All English prepositions and their translation. Prepositions in English. Prepositions To, From: direction and time

Use of prepositions - Use of prepositions in English

The main three categories of prepositions according to lexical meaning (use):
1. Prepositions of time
2. Prepositions of place
3. Prepositions of direction
In its pure form, there are practically no only prepositions of time, place or direction. The lexical meaning of a preposition directly depends on its position in a sentence, so in most cases the same preposition can have two or more lexical meanings.

Table of prepositions in English

Table of lexical meaning (use) of English prepositions

This article will talk about English prepositions and the rules for their use.

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I will tell you about the rules for their use, and also go over other prepositions of the English language.

A preposition is a function word that expresses various relationships between words in a sentence or phrase.

Prepositions in, at, on, to, of.

1. The preposition “in” is in.

We use this word when something is INSIDE something. For example:

I'm in the car.

(I'm in the car)

The gift is in the box.

(Gift in a box)

We are in the train.

(We're on the train)

These thoughts are in my head.

(These thoughts are in my head)

You're in my dreams.

(You're in my dreams)

This key is in my fist.

(This key is in my fist)

The preposition “in” is also used when naming the time of the year: in January (in January), in February (in February), in summer/winter/autumn/spring (summer/winter/autumn/spring), in the evening/morning /midnight (evening, morning, midnight), etc. BUT " At the end of smth"!

I always take my exams at the end of December.

(I always take exams at the end of December)

I’m going to visit London in February.

(I'm going to visit London in February)

It seems not difficult, but sometimes it is really difficult to use this pretext correctly. When I first started learning English, I was always confused about the difference between “at” and “in”. I couldn’t decide how to say correctly “I’m in the school” or “I’m at school.” I'll try to explain the difference.

2. The preposition “at” - on, in.

We use "at" when:

- we are in some place (most often public) and are engaged in some activity there. For example, we study, work, etc.:

I'm at hospital (I'm in the hospital)

(Or “I’m at the hospital”). You can say this or that. (you can read about articles in the article)

This means that I am probably sick, in the hospital and being treated. I can also visit someone there, etc.

I'm at university.

(I am at the university)

This means that I sit in classes and study.

I'm at the supermarket.

(I'm at the supermarket)

This means I'm shopping.

(I'm at work)

I am working.

(I'm home). Just remember this phrase.

I'm at my friend's.

(I'm at my friend's)

This means that I am visiting my friend.

I’m at my girlfriend’s/my brother’s/my sister’s.

(I'm with my girlfriend/brother/sister), etc. Same meaning - I'm visiting.

Remember these designs!

Every New Year’s eve we sit at the table with my family and celebrate each other.

(Every New Year we gather at the table with the whole family and congratulate each other)

— when talking about time, we also use “at”:

(At seven o'clock)

I wake up at six o'clock.

(I wake up at six o'clock).

(You can read about how to say time in English in the article)

To be honest, even now I sometimes get confused about the use of “at” and “in”. But I don’t worry too much about it, because it’s not a big mistake;) If you get confused, it’s okay, over time you will feel the difference. But, still, we must try to speak correctly.

I’m at the airport (I’m in the airport). Not a strict error.

3. The preposition “on” is on.

We use "on" when:

- something is located exactly ON something.

The bottle is on the table.

(The bottle is on the table)

My flat is on the second floor.

(My apartment is on the second floor)

- we're talking about days of the week.

I'll come to you on Sunday.

(I'll come to you on Sunday)

I'll start working on Monday.

(I will start working on Monday)

Let's see on Friday.

(Let's see you on Friday)

— we use an electronic device for conversation. For example:

Hi, I’m sorry I’m on my cellphone and I can’t send you a letter right now.

(Hi, sorry, I'm on my mobile phone right now, so I can't send you an email)

I’m on my tablet, so let’s speak on voice chart when I come home.

(I'm talking to you via tablet now, so let's voice chat when I get home)

4. The preposition “to” - in, on, to.

I had problems with this preposition when I first started studying it. But you only need practice to get used to the occasions of its use and use it automatically.

We use it when we are going somewhere, to indicate direction.

I go to work five days a week.

(I go to work 5 days a week)

I'm going to university.

(I'm going to the university)

I'm going to Moscow.

(I'm going to Moscow)

I'm going to a supermarket.

(I'm going to the supermarket)

I'll come to you tomorrow.

(I'll come to you tomorrow)

BUT, we DO NOT USE “TO” with the following words: to go abroad (to go abroad), to go underground (to go to the subway), to go downtown (to go to the city center), to go somewhere/anywhere (to go somewhere) , to go there/here (go there/here), to go in/inside (go inside), to go out/outside (go outside), to go upstairs/downstairs (go up/down the stairs). REMEMBER THEM!

I'm going there.

(I go there)

I'm going abroad.

(I'm going abroad)

Also, the preposition “to” conveys the meaning of the dative case in Russian.

I'll give it to you.

(I'll give it to you)

I'll sing this song to you.

(I'll sing you this song)

And of course, “to” is used with an infinitive: to go (to walk), to read (to read), etc.

5. The preposition "of".

Not a very complicated preposition. As you know, it conveys the meaning of the genitive case in Russian.

A friend of my sister.

(Friend of my sister)

A teacher of this university.

(Teacher at this university)

But sometimes this preposition can correspond to the meaning of the preposition “about” - about (something). For example:

I'm thinking of this problem.

(I'm thinking about this problem)

I’m thinking of going abroad.

(I'm thinking about going abroad)

We have to talk about the facts.

(We must talk about facts)

So, keep that in mind ;)

Well, I talked about the main prepositions in English. It is very important to know them and understand when they are used. Below are tables with these and some other prepositions.

Prepositions in English: Table

Now you know all the prepositions of the English language. Keep learning English and take care of yourself!

Greetings, my dear readers.

Today we will have a topic that cannot be covered with one lesson. English prepositions are a topic that can take years to learn, believe me. But so be it, today we will close a small part of it. I will give you the most popular prepositions that you need to learn first. They will be in tables, and in pictures, and even with translation - everything as you like, my dears.

Well, shall we begin?

What are prepositions?

Prepositions- these are small words that connect different parts of speech. Let's look at an example:

He was looking at me.- He looked at me.

In this case, our pretext is “ at" finds its Russian equivalent" on ", linking this verb and . Imagine if it didn’t exist, what would be the point?

These little “pranksters” are very different and functions they perform differently too. Very often prepositions are used to point the listener to a specific place.

I was sitting on a couch.- I was sitting on the sofa (place).

She was waiting for him at the party. - I was waiting for him at the party.

Very often prepositions are used to show us.

I left school in 2011. - I graduated from school in 2011.

I go jogging in the morning.- In the morning I go for a run.

Most often, as you may have already noticed, they used with and followed by verbs (look at- look at). But sometimes they can be used with nouns and come directly before them (in the kitchen- in the kitchen).

If you want to thoroughly and once and for all deal with them, I recommend this manual to you. It will tell you in detail about all the most common prepositions in the English language, show their use in examples and remind you of special cases.

By the way, in English there are prepositions that can can not found his “brother” in Russian. You won't be able to translate them, but you'll have to memorize common expressions by heart. In this case, I have a table for you where you can see examples of such expressions. I highly recommend that you learn them! How? Just make sentences with them and feel the difference.

Today I suggest you try to remember as much as possible. Therefore, I give you three tablets, after which you will be able to distinguish prepositions of place and time, which you will probably encounter in the near future.

Prepositions of place and direction

Prepositions of place - these are special prepositions. They should be remembered once and for all so that you never make a mistake in using them.

Prepositions of time.

It is not always easy for children to remember prepositions of time. After all, just remember what is with the months and what is with the days of the week...

Other options

Alas, there is a lot in English that defies ordinary logic, and you have to memorize so much! Prepositions are no exception. Therefore, catch a selection of prepositions that do not lend themselves to the rules of place or time, but you still have to know them. I didn’t write the translation here, since it will depend on the phrase.

You remember that without practice, any learning loses all its meaning? That's why I have prepared for you all the prepositions that we learned today. But in addition, you can practice some of what you've learned right here in these wonderful pictures.

How to do it? First, look at the first picture and try to remember all the prepositions of place and. It is better to do this by making sentences or questions: "The ball is under the box", “The ball is going down the stairs...”, “Are the red balls around the black one?” When you are ready, you can move your eyes lower and look at the second picture, trying to remember the necessary preposition or whole phrase. If you have any questions, you can ask them in the comments - I’ll try to help!

Practice, use them in your speech and improve your English. And I will be glad to help you with this. Become a regular reader of my blog, subscribe to my newsletter and regularly update your knowledge with new information.

Until next time.

Today, the English language has achieved such international recognition that it is studied in all countries of the world, and caring parents try to instill in their child knowledge of a foreign language from a very young age. However, we all know how English is a complex and grammatically confusing language, in which there are sometimes more exceptions than rules. Not every adult can cope with such volumes of information, so what should children do? Learn English in a fun and playful way! Today we will try to explain the basic prepositions in English for children as clearly as possible in this way. First, let's look at a little theory, and then we'll learn it by heart.

At

This preposition can be explained as “ at, near smth., at the table».

Used when an object or person is in front of another object.

Under

This preposition is indicated by the word " under».

Denotes being behind someone or something.

Near

To be near, at close distance from someone or something.

To be very close to someone or something.

To prevent prepositions in English from being too difficult for children, often refer to their depiction in funny pictures. This way, it is not only more interesting for the child to learn new material, but it is also much easier to remember the meaning of prepositions.

How to mark time?

Let's study a small group of function words that will help us build sentences with a specific tense. There is absolutely no difficulty in studying these prepositions, especially since we already know them all, only in a different meaning.

So, to say a specific time of day, as well as to indicate hours and minutes, we will use the preposition at.

And, if we need to indicate a day or holiday, we will use the service word on.

If the count goes to weeks, months and years, then we will use the auxiliary word in.

That's all! We have completed this difficult topic. All that remains is to find out how to learn basic prepositions of the English language With children fast and fun.

Prepositions in English for children in interactive form

Learning new words is a boring task even for adults, and even careless children will not want to sit for hours on tables and exercises. An interactive simulator, which can be downloaded on our page, will help them cope with English grammar. With a bright and colorful presentation, children will enjoy learning new material in English. Another great way to spend the lesson is to practice prepositions with a funny song. Below is the song itself, as well as a transcript of the text with translation and pronunciation, so that parents and kids can immediately sing along with the performers.

Other English topics: Flashcards for children in English - tips and tricks for conducting lessons

Song Where is...?

A preposition is a minor part of speech in English that helps establish a connection in a sentence by indicating the relationship between the main parts of the sentence. It is often impossible to form a complete English sentence without prepositions. Apparently, for this reason there are an abundance of prepositions in the English language. Some of them are close in meaning, for example - out And - outside, and - over And - above, —absent And - without.

However, each of them has its own unique uses. Some of the prepositions of the English language, to save speech, began to be omitted in certain cases, for example, -on is sometimes allowed not to be used if the speech is informal. There are prepositions that are used to a greater extent in a certain type of communication, for example, - per used mainly in business communication related to business.

For beginners, it would be nice to know the prepositions of this table without going into the subtle nuances of their use in English. This table does not contain extensive information regarding all existing rules for the use of prepositions in the English language. In the table you will find: an English preposition with Russian translation, its transcription, as well as several examples in English for clarity.

Prepositions and phraseology

Phraseology is impossible without prepositions. Sometimes a preposition is half the proverb!
Thus, the well-known phrase in Russian “day after day” is translated into English almost word for word:

• day after day - day after day.

Specific prepositions

bar— a specific English preposition translated “except” — expands your options.

Let's translate the last phrase:

• The pupils wrote the exam very well, bar the une who were inattentive during the lessons. — The students wrote the exam well, except for the one who was inattentive in class.

Where is our exception? And here it is!

Universal prepositions

Some prepositions are universal and have many meanings at the same time: for example, the preposition - for. It can be translated as “on”, and “in”, and “for”:

• I am so happy for you - I’m so happy for you

The same common pretext is - off. It means -from, -s, with:

• The village is 16 km off the city - The village is 16 km from the city

Some prepositions have one meaning, such as the preposition - without. It is translated - without.