Should everyone undergo a medical examination? Mandatory medical examination at the expense of the organization. How are the results of periodic inspection of the organization’s employees documented?

A medical examination is a set of diagnostic measures, the periodic implementation of which promptly reveals human pathologies and acts as a preventive measure for the development of occupational and other diseases. Screening before or during employment is aimed at preventing possible negative consequences of work activity and industrial accidents.

Purpose and types of medical examinations

Depending on the purpose and time of the preventive medical examination, its types are distinguished:

• Preliminary- the employee takes it before applying for a job to find out whether he can perform work for health reasons. For many professions, aptitude testing is mandatory (crane operators, drivers, pilots, industrial climbers, and so on).
• Periodic- it is recommended that employees of the enterprise undergo regular examinations in order to identify diseases in the early stages, pathologies that cause harm to others and make a person unfit to perform duties, and to minimize possible risks of developing the consequences of work.
• Extraordinary- carried out at the request of employees, when an employee is diagnosed with a dangerous infectious disease, at the request of Rospotrebnadzor. An unscheduled medical examination at the initiative of the employer is indicated if there are medical recommendations in the final report of the last examination. This usually applies to workers engaged in hazardous and harmful types of work.

Legislation

What is a PMO (preliminary and periodic medical examination), the procedure for passing, registration, and deadlines are determined by law. The employer is responsible for its implementation; this obligation is regulated by regulatory documents:

Depending on the worker’s profession, examinations are carried out on the basis of various legislative documents.

For example, a pre-trip medical examination for drivers is regulated by Law No. 196-FZ and Order No. 8358 of December 10, 1995, while according to the new rules introduced in 2015 and existing in 2018, filling out a log is mandatory. Its model is Order of the USSR Ministry of Health No. 555.

The procedure for medical examination of civil servants is determined by Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 984n dated December 14, 2009.

Preliminary, periodic, and extraordinary medical examinations of teachers are regulated by the Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” No. 273-FZ. A mandatory condition for hiring teaching staff is the presence of a medical book. It is also necessary for representatives of some other professions: when working with food and drinking water, in healthcare institutions, public service, and so on.

For various groups of the adult population, including unemployed people and students, the rules for medical examination are described in Order No. 869n, the new application of which came into force on January 1, 2018.

For untimely medical examination, the employer is responsible, who by law must remove the employee from work.

Violations of the survey rules may result in administrative liability.

If a person who has not passed the examination is allowed to work, a fine may be collected from officials and individual entrepreneurs in the amount of 15-25 thousand rubles, from legal entities - 110-130 thousand rubles.

What to do if an employee does not undergo a periodic medical examination depends on the reason. In any case, he is removed from work. If this was due to the fault of the employer, the downtime period is paid, if due to the fault of the employee - not.

Refusal to undergo an examination is grounds for disciplinary action; repeated refusal to undergo a medical examination may result in dismissal.

If an employee was on vacation, recalling him during this period is permissible only with personal consent. In this case, the day of medical examination is added to the rest this or next year.

List of harmful production factors

Order 302n defines what dangerous factors there are that, when exposed to the human body, cause negative consequences. The list in the document details the frequency of examinations, medical specialists, and possible diseases. A general description of factors that can harm human health and require preliminary and periodic examinations is presented in the table.

Depending on the degree of deviation of factors from standards, working conditions according to the degree of harmfulness are divided into:

• optimal(1st class) - the employee’s health and ability to work are fully preserved;
• acceptable(2nd class) - working conditions do not exceed standards, functional changes in the body are restored during the rest period;
• harmful(grade 3) - exceed standards and negatively affect the human body;
• dangerous(4th grade) - extreme working conditions create a threat to life, a high risk of professional injuries.

List of professions subject to professional examination

The all-Russian mandatory list of workers subject to periodic medical examinations has not been approved.

The contingent of professions undergoing the survey includes:

• vehicle drivers;
• dangerous professions (work at heights, underground, security guards, and so on);
• working in healthcare, education (school, kindergarten), trade, food industry;
• service professions (hairdressers, cosmetologists);
• water works employees;
• employees of medical and preventive, educational cultural institutions (circles, sections, clubs);
• catering staff.

Whether accountants, managers and other office workers should undergo periodic medical examinations depends on the working conditions. The examination is advisable when working at a computer more than 50% of the time. This condition also applies to part-time workers and part-time workers.

Frequency of training by profession

How long the results of a medical examination are valid and its frequency is determined by Order 302n, depending on the type of work.

A preliminary examination is carried out once upon entry to work.

Periodic examination schedule for various professions:

• crane operator, elevator operator - once every 2 years;
• work with electrical installations, felling, transportation, forest protection, on machines with open moving elements, under water, using gas masks and other filtering agents, on land transport - 1 time every 2 years;
• activities in the oil and gas industry, at hydrometeorological stations, water supply facilities, in the Far North - an annual inspection is indicated;
• geological exploration, emergency rescue, underground work, professions that involve contact with flammable and explosive substances, security - every year;
• activities in catering establishments, consumer services, swimming pools, hydropathic centers, trade, food industry, hotels, pharmacies, educational and medical institutions, children's organizations - once a year.

Representatives of some professions are examined before each shift.

This includes drivers, pilots and other professions that require increased attention. If an employee feels unwell or is under the influence of alcohol or drugs, they will be removed from work.

Pre-station inspection is also mandatory.

List of doctors and what is included in the examination

The list of medical specialists and diagnostic measures depends on the type of work of the employee and his occupational hazard.

A general list of which doctors are included by the medical board:

• therapist;
• neurologist;
• ophthalmologist;
• surgeon;
• gynecologist for women;
• otolaryngologist;
• dentist;
• dermatologist;
• venereologist;
• infectious disease specialist;
• endocrinologist

An examination by a psychiatrist and a narcologist is also carried out.

The employee will be examined by each doctor. The surgeon checks for hernias, the neurologist examines the vestibular apparatus, the state of the peripheral nervous system, the ENT examines hearing, the ophthalmologist examines vision, and so on. The therapist assesses your general health.

Fluorography of the chest is also performed.

If a pregnant woman undergoes a medical examination, health workers are informed about this. This is due to some limitations. For example, fluorography should not be done during this period.

Instrumental studies are also carried out: electrocardiogram, ultrasound, and so on.

The physical examination must include laboratory tests.

The list of tests taken during the examination includes:

• general blood and urine analysis;
• blood chemistry;
• tests for intestinal infections, typhoid fever, helminthiasis, staphylococcus;
• blood test for syphilis;
• smears for flora, gonorrhea, cytological.

Pre-trip inspection and before shift takes 15 minutes and is part of the working day. It includes measurement of blood pressure, pulse, general assessment of health and clarity of consciousness. If suspected, tests for alcohol or drug intoxication may be performed.

Organization of the event

There is no document explaining who is obliged and should organize a medical examination at the enterprise. It is advisable for the personnel officer and occupational safety engineer to work in tandem. In this case, the first is responsible for who is being examined (compiles lists), organizes employees, the second determines the harmful factor in production activities, sends a list of employees to Rospotrebnadzor, and enters into an agreement with a medical institution.

The employer establishes guidelines for when to undergo a medical examination and controls its regularity. The survey is an event associated with the preparation of documents, which are regulated by current legislation.

Formation of a list of contingents (by name)

The list is a local regulatory act containing data about employees and their professions.

Information on the list of persons by name includes:

• position - according to the staffing table (electric and gas welder, installer, manager, etc.);
• data on harmful production factors, types of work - based on the results of certification of workplaces for working conditions.

In addition to the mandatory information, additional information is written, such as the name of the department (section, workshop at the plant, etc.), number of employees, and so on).

Part-time workers and young people under 21 years of age are also included in the list and take part in the medical examination.

The prepared list is sent to the territorial department of Rospotrebnadzor within 10 days.

Documents on medical examinations are stored in the organization as long as they are valid, that is, 3 years.

A sample form showing how the list of contingents is drawn up is shown in the photo.

Agreement with a medical institution

The next step when organizing an examination of working personnel is the conclusion of a contractual relationship with a medical clinic.

In this case, it is advisable to pay attention to the presence of:

• licenses;
• permission to conduct a medical examination for professional suitability;
• occupational pathologist on staff and personnel certified in occupational pathology;
• own laboratory, fluorography room, and so on.

Indicators of the cost of services, the speed of test readiness and processing of survey results are also assessed. An on-site examination is possible, but in this case it is necessary to organize places for receiving doctors and placing a fluorograph.

When concluding a contract, the timing of the medical examination is agreed upon and a calendar plan is drawn up.

It is required to familiarize employees with it, each of whom confirms the information with a signature.

Registration of orders and directions

The issuance of an order to undergo routine medical examinations is carried out in any form.

Possible design options are shown in the photo.

Option 1

Option 2

It is important to familiarize employees with the order at least 10 days before the examination.

A referral for pre-employment or periodic examination is drawn up in any form.

Design samples are shown in the photo.

Option 1

Option 2

Passage order

The rules, how and where to undergo a medical examination, prepare, the date, a complete list of doctors and tests for men and women, are explained to the employee in advance.

The employee visits the medical center within the prescribed period and undergoes a commission composed of medical workers of different specialties.

The initial examination and after the examination is carried out by a therapist. The employee takes tests and visits the fluorography room.

Doctors with a narrow specialty give an opinion on their profile. The overall result is determined by the therapist.

Prof. The day is considered a working day and is paid at the usual rate.

Employee survey results

When the employee is examined and the examination is completed, a conclusion is drawn up. It is signed by the chairman of the medical commission and certified by the seal of the organization that conducted the medical examination.

The document is signed in 2 copies - one is received by the employee, the other remains in the medical institution.

An example of a conclusion is shown in the photograph.

Final Act

After completion of the examination, the medical institution summarizes the data and draws up a final report no later than 30 calendar days from the end of the examination. It is prepared in 4 copies and sent: to the employer, to the territorial department of Rospotrebnadzor, to the local occupational pathology center. The rest is kept in the medical center for 50 years.

The conclusion records workers who did not pass the examination due to their own fault, as well as their non-compliance with the standards for certain categories of professions.

A sample of the final act is shown in the picture.

Who should pay

At whose expense the medical examination is carried out is determined by law. All expenses are borne by the enterprise, and it independently selects the medical institution that provides these services.

The price is set depending on the number of consultations with doctors and the volume of research. On average, it ranges from 1,500 to 5,000 rubles per employee. The state partially compensates the enterprise’s costs for medical examinations through the Social Insurance Fund.

Deductions of cost from an employee’s salary or payment for a preliminary inspection are unlawful.

The average daily earnings are retained by the employee during the period of undergoing a medical examination.

The current Russian legislation defines a list of professions that are subject to periodic medical examinations. According to the provisions of Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the organization and financing of such events is the direct responsibility of the employer. Visiting doctors allows you to check the employee’s health status, identify the first signs of occupational or general ailments at an early stage, determine effective rehabilitation and prevention measures, and eliminate the likelihood of the spread of infections, which is especially important for areas where representatives are in constant contact with people.

The law does not prohibit hiring companies from arranging periodic inspections for any categories of employees at their own expense. This is a manifestation of the employer’s social responsibility and concern for staff. However, there is a list of professions for which regular attendance at medical commissions is mandatory:

• persons working in industries with harmful and hazardous factors to health;
• persons involved in high-rise or underground work;
• citizens whose activities are related to the movement of vehicles (for example, drivers);
• security guards, collectors;
• representatives of the catering sector, food industry, food trade;
• water supply workers;
• personnel of educational institutions, kindergartens and sanatoriums;
• medical workers;
• athletes;
• employees of fire inspections, emergency rescue services;
• cleaners;
• hotel industry workers;
• employees of livestock enterprises, etc.

A complete list of professions required to undergo regular medical commissions is given in Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development 302n (Appendix No. 2). The document states that, regardless of the function performed, persons under the age of eighteen must visit doctors annually and undergo tests.

Types of medical examinations

According to the provisions of Order 302n, there are three main types of medical examinations:

1. Preliminary

This is a medical examination of an applicant for a vacant position open in an organization. During the medical examination, it is determined whether the person has any health restrictions that make it impossible to perform normal functions within the chosen specialty.

Examinations are carried out at the expense of the employer and are carried out in a health care institution of his choice. If the conclusion shows a health discrepancy, the applicant will be denied employment.

2. Periodic

Occur throughout the work of specialists in certain industries with the frequency established by law: once a year or every two years. Their implementation makes it possible to constantly monitor the health of personnel, monitor dynamics, promptly identify occupational and general diseases, and factors that impede the continuation of the work activity of a particular employee.

3. Unscheduled

This is a type of medical examination carried out in emergency cases at the initiative of personnel or a medical organization. They are necessary if, during a previous inspection, an increase in morbidity was detected, if the hazards at the enterprise have increased, if symptoms of a dangerous illness were detected in one of the employees, etc.

Frequency of medical examination by profession

The frequency of mandatory medical examinations depends on the field of activity. Legislative requirements for various professions are prescribed in Order 302n. Here are examples of the required frequency:

• athletes - annually;
• crane operators, elevator operators - once every two years;
• persons whose activities are related to food products - annually;
• employees of hairdressing salons and beauty salons – annually;
• educators and teachers - annually.

A complete list of frequency requirements is given in the text of Order 302n.

Important! Regardless of profession, persons under 21 years of age should visit a doctor at least once every 12 months. For women over 40 years of age, a mandatory annual appointment with a mammologist is provided.

Frequency of medical examination for drivers

Vehicles are recognized as objects of increased danger, therefore both novice and professional drivers are required to attend medical commissions. A medical examination allows you to see the factors that prevent a person from driving, or to exclude their presence.

Periodic examinations of drivers are regulated by the provisions of the Ministry of Health Order 344n. The document states that you need to visit a medical examination in the following cases:

• upon receipt of rights;
• when replacing licenses with new ones due to expiration;
• when applying for a driver position in an organization;
• upon receiving additional categories.

The legislation imposes additional requirements on professional drivers. They are required to undergo regular medical examinations, regardless of length of service, type of vehicle and distances traveled on duty. The rule applies not only to large organizations, but also to individual entrepreneurs. The costs associated with the medical examination are borne by employers.

The frequency of medical examination of drivers established by law is once every two years. To obtain a medical opinion, employees must go to a hospital or clinic chosen by the employer and carrying out an examination on the basis of a license from Rospotrebnadzor.

Pre-trip and post-trip inspections are provided for certain categories of drivers. For example, the second pass is for persons engaged in the transportation of passengers and dangerous goods. Such examinations are carried out on the territory of the organization by involved medical workers.

Important! Periodic medical examinations of drivers include visits to a narcologist and a psychiatrist. These specialists must be trained in public and not private hospitals.

What are the consequences for a company if it does not conduct regular medical examinations?

Organizing regular medical commissions for employees of certain specialties is not a right, but a legal obligation of the employing company. Failure to comply with this requirement will result in penalties:

• up to 25,000 rub. – for the management of a company or private entrepreneur;
• up to 130,000 rub. – for a legal entity.

When determining the penalty for a violation, the labor inspector has the right to count the number of company specialists required to undergo examination and multiply by the maximum amount of the fine. The final size of the monetary sanction will be significant even for a large company.

Despite the direct indication in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation that medical examinations are paid for by the employing company, some tight-fisted managers are trying to force employees to undergo medical examinations at their own expense. This is illegal, and the specialist who paid for the doctors’ services and tests can recover money from the employer in court. If the latter is found guilty, he will be required to pay an administrative fine for the violation in the amount of up to 80,000 rubles.

If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.

The employer is obliged to conduct periodic medical examinations (paragraph 12, part 2, article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Such medical examinations help to dynamically monitor the employee’s health status, identify diseases at an early stage and carry out rehabilitation measures.

This is especially true in industries where employees are in contact with people:

• trade, catering, services, medicine, education.

Who should undergo periodic medical examination?

The following employees must undergo periodic medical examinations:

• Workers exposed to harmful or dangerous production factors, in the presence of which mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations are carried out (hereinafter referred to as the list of factors);
• Employees performing work specified in the list of works, during the performance of which mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers are carried out (hereinafter referred to as the list of works);
• Traffic related.

If these jobs involve persons under 21 years of age, they undergo medical examinations annually(Article 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

• Involved in underground work. Such employees undergo periodic medical examinations annually (clause 12 of Appendix 2 to Order No. 302n).
• Employed in organizations of the food industry, public catering and trade, water supply facilities, medical organizations and child care institutions (Article 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

The frequency of medical examinations for specific professions is given in Appendix No. 2 to Order No. 302n.

• Athletes. They undergo medical examinations annually (Article 348.3 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
• Persons under 18 years of age. They undergo medical examinations annually (Article 266 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

The list of works lists jobs and professions in which workers must undergo mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations, regardless of the established class of working conditions in these workplaces and the presence of harmful and hazardous production factors (see table).

*If the listed jobs involve persons under 21 years of age, they undergo medical examinations annually (Article 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Attention: Medical examinations should be carried out even if there are harmful or dangerous production factors at the employee’s workplace, specified in the list of facts, and their level does not matter.

The following factors are exceptions:

• 3.5. – production noise;
• 3.8. , 3.9. - air temperature;
• 3.12. – light environment;
• 4.1. – physical overload;
• 4.4.1. , 4.4.2 ., 4.4.3. – sensory loads.

For these factors, medical examinations are carried out when the working conditions created by them are classified, based on the results of a special assessment of working conditions, as harmful or dangerous working conditions.

Situation: should employees of an organization working on a PC undergo mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations?

Yes, they should, if they are engaged in processing information using personal electronic computers for a total of at least 50% of their working time, regardless of the results of a special assessment of working conditions.

When hiring, for example, accountants, programmers, management personnel and other office employees who work at a computer more than 50 percent of the time, the employer is obliged to send them for a medical examination (clause 3.2.2.4 of the list of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, in the presence of which mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out, approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated April 12, 2011 No. 302n). The frequency of medical examination is once every two years.

Only in relation to a number of factors specified in the list of factors, such as production noise, low air temperature, light environment, medical examinations are carried out only if the working conditions for the corresponding factor are classified as harmful working conditions, as indicated in the column “Name of harmful and (or ) hazardous production factors”, a corresponding note is made in parentheses.

For the remaining factors specified in the list, preliminary and periodic medical examinations are carried out upon their availability at the workplace, regardless of the results of the assessment of working conditions. Such clarifications are contained in letters of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated July 16, 2015 No. 15-1 / OOG-3786, dated March 21, 2014 No. 15-2 / OOG-242.

Where to carry out periodic medical examination?

The employer must enter into an agreement with a medical organization licensed to conduct preliminary medical examinations. A permanent medical commission is formed in a medical organization. It is headed by an occupational pathologist.

The medical organization is responsible for the quality of medical examinations.

Who pays for periodic medical examinations?

The employer is obliged to conduct periodic medical examinations at his own expense (paragraph 12, part 2, article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). During the inspection, the employee retains his average salary and place of work (Article 185 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

If an employee has not passed the examination due to the fault of the organization, then the time he is suspended from work is paid as idle time (Article 76 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). The amount of payments is not less than 2/3 of the average salary of an employee (Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

What is the procedure for conducting periodic medical examinations?

The procedure for conducting periodic medical examinations is regulated by the Order.

The algorithm is as follows:

1. The employer compiles a list of employees subject to periodic medical examinations in accordance with the Order. The list of contingents indicates: the name of the profession (position) of the employee according to the staffing table; name of the harmful production factor.

Situation: is it necessary to take into account vacancies when compiling the contingent of workers who are subject to preliminary and periodic medical examinations? Yes, it is necessary. When compiling the contingent of workers subject to preliminary and periodic medical examinations, vacancies are taken into account. Periodic examinations are carried out on the basis of lists of names developed on the basis of contingents of workers subject to periodic and (or) preliminary examinations (clause 19 of the Procedure for conducting mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) of workers engaged in heavy work and work with hazardous and ( or) hazardous working conditions, approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated April 12, 2011 No. 302n).

The following employees are subject to inclusion in the contingent and name lists:

• exposed to harmful production factors specified in the list of factors;
• performing work specified in the list of works.

The list of employees subject to preliminary and periodic medical examinations indicates:

• name of the employee’s profession (position) according to the staffing table;
• name of the harmful production factor according to the list of factors and (or) work provided for in the list of works.

Situation: is it necessary to coordinate the list of workers sent for medical examination with Rospotrebnadzor?

No, it’s not necessary, the list of contingents is sent to Rospotrebnadzor by notification procedure.

The list of contingents, developed and approved by the employer, is sent within 10 days to the territorial body of Rospotrebnadzor at the actual location of the employer (clause 21 of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated April 12, 2011 No. 302n).

The employer sends the list of the contingent and the name list of persons subject to preliminary and periodic medical examinations to the appropriate medical organization without the consent of Rospotrebnadzor.

2. Based on the approved list of the contingent, lists of employees are compiled by name, indicating harmful and dangerous production factors, as well as the type of work. The list of employees subject to preliminary and periodic medical examinations includes:

• last name, first name, patronymic, profession (position) of the employee subject to periodic medical examination;
• name of the harmful production factor or type of work;
• name of the employer's structural unit (if any).

The approved lists are sent to a medical organization that will conduct a medical examination. This must be done no later than two months before the start date of the examination agreed with the medical institution. The medical organization, within 10 days from the receipt of the name list, draws up a calendar plan for conducting periodic medical examinations.

3. The employer familiarizes employees with the calendar plan for conducting medical examinations. This must be done no later than ten days before the start of the periodic inspection.

4. The employer provides employees with directions for a medical examination. They indicate:

• employer's name;
• form of ownership and type of economic activity of the employer according to OKVED;
• name of the medical organization, actual address of its location and OGRN code;
• type of medical examination – preliminary;
• last name, first name, patronymic, date of birth of the person applying for work;
• the name of the structural unit of the employer (if any) in which the person applying for work will be employed;
• name of position (profession) or type of work;
• harmful or dangerous production factors.

The referral is signed by an authorized representative of the employer, indicating his position, surname and initials. The employer issues all directions against signature and keeps records of them.

5. On the day of the medical examination, the employee submits the following documents to the medical organization: referral; passport or other standard document proving his identity; employee health passport (if available); decision of the medical commission that conducted a mandatory psychiatric examination (in cases provided for by Russian legislation).

6. The periodic examination is considered completed when: the applicant has been examined by all medical specialists; All laboratory and functional studies were performed.

7. After passing the medical examination, the medical organization issues a conclusion. It states:

• date of issue of the conclusion;
• last name, first name, patronymic, date of birth, gender of the person applying for work;
• employer's name;
• name of the employer's structural unit (if any), position (profession) or type of work;
• name of harmful production factors and types of work;
• the result of the medical examination (medical contraindications were identified or not identified).

The conclusion is signed by the chairman of the medical commission indicating his surname and initials. The document is certified by the seal of a medical organization. The medical institution prepares a conclusion in two copies.

The first is attached to the outpatient card, the second is given to a person who has undergone a medical examination. 8. Data on medical examinations are entered into personal medical records.

9. The medical organization, within 30 days after the completion of periodic medical examinations, summarizes their results. Then, together with the territorial bodies of Rospotrebnadzor and representatives of the employer, a final act is drawn up. The final act is drawn up in four copies, which within five working days from the date of approval are sent to:

• to the employer;
• to the center of occupational pathology of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation;
• to the territorial body of Rospotrebnadzor.

One copy of the final act is stored in the medical organization that conducted periodic examinations for 50 years (clause 45 of the Order).

Also read with this:

The following employees must undergo a preliminary medical examination: those employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous conditions...

Let's talk about health: we find out who needs a medical examination report to be allowed to work, and what is the frequency of medical examinations by profession in 2018.

From the article you will learn:

Download documents on the topic:

Representatives of a wide variety of professions undergo regular medical examinations - from turners and crane operators to school teachers and flight attendants. The law obliges to carefully check the health status of employees holding positions from a special list (see Appendix No. 2 to the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 302n dated April 12, 2011).

This requirement is dictated by compelling reasons, such as the risk of spreading infectious diseases or unsafe working conditions. Therefore, it cannot be ignored. Moreover, an employer who does not comply with the frequency of medical examinations or allows personnel whose professional suitability is not confirmed by a medical report to work faces serious fines.

Purposes, types and frequency of medical examinations

The general procedure and frequency of medical examinations in 2018 are regulated by labor legislation and regulations of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia. At the regional and local level, the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision centers have the right to make adjustments to the standard procedure (for example, if the sanitary and hygienic situation in a particular area or at a particular enterprise is cause for concern). It is customary to distinguish several types of medical examinations:

preliminary (when recruiting personnel for certain positions or employing a minor worker);

periodic, allowing you to regularly assess the employee’s health status;

pre-shift (pre-trip) and post-shift (post-trip) - mandatory for transport workers before going on a shift or going on a trip, as well as at the end of a shift (trip);

extraordinary, carried out at the initiative of the employee or employer, or for objective medical reasons.

The frequency of medical examinations of workers in 2018 depends on the requirements for representatives of a particular profession and varies from one to four times a year. The degree of exposure and the cumulative influence of all harmful production factors affecting the employee are also taken into account. Currently, the main criterion for establishing the presence and significance of harmful production factors is considered to be SOUT - a special assessment of working conditions. All workplaces in the enterprise are subject to special assessment.

Most often, pre-trip and post-trip inspections are carried out, which may well be daily. The need for such frequent examination is due to the high level of responsibility of the driver or driver for the lives of passengers. You need to make sure that the employee is healthy, feels well and is not under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

Don't miss the main personnel news!

• 
  Inspectors will have new ways of deciding who to punish for violations in your HR department. Experts from the magazine “Personnel Business” give recommendations on how to avoid a fine if you are a personnel officer.
• 
  Find out in what cases you will need a duplicate of your personal card and when it is enough to add an addition to it. Is there a difference in how to correct and change the information on the card.
• 
  Due to changes in the law, the provisions of the PVTR may violate the law. If the State Tax Inspectorate finds outdated formulations, it will fine you. We'll tell you which rules to remove from the document and what to add.

And if the results of a drug test confirm that you showed up at work while intoxicated, you shouldn’t let things slide. In the article " "The author breaks down the complex disciplinary procedure and tells how to collect evidence for the court.

What is included in the medical examination program

The nature of the activities carried out as part of any medical examination is determined by the specifics of the job functions performed by the employee. For example, personnel engaged in jobs that are harmful or hazardous to health undergo in-depth medical examinations using instrumental diagnostic methods. And an employee whose position is associated with sources of increased danger must regularly undergo mandatory psychiatric examination.

Important: the time spent by an employee visiting a clinic or hospital as part of a mandatory medical examination is paid according to average earnings (Article 185 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). Except for cases when the medical examination occurs on weekends: in such circumstances, payment, in accordance with the labor legislation of the Russian Federation, must be at least double.

The preliminary medical examination procedure usually includes a standard set of clinical tests, electrocardiography, digital fluorography of the chest organs and a visit to several specialized doctors (neurologist, therapist, ophthalmologist, otorhinolaryngologist, gynecologist, etc.). Both the preliminary examination and subsequent mandatory examinations are fully paid for by the employer.

Medical examination as a condition of permission to work

Today, many employers are commendably conscientious and offer voluntary health checks to employees at their own expense. The latter have the right to take advantage of the offer or refuse, and pressure from the employer in this case is unacceptable.

But in some cases, an employee cannot be allowed to perform work without a medical examination.

• minors (Articles 69 and 266 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
• those employed in heavy, harmful and dangerous (including underground) work (Article 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
• departmental security officers (Article 6 of Federal Law No. 77-FZ of April 14, 1999);
• shift workers (Article 298 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
• employees of food industry organizations, public catering and trade, children's and medical institutions, water supply facilities (Article 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
• professional athletes (Article 348.3 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
• persons sent to work in the Far North and equivalent areas from another area (Article 324 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
• drivers and other personnel associated with traffic (in accordance with medical recommendations and Articles 213, 328 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Sometimes one medical examination is enough to allow an employee to return to work and not return to this issue. Based on the results of the preliminary examination, it becomes clear whether the applicant can apply for a particular vacancy. For example, a minor worker, in the absence of medical contraindications and restrictions, can continue to work calmly as usual.

If among your applicants there are employees who are under 18 years of age, we recommend that you read the article “ ": an expert in the field of labor law explains why you need to find out the exact age of a potential employee, what types of work are contraindicated for teenagers and what benefits they are entitled to.

But for a number of positions and professions, the legislation also provides for periodic medical examination of workers.

The following are required to undergo regular repeated medical examinations:

1. Drivers of vehicles (Part 1, Article 23 of Federal Law No. 196-FZ of December 10, 1995) and other workers associated with the movement of transport, including railways (Article 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
2. Teachers (Part 3 of Article 51 of the Law of the Russian Federation No. 3266-1 of July 10, 1992);
3. Professional athletes (Articles 348.3 and 348.8 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
4. Employees of kindergartens, sanatoriums and a number of other institutions (Article 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
5. Workers engaged in heavy, harmful and dangerous work (Articles 330.3 and 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Periodic medical examinations of workers in 2018 are designed to detect occupational diseases at the earliest stages. The importance of timely diagnosis cannot be underestimated: by catching the disease in time, you can prevent its development and transition to a chronic form, achieving stable remission. An expert will tell you what to do if an enterprise’s employees have already been diagnosed with an occupational disease (see “ »

Question from practice

When is it necessary to conduct a mandatory medical examination of an employee?

The answer was prepared jointly with the editors

Nina Kovyazina answers
Deputy Director of the Department of Medical Education and Personnel Policy in Healthcare of the Russian Ministry of Health

Carry out medical examinations of employees if their work involves harmful or dangerous working conditions, traffic, the food industry, catering, as well as a number of other areas of activity. Also conduct medical examinations for employees under 18 years of age. For more information about who should undergo medical examinations and when, read our recommendations.

Employees performing certain types of work undergo mandatory medical examinations at the expense of the organization. This category of personnel includes, in particular:

• employees engaged in work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, including underground work (Art. , Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
• employees engaged in work related to traffic, (Art. and Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Law of December 10, 1995 No. 196-FZ)…

Ask your question to the experts

If we are talking about specialties related to serving the population in catering establishments, kindergartens or hospitals, the examination allows us to make sure that the employee is not a carrier of infectious diseases that are dangerous to others.

Important: By refusing a mandatory medical examination, an employee commits a disciplinary offense. Therefore, the employer has every right to take disciplinary action.

There is a general rule: the more dangerous the working conditions in the workplace, the higher the level of exposure to harmful production factors, the more often the employee should be examined. In other words, in 2018, the frequency of medical examinations by profession largely depends on the class of working conditions, but not only.

The legally established periods for periodic examinations for employees are:

• gas rescue and mine rescue services - 1 year;
• paramilitary security, collection services, special communications and other structures where the carrying and use of weapons is permitted - 1 year;
• medical institutions (medical staff), schools, children's clubs and sports sections, seasonal health organizations, kindergartens and children's leisure centers - 1 year;
• swimming pools and spas - 6 months;
• catering organizations - 1 year;
• those involved in felling, primary processing, protection and restoration, as well as transportation of timber - 2 years;
• servicing pressure vessels, high voltage electrical installations, elevators and cranes - 2 years;
• working in remote areas where there are no specialized medical facilities - 1 year;
• servicing explosive and flammable materials and substances, working in fire hazardous conditions - 1 year;
• those employed in underground work - 1 year;
• performing underwater work - 2 years;
• those using machines, presses and other types of mechanical equipment with open moving or rotating elements - 2 years;
• in contact with dairy and food products during their production, storage, transportation and sale - 1 year;
• caring for the elderly and preschool children - 3 months;
• engaged in consumer services for the population in hairdressing salons, beauty salons, massage and spa salons, saunas - 6 months;
• shops and other non-food trade organizations, hotels and hostels, hostels (this also includes stewards and conductors) - 1 year;
• enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry and pharmacies (subject to contact with drugs) - 1 year;
• managers of land vehicles - 1 year.

The specified frequency of medical examinations by profession gives an idea of ​​the period after which the employee must undergo a re-examination. The countdown starts from the moment of the previous inspection. So, if a passenger train conductor successfully passed a preliminary examination when applying for a job, after a year he will have to go through it again: visit doctors, take the necessary tests, etc.

Otherwise, the employer has no right to allow him to work. Refusal of the procedure is fraught with downtime due to the fault of the employee (read more about this unpleasant situation in the articles “ How to suspend an employee from work" And " "). Experts will share knowledge and practical examples from HR practices related to the removal of personnel from work due to refusal of a medical examination or vaccination.

Important: the employee is not to blame for downtime (and can easily prove this in court) if the employer does not pay or organize a medical examination in a timely manner.

Conducting medical examinations at the enterprise

According to current laws, conducting medical examinations at an enterprise is the responsibility of the employer. It is on his shoulders that all the troubles and expenses associated with the medical examination of personnel fall. When developing a local procedure for organizing medical examinations, one should be guided by the general regulations approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia No. 302n dated April 12, 2011.

The work is being carried out in stages. First you need to find out who must undergo medical examinations (regular and preliminary). The staffing table is analyzed and lists of employees are compiled for positions requiring medical examination.

Practical situation

How to refer an employee for a medical examination

The answer was prepared jointly with the editors of the magazine "

Ekaterina SHESTAKOVA answers,
General Director of Actual Management LLC (Moscow)

It is the employer’s responsibility to organize medical examinations. The employee does not need to look for a clinic where he can undergo it and look for money for it. The HR officer must complete the documents correctly and on time so that employees and applicants visit doctors in a timely manner. If an employee does not pass the mandatory inspection, he is suspended from work, and a newcomer is not allowed in at all (Article 76 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). To protect themselves, many personnel officers conduct medical examinations for all employees. This is unnecessary: ​​not all employees must undergo examinations...

The full answer is available after free

One copy of the consolidated list for the enterprise is sent to the territorial department of Rospotrebnadzor at the location of the employer. The list is compiled in free form. It not only indicates the names of positions that require a medical examination of personnel, but also specifies the harmful production factors recorded in the workplace (separately for each position). A standard example of a properly formatted list looks like this:

Then you can move on to searching for a performer - a specialized medical institution that has a valid license to provide services of this kind. It’s good if there are several such institutions in a locality, because in this case the employer has a choice. A contract for the provision of services is concluded with the contractor.

A separate order is issued on the frequency of medical examinations (usually for a year, but you can choose another period), with which all employees subject to a medical examination must be familiarized with signature at least 2 weeks before the scheduled date of the procedure. Details are in the article “

Each employee who has undergone a medical examination receives a certificate of health and suitability for certain types of work. The document is sent to the HR department. Based on the general results of the personnel medical examination, a final report is drawn up. The medical institution passes it directly to the employer, who must send the document for approval to Rospotrebnadzor.