All nuclear power plants in Russia as a list. Balakovo NPP Russian nuclear power industry: types of reactors
civil defense
Yesterday, residents of Saratov, Samara and a number of other regions were seized with panic, which arose because of rumors about a major accident at the Balakovo nuclear power plant (Saratov region). In fact, on the night of November 4, an emergency situation arose at the nuclear power plant from the category of often occurring: emergency protection worked at the power unit due to a rupture of a water pipe. But the management of the station and the regional Ministry of Emergency Situations did not promptly explain to the population what had happened. As a result, iodine disappeared from pharmacies, dozens of enterprises stopped, hundreds of people moved away from nuclear power plants, fearing radiation.
The first reports of an emergency situation at the Balakovo NPP (BalNPP) appeared on the morning of November 4th. The Public Information Center of BalNPP reported that power unit #2 is undergoing current repairs of the feed pipe pipeline of the fourth steam generator. According to the report, the power unit was shut down on November 4 at 1.24 a.m., its launch is planned to be carried out at 10 p.m. on November 5. But the residents of Balakovo did not believe in the current repairs, which should be started at two o'clock in the morning. By mid-afternoon, most of the nearly 200,000-strong city was convinced that there had been an accident with a release of radiation at the station.
“It was horror and the end of the world,” Anna Vinogradova, head of the Balakovo Society for Nature Conservation, shared her impressions with a Kommersant correspondent. “The whole city went crazy. The bosses spoke about the accident to their subordinates, who called their relatives. All phones were busy. People advised each other to drink vodka, iodine and never use tap water.
When the site http://aesbalakovo.narod.ru, promptly created by some independent journalists, appeared on the Internet, Balakovo was completely taken over by panic.
The site, in particular, stated: "There was an accident at the BalNPP. As a result of the incident, 4 workers died, another 18 received burns of varying severity. The situation is critical."
In several kindergartens, on the orders of the directors, teachers gave the children potassium iodide tablets. Stocks of iodine, iodomarin and other iodine-containing preparations disappeared from local pharmacies by the evening. In at least ten villages in the Balakovo district, the peasants refused to turn their cattle out to pasture. A similar situation has developed in the Saratov, Samara, Penza regions, in part of the Nizhny Novgorod region and Mordovia. Everywhere people were stocking up on iodine and alcohol, trying to get out of what they thought might be already contaminated areas, and factories were shutting down because their directors couldn't keep the workers rushing to save their families.
The editorial offices of regional newspapers in Saratov on November 4 and 5 withstood a real flurry of calls from the population. A Kommersant correspondent managed to talk to several callers.
“I went to the market in the morning, they said that a reactor had exploded at a nuclear plant,” Anna Samokhina, a resident of the city of Petrovsk, shouted into the phone.
Several circumstances worked simultaneously to incite panic. On November 3, planned exercises of the Ministry of Emergency Situations took place in the area of the nuclear power plant. The city was informed about them, but no one spoke about the nature of the exercises. On the afternoon of November 4, the generals who arrived for the exercises attended a concert of a patriotic song, which took place in the house of culture in the city center. The sight of a dozen black "Volgas" with military numbers did not add optimism to anyone in Balakovo. And most importantly, none of the officials considered it necessary to speak to the population and tell what happened on the night of November 3-4 at the nuclear power plant. Only in the evening of November 4, Lieutenant Colonel Romanenko, head of the Balakovo Ministry of Emergency Situations, appeared on the air of the local television company Free Television. He demanded that the residents stop panicking, but he did not say a word about the incident at the BalNPP. This only made things worse.
- The city has long been warmed up by the discussion about the construction of the fifth and sixth power units, which is being conducted by the administration and environmentalists, - says Anna Vinogradova. - All this accumulated negativity should have had a way out. Here it happened. I think that one of the station workers came home, told one neighbor, another. And it began.
From the morning of November 5, people from all over the Volga region tried by phone to find out from specialists in what quantities they should take iodine (see certificate). The first cases of iodine poisoning appeared on the same day.
“We have already documented three cases,” the duty officer of the ambulance station in Balakovo told Kommersant. “Two elderly women and a schoolboy. Their condition is satisfactory, only the temperature is high and they constantly feel sick. Please tell me through the newspaper that iodine and vodka do not interfere. It will be very bad. Since they bought up all the iodine, let them smear the thyroid gland, there is more benefit from this: the prevention of cancerous tumors.
Seven iodine poisonings were recorded yesterday in Samara. One of the victims, a 52-year-old woman, was told by the city's ambulance station: "She bought a topical iodine solution from a pharmacy, dissolved the iodine in water, and drank the liquid, which burned her throat."
And only in the middle of the day on November 5, officials finally explained what happened at the nuclear power plant. The NPP Public Information Center issued a statement saying that a leak was found in the pipeline that supplies water to the steam generators of the second power unit. At 01:24 on November 4, the emergency protection of the power unit was triggered due to this leak, and it was shut down.
“This is a common situation that occurs at any nuclear power plant several times a year,” Nikolai Shingarev, a spokesman for the Federal Atomic Energy Agency, said yesterday. “The automation shut down the power unit due to malfunctions that are not related to the reactor.
As Kommersant was told in the NPP safety supervision department of the Volga department of Rostekhnadzor, the pipe rupture has nothing to do with the reactor core. The incident occurred in the water pipe of the secondary circuit, through which clean water is supplied to the steam generator. The water flowing out of the pipe closed the electrical terminals of the capacity regulators of the main pumps pumping water to the steam generator, and the water level in the steam generator dropped. In this regard, the emergency protection worked - the automation lowered safety rods into the reactor, absorbing the neutron flux, thus stopping the process and shutting down the reactor.
Atomic scientists claim that even an accident as such did not happen - only an emergency situation arose. “The protection automatics worked instantly,” they claim. “The fuel assembly body did not melt, the reactor containment did not collapse, there was no release of radioactive steam from the steam generator, circuit # 1, through which water “contaminated” with uranium circulates, did not depressurize.” Problems, according to them, arose in the so-called civilian part of the nuclear power plant, where there is no radiation at all. The leaked water of the secondary circuit was absolutely clean - cleaner than that supplied to the domestic water supply network, so there is no cause for concern.
BalNPP Chief Engineer Viktor Ignatov confirmed this at an emergency press conference yesterday: “There was no radiation release. planned exercises were held at the station in the field of civil defense and emergency situations with the evacuation of personnel. The coincidence of events gave rise to panic moods."
“I myself am a Chernobyl survivor and would be the first to scream if something happened to you,” said Alexander Rabadanov, Minister for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations of the Saratov Region. and emergency situations, recommended that people put on cotton-gauze bandages and drink iodine. Apparently, there are forces interested in panic moods, perhaps pursuing political goals."
Andrey Zolotkov, head of the representative office of the international environmental organization Bellona in Murmansk, told Kommersant, who identified himself as an expert on nuclear reactors for icebreakers, "theoretically, the danger still remains." "The problem is that even a shutdown reactor continues to operate, as it were, by inertia - the so-called residual heat release occurs. The duration of this process depends on how long and under what load the reactor was operating before the accident: residual heat release can take from several hours to several days "All this time, the fuel assembly housing must be forced to cool. Since the second circuit is not working, water has to be supplied through an emergency system, which communicates directly with the first, contaminated circuit. Accordingly, during the entire time until the reactor cools down, spent radioactive water flows outside For its collection at each nuclear power plant, there are special sealed containers, but their possibilities are not unlimited," says Mr. Zolotkov.
The Kommersant correspondent's simple questions about whether the emergency cooling of Unit 2 has been completed, how much space is left for radioactive water in the tanks, and whether it can be dumped in an emergency (with all the consequences), for some reason unbalance the previously benevolent BalNPP press officer. "There is no danger, and that's all we would like to tell the media," he shouted, not wanting to even introduce himself. "Technical questions are not relevant to your work, and we will only answer them upon written request."
Last night, Balakovo ecologists and the official website of the BalNPP simultaneously gave the same indicators of the level of radiation in the atmosphere. In Balakovo it fluctuates between 8 and 13 microroentgens per hour. In Saratov, according to the specialists of the Radon enterprise engaged in the disposal of radioactive substances, it is 11 microroentgens per hour. Exceeding the norm starts from 20 microroentgen per hour.
Nevertheless, Sergei Kiriyenko, presidential envoy to the Volga Federal District, arrived in the Saratov Region yesterday. He explained that the decision to travel was made due to the fact that, despite the statement of the competent authorities about the complete safety of Balakovo's facilities, panic continues among the inhabitants of the region. "The plenipotentiary went to the region to personally prove that nothing terrible had happened here," Kiriyenko's plenipotentiary's office noted.
ANDREY B-KOZENKO, Saratov; SERGEI GUBANOV, Balakovo; SERGEY Y-MASHKIN
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The fuel and energy complex produces almost a third (27% in 1996) of the region's gross output. In the Volga region, about 100 billion kWh of electricity is generated annually - approximately 10% of its total Russian production. In terms of the volume of electricity produced, the region is second only to the Central, Ural, East Siberian and West Siberian regions. The area is surplus in electricity generation.
The electric power industry of the Volga region is represented by three types of stations: hydroelectric, thermal and nuclear. On its territory there are powerful hydroelectric power plants of the Volga-Kama cascade: Volgogradskaya (2530 thousand kW) and Nizhnekamskaya (1080 thousand kW).
HPPs of the Volga-Kama cascade play an important role in covering peak loads in the energy system of the European part of the country. Electricity is transmitted via power transmission line-500 of alternating current Togliatti - Moscow and Volgograd - Moscow. Communications with the Urals are stable, carried out through the power line-220. Transmission lines-500 Nizhnekamsk HPP - Cheboksary - Nizhny Novgorod were built. The development of oil refining and the chemistry of organic synthesis in the area required the creation of a powerful heat and power industry. The main fuel for these stations is fuel oil produced in the region, energy coal from Kuzbass and natural gas from the Orenburg field. The largest thermal power plants are Zainskaya KES (2.4 million kW), Nizhnekamskaya, Novokuibyshevskaya, Tolyattinskaya CHPPs (250 thousand kW each) and Balakovskaya CHPP (200 thousand kW).
A qualitatively new stage in the electric power industry of the Volga region began in connection with the construction of the Balakovo NPP (capacity 4 million kW).
The leading oil and gas energy chemical cycle in the industry of the Volga region is the largest in the country in terms of production scale and completion. It includes the entire technological chain of sequential oil and gas processing - from their extraction to the production of various chemical products and products from them. The development of the cycle was facilitated, first of all, by the presence of a powerful raw material base. Petrochemical industries were able to develop rapidly due to the good supply of water, fuel and energy resources. An important role was also played by the position of the region in the center of the European part of the country, in close proximity to the main consumers of products, as well as good transport accessibility.
The main oil fields of the Volga region are located in the Republic of Tatarstan, Samara, Volgograd and Saratov regions. The fields clean oil from water, salts, prepare it for further processing, there are installations for complex oil treatment, with the help of which, using a wide fraction of oil stabilization, hydrocarbon raw materials are extracted. Associated petroleum gases are also utilized here, from which liquefied gases and natural gasoline are produced at the Minnibaevsky (Tatarstan) and Otradnensky (Samara region) gas and gasoline plants. The content of heavy hydrocarbons in associated petroleum gas reaches 25%. The percentage of its utilization at the factories of the Volga region is the highest in the country (more than 80%). Oil and gas are further processed at refineries, where they are used to produce fuel (gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil), lubricating oils, liquefied gases (propane, butane, isobutane, etc.) - a valuable raw material for chemical industries. The largest oil refineries are located in the Samara region: the Syzran plant (which arose on the basis of the Baku oil refinery evacuated during the war years), the Kuibyshev plant and the Novokuibyshev petrochemical plant, the Volgograd oil refinery - the country's leader in the production of lubricating oils. About 15% of the production of oils in Russia is concentrated here, and the volumes of production of aviation and gear oils account for 20 and 50% of their total Russian production, respectively. Oil refining is in Saratov; a technological plant for oil refining was created at the Nizhnekamsk petrochemical plant. The refineries of the region are characterized by high quality of their products - a large proportion of unleaded gasoline, low sulfur content. At present, not only the Volga region oil is processed in the region, but also oil supplied via the Aktau-Samara, Samotlor-Tyumen-Kurgan-Ufa-Almetyevsk oil pipelines.
Oil production and processing are carried out by several oil companies. Most of the production (66%) is carried out by the oil production association Tatneft JSC with a production volume of 25 million tons.
The main oil refining companies are the largest vertically integrated oil companies in Russia, such as OAO Lukoil and Sidanko.
Hydrocarbon raw materials are used for the production of mineral fertilizers, synthetic ethyl alcohol, synthetic rubber, plastics, etc.
The oil and gas energy chemical cycle of the Volga region is characterized by a high territorial concentration of production. Several large petrochemical hubs have developed in the region. Combinations of petrochemical industries in their most complete form arose within the Samarskaya Luka: in Samara, Novokuibyshevsk, Syzran, Togliatti. Novokuibyshevsk Petrochemical Plant is the largest producer of synthetic alcohol, high and low pressure polyethylene. In Togliatti there are factories for the production of synthetic rubber, mineral fertilizers. In Nizhnekamsk, the world's largest universal complex of petrochemical industries has been created, producing synthetic rubber, styrene, polyethylene; a tire factory was built. The Nizhnekamsk Petrochemical Plant operates the country's most powerful installations for the processing of a wide fraction of hydrocarbons. An organic synthesis plant for the production of high and low pressure polyethylene was built in Kazan. Partially using the petrochemical raw materials of the Volgograd oil refinery, chemical enterprises operate in the cities of Volgograd and Volzhsky. The Volga Chemical Plant produces synthetic rubber, alcohol, artificial fiber; organized the production of tires and rubber products. At the Volgograd Chemical Combine, based on the processing of salt and natural gas, the production of soda, caustic, chlorine, pesticides, acetylene, fertilizers, organochlorine products, PVC and epoxy resins was created. There is a smaller combination of chemical industries in Saratov (synthetic alcohol, artificial fibers), Engels and Balakovo (artificial fibers). The Astrakhan gas complex operates on the basis of the Astrakhan gas condensate field, including gas fields and a gas processing plant. The complex is specialized in the production of technical gas sulfur, motor gasoline, diesel and boiler fuel, propanobutane fraction.
Poldi Pezzoli Museum
The museum houses the collection of Count Gian Giacomo Poldi-Pezzoli, handed over to the city at the end in 1881. Its most significant part is the paintings of the old masters: portraits of Luther and his wife by Lucas Cranach, the famous profile portrait of a Florentine girl with a long neck by an unknown author, c. ..
forest resources
Forests are the national wealth of the people, a source of wood and other types of valuable raw materials, as well as a stabilizing component of the biosphere. They have a very great aesthetic and recreational (restorative) value. The rational use and conservation of forests is currently gaining ...
Water resources
Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, water is widely used in all sectors of the industrial and non-industrial sectors. Pure fresh waters are of the greatest value, the deficit of which in Ukraine is becoming more and more noticeable. The water resources of the republic are surface (rivers, lakes, ...
Nuclear energy is one of the most developing areas of industry, which is dictated by the constant growth in electricity consumption. Many countries have their own sources of energy production with the help of "peaceful atom".
Map of nuclear power plants in Russia (RF)
Russia is included in this number. The history of Russian nuclear power plants begins in the distant 1948, when the inventor of the Soviet atomic bomb I.V. Kurchatov initiated the design of the first nuclear power plant on the territory of the then Soviet Union. Nuclear power plants in Russia originate from the construction of the Obninsk nuclear power plant, which became not only the first in Russia, but the first nuclear power plant in the world.
Russia is a unique country that has the technology of a full cycle of nuclear energy, which means all stages, from ore mining to the final generation of electricity. At the same time, due to its large territories, Russia has a sufficient supply of uranium, both in the form of the earth's interior and in the form of weapons equipment.
Nowadays nuclear power plants in Russia includes 10 operating facilities that provide a capacity of 27 GW (GigaWatt), which is approximately 18% of the country's energy balance. The modern development of technology makes it possible to make nuclear power plants in Russia safe for the environment, despite the fact that the use of nuclear energy is the most dangerous production in terms of industrial safety.
The map of nuclear power plants (NPPs) of Russia includes not only operating plants, but also those under construction, of which there are about 10 pieces. At the same time, those under construction include not only full-fledged nuclear power plants, but also promising developments in the form of a floating nuclear power plant, which is characterized by mobility.
The list of nuclear power plants in Russia is as follows:
The current state of Russia's nuclear power industry allows us to speak of a great potential, which in the foreseeable future can be realized in the creation and design of new types of reactors that make it possible to generate large amounts of energy at lower costs.
In the Volga region electric power industry It is represented by three types of power plants: hydroelectric, thermal and nuclear.
The most powerful HPPs of the Volga cascade are located on the territory of the district: Volzhskaya near the city of Zhigulevsk (capacity 2.3 million kW, average annual electricity generation 11 billion kWh), Saratovskaya near the city of Balakovo (capacity 1.3 million kW, average annual output 5, 4 billion kW/h), Volgograd (capacity 2.53 million kW, average annual output 11.1 billion kW/h), Nizhnekamsk (capacity 1.08 million kW). It is possible to build the Perevolokskaya HPP with a capacity of 2.4 million kW, designed both to cover peak loads and to generate additional electricity.
According to preliminary estimates, the total electricity generation at all HPPs in the Volga region can reach more than 30 billion kWh per year.
Hydroelectric power plants in the Volga region play an important role in covering peak loads in the energy system of the European part of the country.
There are a number of powerful thermal power plants located in the centers of large consumption of heat and electricity (the centers of the petrochemical industry and oil refining) in the region. The share of thermal power plants in the total electricity production is about 3/5. One of the largest is the state district power plant in the Republic of Tatarstan (capacity 2.4 million kW) operating on gas.
Electricity generation in the Volga region will grow due to the commissioning of new capacities at the Nizhnekamsk HPP and the Balakovo NPP. Electricity from the Volga region is transmitted via power lines to the Donbass, to the Urals, from the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station to Cheboksary and Nizhny Novgorod. Electricity is also transmitted from Zainskaya and Botkinskaya GRES.
The development of the chemistry of organic synthesis in the region of oil refining required the creation of a powerful thermal power industry.
Address: 413800 Saratov region, Balakovo-26, Balakovo NPP.
Email: [email protected]
Phone: (845 70) 20091, 23793 Fax: (845 70) 26209
Balakovo nuclear power plant is one of the largest nuclear power plants in Russia. It is located on the left bank of the Saratov reservoir of the Volga River at a distance of 900 km southeast of Moscow. As part of the first stage of the NPP, four unified power units with a total installed electric capacity of 4000 MW are operated. They were built according to the most modern designs - pressurized water reactors of the VVER type, namely, such are installed at the station, that operate reliably all over the world.
The history of the Balakovo NPP goes back to the 1970s, when work began in the Volga region to select a site for the construction of a future powerful nuclear power plant that could cover the shortage of electricity in the region. Start of construction - October 28, 1977.
The launch of the first power unit took place on December 28, 1985; Balakovo NPP is a state-owned enterprise, part of the Rosenergoatom concern of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy, operates reliably and stably, improving all the main indicators every year. The enterprise produces the cheapest electricity among nuclear and thermal power plants of the Russian Federation. In 2000, the nuclear power plant generated more than 27.5 billion kW/h. electricity - the highest figure in the country among energy producers. Ten regions and autonomous republics of Russia are connected with it by power lines. It provides reliable and stable power supply to consumers in the Volga region, the Center, the Urals and Siberia.
Key indicators of NPP operational reliability, defined by national and international standards and regulations, are consistently at a high level. Balakovo NPP is one of the ten cleanest nuclear power plants in the world in terms of radiation. The quality system created at the enterprise in recent years is an effective means of ensuring the required level of safety and reliability of nuclear power plants with high economic performance.
According to the results of 1999 and 2000, the Balakovo NPP was recognized as the "Best Plant in Russia". The station has been awarded such a high rank before.
Among the large enterprises of the Saratov region, the Balakovo nuclear power plant is one of the most environmentally friendly. At the nuclear power plant and in the area of its location, constant monitoring of the impact of the technological process on the environment is carried out. It is carried out by the state supervision bodies and the radiation safety department of the Balakovo NPP. The observation zone covers an area with a radius of 30 km. The data of long-term measurements allow us to conclude that the operation of nuclear power plants does not have a negative impact on the environment. The uncontrolled impact on the environment of harmful substances generated as a result of the production process is excluded by the project and the achieved high level of operation. The radiation situation in the city of Balakovo and in the vicinity of the nuclear power plant is characterized by values from 8 to 15 microroentgen/hour, which corresponds to the level of natural background values typical for the European part of the country, and to the level that it was before the construction of the plant.
The Balakovo NPP attaches particular importance to the human factor as the most important component of safety. The high safety culture of Balakovo nuclear workers has been noted more than once by experts from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Association of NPP Operating Organizations (WANO). In terms of educational level, the plant personnel occupies a leading position among the largest enterprises in the region. Almost 30 percent of the four and a half thousand people employed in the main production have higher, and a quarter - secondary specialized education. Continuous professional development of personnel is one of the main tasks of the plant management, which is closely related to the issues of safety and reliable operation of nuclear power plants.
The enterprise has its own personnel training center (PTC), equipped with the most modern training equipment, including a unique set of simulators. On a full-scale simulator - a complete analogue of a real block control panel of a power reactor (BCR) - emergency situations in the operation of a power unit, equipment failures are simulated and reproduced in conditions as close as possible to real ones. The functional-analytical simulator allows you to visually study the processes occurring inside the reactor. The simulators significantly increased the professional level of the control room staff, their psychological stability and, as a result, significantly reduced the likelihood of errors in the performance of daily work. Regularly according to the schedule, all other categories of station workers undergo retraining at the CTC.
To improve the safety and quality of operation at the Balakovo NPP, international experience is widely used. The plant takes an active part in WANO programs and cooperates with foreign nuclear power plants and companies. For more than 10 years, bilateral partnerships with Biblis NPP (Germany) and Paluel NPP (France) have been successfully and dynamically developing, aimed at solving specific production problems.
The current appearance of Balakovo - a modern and beautiful city - cannot be imagined without residential microdistricts, educational, cultural and sports institutions built under the title of nuclear power plant.
The successful operation of the station allows it to make a great contribution to solving the social problems of the Saratov region and, above all, the Balakovo municipality. In the form of taxes, the city and the region receive considerable funds to replenish their budget. For example, in the first 9 months of 2001, 92 million rubles were transferred to the city budget, and 107 million rubles to the regional budget. During the same time, the Pension Fund received 84 million rubles from the station. Every third ruble in the pensions of Balakovo residents is a ruble received from the nuclear power plant! The enterprise makes contributions to a special off-budget investment fund, the funds of which go to the social development of the 30-kilometer zone around the nuclear power plant. This is tens of millions of rubles annually. With the help of the fund, the following were built: a railway station, which became the decoration of the city; a booster pumping station on the bank of the shipping canal, which radically solved the problem of cold water supply to apartments on the upper floors of houses in new microdistricts; therapeutic building for 240 beds; recruiting station; water stadium and much more.
The station plays a significant role in the cultural and sports life of the city. Sports and recreation center "Sporteks" of the Balakovo nuclear power plant has long been the sports center of Balakovo. Hundreds of adults and young Balakovo residents work in amateur art groups, studios and sports sections of the Dialog leisure center, children's clubs Display and Electronics of the trade union committee of the enterprise.
Creative teams and athletes of the Balakovo NPP more than once adequately represented the city at regional and Russian competitions and competitions. The women's volleyball team of the superleague "Balakovskaya NPP" achieved great success, winning the Russian Cup.
Children's recreation camp "Azure" was repeatedly noted for the good organization of children's recreation by the administrations of the region and the city.
The nuclear power plant takes part in all city events and has long been engaged in charitable activities.
The NPP Public Information Center, located in the 7th microdistrict, is one of the sights of Balakovo - it is visited with interest by delegations and guests coming to the city.
In a word, the nuclear power plant does not stand aside from city life, but actively participates in it. It cannot be otherwise: nuclear scientists are residents of Balakovo and want the city's problems to be successfully solved. So that every year the city becomes better and more beautiful.
The Balakovo nuclear power plant is the energy heart of the Volga region. The entire increase in electricity production in the region last year was due to nuclear power plants. For 9 months of 2001, the station has already produced 19.35 billion kWh of electricity. Balakovo NPP is not only light in houses and working machines at enterprises. Nuclear power plants are one of those large industrial enterprises that form the economic basis of the state. In the form of taxes alone, the station transferred 230 million rubles to the federal budget over the first 9 months of this year. And these are salaries for teachers, doctors, other categories of public sector workers, the solution of other social problems, even where they have not heard of the Balakovo NPP. But it is - a nuclear power plant of the XXI century. And much more can be done to ensure that the beginning of the new millennium is included in the history books as a time of rapid and dynamic growth of the Russian economy.
Materials used: - Kamalutdinov R. Balakovo NPP: yesterday, today, tomorrow // Delovoy Saratov. 2001. No. 10 - Sergeeva M. Balakovo nuclear plant: stability, reliability, high technologies // Business. 1998. No. 7.