Types of printed products of the printing house. Types of printed products
Read also
Printed products- products of the printing industry. A significant group of printed products consists of various types of printed products (newspapers, magazines, books, posters, sheet music, art reproductions and albums, postcards, geographical and other maps, calendars, children's printed games, etc.).
Another so-called industrial group printed products make up packaging products, labels, accounting and reporting documents, various forms, travel and entertainment tickets, notebooks, printed Christmas decorations, securities, wallpaper, etc.
Printing reproduction is based on the principle of obtaining any quantity using pressure. identical images. The process of obtaining printed products is divided into the following stages: production of the printing form, printing itself (receiving impressions on paper or other material) and finishing of the product.
According to the type of printing form in printing technology, the following main ones are distinguished: technological options: high, deep, flat and screen printing.
Types of printed forms for printing products
A - for letterpress printing; B - for intaglio printing: a - space element; b - printing element
Letterpress characterized by the fact that the printing elements of the form, which must transfer ink to paper or other material, are in relief, rising above the white-space elements that do not transmit the image. Forms of letterpress printing include: typesetting, used to reproduce text, zincography, woodcut (woodcut), linocut (linoleum engraving), intended to reproduce illustrations, as well as stereotypes.
Intaglio printing differs from high in that the printing elements of the form are recessed, and the white spaces lie on the surface. The depth of the printing elements varies. Varieties of intaglio printing are the widespread squeegee intaglio printing, rarely used etching, engraving and other methods that have lost their industrial significance.
Flat printing characterized by the fact that the printing and space elements lie practically in the same plane (without relief). The possibility of printing from such a form is based on various physical and chemical properties printing and space elements, the first of which accept greasy paint well, and the latter, retaining moisture, do not accept greasy paint. Flat printing includes: offset printing, lithography, phototype.
Offset printing (offset)- a printing method in which the image is transferred to paper not directly from the form, as is the case in a printing machine, but through an intermediate elastic rubber shaft.
Lithography— printing from forms made on stone or aluminum.
Screen printing is based on the use of a form with printing elements that allow ink to pass through, and blank elements coated with an insulating material that does not allow ink to pass through. Screen printing includes silk-screen forms in which the printing and space elements are formed on silk fabric (fine mesh) stretched over a frame.
Typographic measures versus metric measures
Letterpress printing is currently most widespread, the main type of printing form of which is typesetting; text in typesetting is reproduced by composing words, phrases, etc. from relief elements - letters, the set of which forms the so-called font. To measure type and typesetting, a typographical system of measures is used, the units of which are a point equal to 0.376 mm and a square equal to 48 points or 18 mm.
Typographic fonts They differ in language (Russian, Latin, Armenian, etc.), sizes, designs and styles. The font size is called pin
; it is determined by the distance between the upper and lower walls of the letter and is measured in points (for example, in point 10, the distance between these walls is 10 points, or 3.76 mm). A set of fonts of the same design, but different sizes and styles, called g fittings
.
Fonts of different sizes (popular in the 50-60s)
Font designs differ in some details, contrast (the ratio of the thicknesses of the main and connecting strokes of letters) and other graphic characteristics. Inside the typefaces, fonts, in addition to sizes, differ in style: upright and italic (oblique); light, bold and bold; normal, narrow and wide. In the USSR in the late fifties and sixties, the range of typographic fonts was determined by GOST 3489-57, which included various typefaces used in different types printed products.
Printing or printing process was invented in the fifteenth century, with every century, decade, and also year this process is improved. Everything changes, from the technology that prints to the paint that is poured. Today, there are numerous types of printing as well as printing all over the world. It will take a lot of time to describe each species, and the information obtained could fill a whole book. This article describes popular types of printing.
Types of printing
The first group of printing includes standard. It produces rolls and sheets. Another name is offset. This printing method involves transferring ink onto the printing plate not directly, but through a cylinder. It is in the middle between material and form. Thanks to, this method The bulk of printed products (packaging, advertising products, books, magazines) are published this way. This type of printing produces very quality products, and is economical when printed a large number of circulations.
The second group of printing includes digital printing, or as it is also called online printing. This is what the online printing house Vizitka.com and most modern printing houses use. This method The print is quite young, and the paint used for printing is significantly different from the previous type. When material is printed in several copies, they may differ from each other. This printing method also differs from the one described above in that the printing itself takes place in a machine. Digital printing uses the following printing:
- inkjet printing;
- electrographic;
- ionography.
Electrographic printing uses special water based toners. The image is obtained thanks to the electrodes that are on special paper. The image appears when the electrodes begin to interact with the paper. When the image is developed, it then begins to take on required colors, thanks to liquid toner. This method is most often used in digital systems.
The ionographic image is created on a special cylindrical shape, which, when interacting with a current pulse, gives a result. A certain amount of electrical impulse forms the paint into a gel. The huge advantage of this type of printing is that it uses ink economically, and the printed images are bright, colorful and saturated.
The advantage of digital printing is that it is much more economical if printed in small quantities. And also fulfills the order for short time what the client most often needs.
The cost of an individual copy with digital printing methods does not depend on the size of the circulation, and producing small volumes is cost-effective.
In this article we will briefly explain what printing is. From the ancient Greek “printing” is translated as “I write a lot.” IN modern understanding, printing - multiple reproduction (printing) of graphics and text and directly the industry that produces printed products: business, advertising, packaging/label, book and magazine editions of various volumes.
A printing house is an enterprise that prepares, prints and finishes printed products.
A modern printing enterprise is an organic fusion of the industrial process of reproducing printed products, creative process(design development of printed products, etc.), post-printing processing (lamination, embossing, perforation, stitching, sewing, binding) for full-color, operational printing.
The main printing methods include:
Offset printing
Offset is a classic printing method, popular in modern printing. Provides good quality printed products, high detail and halftone rendering. It operates primarily in large circulations and is used in the production of full-color newspapers, brochures, glossy magazines, booklets, and representative advertising products.
Silkscreen printing
Silk-screen printing (in the classical sense) is a technique of transferring an image through a silk mesh stretched over a frame. Today, instead of silk, the uniform material is usually nylon (polyamide), polyester monofilament, or metal mesh.
The formation of gap elements is carried out photochemically directly on the mesh. Textiles, all kinds of metals, polyvinyl chloride, paper are used as printed materials. various densities and types, various plastics, leather, glass, rubber, ceramics and many others.
The silk screen printing method is used to produce all kinds of plastic/payment cards, advertising brochures, stickers/labels, illustrated catalogues, business cards, documentation forms and other types of business and advertising printed products. Using silk-screen printing, images are applied to plastic bags, T-shirts, etc.
Digital printing
With digital printing, printed products are produced using the so-called. “digital” equipment (printers, MFPs, etc.) that deals directly with text/graphics from electronic files, rather than from “physical” printed forms. Conventionally divided into wide-format and sheet-fed digital printing.
Large format printing
offset printing machine
Large-format – a popular method of producing indoor (interior) and outdoor advertising inkjet printing. Print sizes sometimes reach: width – five meters, length – tens of meters. Sheet-fed – digital printing in one, several colors or black, used for the production of large quantities of all kinds of promotional materials: business cards, advertising brochures, media cards, leaflets, etc.
Digital printing has undeniable advantages: no need for large production areas, no difficulties with electricity (a “standard” household electrical network can be used), it is possible to print small runs of advertising products and documentation without significant pre-press costs.
The disadvantages of digital printing include: lower ink durability and poorer print quality compared to the offset method, and the rather high cost of printed products.
Printed products of a modern printing enterprise:
- POS products: various shelf talkers, dispensers, price tags, mobile phones for retail outlets.
- Advertising and information printed products: leaflets, colorful booklets, media cards, posters, flyers, catalogues, printed products for exhibitions.
- Packaging materials, containers.
- Book and magazine printed products.
- All kinds of calendars: desktop, pocket, wall, corporate (with branding).
- Office printing: business cards, notepads.
What is folding, layout and creasing in printing?
We will briefly answer frequently asked questions.
What is folding in printing? When you fold a piece of paper, you are folding it. This is folding. Only on an industrial scale will this work be automated. In large enterprises this is folded using machines, in small enterprises it is folded using manual machines.
What is creasing in printing? Creasing is the application of a groove on cardboard that helps the sheet of material bend easily. Take, for example, a thick sheet of cardboard and try to bend it. The edges of the fold will be uneven, and the cardboard may crack in these places. And if you bend along the previously made groove, everything will be fine. Creasing is used in the production of postcards, thin books and brochures.
What is layout in printing? In a book or magazine, the text is in one place, the images in another. In addition, there are also page numbers, section names, and indents between text and pictures. The process of arranging all the elements of a printed publication is called layout. This is done at the pre-press stage.
What is embossing in printing?
We often see on book covers or postcards that flat surface, there are images or text crowded out. You can even feel them with your fingers when closed eyes. This element is called embossing. Sometimes they do embossing with a hologram or foil (gold, silver).
What is a pontoon in printing?
In order not to repeat ourselves, we refer you to the article, where everything is described in detail about.
Now you know what printing is, we have told you everything about printing that you need to know for the first time.
Leaflet it is not stored for a long time - a person, having read it and not receiving information of interest from it, simply throws it into the trash, and remembering the contents in the future can no longer use it.
Well-executed design and high-quality leaflet printing - necessary condition to interest potential client goods (services) on the market under tough conditions competition.
Typography from A to Z prints leaflets Flyer printing It can be full-color, single-sided or double-sided, at the Customer’s request in any formula (4+4, 5+5, 6+6, etc.). In terms of post-printing processing, we can offer lamination, varnish, die-cutting, creasing, etc.
Posters
Along with other means of printed information poster- a very necessary thing, as you can see by looking at the number of posters inside buildings and on the streets of any city.
Printing house from A to Z prints posters in B1 format. Print color - from 1+0 to 6+0 and higher. Circulation - from 100 copies. up to 1 million copies and more. Of the post-press processing, the most popular in manufacturing posters use varnish (protective and UV), lamination.
Booklets
Booklet is a leaflet that is folded into one or more folds.
Typography from A to Z prints booklets formats up to B1 with circulations from 100 pcs. up to 10 million or more. The range of coated and offset papers and cardboards used for leaflets is from 60 g/m2. up to 350 g/m sq. Booklet printing It can be full-color, single-sided or double-sided, at the Customer’s request in any formula (4+4, 5+5, 6+6, etc.). From post-press processing printing house can offer lamination, varnish, die cutting, creasing, etc.. The latest folding equipment of Printing House from A to Z allows you to limit the number of folds of your booklet only your imagination and common sense.
Brochures
Brochure is a printed non-periodical publication, which is characterized by a relatively small number of pages (from 8 to 48), held together with a paper clip or glue.
Brochure It is successfully published in both small and large editions (more than 1 million copies). Brochure accommodates disproportionately large quantity data than leaflet or booklet, and generally has a longer service life for the end user. There is a possibility that the potential customer will not immediately throw it into the trash bin, but will save it for some time and, as a result, may use the information from brochures.
Well laid out and high quality printed brochure has every chance of settling on a bookshelf for a long time potential customer Your goods (services).
Catalogs
Catalog- a printed medium of information that tells about the list of products (services) produced, the history of the creation and development of the enterprise, the advantages and distinctive features of this or that product, etc.
Design and quality performance catalog- this is the presentation of your product in a favorable light to your final potential consumer. Usually, catalog contains detailed description product, high-quality illustrative materials, technical information.
Catalogs it prints Typography from A to Z , differ in quality printing and a variety of post-press processing. This includes lamination with matte and glossy films, complete and selective UV varnishing, die-cutting, embossing, tracing paper inserts, eyelets, bookmarks, etc.
Depending on the client's needs printing house prints catalogs circulations from 100 copies. up to 100 thousand copies. formats from A6 to A3, fastened with a staple, spring or thermal binder.
Magazines
Magazine is a periodical. Is it possible today to imagine our life without magazines? These are all aspects of our lives: hobbies, hobbies, science, sports, politics... there is no area to which at least dozens of different ones are not dedicated in Ukraine magazines.
Weekly magazine, monthly magazine, magazine with a release frequency of twice a month, three times a year, etc. - that’s far from full list frequency of release magazines in Ukraine, in a word, everything depends on your imagination, inspiration, economic feasibility and common sense.
Subjects magazines can be very diverse:
Scientific and journalistic magazines;
Entertainment magazines;
Industry magazines;
Political magazines;
Literary and artistic magazines;
Production and technical magazines;
Sports magazines and etc.
Typography from A to Z prints quite a lot magazines on a wide variety of topics and with varying frequency, volume and circulation. Usually, magazines come in A5-A4 format, per block magazine The paper is 80-90 g/m2, the cover is 200 g/m2. - bright glossy, magazine binding - thermal binder. But it all depends on the specific order. Also printing house can offer fastening to a staple, paper per block from 70 to 170 g/m2, paper per cover - up to 350 g/m2. Popular post-printing treatments include lamination of the cover with glossy and matte films, continuous or selective UV varnish, gold embossing on the cover, etc. Circulations magazines, which prints printing house, - from 300 copies. up to 50 thousand copies
Books
Book- this is our everything. From birth we deal with children's books, with growing up - with school textbooks, manuals, reference books, and in the end, just reading is a human skill on a par with breathing, drinking, eating, loving.
The stickers are quite different: this sticker on products in the form of a label, sticker any technical information on the surface of the product (or its packaging), stickers in the form of pointers, stickers in the form of leaflets and much more. Stickers, usually printed on self-adhesive paper (Raflatac). Printing house from A to Z provides a service printing full color stickers formats up to B1 (70x100 cm). Cutting complex installed in production printing houses allows you to cut stickers with an accuracy of up to 0.03mm, which is extremely important when using stickers as a self-adhesive label.
Printing is an area of human activity and industry in which different kinds printed products. And wherever we are, there will be printing and printing material to one degree or another.
According to the method of application, all printing products are divided into: business printing, book and magazine printing, advertising printing and calendars.
TO business The industry includes various folders, business cards, envelopes - everything that companies can use to organize and simplify their work, as well as for representation and advertising purposes.
Book and magazine printing includes all printed products in the form of books (of any genres and directions) and magazines. Advertising Printing is one of the most numerous industries. It includes everything that can be used as an advertising medium. These are familiar leaflets, playbills, posters... But since it is human nature to lose interest in monotony, specialists in the advertising field have to constantly come up with new concepts, implementations and design solutions to re-attract potential clients.
And the last industry - calendars. Despite the fact that this industry seems to be the simplest and most monotonous, it is not so. There is currently a huge list different types calendars (by theme and design): pocket calendars, sheet calendars, quarterly calendars, desk calendars, exclusive calendars (by shape or decoration): house calendars, “image” calendars, and so on.
In terms of technical performance, we can distinguish the following types printing products: forms, labels, leaflets, labels, booklets, envelopes, brochures, notepads, folders, calendars, business cards. Each of the listed types of products has its own task and is effective in performing certain functions, but many of them also overlap in the previously mentioned methods of application.
Except standard types seals also exist special types printing, such as stereo printing And aromatic printing. With the help of stereo effects, a person is given the opportunity to see a multi-angle or 3D effect on printed products. And with the help of aromatic printing techniques, the result is scented printed products (both permanent and those that reveal their scent at a certain moment).
We should also not forget about post-printing processing of products, such as stitching, foiling, rounding corners, laminating and others.
There is an opinion that over time all printed products will be replaced by electronic ones. And all the information that can be read will be posted on the Internet, since it is less expensive and available on any convenient device at any convenient time.
Based on the processes taking place today, it can be assumed that, to a certain extent, this forecast is correct, and in the future, indeed, most of the printing products will go online, but it is unlikely that humanity will completely abandon printed products. Indeed, for many, the material (physical) basis of printing is no less important than the content. Perhaps humanity will come to a compromise and future publishing houses will work with both types of printed products.
As we have seen, working with printing products It is very multifaceted and interesting, and also requires certain knowledge and skills. That is why it is so important for future specialists to receive a decent higher education in your area. Kharkov University radio electronics is one of best universities teaching printing (specialty