Watery spots on the leaves of a phalaenopsis orchid. Spots on orchid leaves - how to fight? Causes of leaf pathologies

Like any living creature, plants also get sick. In orchids, the leaves are the first to suffer. Let's take a closer look at why this happens and what to do about it.

• 1 Causes of stains
  • 1.1 What factors can contribute to the pathological process?
  • 1.2 Pathogens
  • 1.3 Phalaenopsis diseases
    • 1.3.1 Urticaria
    • 1.3.2 Bacillus Cypriped
    • 1.3.3 Dry spots
    • 1.3.4 Late blight
    • 1.3.5 Mesophyll collapse
  • 1.4 Bacterial spot
    • 1.4.1 Phyllostictina Pyriformis
    • 1.4.2 Chlorosis
    • 1.4.3 Burkholderia gladioli
• 2 Treatment
  • 2.1 What to do if your pet is injured? Necessary activities:
  • 2.2 What should I do?

Causes of spots

What factors can contribute to the pathological process?

First of all, improper care:

• direct impact sun rays on the foliage. Carefully choose the location of the flower;
• excessive humidity. Make sure that the soil does not stagnate with water;
• insufficient ventilation. Check to see if the container with the plant has enough holes. Or they are too small. Ideally, the diameter is at least 1 centimeter. Make sure that they are located evenly around the entire perimeter of the dish and on its bottom;
• air stagnation. Well ventilate the room where the orchid is located. However, avoid drafts. Some varieties are afraid of them;
• poorly chosen pot. It should be the right size: neither too tight nor too big. Still, the plant needs to be replanted periodically. Each time, buy dishes exactly according to the volume of the root system;
• improper watering. Some species cannot be watered from above. This is due to the structural features of the leaf. As a result, moisture accumulates at its base, provoking the process of rotting;
• poor quality substrate. Optimally, it is loose, without lumps, all components are distributed evenly. Water drains well from it. After watering, the soil does not bunch up. He smells nice. Has sufficient drainage;
• unbalanced fertilizer. It is not only the correct ratio of components that is important. Consider right time for feeding, quantity, frequency. All this depends on the type of orchid and its characteristics. Its exact name will help you here.

Pathogens

One or more of the above reasons can lead to the following problems:

Phalaenopsis diseases

Let's look at some of the problems that cause spots on orchid leaves.

Hives

Dark brown defects appear immediately after infection. They round shape, up to 3 mm in diameter. Next comes the spread throughout the flower. The reason is low temperature, excessive humidity, and insufficient ventilation.

Bacillus Cypriped

A dangerous, common disease of orchids. Caused by the pathogenic bacillus Cypriped. The development of bacteria is promoted by high temperature and humidity. A small, light, rapidly growing spot appears. Then the affected parts soften, darken, smell bad, and shrink. Reason: improper watering or spraying.

Dry spots

The leaf becomes covered with a brown spot, which gradually spreads throughout the phalaenopsis. This fungal infection occurs due to high humidity air.

Late blight

A serious disease caused by the fungus Phytophtora cactorum. Purple blemishes appear on the leaves, which then darken to black. The plant may die. Reason: excessive density of the substrate, abundant watering.

Mesophyll collapse

Yellow spots of uneven shape are observed. Then they seem to press in the affected part. To prevent this from happening, avoid cold water for watering and spraying.

Bacterial spot

It is caused by the fungus Cercospora. Outer side the leaf is covered with yellow uneven spots of 5-10 mm. Internal - moldy. This is caused by high temperature and poor ventilation.

Phyllostictina Pyriformis

Fungal infection. Manifested by the presence of yellow or black spots. They may remain unchanged for several months. This is the period when deep within the tissues there is a rapid process of development of the mycelium. Ends with the death of the leaf plate.

Chlorosis

Exposure to chlorine causes black blemishes on leaves. After they curl, the plant dies.

Burkholderia gladioli

A bacterial disease in which dark spots taken for frostbite.

Treatment

What to do if your pet is injured? Necessary activities:

For bacterial infections, cut off the affected areas with a sterile instrument. The cut areas are disinfected with brilliant green, charcoal, fungicide.

The plant is provided with moderately warm, not sunny place with good ventilation. They are allowed to rest for several days, without watering.

Unfortunately, there are problems in which the orchid dies. For example, chlorosis, late blight. Therefore, it is important to take preventive measures in time.

What do we have to do?

First of all, follow the rules of care. Carefully study the name of your pet, its type, variety, and characteristics. Great importance has plant origin, its natural climatic conditions. Try to bring home orchid maintenance closer to natural ones. Then its lush, healthy flowering will delight you for a long time.

Avoid injury, as through cuts, breaks, tissues are easily exposed to bacterial action.

Since the first symptoms of diseases of such capricious plants appear precisely as spots on the leaves, you can quickly identify the cause and take adequate measures. Proper care will also make your flower resistant to pests.

Leaves and flowers of a healthy orchid for a long time pleasing to the eyes of its owners. From a glance experienced gardener spots on orchid leaves, which sometimes appear for no reason, will not be hidden. Why did these white dots appear and what to do to treat the spots that are visible on the leaves of the phalaenopsis orchid?

Any depigmentation of a plant always indicates the presence of certain disturbances in its life. These may be white spots, watery spotting, which over time turns into necrotic black spots, dry brown spots, at the site of which the plant tissue crumbles and breaks off. Spots that may appear on the leaves of phalaenopsis indicate illness or impaired mineral nutrition of your pet.

Depending on the cause of the spots, they will have to be treated differently. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between signs of diseases and physiological problems of the plant. Let's take a closer look at why spots appear. different colors, and the worst thing is white spots on the leaves of the orchid.

Phalaenopsis diseases

There is a large list of diseases whose symptoms are spots on the leaves. They can be divided into two categories - diseases caused by fungi and diseases caused by bacteria. Among the fungi, spots on the leaves are caused by late blight, fusarium, cochliobolus, pseudocochliobolus, pathogens of septoria and cercospora.

Bacterial pathogens of spotting mainly belong to the genus Bacillus, but there are exceptions. Basically, all these diseases manifest themselves in the initial stages in the form of the appearance of whitish or yellow spots Over time, the lesions turn black from the center. Sometimes the spots merge and form massive necrotic areas with dark edges.

Hives

Urticaria is caused by the fungus Uredo Japanika. Dark spots up to 3 mm in diameter appear on the leaves. Over time, the entire surface of the plant is affected, which is why it dies. Typically, the occurrence of this disease is a consequence of poor control of the plant's environment. Phalaenopsis plants that are located in a room with low temperature and high humidity are most often infected.

Bacillus Cypriped

This bacterium is the causative agent of wet rot of orchids. This is a very dangerous disease that cannot be adequately treated. At the first signs of disease, it is recommended to remove the affected leaf.

The manifestation of the disease is very characteristic and begins from the edge of the leaf blade. First, a dark watery spot appears there, which quickly spreads down the tissue. The affected area becomes sluggish, the leaf becomes limp, and an unpleasant odor characteristic of bacteriosis appears.

Rot develops literally by the hour. The light affected spot darkens within a few hours to yellow color, after – until brown. On the second day the whole plant turns brown.

Dry spots

The causative agent of dry spots is Cladosporium Orchideorum. Small spots appear on the plant Brown, dry consistency. Quite quickly they cover the entire surface of the photosynthetic organ, forming black sporulation on it.

Late blight

The causative agent is Phytophthora palmiala - fungal in nature. This pathogen causes black rot of the leaf base. An extremely dangerous disease. Pathogen spores are capable of long time persist in the soil. It begins with the appearance of small black spots on the leaves of the orchid. Progresses rapidly, infecting and killing the entire plant. There is practically no cure. Phytophthora loves damp, cool conditions and infects a flower only in the presence of dripping moisture.

Mesophyll collapse

A disease called leaf cell death. The causative agent has not been determined. It looks like single brown pits on the surface of phalaenopsis. The development of this disease is associated with watering the leaves with cold water.

Bacterial spot

This term most often refers to spotting caused by a fungus of the genus Cercospora. It appears as white, concentric spots on the top of the leaf. From the bottom side you can observe the development of the mycelium. The disease will spread quickly if the appropriate conditions are present - high temperature and high humidity.

Phyllostictina Pyriformis

Yellow leaf spot caused by a fungus. It develops slowly, but on a large scale - the fungus quickly spreads through spores, infecting the entire plant. The spots are initially yellowish and later darken. The fungus is an aggressive necrotroph and quickly kills the leaves of a living plant.

Chlorosis

Destruction of chlorophyll in plant cells. It looks like an uneven, light striped spot on the surface of the affected organ. It is a consequence of a huge range of problems ranging from insufficient moisture or minerals(nitrogen, phosphorus) ending with the presence of root rot. Chlorosis is a symptom of the disease

Burkholderia gladioli

Unusual for our latitudes, wet bacterial rot. The pathogen Burkholderia gladioli lives in plant cells and causes local darkening of tissues due to the destruction of mechanical structures. The affected area becomes slimy and jelly-like in consistency.

Treatment

Treatment of spotting comes down primarily to prevention. Treat your plants in a timely manner, prevent them from freezing and stressing, and make sure that there is no dripping moisture on the leaves. At the first sign of disease, remove the affected leaf to save the whole orchid. Having accurately determined who is the causative agent of your disease - a fungus or a bacterium, use the necessary drug

Video “Orchid diseases”

From this video you will learn about mistakes in care and the causes of diseases.

The very word “orchid” is fraught with some kind of charm and mystery. Growing it amazing plant at home is a real pleasure, especially when your pet begins to delight you with its truly royal flowers of the most unimaginable colors. But all this is only possible if proper care. The plant is quite unpretentious, but at the same time has its own “character”. Very often you may encounter various kinds troubles, which is why it is so important to know their treatment.

First of all, it’s worth saying a few words about the proper care of these plants. After all, this is the main factor in preventing various diseases and the key to good flowering.

7 main mistakes in caring for orchids

• Redundant and frequent watering- this is one of the main reasons from which an orchid dies. Strictly follow the recommendations regarding water regime.
• Cold drafts in the room. Remember that they in no way replace ventilation and are not an equivalent concept.
• The air in the apartment is too dry. Orchids are inhabitants where the humidity is close to 100%.
• Hitting straight lines summer period. The plant must be shaded from the midday heat.
• Wet leaves. Plants should be sprayed and watered in the first half of the day. If you systematically do this in the evening, you will probably provoke diseases of the orchid leaves.
• A heat source is nearby, namely radiators. Most often this leads to damage to the leaves.
• Too much fertilizing. Firstly, you cannot introduce them during the dormant period, and secondly, in any concentration, strictly follow the instructions on the packaging.

To avoid the question of how to save orchids, adhere to these basic principles. Otherwise you may have some difficulties.

Problems associated with care errors

The first thing we know about a plant is its leaves. This is the most important indicator, or at least the most noticeable to us.

The first signal that not everything is in order is a change in the color of the leaves. If they purchased yellow tint or blushed, then perhaps the reason is that the sun is too bright. If the new leaves that appear become too dark, then most likely they do not have enough light. A sign of insufficient nutrition can be a change in color intensity, when all the greenery becomes uniformly pale. These changes are not fatal. And if there is no question about how to save orchids, then it is simply necessary to help the plant.

A more serious sign is the leaves wilting or falling off altogether. The first thing to do is to carefully examine the plant for pests. If his appearance is quite healthy, then the reason may lie in dehydration. Surprisingly, but true: the same symptoms can indicate both excess moisture and its lack. When the substrate dries out, the roots of the orchid lose their source of water and, accordingly, cannot supply the leaves with it. And if there is excess moisture, they simply rot and also fail to cope with their function. The result is wilted or falling leaves.

Well, another most common situation is the appearance of black spots. They appear either on the entire surface of the leaf or only on the tips. In the first case, the reason most likely lies in excess sun, and the plant was simply burned, and in the second, it is due to waterlogging and drafts.

Bacterial diseases of orchids and their treatment

This is perhaps the most difficult category of diseases, because when the signs are noticed, as a rule, it is too late to do anything. Brown leaf spotting is specific to orchids; phalaenopsis is especially susceptible to it. A leaf affected by this disease first turns yellow and then becomes brown tint. The infected tissue becomes soft and becomes covered with ulcers, from which cell sap comes out. The question arises of how to save orchids with such a disease. The first step is to isolate the diseased plant from the rest. Areas of leaves affected by brown spot are carefully cut out, including healthy tissue. It is best to sprinkle the slices with crushed powder. This measure is effective on initial stage. After all the cuts have dried, the plant should be treated special drugs(fungicides). For example, “Strobi”, “Vectra”, “Fitosporin”, etc. If the flower is damaged too much, including the bulb, then it will no longer be possible to help it, you will have to throw it away.

In addition to bacterial and fungal diseases, orchids are very often attacked by pests. Let's look at each option in more detail.

Aphid

These are small (from 1 to 4 mm) insects, which, depending on the species, can be green, yellow or black in color. They suck the juice from the plant, so their favorite location is buds, flowers, young leaves and sprouts. In places where they accumulate the most, a honey coating forms, on which dark mold subsequently develops. At the initial stage, the plant should be washed soapy water, and cut off buds and flowers affected by insects. If the colonies are too large, then insecticides are used, for example, Fitoverm, Inta-Vir. Keep in mind that most often they all require re-processing after a certain period, so read the instructions carefully and follow safety precautions.

Thrips

These are very small flying insects with a yellow or black body. Most often they can be seen with the naked eye. In addition, signs of thrips are silvery spots and stripes on leaves and flowers. Buds affected by insects begin to deform. Their appearance and active reproduction are facilitated by prolonged drought. Therefore, it is so important to know what kind of soil an orchid needs and how to maintain constant moisture in it.

Spider mite

A small insect that most often appears on orchids with soft leaves, for example, Cymbidium. Its active development and rapid reproduction is facilitated by dry indoor air and elevated temperatures. A characteristic feature is the appearance of first pale and then darkening spots, sometimes cobwebs are noticeable. Control and prevention measures are the same. Treat the plant once a week. Do the same if false flare appears.

Shields

This is very insidious pest. Often its abilities are underestimated, and as a result, it is simply impossible to save the plant. Appearance pests resemble plaques of brown or gray. They suck the juice from the plant, so they are most often found on leathery leaves. The adult female spends its entire life in a motionless state, protected by a waxy scute. This feature is due to the fact that it is difficult to get rid of them. The appearance of scale insects may be the answer to the question of why the orchid dries out. Insects draw juice from the leaves, as a result of which they begin to wither, then turn yellow and eventually fall off.

The main targets of these pests are primarily weakened plants with impaired metabolism, “overfed” with nitrogen fertilizers. It is possible to get rid of scale insects, but it will take some effort. Initially, isolate the affected orchid from other plants. Next, you should wash it with water or a regular soap solution - this will help get rid of young and mobile individuals. There are many folk ways, but is it worth the risk and making the disease worse? Therefore, we recommend using insecticides immediately. Treat the plant carefully; scale insects like to hide in the leaf axils, especially in orchids with sympodial branching.

Mealybug

This is very small insects, which seem to be covered with fluff, reminiscent of cotton wool. They usually settle in the axils of leaves or on their undersides, on pseudobulbs. When large colonies form, the plant stops growing. A sign of their appearance may also be withered leaves. Often mealybug You can bring it home with the plant you just purchased. That's why the first few weeks are so important new orchid, and any other flower, keep it in isolation from others and observe. IN in this case The advice especially applies to phalaenopsis. Methods for combating mealybugs are similar to those for the appearance of scale insects.

Slugs and snails

Of course, in room conditions they are unlikely to appear. Slugs and snails are a scourge for those who breed and keep orchids in greenhouses and conservatories. These mollusks primarily damage the buds and flower stalks, as well as the tips of the rhizomes of orchids. Prevention of their occurrence is the timely removal of garbage and plant debris from greenhouses. These pests are nocturnal, so when it gets dark, you can try collecting them using a flashlight. But it is best to spread out special anti-slug granules.

The whole secret healthy plant- this is proper care for it. Observing the required temperature and humidity, choosing correct soil and the location of the plant in the house, by setting a proper watering regime, you will save yourself from many problems.

Having a beautiful butterfly flower in your home is not a problem. Improper care is the cause of orchid disease. Advice from amateurs is sometimes exactly the opposite. There are signs by which even an inexperienced amateur will understand the reason for the change in color and shape of the leaves. Improper care and its consequences occur when the basic rules for maintaining an orchid are not followed.

Photos of orchid diseases and their treatment with descriptions

The plant does not react immediately to a violation of its contents. The consequences occur a few days later, when the grower has already forgotten about what happened. Therefore, only careful attention to the plant and a system of care will avoid diseases. When choosing an orchid, you need to balance the conditions and requirements of the variety. So, there are light-loving varieties that can live even on a south-facing window with shading, for example. Most often bred, which loves shade. Subtleties in caring for different orchids need to be taken into account.

The most common type of orchid in cultivation is Phalaenopsis. It is easier to care for it when kept indoors.

In order not to wonder if the orchid is sick, what to do, you need to avoid:

• improper watering;
• dry air around the flower;
• improper lighting;
• temperature collapse;
• underfeeding and overfeeding;
• diseases transmitted through insects and air;
• open infected wounds on the plant.

The consequences of improper maintenance are expressed by weakening of the plant. Orchids often suffer from excessive attention. Orchid diseases can be divided into groups:

Any diseases of orchids begin with lapses in care.

Lighting

Incorrect lighting can cause leaf burns. Even the spring sun can be destructive if the orchid is not gradually accustomed to it. Lack of lighting will lead to elongated growths. If the situation is not corrected, the flower will die. should be performed with cold glow lamps installed no closer than 30 cm from the sheet. The sheet will get burned from the incandescent lamp.

Watering

If the leaves of an orchid wither, one of the reasons may be a violation of the watering regime. The orchid grows in a pot with transparent walls. The roots participate in photosynthesis and deliver moisture to the leaves. Therefore, leaf lethargy occurs from prolonged drying out of the plant or excessive watering. If the plant is too dry in the summer, and even in dry air, the leaves will lose their tightness. To avoid creating a greenhouse effect, the room is ventilated. It is important that the roots dry completely between waterings. In a constantly wet substrate, root rot will begin and the leaves of the orchid will also wither.

If the plant is left to soak in water during watering and forgotten for a day, swelling of the leaves will occur. This means that the plate has become saturated with water, swollen, and wet spots have appeared on it. At this time, the plant is vulnerable to any infection.

Orchid flowers have different scents, but do not cause allergies. The smell of rotten meat and the aroma of vanilla are created by one type of flower. For better pollination, the petals are held by visiting insects.

Swelling is especially dangerous due to excessive watering in cool weather. At a temperature of about 15 degrees, watering should be reduced, wet spots should be dried with filter paper so that they do not grow. At this time, you cannot spray orchids on the leaves.

When in a draft sub-zero temperature within a few hours the plant will die.

Weakened orchids colonize spores and mycelium. Rot forms. Sometimes plants are bought with tubercles on the leaves in which the infection lies dormant. Infection can occur through the ground or by air.

Fungal diseases of orchid leaves are shown in the photo.

The mycelium tubercles on Phalaenopsis leaves cannot be opened. It is better to destroy such leaves so as not to spread the infection. The new leaves will be clean.

The roots can be affected by rot, the leaves - by spotting, anthracosis and powdery mildew. Each disease has its own symptoms, but the primary one is a violation of the content.

There may be rot different color– brown, black, gray, but you can save an orchid only in initial stage, pruning and disinfecting all infected areas. Have to take new pot and substrate, sterilize the instrument. If the rot has spread throughout the root, the plant must be destroyed.

Leaf spotting is caused by over-watering and over-fertilizing. Weeping spots appear on the fleshy, loose plate - this is spotting. It is necessary to change the conditions of keeping the flower and remove all affected parts of the plant. Phalaenopsis suffers from this orchid disease. As a control measure, the plant is dried and treated with fungicides.

Another disease that begins as spots on the leaves is anthracosis. Small brown spots grow, necrotic lesions appear. High humidity, stagnation of water on the leaves and lack of ventilation are the causes of the disease. The treatment is long-term. It is necessary to remove the affected parts, then treat with fungicide three times every 10 days.

If the affected leaves are covered with a white coating on top, this is powdery mildew. Wet raw warm air provoked the development of dormant spores. A solution of colloidal sulfur, Fitosporin and changing the conditions of detention will help.

Viral diseases are determined by mosaic leaves and small spots. They are transmitted by insect pests, which are carriers. There is no cure for such diseases. The plant is removed.

Why do sticky spots appear on orchid leaves?

Aphids, whiteflies, and mealybugs can colonize a weakened plant. If you frequently wipe the sheets with a damp cloth, pests will be detected quickly, and getting rid of them will not be difficult. The greatest harm to orchids is caused by the scale insect, which sits tightly on the leaf, feeds on juice and secretes a sticky secretion on which the sooty fungus settles. As a result, sticky spots appear on the orchid leaves. You can remove scale insects with an alcohol solution. If there are a lot of pests, Fitoverm will save you. But it is necessary to change the pot and soil.

Video about orchid diseases

Today the orchid is not so much rare plant in an indoor flower garden. However, it is subject various diseases and demands special care. Unfortunately, you can't find any full information It’s difficult to know about the contents of a flower, orchid diseases and their treatment.

Therefore, we tried to cover common problems and difficulties in growing orchids.

Problems with orchid flowering, ways to eliminate them

This indoor plant quite demanding and capricious. Therefore, if you just brought it home after purchasing it and it begins to wither, this is not unusual. You just need to choose one for him appropriate place and care for it properly.

Orchid doesn't bloom

In order not to worry about the flowering of an orchid, even at the time of purchase you need to clarify what kind of variety it is and what its flowering period is. The fact is that different types flowers bloom in different time . But it happens that the expected flowering does not occur, while the green mass continues to grow. The main reasons for the lack of buds are the following:

• sudden changes in temperature;
• improper watering;
• violation of rest regime;
• lack of light.

Did you know? The most common reason for the lack of flowers on a plant is a lack of light, which is why the plant itself begins to wither. Most varieties of orchids do not do well even in partial shade, but varieties such as Paphiopedilum and Phalaenopsis can bloom in such conditions.

The lack of light is indicated by the color of the leaves: they become bright green, whereas their natural color is light green. If the leaves turn yellow, this indicates an excess amount of ultraviolet radiation, that is, excess lighting. Control measures: the flower should be placed in a more illuminated place or removed to partial shade.

Another common problem when there is no flowering is root diseases. It's difficult to define. Sometimes, even when the roots rot, the orchid continues to bloom.

But if it hasn’t bloomed for a long time, and everything is fine with the lighting, you should check root system. Most often, it begins to rot due to excessive watering.

In this case, replanting the plant and removing damaged parts of the rhizome will help. Periodic replanting is, in principle, beneficial for its development.

Orchid buds fade

As a rule, in this case the problems turn out to be the same as those described above. But there may be additional reasons. First of all, the orchid reacts very sensitively to a change of place of residence. If you recently bought it and brought it home, it is not surprising that the orchid buds wither and fall off.

Important! Main role Lighting plays a role in this process. It is logical that in the greenhouse it was suitable and sufficient, but in your home it may not be enough or, conversely, there may be too much. Please note that there are shade-loving and light-loving varieties of orchids; this point must be clarified when purchasing a plant. So, on northern and northeastern windows you can grow cambria and phalaenopsis. Angrecums cymbidiums, laelias, cattleyas, vandas and others are considered light-loving.

In addition, there may be problems with hypothermia of orchids. This is very heat-loving plants, so you need to make sure that in winter the temperature in the room does not fall below 22°C. Please note that air humidity must be at least 70%, otherwise the flowers will also begin to fall off.

The orchid loves good air circulation, but does not tolerate drafts. She also reacts sharply to presence of different food products nearby, especially fruits and vegetables that emit ethylene. It provokes accelerated ripening of buds, which can wither and fall off without even opening.

Another reason for the wilting of buds can be pests. In particular, the mealybug feeds on their juice, leading to the premature death of the bud.

Do not forget that withering and falling of flowers is natural process. Duration of flowering different varieties also not the same. Some delight with variegated flowers for several months, others for several weeks. It is likely that you bought the plant after flowering.

Dark spots on flowers

Sometimes they arise not because of diseases, but due to mechanical damage during transportation of the plant. Such spots do not spread throughout the flower, dry out, and have uneven edges.

However, spotting may occur due to moisture getting on the petals during watering or condensation when the plant was transported in packaging. Because of this, flowers can not only become stained, but also fall off.

If the plant is still in the sun, then where water gets on the petals, a burn may occur - the water will act like a lens.

Did you know? Can cause brown spots on flowers fungal disease. In this case, they can deteriorate literally overnight, when the entire plant becomes covered in spots. In this case, the affected leaves and stems will be watery, and a moldy coating may appear on them.

Rot: prevention and treatment

Most often when indoor growing orchids have to deal with rot. Moreover, problems mainly arise due to excessive care.

The plant develops watery, light brown spots on the leaves. Mostly young people. After some time, they darken, grow, gradually merging with each other. Moreover, the lower the temperature environment The more abundant the watering, the faster these processes occur.

If you have just discovered these signs of orchid disease, you can still help it, cutting out the damaged areas with a sharp tool, grabbing some healthy tissue. The cut edges must be treated with a preparation containing copper or crushed coal.

If these manipulations cannot be done, the flower cannot be saved. It is better to get rid of it before the disease spreads to other flowerpots.

Most often, brown bacterial rot affects orchid varieties such as paphiopedilum, cymbidium, cattleya, and phalaenopsis. Prevention of such diseases consists of spraying the plant with a solution copper sulfate once a month.

affects the roots of the plant, which soften and deteriorate. At the same time, the leaves of the plant acquire a brown tint. The cause of these processes is too high air humidity and temperature.

To get rid of the disease, it is necessary to adjust the conditions of the plant, as well as treat the roots and soil with topsin solution (0.2%) or foundationazole solution (0.2%). This must be done three times, maintaining an interval of approximately three weeks. As a rule, to do this, the pot is immersed in a solution.

To prevent the disease, you should use a high-quality substrate for planting, previously disinfected. Most often, orchids of the Paphiopedilum, Miltonia, and Cymbidium varieties need such care.

The orchid is also characterized by a leaf disease such as gray rot . It's easy to determine: Dark islands appear on the leaves, covered with a fluffy gray coating. Gradually, rot moves from the leaves to the soil, then to the flowers, and then to the entire plant. The disease can also start from flowers, covering them with small brown spots.

The disease occurs due to improper care- high air humidity combined with low temperature. But sometimes the cause is excessive use of fertilizers with a high nitrogen content, which reduces the plant’s resistance to this disease.

- this is a fungal disease. Therefore, to combat it, it is necessary to remove damaged areas from the plant, and completely treat with fungicides.

Moreover, if the chosen drug did not help and after some time the signs of the disease appeared again, you need to use another drug. When watering, you should use products that increase the plant’s resistance to disease.

Important! Try not to place orchids close to each other or other plants. Then, if gray rot occurs on one plant, the fungal spores will not be able to spread to the neighboring one.

Gray mold most readily “settles” on orchids that bloom with white flowers: cattleyas, cymbidiums, phalaenopsis.

A fungal disease occurs when the flower is kept in too cold a room. Especially if the plant was sick before or survived a pest attack. In this case, spots on the orchid leaves are removed with a sharp and sterile instrument, and the cut edges are processed Bordeaux mixture or charcoal.
Next, the plant must be transplanted into another pot or into the same one, but pre-sterilized. It is planted in a fresh sterile substrate, and the old one must be disposed of. After transplantation, the necessary conditions are created for the plant.

Frequent patients with a similar diagnosis are orchids of the Cattleya and Paphiopedilum varieties.

If the orchid leaves turn yellow or spots appear on them, you'll probably have to deal with fusarium rot. In this case, the leaves soften, curl, and fungal spores give them a pinkish tint.

The main cause of such diseases is high humidity with poor air circulation. Most often, orchids of the Epidendrum, Miltonia, and Phalaenopsis varieties suffer from this disease if the necessary conditions are not met.

It is recommended as a treatment treating the plant three times a day with a solution of foundationazole (0.2%). Treat all plants carefully, as rot spots may appear on the shoots. At the same time, during the treatment period, you must stop spraying the plant and make sure that it does not stand in drafts.

Leaf diseases: symptoms, prevention and treatment

Orchid diseases can be viral, bacterial or fungal in nature and manifest themselves in completely different ways: in the form of plaque, stains, rot. Accordingly, each disease has its own treatment method.

Important! Almost all orchids lose their color over time, even with proper care. Lack of light weakens the plant's immunity, but the light-loving orchid does not tolerate direct sunlight. Particular care must be taken to accustom the orchid to the spring sun, shading those plants that stand on the south side so that they do not get sunburn. Gradually getting used to the sun, the flowers will require shading only on a hot afternoon.

Most often, this fungal disease affects the leaves of the plant. They appear as tiny but distinct round brown spots that enlarge as they connect with each other. Large affected areas turn black, forming holes. If the plant is sick for a long time, a pink or yellowish coating may appear in these areas.

Causes: stagnant water in the leaf axils and high air humidity.

Treatment begins with trimming the affected areas. Sections must be treated with ash or activated carbon, and the plant itself - with preparations containing copper. Treatment is carried out three times with breaks of ten days. In this case, it is necessary to reduce watering and completely abandon fertilizing.

To prevent fungus It is necessary to ensure that the air humidity does not exceed 70% and does not fall below 40%, while regularly and well ventilating the room. Monitor the presence of water in the axils of the leaves and pseudobulbs. If it collects there, remove it in time with a napkin or cloth.

Orchids of the phalaenopsis, paphiopedilum, oncidium, and miltonia varieties are mainly susceptible to this disease.

Phalaenopsis orchids are most susceptible to this disease. First, the leaves of infected plants turn yellow, then darken, then soften and crack. Liquid appears in the resulting ulcers.

To get rid of the disease,such areas are cut out with a sterile and sharp instrument, the sections are treated with iodine or activated carbon. If there are a lot of spots or the lobar vein is damaged, the treatment must be carried out with stronger preparations. If after such procedures there is no relapse within 10 days, then the plant has recovered and is not contagious.

The disease occurs due to too bright lighting in the warm season, excessive use of fertilizers or improper watering.

Fractures in the leaves can cause normal mechanical damage. However, in some cases they indicate insufficient watering orchid or its severe hypothermia after watering.

Also pay attention to fertilizers. If they contain too much nitrogen, this can also cause deformation of the plant's leaves: thickening, breaks, cracks, and a change in color to dark green.

To get rid of the problem, it is enough to refuse fertilizer for some time. It is also recommended to wash the roots of the plant and replant it. Please note that after this procedure, the orchid may be delayed in growth for some time - this is a normal process.

This kind of damage usually appears on plants in spring and summer. When solar activity increases. Orchids need light large quantities, but scattered, and direct rays of the sun are, as a rule, destructive for her and cause burns.

Remaining droplets of moisture on the leaves and petals also provoke similar consequences. In this case, water, multiplying the strength of the sun's rays, contributes to the burning of the leaves - discolored areas with a brown edge appear on them. Over time, they dry out, forming holes.

The affected plant must be shaded, giving Special attention watering, but not flooding the flower. Heavily damaged areas must be removed by processing the edges of the cut. It is better not to use fertilizing during this period.

About the appearance powdery mildew speaks white coating on the leaves and buds of the flower. The areas covered with it dry out over time, and the plant itself dies. The disease occurs in conditions of high humidity in combination with high temperature- the so-called greenhouse effect.

As soon as you discover signs of this disease, you should immediately adjust your care and begin treatment. For this the plant is treated with Topsin-M, Skor or a solution of colloidal sulfur.

As a preventive measure the orchid should be sprayed with Fitosporin. This is recommended for all home orchids, since any of them has a risk of contracting powdery mildew.

A relatively rare, but no less dangerous disease. It is also fungal in nature and primarily affects the leaves of the plant.

And it strikes first bottom part leaves, forming light spots. Over time, red pads appear on them, in which fungal spores ripen. Please note that the disease appears on the weakest parts of the plant.

To get rid of From him, it is necessary to remove the affected areas, no matter how large they are. Do not forget to disinfect the cut areas with a 20% alcohol solution or activated carbon. Also recommended treat the plant with the preparations “Mikosan”, “Ridomil”, “Skor”, “Topsin-M”.

The plant becomes sick due to the appearance of various pests on it: white scale insects, mealybugs, aphids. Its spores reproduce well in their sweet secretions.

The fungus grows, clogging the stomata of the leaves. As a result, the plant does not receive required quantity light, weakens and, if not treated, dies. Treatment consists of treatment with the same drugs: Mikosan, Ridomil, Skor, Topsin-M.

Viral diseases of orchids

Oddly enough, orchids can also suffer from viral diseases. If a similar diagnosis is found in one plant, it must be urgently removed from the others and destroyed. Doesn't exist at all effective methods treating plants against viruses.

The most unpleasant thing is that the virus does not appear in the plant for a long time. This may be indicated by changes in the shape and color of the plant. Remember: if you have several flowerpots and general watering in one container, all plants are infected.

The virus can be introduced when processing an orchid with tools. As soon as they appear favorable conditions for its reproduction, it is immediately activated. Such conditions are a sharp decrease or increase in temperature, humidity, and changes in the habitat, which lead the orchid to stress.

If you suspect that a plant is infected with a virus, first you need to isolate it and treat it with any antibiotic, and then with a fungicide.

Orchids are amazing flowers that can decorate any room. But they are quite demanding in care, deviation from which leads to various diseases. It is necessary to constantly carry out various preventive actions, stimulate the growth and flowering of the plant.

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