Water heating boilers using wood and electricity. Combined wood-electricity boilers. What are the benefits of electric wood boilers?

27.06.2020

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In recent years, autonomous heating has become increasingly popular, and not only in private properties, but even in apartment buildings.

This is explained by significant cost savings and ease of use of such a system, as well as the ability to independently make decisions about the beginning and end of the “local heating season”, depending on specific weather conditions. In apartments, certain types of boilers are installed, operating primarily on gas, and sometimes on electricity.

But in the private sector, especially those located outside the city, combined heating boilers that can run on both wood and electricity are well suited, since it is easy to find solid wood fuel and there is almost always plenty of electricity, unlike gas. Moreover, if for some reason the electricity goes out or the supply is unstable, you can always switch to heating with wood or coal, which is extremely convenient. Procurement of solid fuel must be carried out in advance in order to always be prepared for any prevailing circumstances.

The design of this heating device is thoroughly thought out and works equally efficiently both with electricity and with wood.

In their structure, combination boilers differ from those that operate only on solid fuel. Their main feature is the presence of a heating element installed directly in the coolant tank.

Electric heater - heating element

At the bottom of the apparatus there is a firebox in which wood is burned. The released thermal energy heats the coolant, which is then sent to the heating circuit.

The boilers are equipped with devices that automatically turn on the heating element to achieve the set coolant temperature if Notgets enough power during solid fuel combustion. That there is, when the wood burns out, the heat subsides, the temperature drops, at this time the heater turns on and the boiler starts working on electricity. The entire process occurs independently, is regulated automatically, and human participation is not required.

When burning solid fuel, a power equal to 26-33 kW is released, which should be enough to heat a house with an area of 100 — 110 square meters, and then the even required temperature is maintained by an electric heating element.

Boiler structure

A boiler operating on solid fuel and electricity consists of the following main components and elements:

Body-box of the device
Firebox.
Gas outlet.
Pipe for chimney.
Damper.
Grate.
Ash pit.
Fire door.
Blower door.
Air door.
Lever arm.
Gate lock.
Reflector.
Pressure gauge.
Casing - body.
Front cover.
Screw door.
Traction regulator.
Chain.
Supply pipe.
Return pipe.
Stub.
Regulator.
Grounding bolt.
Sleeve for heat limiter.
Sleeve for temperature sensor.
Sleeve for control sensor.
Drain pipe.
Nameplate with name and serial number of the boiler.
heating element.

The design of combined boilers also provides for maintaining a minimum temperature in the circuit in cases where firewood is loaded into the firebox irregularly. This makes it possible to protect the heating system from freezing. Therefore, you can leave home for a long time without worrying about the pipes freezing.

It is important that the device can operate at low power only to maintain a minimum temperature in the system.

Boiler characteristics

To choose the option that is most suitable for the house in which it will be installed, you should consider all its parameters. They are indicated in the instructions, and you should definitely look at them before purchasing the device. These include the following points:

Boiler power during operation electric, wood-burning or other solid fuel.
Availability of the function of providing water points with heated water (water heating circuit).
Heat exchanger material. A heat exchanger made of cast iron is resistant to corrosion damage, but its main disadvantage is that it does not tolerate temperature changes well. Such frequent exposure can lead to cracking of the part.
If the heat exchanger is made of steel, then corrosion can easily damage it, but it can withstand changes in temperature conditions more easily.
It is imperative to check the presence of a valve, which makes the operation of the boiler safe from the possibility of overheating.
It is important to consider the size of the fuel chamber - this will determine how often you will have to put firewood into it.

The grate installed in the firebox can be made of steel or cast iron, as well as ceramics.

Cast iron grates can withstand high temperatures and are suitable for any type of solid fuel. Another advantage of cast iron is that it retains the heat obtained from coals for a long time.

The boiler can operate on bulk types of solid fuel

Today, steel and ceramic grates are more used. Due to the shape of the holes in ceramic grates, they are well suited for using fuel in the form of granules, chips, sawdust and other combustible materials with a fine fraction. But the disadvantage of honeycomb-shaped holes is the need for more air to enter, i.e. you need to make sure that the vent is open in the right way, otherwise the fire may simply go out.

Important parameters are the dimensions of the boiler and its weight. The possibility of installing it in a home boiler room largely depends on this.

Requirements for the chimney and boiler installation

Combination boilers, according to the rules of their operation, have some features that make them slightly different from simpler designs of heating devices. These nuances need to be known, at least to ensure that the device is safe in everyday use.

The main condition for installation is a properly equipped chimney pipe. It should be arranged in the same way as for a wood stove.
It must have good draft, and this will be ensured by the required height of the pipe head rising above the roof. This distance should be at least half a meter.

A very important condition is the flow of air into the blower chamber. To prevent carbon monoxide from unburned fuel from entering the room, it may be necessary to arrange forced ventilation. It will help burn the fuel to the end and remove all the resulting combustion products into the ventilation pipe.
The chimney pipe must be well insulated to prevent condensation from forming during the cold season from the difference between the hot exhaust air and the cold outside air. Accumulated moisture in the pipe can lead to the formation of ice, blocking the exit of smoke. To prevent this from happening, the chimney must be insulated immediately after installing the boiler.
Such a boiler should be located in a separate room (boiler room) - in this case its operation will be safer.

The boiler is quite large and massive

It is also necessary to remember that the weight of the heating boiler is quite large, and can even be several hundred kilograms. This must be taken into account when installing it, since not every floor can withstand such a load, and it may have to be strengthened. The floor or special foundation must be reinforced concrete, otherwise it may simply sag.

Single-circuit heating boiler using wood and electricity

To install such a boiler, it is better to contact specialists who work in this profile for help. They will be able to competently advise the best model of the device and install it without any problems, based on safety rules and technology requirements.

A combined solid fuel boiler is considered the most common type of universal equipment. Below we will talk about all types of fuel use combinations.

To begin with, we note that universal boilers can have two circuits:

One circuit is intended for heating the room.
Two circuits - the ability to provide the room with heat and hot water in flow mode.

Just like other units, universal boilers can be floor-mounted or wall-mounted. Unlike a boiler with a steel heat exchanger, equipment equipped with a cast iron heat exchanger has more weight and, accordingly, a floor modification. However, cast iron is a much more durable material and increases the life of the boiler. The average service life of such a device is 30 years, provided that all necessary rules for tying such equipment are observed.

Universal heating boilers

Undoubtedly, a combination boiler has many positive characteristics. The main advantages are, of course, its versatility and practicality.

Before buying a universal heating boiler for your home, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with all the variations offered to the consumer. Based on the number of burners used, such boilers are divided into:

Multi-fuel - used from three types of fuel.
Bi-fuel - it is possible to use two types of fuel.

Prices for universal boilers for heating a private home are higher than for conventional boilers operating on one type of fuel. However, such equipment is a great opportunity to use all available resources.

Owners of universal equipment claim that buying a double-circuit combination boiler for heating a private home was the right decision, since such a device is very economical and efficient.

Gas boilers with combinable fuels

Universal equipment has many combinations of fuel use.

Multi-fuel:

Are used:

firewood
electricity

Are used:

firewood coal pellets
electricity

Bi-fuel:

gas electricity
gas diesel
gas firewood coal pellets

Coal-gas heating boilers are very popular.

Boilers for heating with wood and electricity

An electric wood heating boiler is ideal for rooms not connected to main gas. Basically, such equipment can operate on different types of fuel. The price for a combined wood and electricity heating boiler, as for other similar units, depends on the power of the equipment. Pricing is also influenced by other technical characteristics of the equipment. A universal boiler that operates on a wood-electric circuit and is easy to operate. Typically, the design of such a boiler is as follows: a solid fuel steel boiler is combined with an electric heating element of varying power. It can be either initially built-in or built-in if necessary. Electricity is used to maintain the temperature of the coolant after the firewood has burned out. As a standard, an electric heating element is selected based on the power of a solid fuel boiler in a ratio of 1:2. Equipment that uses solid fuel, wood, coal, electricity, is considered highly efficient and economical. A solid fuel boiler with an electric heating element is the most profitable combined heating equipment. Like any other solid fuel unit, such boilers require a stainless steel chimney with thermal insulation and mandatory fresh ventilation in the room where it is installed.

Heating boilers combined with solid and diesel fuel

Liquid and solid fuel boilers can operate on diesel and wood (coal, pellets). Various modifications of such boilers are presented in assortment. It is advisable to install a universal boiler using wood and diesel fuel in a separate room. It is recommended to entrust installation to specialists. The combination of two types of fuel (diesel and wood) is the most economically beneficial for the consumer.

Combined solid fuel boilers

Solid fuel can be combined in various variations:

wood pellets;
pellets wood chips;
coal pellets;

Be sure to read the instructions included with the equipment. The manufacturer indicates what type of fuel can be used in the operation of this particular boiler.

Heating stove for a summer residence

Today, many are trying to escape from civilization, settle somewhere outside the city and enjoy nature. Fresh air, clear skies are good, but modern man is accustomed to conveniences and wants them to surround him everywhere. When purchasing a country house, many try to immediately find out whether communications have been made to it. It’s good when there is a gas main nearby, then the heating problem solves itself. But what to do if it doesn’t exist at all, how to live in the cold season? Alternative heat sources help solve this problem. You can take advantage of the benefits that heating with wood and electricity brings to your country house.

In order not to make a mistake and not go broke, you need to know which method is more effective and affordable. To do this, it is enough to simply compare them.

Wood stove heating

If there is no gas, and numerous attempts to bring it to the house have not been successful, you can use wood-burning stove equipment to heat a country house.

The principle of its operation is well known. Since ancient times, people in villages built a central stove, which became an object of attraction for all family members in winter. The stove not only heated, but also helped to prepare delicious and satisfying dishes. Their aroma cannot be confused with anything else. And all because wood ash and blue smoke slightly smoked the products and helped them retain useful components.

Firewood for the stove

The operating principle of the furnace design is simple. Firewood placed inside is ignited and releases heat when burned. It heats the equipment, and this, in turn, warms the air in the room.

Despite its seeming primitiveness, this option has a number of undeniable advantages:

Any wood stove heats up quickly.
With such equipment, there is no need to install your own heating system or spend money on purchasing pipes, expensive radiators and circulation pumps.
As a rule, a stove structure is built to last - it is very durable and designed for long service life.
Firewood is a relatively inexpensive source of fuel that is easy to obtain.
There is a large assortment of ready-made stove equipment for sale for every taste and color. Manufacturers are constantly improving the designs of wood stoves. Today they give off the maximum amount of heat and work for a very long time with one load. And this helps to save a lot of money.
A boiler can be built into such a system, which will function even without electricity.

Cooking and heating furnace

Wood heating of a dacha, of course, has many advantages, but it is also not without its disadvantages:

Any stove installation takes up a lot of space, so you need to think carefully in advance where to put it.
Finished equipment weighs a lot, often it is necessary to build a foundation for it, and this is an additional expense.
When choosing this heating method, you will need to constantly worry about purchasing firewood, making sure that the amount purchased is enough for the entire cold season. The firewood must be dry, so an additional firewood shed will have to be built on the site.
Furnace equipment should be operated strictly according to the instructions; combustion products are toxic, so they are always dangerous to human health.
When installing a wood-burning stove, it is necessary to properly construct the chimney. It is almost impossible to do this on your own, so you will need to hire professional craftsmen, which is an additional expense.
Any wood-burning stove heats the room unevenly; it cools down quickly if the fire is not maintained.

Heating with electricity

A double-circuit boiler has two spirals in one body

Is it possible to create comfortable living conditions and organize heating without gas and firewood? Of course - if there is electricity. You don't need to buy special fireplaces for this. They are ineffective, so it would be much more useful to install central heating and organize the supply of hot water, which will be heated by electricity.

Setting up such a heating system is not difficult. It is enough to invest once and purchase a double-circuit boiler that will immediately heat water for both heating and domestic needs.

Sometimes two boilers are installed in parallel. In the summer, one turns off, the other works and supplies hot water to the bath and kitchen. This is very convenient where people live in a country house all year round.

There are many advantages of an electric heating system:

High efficiency and high efficiency. Only such systems are capable of providing 100% results - that is, all the energy expended will turn into heat.
Highly environmentally friendly. When the systems operate, no harmful exhausts, gases, or combustion products are released that could harm human health or the environment.
High efficiency. The installation and installation of the system will not require much money. There is no need to buy and arrange fuel delivery or spend money on equipment maintenance. On sale you can find unique systems equipped with sensors that help monitor and save energy consumption.
Reliable handling. It is easy to program the system and put it into autonomous mode. This can be done not only in the general scheme, but also in relation to individual elements. As a result, more comfortable living conditions are created.
Process integrability. Any electrical systems can be installed in existing communication and engineering units. They are often combined with other heating systems, heating, for example, an additional wood-burning fireplace. This solution helps to overcome the most important problem of suburban housing - frequent power outages.

Suburban construction has recently been carried out at an active pace. There are special requirements for an individual home: it must not only be reliable and durable, but also comfortable. Life support systems play a colossal role in this issue, incl. and organization of high-quality heating.

Universal water heaters

Today, many consumers prefer to use powerful multifunctional equipment for heating the room, so they install combined heating boilers in their homes. Such devices make it possible to use gas and electricity (or other combinations) as energy carriers.

These are technologically advanced units that have the ability to switch to another type of fuel with minimal modifications. Some models combine solid fuel components, while others combine solid fuel with liquid or gaseous fuel.

Internal organization

Combined devices for heating a private home have become especially popular due to their versatility, thanks to which any type of fuel can be used. This effect is due to the special design of the device:

two chambers for different types of fuel (solid, gas, electricity);
integrated heating element;
several outputs for different heating circuits;
inflatable burner.

Additional outlets for connecting the heating system make it possible to heat several rooms at the same time, and they also reduce the main length of the radiator pipes.

Advantages of the device

Universal models have the following advantages:

operate simultaneously on different fuels;
reliable;
operate autonomously;
can serve as a backup heating option;
comfortable to use.

Autonomy

Experts note that combination boilers provide complete autonomy. So, you can use main and bottled gas for heating until the system is connected to the central gas supply.

The universal design will keep your home warm if the electricity goes out. Solid fuel units that have structural elements for switching to gas or liquid fuel reduce the complexity of their maintenance process.

If you run out of liquid fuel, you can use a combination boiler to heat your house with wood. If due to bad weather it is not possible to prepare firewood, then using built-in tubular electric heaters you can heat the cottage using electricity. This will prevent the system from defrosting and prevent the inhabitants of the house from freezing.

Technical design features

At the moment of transition from solid fuel to electricity, heaters (heating elements) installed in the heat exchanger tank come into operation. The maximum power consumption can be limited arbitrarily. Full control of this type of heating device is carried out using an automatic system.

Solid fuel and gas

A combination boiler for a private home (labeled TG), which alternately runs on solid fuel and gas, comes in two types: with one and two fireboxes. In a double-circuit boiler, the lower firebox is intended for a gas burner, and the upper, equipped with a chimney, is for firewood.

This option is convenient because with any operating firebox, the entire structure warms up evenly. The control process for universal mixed-type boilers is performed in manual or automatic mode.

Gas and electricity

Combined heating boilers, which are designed to operate on gas or from the electric network, are most in demand in areas where the laying of a gas pipeline is planned in the near future. Thus, you can switch from one heating mode to another at the first opportunity with absolutely no problems.

Gas and liquid energy carriers

Inflatable and diesel devices operate on the same principle, but to change the type of fuel you need to replace the burner. The transition from one energy carrier to another is ensured by the presence of one- or two-stage burners.

Combination boilers include a monoblock with chambers that stand one on top of the other. Gas burners are fan-assisted, which guarantees their uninterrupted operation, despite pressure changes in the gas network. When dismantling is carried out, the burner is inserted into a special hole and secured with screws. Using a union nut, connect the liquid fuel or gas line.

To switch equipment from gas to liquid energy, you must wait until the boiler has cooled down. This procedure will take a few minutes, but no automation can perform it on its own.

What to choose for a private home?

When choosing a combination boiler, you should focus on your own material capabilities and operating conditions. High-quality and productive Russian models that operate on two types of fuel can have a very reasonable price - from 7,800 to 30,000 rubles.

Foreign-made units that combine four types of fuel at once will require 200,000 - 400,000 rubles from the family budget. Before making an expensive purchase, you should consider how appropriate the equipment is for a private home.

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A Autonomous heating is preferable from the point of view of resource saving and ease of use. Owners of houses equipped with boilers can independently decide when to start and end the heating season. The type of heating device is selected depending on the type of energy that will be used. Universal boilers for heating with wood and electricity allow you to use exactly the type of energy carrier that is available at any given time, and also make it possible to fine-tune the boiler.

Combination boiler

Solid fuel boilers with electric heating elements

Solid fuel is not inferior in popularity to gas and electricity. In case of any cataclysms and accidents, such boilers can operate and heat the home, and with the correct calculation of the heating system and high-quality installation, solid fuel boilers turn out to be the most economical. The use of heating elements allows you to maintain the water temperature in the system at a comfortable level, even if the combustion process in the boiler is completed. Heating elements in all types of boilers are installed under the grate in close proximity to the combustion site.

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Wood fired boilers

To use firewood as fuel, the boiler must have characteristic features - front loading and a chamber depth of about 50 cm. The grate of such boilers is made of cast iron, at the bottom there is a ash chamber and an ash chamber. Adjustment of such a boiler occurs in manual or semi-automatic mode and is carried out as follows:

a temperature sensor is installed in the heat exchanger inside the boiler, which records the temperature of the water in the system;
temperature data is transmitted to a thermometer located on the boiler body;
in automatic mode or by manual adjustment, they increase or decrease the air supply to the combustion chamber.

Boilers used for all types of solid fuels

There are boiler models that involve the use of not only firewood, but also other types of fuel - coal, pellets, peat. In this case, additional elements are added to the conventional design for loading and supplying fuel. When burning, wood produces a significantly lower temperature than coal, which is why universal boilers have thicker walls.

Wood-burning boilers with the possibility of connecting a gas burner

Almost any boilers for heating with wood or electricity can be converted to gas. Many manufacturers initially include this possibility by supplying a suitable-sized gas burner with the wood-burning boiler. The reverse conversion is also carried out without problems, simply the panel with the built-in burner is replaced back with the door and the grate is put back in its original place.

Boiler operating procedure

In general, a solid fuel boiler is a compact metal stove equipped with a fuel combustion chamber, a heat exchanger, a smoke exhaust system and a door for regulating the air supply. The built-in electric heating element is located below the grate and is connected if necessary.

When fuel burns, when the temperature of the water in the heat exchanger drops, the heating element heats it up until the solid fuel ignites again. This mode reduces the load on the heating circuits, and in open systems maintains constant circulation. The combustion of solid fuel is a process that cannot be precisely controlled and cannot be stopped automatically, so the operation of such equipment must be stopped at night. The use of electric heating elements allows you to extinguish boilers at night, while maintaining the set temperature. Electrical heating is not used as the main heat source, since this is not beneficial in combined-type boilers; there are other types of equipment for these purposes.

Principles of water circulation

A boiler for heating with wood and electricity heats the water in the system at the moment it passes through the heat exchanger. Heating occurs according to three schemes:

When choosing a boiler, preference should be given to those models that have the largest number of internal pipes; the efficiency of such boilers is always higher. An important parameter is that the inlet diameter of the return pipe must be greater than or equal to the outlet pipe; this configuration also increases the circulation efficiency.

Smoke removal

The removal of combustion products from a solid fuel boiler with electric heating elements must be carried out according to general rules using a metal chimney pipe. The draft efficiency is not affected by which outlet is present on the boiler - rear or top. More expensive models have a special device that equalizes the rate of gas removal. It is a set of special dampers that the smoke bends around when moving upward, while the heat remains inside the boiler and its efficiency increases.

Boilers for individual heating using wood and electricity are selected taking into account the following factors:

the type of fuel available;
data from thermal engineering calculations performed individually for a specific object;
engineering features of the heating system as a whole.

It is possible to draw conclusions about the boiler power only if the data listed above is available, since average recommendations are not always suitable for operating conditions at a particular facility. Solid fuel household boilers with the ability to connect to electricity have a wide power range - from 6 kW to 100 kW, their cost varies from tens and a half to several hundred thousand rubles.