Ventilation valve for sewerage - purpose and principle of operation. Installing an aerator - an air valve for sewerage How a valve works on a sewer riser

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The ventilation pipe of the sewer system is necessary to draw air into the area of ​​vacuum created when the liquid is drained. It removes unpleasant odors from the house. An air valve for sewerage, which has many operational advantages, can replace the vent riser. It is installed indoors, which eliminates icing, and the working mechanism only for air suction will prevent unpleasant odors from escaping from the system.

Device, design and operation of the valve

Working mechanisms and appearance Different aerators have slight differences, but their general design is the same.

The valve consists of:

1. The body and the top removable cap are made of PVC material. The cover is firmly connected to the body and is necessary for servicing the working mechanism.
2. There is a hole on the side. Air is sucked through it into the sewer system.
3. The operating mechanism can be made of a rod with a valve or a membrane. Regardless of design, it operates in one direction.

The main purpose of the aerator is to compensate for the pressure inside the pipeline and prevent unpleasant odors from escaping from the sewer into the room. Using household appliances which drain a lot of water during operation, the load on the sewer system increases. Siphon and fan boner it is no longer enough, this is where the air valve comes to the rescue.

As long as water does not drain into the sewer pipe, the mechanism is in its original state of rest. The pressed membrane or valve tightly closes the aerator, preventing unpleasant odors from escaping from the system into the room. The movement of liquid through pipes during draining changes internal pressure, creating a vacuum. This triggers the mechanism.

The valve opens slightly and suction occurs clean air through side hole from the room into the system. The air pressure inside the system equals atmospheric pressure closes the valve, returning the mechanism to rest mode.

As you can see, the aerator works on the principle of a siphon, only the latter is not able to withstand strong air shocks, which leads to the breakdown of the water lock. Often this picture is observed when flushing a full toilet tank. A high pressure drop breaks the water seal of the siphon located next to the washbasin.

If we talk about the operation of the air valve, the difference in atmospheric pressure prevents dirty air from the system from penetrating into the room through open valve during its operation. According to the laws of physics, the movement of air masses from the zone low pressure into the high zone – impossible.

Existing types

The operating principle of all aerators is the same, but they internal organization, sizes and appearance may vary.

Size difference

Air valves produce different sizes. The most popular devices for home sewage systems are those with a diameter of 110 mm and 50 mm.

The size of the aerator affects the location of its installation:

1. A product with a diameter of 110 mm is installed on a sewer riser leading inward from the building attic space. Alternatively, a 110 mm valve can be mounted on an additional riser inside the bathroom, provided that a second aerator with a diameter of 110 mm will be installed in the attic.
2. A valve with a diameter of 50 mm is capable of servicing one or two plumbing fixtures and is installed on a sewer pipe directly next to them. Installation of a 50 mm aerator is required when changing a pipe from one diameter to another or when long length horizontal pipeline. In the latter case, the correct slope must be maintained, otherwise the operation of the aerator will be impossible.

The choice of installation location also determines the type of product, or, more precisely, the functionality of its mechanism.

Difference by type

In addition to sizes, aerators come in different modifications. This must be taken into account not only when choosing a product, but also during installation.

Features of the valve mechanism operation divide the product into the following types:

Aerators can work with horizontal and vertical pipelines, which must be taken into account when choosing the appropriate model.

Difference in mechanism design

Depending on the working mechanism, air intake products are divided into several types:

1. The receiving type of mechanism operates on a horizontal pipeline. If there is pumping equipment, then a vacuum aerator is placed in front of the pump. Thanks to the built-in filter, solid fractions that cause harm to pipes are retained.
2. The wafer design is classified as a primitive type. The valve is mounted between the two ends of a cut pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. Due to the flanges, the tightness of the connection is achieved.
3. A valve designed for installation in horizontal pipelines with a diameter of 50 mm is equipped with a ball mechanism. The name of the mechanism comes from the ball valve located inside the case.

Aerators equipped with a rotary or petal mechanism are not installed on sewer risers with a large pipe diameter. This is due to weak spool valves, which often break.

IMPORTANT! Regardless of the design and installation location, air valves must not be installed on an incline or horizontally.

Installation features that need to be taken into account when installing the product

When choosing a place to install the aerator, you need to take into account the year-round indoor air temperature. It should always be positive. The end of the riser with the valve must rise 150 mm above the highest entry point of the pipe extending from any plumbing fixture. If there is a grating on the floor indoors, the product rises 350 mm above it.

When choosing an installation location, it is necessary to provide free access. Over time, the mechanism will require revision or repair. It is important to pay attention to the designations bandwidth air indicated on the housing and take care of hermetically sealed connection products with a pipe.

Self-installation of the valve

If you have to install an air valve for the sewer system in an apartment, you must turn off the water supply and warn your neighbors to avoid flooding the room with sewage. In a private home, such problems, as a rule, do not arise.

The installation process is simple and does not require special skills. On a riser, the aerator is simply installed vertically into the pipe hole. For tightness, rubber sealing rings are used. To make it easier for the product to move along the seals, they are lubricated with silicone.

On horizontal pipelines, the valve is placed at the highest point. Here you may need a tee for insertion. Its side outlets are connected to the two edges of the cut pipe, and on average output The aerator is mounted vertically. When installing the product at the entrance of a horizontal pipeline near plumbing equipment, the valve is placed along the arrow on the body, indicating the direction of fluid movement.

The aerator is not equipment for mandatory installation, but it brings great benefits. If you are not sure about the need to install the product, it is better to seek advice from specialists.

With a properly functioning system, the smell of the sewer does not enter the apartments, since the water in the bend of the siphon interferes with the movement of sewer gases. This phenomenon is called water lock. But if the water seal breaks, the pressure will change sharply, push out the water, and gases will penetrate into the room.

Air valve is a device that neutralizes possible pressure drops in pipes. For it to work properly, you need to select suitable model under the main riser and install it correctly.

IN multi-storey buildings the riser is brought to the roof - this is considered verified and simple method ventilation. However, the installation of pipes is often done incorrectly, and the system does not fulfill its tasks: gases accumulating in the sewer system do not escape outside, but enter the living space.

Returning along the riser, they disrupt the pressure level in the pipes, while strange sounds are heard in the rooms, and when the water seal breaks, a putrid smell of hydrogen sulfide appears. In the worst case, siphons break and foul-smelling slurry rushes out.

Note! Sewage gases are dangerous to human health because they contain methane, bacteria, fungal spores and various microorganisms.

And the air valve, which is correctly called an aerator, creates a barrier that prevents sewer gases from entering the apartment. When the pressure in the pipes increases, the valve blocks the system, and when the pressure decreases, it automatically removes the valve.

It neutralizes violent processes in the pipeline and protects apartments from sewer odors, dirty wastewater, and also removes strange sounds.

Operating principle

To understand the principle of operation of the aerator, you need to know its structure. Air valves, differing in the fastening mechanism, have the same design:

• the case is made of hard polymers, sealed, the top cover is removable so that the device can be inspected and cleaned, there is a rubber gasket for a tight fit of the cover;
• an inlet on the housing through which air is supplied;
• a valve equipped with an opening and closing mechanism - a membrane or a single-acting rod.

Hello dear reader! Nowadays, few people are satisfied with a house without amenities, where there is no bathroom or toilet. However, if the plumbing is installed incorrectly, normal air exchange in the room may be disrupted and sewer gases, consisting of substances harmful to human health, may penetrate into it. To solve this problem on the riser and near plumbing fixtures.

Water valves in siphons are a barrier to odor from the sewer system. plumbing fixtures. But when a large amount of water is suddenly drained, the pressure in the pipes decreases and water is sucked out of the siphons. At this moment there are no longer any obstacles to the penetration of the smell and it can freely penetrate into the room. The causes of the odor may also be small size siphons or prolonged downtime of plumbing, leading to evaporation of water in the siphons.

Sewer ventilation in the form of fan pipe or air valve. The air entering through them equalizes the internal pressure in the pipeline with atmospheric pressure. Under such conditions, gases are not forced out through siphons, but move further through pipes into a collector system or septic tank.

Why do you need a valve for a sewer riser?

The vent valve in the drainage system performs the following functions:

• minimizes the threat of wastewater flowing in the opposite direction;
• reduces the noise level in the sewer;
• protects the room from flooding during breaks in the system;
• does not allow foul odor to enter the room in case of long downtime sewer system;
• minimizes the threat of rodents entering the building through sewer lines.

Design and principle of operation of the fan valve

The air valve device includes:

• plastic case with a side hole;
• a cover that can be removed to clean the device or carry out repair work;
• rubber membrane or rod;
• a sealing gasket designed to seal the structure and limit the stroke of the rod.

The operating principle of the device is as follows:

• if the pressure in the riser is equal to atmospheric or slightly exceeds it, the valve is closed and does not allow gases from the sewer to pass into the room;
• when draining water from plumbing fixtures, a vacuum occurs inside the pipeline, resulting in the displacement of the rod (membrane) and the opening of the fixture;
• air enters through the valve, which equalizes the pressure. The rod begins to move in the opposite direction and closes the valve.

Based on their operating principle, air valves are divided into three types:

• automatic - used mainly for installation in small private houses, as they are not able to withstand strong water pressure and a significant volume of air. Works only to relieve accumulated air;
• kinetic (anti-vacuum) - designed for the release or intake of air in systems with low level pressure;
• combined - combine all the best technological capabilities of the two previous devices.

Since the sewer main has vertical and horizontal sections, for each of them it is selected ventilation valve With different designs working mechanism:

• ball aerator. The valve part has the shape of a ball, which is pressed against the bleed hole using a spring. Used for installation on horizontally located sections of small-diameter pipes at the connection point of plumbing fixtures;
• receiving model. The design of the device includes a filter designed to capture solid particles from wastewater and prevent them from passing further into the sewer system. Available with a diameter of 20 cm and used for installation in front of the pump of a horizontal pipeline line;
• Wafer aerator. This is a compact and lightweight device that can be placed both on a vertical riser and on a horizontal pipeline line. Depending on the design of the body, it can be through (the flow of water passes through it without changing its direction) and angular (when passing through the valve, the flow of the transported medium changes direction by 90º). Modifications with a plate-shaped locking organ have a diameter from 1.5 to 20 cm. The diameter of bivalve models ranges from 5 to 70 cm;
• check valve equipped with a rotary or petal mechanism. It has a shut-off element in the form of a spool, which, when the pressure in the system drops, is pressed tightly against the seat. Aerators large diameter can quickly break due to strong blows spool on the surface of the seat. Further operation such a damaged device can lead to water hammer in the system. To reduce the impact of impact, valves of large diameters are equipped with a damper.

The valves differ in the method of fastening:

• for welding. It is used in systems transporting particularly aggressive media of industrial enterprises;
• coupling - threaded couplings are used for fastening;
• flanged - the vacuum valve is clamped between flanges installed at the ends of the pipes;
• flanged with sealing gaskets.

Advantages and disadvantages

Installing an air valve in your drainage system provides many benefits, including:

• savings Money that will be required for work on removing the drain pipe through the roof;
• the ability to prevent the penetration of sewer gases into rooms in the presence of an unventilated riser.

The disadvantages of the fan valve include:

• the possibility of the water seal drying out, as a result of which unpleasant odors may enter the house;
• rapid wear rubber seals, the consequence of which may be loss of tightness;
• the difficulty of choosing a place to install the product, since achieving a more complete fit is only possible with sockets;
• necessity regular maintenance devices and replacement of worn parts.

Technical characteristics, diameters and manufacturers

The sewer aerator model is selected according to its main technical characteristics:

• diameter - 50, 75, 110 mm;
• throughput - from 7 to 37 l/s (at the rate of 25 l/s per 1 liter of water).

The Russian market for sewerage systems offers products from manufacturers from different countries:

• Austria - the most expensive devices from HL;
• Great Britain - products from medium price segment from McAlpine;
• Russia - inexpensive devices from Politek and Sinicon;
• Ukraine - products from the cheap segment of the Europlast enterprise.

Prices and where to buy

The table below contains current offers for today.

How to choose the right valve?

When choosing an air valve for sewerage, they are guided by the location of the pipe (vertical or horizontal) in the place where it is planned to be installed. The device must comply nominal pressure in the network, have appropriate installation dimensions.

You also need to consider:

• how the aerator will be attached;
• strength of the material, its anti-corrosion properties;
• opportunity manual adjustment, in case of mechanism failure;
• availability of protection for rodents.

Where and how to install the valve correctly?

When installing the valve, it is necessary to follow a number of rules that will allow it to fulfill its purpose as efficiently as possible, namely:

1. Aerators may only be installed in rooms with constant heating.
2. The device should be placed in a place where there is easy access to avoid problems with future maintenance.
3. If there is a grate in the floor of the room, then the distance from the floor level to the device must be at least 35 cm.
4. Installation of the automatic valve must be carried out at a point in the system that is 10 cm higher maximum level drain into the main riser to prevent clogging of the aerator with waste and feces passing through the system.
5. The device must be installed in vertical position directly in the socket of a straight line of the sewerage pipeline at a distance of at least 0.2 m to the nearest siphon.

Possible locations for installing the device

Aerators of modern design can be installed:

• into a vertical riser with an exit through the roof;
• aerator models cylindrical with a lid placed on the drain pipe, simple valves are suitable for individual plumbing fixtures: toilet, sink, bathtub or washbasin;
• devices with a diameter of 50 mm are mounted on long horizontal pipes or on lines with a transition of sections of one diameter to another. Maintaining a slope when installing pipelines will promote the natural flow of wastewater and prevent the occurrence of stagnation and foul odor;
• devices with a diameter of 110 mm are mainly installed on a drain pipe; installation on an auxiliary riser is possible.

Installation stages step by step

Installing the device is quite simple, it can be done independently according to the following scheme:

• determine the installation location;
• disconnect the pipeline section from the operating system;
• cut a piece of pipe in the riser to the size of the device;
• clean the edges from nicks;
• install into socket sealing ring. If a threaded type of connection is used, then a gasket is not needed;
• secure the valve to the pipe;
• perform a test run of water to check the operation of the mechanism.

Sewage gases not only smell bad, but can also cause significant harm to health. Aerators will help block the penetration of these harmful substances into the apartment and prevent poisoning of residents. Subscribe to our channel and share useful ideas in social networks.

Vacuum valve for sewerage is designed to stabilize the pressure inside sewer pipes. Installing the device will help avoid flooding of the living space wastewater and the spread of unpleasant odors. Usually this problem is dealt with, but their installation is fraught with a number of difficulties. The pipe needs to be routed through the roof, which breaks its tightness. In addition, fan pipes should not be located near windows and balconies. The aerator is installed directly indoors. Read on to learn how to select and install a vacuum valve yourself.

Design and principle of operation of the aerator

The design of the vacuum valve is quite simple. The aerator consists of the following elements:

1. equipment housing;
2. a special hole designed to allow air to pass into the device body;
3. stock. This item responds to the occurrence of a pressure difference within the sewer network;
4. gasket made of rubber. The gasket ensures smooth movement of the rod and helps limit its movement;
5. a cover designed to protect the internal elements of the valve from dust and other contaminants.

How the device works

Let's figure out how the vacuum valve works. When draining water in the sewer system, a pressure difference occurs, which leads to noise. The aerator automatically opens the lid and provides the air flow required to stabilize the pressure. When there is no longer a need for additional air, the lid of the device is closed, which prevents odors from entering the room.

You can learn more about the operation of the vacuum valve by watching the video.

The operating principle of the vacuum valve determines the situations in which installation of the equipment is required. An aerator is necessary if:

• when constructing the house, no drainage pipe was provided to ensure sufficient ventilation of the sewer system;
• for some reason it is not possible to remove the ventilation pipe through the roof.

In most cases, a vacuum valve is installed in suburban single- or two-story houses. In urban apartment buildings installation may be required for residents of the first floors as additional equipment to protect the premises.

Vacuum valve selection

When choosing an aerator, you should be guided by three main factors:

1. Diameter of the sewer pipe. Depending on this parameter, the following are produced:
   • vacuum valve 110 mm;

• vacuum valve 50 mm.

Large-diameter valves are installed on sewer risers, and small ones on branches from the common riser. Aerators with a diameter of 50 mm can cope with wastewater from no more than 2 plumbing fixtures.

1. Design features of the device. Depending on the internal structure provided by the manufacturer, fan valve vacuum can be equipped with:

• a rod (the design of the device is shown in the figure above);
• rubber membrane performing the same functions.

1. A manufacturing company that guarantees the quality of its products. Experts recommend purchasing an aerator made by one of the following companies:

• Ostendorf (Germany). The cost of products varies between 600-1000 rubles ($8-14);
• Politek (Russia) – from 200 rubles ($3);
• Sanit (Germany). The average cost is 400-800 rubles (6-12 $);
• Polytron (Russia) – from 150 rubles ($2);
• McAlpine (Scotland) cost more than 1,500 rubles ($21).

All manufactured valves may vary in shape and color. It is recommended to choose the device that most optimally combines with other devices in the room.

Installation of vacuum valves

Installation of a vacuum valve is carried out in several stages:

1. choosing a location to install the device;
2. leak test
3. installation of the device.

Selecting a location

• above the place where plumbing fixtures are connected to the sewer. In this case, the aerator can perform its functions as accurately and quickly as possible;

• in rooms equipped with excellent ventilation. In a private home, the device can be installed in a well-ventilated attic. In apartments, aerators are installed directly in the bathroom or toilet room, and the room is additionally equipped with an exhaust hood;
• the air temperature in the room where the vacuum valve is installed should not fall below 0ºC. A lower temperature can damage the device or completely stop its operation;
• in a vertical position. If there is no area on the pipe recommended for installing the valve, then a special elbow is inserted, which is an adapter;

• If there is a drain on the floor in the bathroom or toilet, then the devices must be installed as high as possible. The minimum distance from the floor to the valve is 35 cm.

There must always be quick access to the valve, which is required for forced activation of the device and periodic maintenance, which consists of timely cleaning of the equipment.

Leak test

• the device is filled with air and treated with soap. If there is a crack in the device body or other leaky component, air bubbles will appear on the surface. You can fill the device with air using any pump, for example, a bicycle pump;
• Instead of soap, the valve can be placed in water. If the device is not sealed, air bubbles will appear on the surface of the water;
• fill the valve with water. If there are leaky connections or cracks in the device body, water will leak out.

Typically, valves are tested for leaks in the factory after the device has been manufactured.

Valve installation

After the device has been checked for leaks, you can begin installing the valve.

The valve installation, depending on the design of the device, is carried out:

1. with help threaded connection. A thread is cut on the valve and the prepared section of the pipe, which is subsequently treated with sealant to prevent leakage of the connection;
2. into the socket, that is, when installing the device, a special rubber cuff is used to seal the joint and connect the device to the sewer pipe.

Installation in a socket is simpler and quite airtight.

The valve is installed according to the following diagram:

1. the water supply to the apartment or country house is turned off;
2. If suitable site there is no pipeline, then a special adapter is produced, presented above;
3. the vacuum valve is installed using the selected method;
4. The tightness of the joint between the equipment and the sewer pipe is checked.

Vacuum valve allows you to solve a large number of problems related to sewerage. Most often, the device is installed in small private houses, where installing a vent riser is not possible. When choosing an aerator, you need to pay attention to a number of factors.

A house that is not equipped with amenities will suit few people today. Each living space must be equipped with both water and sanitary facilities, which certainly leads to the direct provision of a full-fledged sewer system. At the stage of deciding, designing and purchasing ventilation components, it is necessary to carefully consider systems for ensuring decent ventilation, which can only be provided by a modern air valve for sewerage.

Why is an aerator needed?

Aerator is correct name those devices that are purchased as vacuum valves or sewer air valves. The main task When installing such devices in a central or apartment, it is possible to eliminate the resulting gases, unpleasant odors, and the ability to compensate for pressure in the general system.

During the construction of buildings, one of the standard solutions to ventilation problems, for many years now, is to bring the riser to the roof. If suddenly, after some time, such an exhaust hood becomes insufficient, then unwanted metamorphoses begin to appear in the room: unpleasant sewer odors, fountains flowing from siphons.

The main purpose of the aerator is for internal sewerage is to prevent various types of gases from entering the room through the use of a barrier.

At a time when the pressure in the riser is discharged, the aerator removes the barrier. It follows that installing an aerator is necessary to maintain pressure in the sewer pipes.

The operation of such an installation occurs only at a time when ventilation system A violent gas reaction occurs and ends when the processes normalize. This way it prevents the appearance of unpleasant odors from common system and splashes of dirty sewage water.

Types of valves

Today, among the variety of external design and color palette air valves are divided into 3 types:

• Kinetic valve. Kinetic, otherwise called anti-vacuum. This device operates only at low pressure. The main purpose of the valve is to exclude large volumes of air while the system is filled with liquid or air during emptying of the pipeline.

• Automatic valve. The main task automatic device is the removal of accumulated air from the pipeline system, which is under pressure. The power of the automatic valve is not designed to withstand higher pressures and volumes of air. It may be enough to provide only one private home.

• Combination valve. The operation of such devices is based on combining the functions of kinetic and automatic valves.

Principle of operation

To fully understand the processes occurring inside the device, it is necessary to understand in detail the principle of its operation. So, let's look at the operating sequence of the automatic device.

1. When water is drained into the general sewer system, a vacuum is created inside it. That is, the pressure in the system becomes less than atmospheric.
2. As a result of the resulting pressure difference, the air valve rod rises, that is, the membrane opens slightly.
3. At this time, the system penetrates through the side hole. required amount air.
4. When the pressure normalizes (comparison with atmospheric pressure), then the rod lowers onto the seat.

Installation

For correct installation device, you can use the services of a specialist or carry out this simple procedure yourself. For high-quality installation For such a device, you must adhere to some rules:

1. An air valve for sewage can only be installed in rooms where the temperature does not drop below zero.
2. The selected location for mounting the device must be open to allow subsequent inspection.
3. The valve of the device must be inserted directly into the pipe socket in a straight vertical section, using a vertical rubber O-ring.
4. The automatic air valve must be installed more than 10 cm from the point of highest drainage in general sewer riser.
5. In rooms where there is a built-in floor grate, the air valve is installed at a height of more than 35 cm from the floor.

Compliance with such minimum distances will help prevent possible contamination of the device itself from household waste and fecal matter.

Where can I install the aerator?

A modern air valve can be installed in the bathroom, toilet or vertical riser of the sewer system, the outlet of which is often located in the attic.

Modern aerators differ in design and, accordingly, in possible installation location.

Regular vacuum devices often mounted on a bathtub, sink or washbasin. In such aerators, to prevent the reverse movement of water in the shower or sink, a balloon, creating pressure on the ceiling membrane. Thus, the access of water on the way back to the sink is blocked.

For the fan pipe, it is advisable to install a cylindrical shut-off structure with a lid. The operation of such an installation is carried out only under the pressure of water pressure.

How to install the device correctly?

To install the valve correctly, first of all, it is necessary to make a rational selection of a device that meets the requirements of the system:

1. The valve structure must be made of durable materials, but which cannot be exposed to chemical or other aggressive environments.
2. The design includes a high-quality valve to prevent backflows and foreign odors.
3. It is possible to adjust the operation of the mechanism manually in case of emergency situations.
4. A modern system can serve as an obstacle to rodents entering the premises.

Mount modern design the valve does not require much effort. However, before starting work, it is necessary to turn off the water supply throughout the riser. Next, dismantle part of the pipe and install the mechanism according to the instructions supplied with the device.

Important! The valve of the device will not work if the inlet pipe and the socket are swapped.

Installed valve on horizontal pipe it is necessary to install it so that the arrow-shaped indicator completely coincides with the direction of the sewer flow.

Where do valves need to be installed?

1. For high-rise buildings connected to wastewater treatment plants.
2. For the area where sewage is discharged.
3. If sewer system connected to sanitary installations.
4. For systems in which connection is only possible in a horizontal position.

By installing a sewer air valve in a house or apartment, the owner will forever forget about unpleasant odors from sewer pipes. Installing such equipment allows not only to solve the problem of foreign odors, but also to significantly save money on installing an external general ventilation riser.