was not limited to the territory of the episcopal court. It went further to the east, encompassed the princely courtyard with the Dimitrievsky Cathedral and, finally, connected with the wall of the court Nativity Monastery, which occupied the south-eastern corner of the Middle City.
The monumental military nature of the fortifications of Detinets testifies to the severity and intensity of the class struggle in the city, which did not go out after the uprising of 1174 and the murder of Andrei Bogolyubsky. The “rebellion” of 1177, which Vsevolod also encountered, some kind of urban unrest associated with the terrible fire of Vladimir in 1185, when “fear, hesitation and misfortune spread among the peasant race,” and finally the fire of 1193, when half of the fortifications of the city, and Vsevolod’s court was barely defended, but “a lot of evil was committed” - all these facts speak of an alarming atmosphere in the capital. The crack in the “alliance of the townspeople and the royal power” deepened. But Vsevolod could, relying on his established power, ignore his allies. The stone armor of the detinets stood between the princely-bishop's court and the city; it guaranteed the safety of the Vladimir rulers from unexpected complications and covered their mansions and churches from dangerous neighborhood flammable wooden city.

The five-domed Assumption Cathedral was rebuilt after a fire - 1185-1189.

Vladimir Assumption Cathedral

Detinets, in addition to the courtyard of the spiritual ruler, also included the princely courtyard at the Demetrius Cathedral. It is possible that the Detinets captured a larger territory on the east side of the Demetrius Cathedral than N.N. assumed. Voronin. Much east of the supposed border of Detinets, between the Dmitrievsky Cathedral and the Nativity Monastery, a small excavation with an area of ​​80 square meters was opened in 1993. m, where an undisturbed layer of the pre-Mongol period was discovered with the remains of two wooden buildings of the 12th - 13th centuries. and a collection of interesting finds. Among them were 9 fragments of stained glass, fragments of oriental glazed ceramics, a copper and gilded relief plate in the form of a dragon or, rather, a griffin, as well as a bronze icon of the 14th century. - things clearly of princely use.
A magnificent stone palace with the court Dmitrievsky Cathedral was built in Vladimir (1194-1197). See Demetrius Cathedral.

CHRISTMAS MONASTERY

According to legend, the monastery was founded in 1175 by the Vladimir prince Andrei Bogolyubsky.
Under Vsevolod, a second internal fortress was built with the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary 1192-1195.

The four-pillar, three-apse, single-domed cathedral was built in the traditions characteristic of Vladimir-Suzdal white stone architecture of the 12th century.

Archivolt block of the portal of the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin. 1192-1196 Limestone; hew, carving 75 x 35 x 20. In 1862, during the reconstruction of the cathedral according to the design of the architect N.A. Artleben was used in the masonry of the new cathedral.

Until 1219, some other work was carried out in the cathedral, since it was in this year that the “great consecration” of the temple took place. Since 1230, there was an archimandry in the monastery, then it became the main monastery of all North-Eastern Rus'.
In 1263, Prince Alexander Yaroslavovich Nevsky was buried in the monastery cathedral, whose relics were discovered in 1381.
The role of the first monastery of the Vladimir (and then Moscow) Metropolis belonged to the Nativity Monastery until 1561, when it became second after the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
All R. XVII century Stone construction began again in the monastery: in 1654, a bell tower in the form of a high octagonal pillar with a tent (not preserved) was erected; in 1659, state cells were built. In 1667 the monastery became stauropegial.
Under Archimandrite Vincent in 1678-1685. Stone tents were added to the cathedral (not preserved), and a fraternal building was erected at the same time. In the 2nd half. XVII century A stone gate church of the Nativity of Christ with an adjacent refectory is being built, and another volume is being added to the south-eastern corner of the state cells. Some buildings from the 17th century. existed on the site of the Bishops' Chambers.

Newly built Virgin Nativity Cathedral

See Mother of God Nativity Monastery.

PRINCE MONASTERY

The wife of Prince Vsevolod Maria Shvarovna founded a monastery in the city of Knyaginin with a brick Assumption Cathedral, built in 1200 - 1202. The chronicles do not provide precise information about the origins of Grand Duchess Maria. Some sources (Nesterova, Nikon's Chronicle, Degree Book) call her the daughter of the Czech prince Shvarn, others (for example, the Ignatiev Chronicle) indicate her origins from one of the princes of the Yas tribe, which roamed the south of Rus', possibly captured and adopted the Christian faith. Maria Shvarovna was the mother of eight sons and four daughters of Vsevolod. The reason for the founding of the monastery was the illness of the Grand Duchess after the birth of her son John, due to which she decided to go to the monastery and accept monasticism.
The acquisition of land for the monastery by the princess is stated in the Nikon Chronicle and the Degree Book: “The God-loving Grand Duchess Maria did a deed worthy of memory: imitating the right of righteous Abraham, she bought at the price part of the land for the construction of a church and monastery to the glory of God and the Most Pure Mother of God.”
From the book of Archimandrite Porfiry we learn the exact date of foundation of the monastery: “the stone monastery church was founded on July 15, 1200 by the Grand Duke Vsevolod himself and Bishop John I, and consecrated on September 9, 1202, probably by the same bishop.”
This event is described in the life of St. George: “In the summer of 1200, Grand Duke Vsevolod Georgievich decided on a council with his Grand Duchess Maria, and with the blessing of blessed Bishop John I they created a stone church in the name of Holy Mother of God Dormition in the Knyaginin Monastery; and they formed a monastery for the nuns, and provided them with all sorts of comforts and possessions.”
Unlike the white stone buildings of this period, the cathedral was made of flat tiled bricks measuring 12-20 × 12-25 × 3.5-6 cm, on a strong lime mortar with seams 3-5.5 cm, called plinf and preserved to this day in lower parts walls of this monument.
Having become seriously ill, the Grand Duchess decides to take her hair in a new monastery. Since then, the monastery has received the name of Knyaginin and serves as a burial place for the Vladimir princesses and princesses.
Located in close proximity to the Orin Gate, the monastery probably played a strategic role, representing one of Vladimir’s defensive points.

Initial architectural forms of the XII-XIII centuries. this structure has not reached us. Most likely, as I.A. writes in his book “Preliminary Research of the Assumption Cathedral of the Princess Monastery” Stoletov, they repeated the established forms of the Vladimir-Suzdal churches of this period, and, in particular, the forms of the Demetrievsky Cathedral, but with a simpler architectural treatment that corresponded both to the monastic character of this cathedral and to the new material - brick. The temple was richly decorated at the expense of the Grand Duchess. We know little about the fate of the cathedral in subsequent centuries. Over the centuries it has undergone repeated alterations.

Assumption Cathedral of the Princess Monastery

The surviving Assumption Cathedral of the monastery was erected on the site of the old one at the end of the 15th - beginning of the 15th century. XVI century
It is a powerful cube with a three-part division of facades, with a gallery and aisles at the eastern corners. On the outside, the walls end with zakomaras, above which there are two tiers of keel-shaped kokoshniks, topped with a powerful light drum. The Assumption Cathedral has repeatedly undergone significant alterations. As a result of restoration work, the monument has largely been restored to its 16th-century appearance. Inside the cathedral, frescoes from Ser. XVII century Moscow school of painters under the leadership of Mark Matveev. On its northern and southern walls scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary are depicted, figures of the apostles are visible in the altar, and on the pylons of the temple, which support the vaults and dome, the artists placed images of bishops and grand dukes. There is also a reminder of retribution for sins - the scene of the Last Judgment.

Frescoes of the altar apse of the Assumption Cathedral. XVII century

On March 19, 1206, the first wife of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest, Maria Shvarnovna, died and was buried on the northern porch of the Assumption Cathedral of “her”, the Princess’s monastery.

Grand Duchess of Vladimir Maria Shvarnovna

Both spouses of Vsevolod III, the wife and daughter of Alexander Nevsky, were buried in the necropolis of the Assumption Cathedral, and the relics of the holy martyr Abraham of Bulgaria were also located.
On Lazarus Saturday, April 10, 1991, the solemn consecration of the Assumption Cathedral of the monastery took place. A reliquary with a particle of the relics of the holy martyr Abraham of Bulgaria, the Heavenly patron of the monastery, was transferred in a religious procession from the Assumption Cathedral.
In 1992, on Great Wednesday, at the request of Archbishop Eulogius, it was brought from Vladimir local history museum in the Annunciation chapel of the Assumption Cathedral of the monastery is the miraculous Bogolyubsk Icon of the Mother of God, painted at the behest of the holy noble prince Andrei Bogolyubsky in memory of the appearance of the Most Holy Theotokos to him. Prayers were held weekly before the image of the Queen of Heaven.
On May 23, 1993, on the Sunday of the Blind, the miraculous God-loving icon of the Mother of God was transferred from the Annunciation chapel to main temple and placed in the northern part of the iconostasis.

Maryino-owner's estate

Plan of Vladimir XII-XIII centuries. (according to N.N. Voronin)

The numbers on the plan indicate: I - the city of Monomakha (Pecherny city); II - Vetchany city; III - New town; IV - child; 1 - Church of the Savior; 2 - Church of St. George; 3 - Assumption Cathedral; 4 - Golden Gate; 5 - Orina's Gate; 6 - Copper gate; 7 - Silver Gate; 8 - Volga Gate; 9 - Demetrius Cathedral; 10 - Ascension Monastery; 11 - Nativity Monastery; 12 - Assumption (Princess) Monastery; 13 - Trade gate; 14 - Ivanovo Gate; 15 - Detinets gate; 16 - Church of the Exaltation at Torg.

Anyone who entered the Middle City found themselves in the center of the capital. To the right, behind the white stone wall of the detinets, the golden-domed Assumption Cathedral with the towers of the bishop's courtyard, the buildings of Vsevolod's palace on the sides of the Dimitrievsky Cathedral, and behind them the Cathedral of the Nativity Monastery were visible. To the left was the market square with the Church of the Exaltation, behind which one could see fields rising to the horizon. Ahead, on the slope of the Middle City plateau, lay the eastern belt of its walls with the Ivanovo passage tower. Behind it began the trade and craft end of the city - its suburb, where houses and churches were exclusively wooden. Here the city triangle narrowed, and its development resembled big village located along the road. This impression was reinforced by the wide, non-urban landscape that opened from here to the south and east. The central street passed through the white stone arch of the Silver Gate and merged with the road to the villages of Dobroye, Bogolyubovo and Suzdal. We do not know for sure how the cross streets were located. One might think that, given the small width of the Vetchany Town-Posad, the main street was accessed, as it is now, by short alleys. In the Middle City, a significant area was occupied by trading, to which the streets probably converged from the northeastern part. In the New City, apparently, there was a transverse street that ran along the ramparts of the Middle City along the ravine to the Volga Gate on Klyazma and to the northern Copper, to Lybid. To the north-west, perhaps, there was a street from the Torgovykh to the Irina Gate. The city opened up with changing diverse ensembles not only from the inside. Perhaps more important in his design were his external “facades,” clearly designed to be perceived from long distances and from different points of view. The builders of Vladimir, skillfully using the rich relief of the coastal ridge, created a wide open water external world city ​​ensemble. From the side of the Yuryevskaya road, from the gently elevated fields to the north-west, the city opened up a little from above and almost entirely in all the diversity of its parts. From the hills along which the road from Suzdal descended from the east, the city seemed to be calmly rising uphill; in front stood the Silver Gate, behind them were the dwellings of the townspeople with a group of tall chopped churches, above them in the distance lay the belt of the walls of the Middle City with the Ivanovo Gate and towers, and further and to the left the domes of the cathedrals of the Nativity Monastery and Detinets sparkled. But the main aspect of the city ensemble was, undoubtedly, its southern “facade”, facing the river and the expanse of floodplains and forests, among which there was a road to Murom. From here the city was visible in all its majestic extent, reminiscent of the panorama of Kyiv over the Dnieper. On the hill from the west stood wooden buildings Ascension Monastery and St. Nicholas Church. From the southern corner of the New City the fortress wall descended, so that from the ravine from the Volga Gate it would again rise steeply to the corner of the Middle City. In a semicircular depression behind it, along the slopes of the mountain, stood the houses of the townspeople, buried in gardens, and above them, along the high edge of the plateau, were the princely courtyards with the temples of the Savior and St. George and the sharp roofs of the towers. High on the corner of the Middle City, the Assumption Cathedral raised its domes - the central link of the panorama; in a row with it, at almost equal intervals, the smaller Cathedrals of Dimitrievsky and Rozhdestvensky were visible. Placed on the very edge of the plateau, they created the deceptive impression that the entire depth of the city was filled with similar white stone buildings. From the highest point - the Assumption Cathedral - the profile of the city slowly and rhythmically decreased. The panorama of the low-lying settlement - Vetchany Town - was determined by the tops of wooden churches, which, together with the tents of the fortress towers, created a carved, jagged and more fractional silhouette. The southern panorama appears especially majestic and fabulous in the early hours of dawn, when the floodplain and city heights are drowned in a milky sea of ​​swirling fog and the white stone cathedrals blazing in the first rays of the sun seem like a fantastic vision. There is no doubt that both the “interiors” of the city and its pronounced “facade” were not a “happy accident”, but were the result of a great creative work Vladimir city builders.

In 1206, his son Yaroslav, Vsevolod Chermny, Prince of Chernigov, expelled him from Southern Pereyaslavl. The Grand Duke set out on a campaign; in Moscow, his eldest son Konstantin joined him with the Novgorodians, and then the Murom and Ryazan princes. Everyone thought that they would go south, but they were deceived: Vsevolod was informed that the Ryazan princes were cheating and were friends with the Chernigov princes. The Grand Duke, calling them to a feast, ordered them to be seized and sent in chains to Vladimir; Pronsk and Ryazan were taken; the latter gave him the rest of her princes and their families. Vsevolod first installed his governors and tiuns here, and then his son Yaroslav. But the Ryazan people rebelled against the latter, and Vsevolod again approached Ryazan with an army. Having ordered the residents to leave the city, he burned Ryazan, and resettled the Ryazan residents throughout the Suzdal land; Belgorod suffered the same fate (1208). Two Ryazan princes, Izyaslav Vladimirovich and Mikhail Vsevolodovich, who escaped captivity, took revenge on Vsevolod by devastating the outskirts of Moscow, but Vsevolod’s son, Yuri, defeated them completely; they fortified themselves on the banks of the Pra (or Tepra) river, but Vsevolod drove them out from here too; then, with the help of Metropolitan Matthew, who deliberately came to Vladimir, Vsevolod reconciled with the Olgovichs of Chernigov and sealed this peace with the marriage of his son Yuri with the daughter of Vsevolod Chermny (1210).

Vladimir-Suzdal principality in the 13th century.

Shortly before his death, Vsevolod wanted to give seniority to his eldest son Konstantin, and put Yuri in Rostov. But Konstantin was unhappy, he wanted to take both Vladimir and Rostov for himself. Then Vsevolod “called all his boyars from the cities and volosts and Bishop John I, and abbots, and priests, and merchants, and nobles, and all the people” (Resurrection Chronicle) and transferred seniority youngest son- Yuri. The fundamental custom was violated, which led to strife and disagreement.

Vsevolod died in 1212. The relics are kept in the St. Andrew's chapel of the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir.

After the death of Vsevolod, appanage principalities were formed in North-Eastern Rus': Suzdal (Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich), Pereyaslav (with Tver, Dmitrov, Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich), Rostov (with Beloozer, Ustyug), Yaroslavl, Uglich, Yuryevskoe (Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich), Starodubskoe (Prince Ivan Vsevolodovich), Rostov principality goes to Konstantin Vsevolodovich.

The main results of Vsevolod's reign were the reprisal against the boyars of Rostov who opposed the princely power, the expansion of the territory of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, the decoration of Vladimir with the Dmitrov and Nativity cathedrals, and the Detin Kremlin.
The chronicler speaks of his religiosity and love of poverty and adds that the prince judged with true and unfeigned judgment.

Nakhodki

Encolpion. Con. XII beginning XIII centuries
White metal, casting, engraving. 13.7x7.6x1.5 cm. With rounded blades decorated with paired teardrop-shaped protrusions. With remains of yellow metal, with a head in the form of a biconical hollow bead. With relief images. On the front side: the Crucifixion (in the center) and the Mother of God, John the Evangelist and John the Baptist - chest-to-chest in medallions on the side and upper ends of the cross. All images are signed. On the reverse side: the Mother of God and Child (Hodegetria?) and, on the side and upper ends of the cross, the holy warriors in chest-length medallions: George, Dmitry, Nestor (?). Inside the encolpion: a brown mass with a cross-shaped depression with remains of wood decay. Place of discovery: “Ham City” of Vladimir. Treasure 1993

Dmitrievsky Cathedral.
Holy Dormition Princess Convent.
Fortifications of the developed Middle Ages of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality.

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Chapter XII Vsevolod III “The Big Nest” The people of Vladimir had not yet dried all their tears before they took the oath before the Golden Gate. Already a new Prince for everyone, who did not disturb the dreams. They brought Vsevolod III to the throne. Was of the "Monomakh" family and the brother of Michael, Filled with the will of George -