Vedeno Church. Vvedenskaya Church in Kashira. Temple built in Barashevskaya Sloboda
In the Basmanny district of the capital, on the corner of Podsosensky and Barashevsky lanes, there is the ancient Church of the Vvedenskaya, photos of which are presented in the article. Built and consecrated in honor of a memorable evangelical event - Introduction to the Temple Holy Mother of God, it has been inextricably linked with the life of Moscow and all of Russia for almost three and a half centuries.
Temple built in Barashevskaya Sloboda
There is reliable information about the temple, which was the predecessor of the present Vvedenskaya Church. A number of historical documents allow us to conclude that it was built and consecrated in 1647. In addition, it is known that in the mid-60s there was a Primary School, opened at his own expense by priest I. Fokin. It was located in Barashevskaya Sloboda exactly on the spot where the church about which is now located we're talking about in our article, and, therefore, was its predecessor.
In passing, we note that the settlement received its name from old word“barashi”, which designated the royal servants who were in charge of the manufacture, storage and installation of his tents. They also performed the duties of army quartermasters and, due to their large numbers, settled in a separate settlement. In addition to the Holy Vvedensky Church, another one was erected nearby - the Resurrection Church, which is also mentioned in documents of that era.
Construction and consecration of the existing church
In 1688, by order of Tsar Ivan V Alekseevich, preparations began for the construction of a new building for the Vvedensky Church. Economic documents have survived to this day, indicating that 100 thousand baked bricks were made for the construction of its walls, and many other materials needed for the project were also prepared.
Work on the construction of walls and roofs continued for a whole decade, and in 1698, that is, already during the reign of his half-brother, Emperor Peter I, the chapel of St. Longinus the Centurion, considered the patron saint of the reigning house, was solemnly consecrated. Another year later, the chapel of Elijah the Prophet was consecrated. The final decoration of the entire building was completed on October 11, 1701.
Architectural features of the temple
According to art historians, the Vvedenskaya Church, built in Moscow, is a striking example of the style that is commonly called Moscow Baroque. This is evidenced, in particular, by the abundance and nature of decorations used in exterior decoration building. The creators of the temple decorated it with decorative kokoshniks crowning the walls, picturesque groups of columns located in the corners of the main quadrangle, as well as lush and very elegant window frames.
They did not skimp on creating a huge number small parts, harmoniously fitting into the overall appearance of the building. It is known that in connection with Peter I’s temporary ban on the use of iron in roofing works The roof of the Vvedenskaya Church had a special covering made of colored tiles and white stone, which gave it a festive look. By 1770, it had become quite dilapidated, and since the ban had been lifted by that time, it was replaced by the usual sheet iron.
Fire of 1737 and subsequent restoration work
One of the first disasters experienced by the temple was a fire that engulfed it in 1737 and caused significant damage to both the walls of the building and its interior decoration. During restoration work, which lasted for several years, was added to the overall architectural composition new element, which became a multi-tiered bell tower, which has survived to this day without significant changes. It is characteristic that their appearance it is close to the bell tower of the church built in 1741 on Varvarka, one of the streets in the center of Moscow.
Repair and reconstruction of the temple, carried out in the first half of the 19th century
During the Napoleonic invasion and the associated fire that engulfed Moscow, the Church of the Presentation suffered significant damage, which is why, three years later, its restoration and reconstruction began, which lasted until 1837. During the work, which was led by the Moscow architect P. M. Kazakov, the shortcomings of the previous architectural project were taken into account.
In particular, to improve illumination interior spaces, several were cut into the walls of the building additional windows oval shape. The western part of the refectory vault was dismantled and re-laid, and inside it, two heavy quadrangular supports were replaced with light, round columns, with wide gaps left between them. In addition, a new iconostasis was installed, the author of the sketches was also the architect P. M. Kazakov. In this updated form, the Holy Presentation Church existed until 1917, when the Bolsheviks came to power. greatest tragedy in the history of Russian Orthodoxy.
In an atmosphere of militant atheism
Until the early 30s, the parish of the Holy Vvedensky Church continued its religious life, although it was repeatedly attacked by the city authorities. But in 1931, it was announced that, according to the wishes of the workers of the Russolent factory, the church should be closed, demolished, and the site it occupied was transferred for the construction of a multi-story residential building.
In those years, such acts of vandalism, which became quite commonplace, deprived Russia of many monuments of its cultural and historical heritage. The verdict was also signed by the Vvedenskaya Church in Barashevsky Lane. However, fate would have it otherwise. The church parish was abolished, but the building itself was not demolished. What caused this is unknown.
Perhaps the construction of a residential building on this site did not correspond to the general urban plan or sufficient funds were not allocated, but the church survived, and a dormitory was set up in it for the very workers who allegedly petitioned for its closure. A few years later, the God-fighting workers were evicted, and the vacated premises housed one of the workshops of the Moscow Electrical Products Plant until 1979.
Silent Treasure Keepers
A very curious case dates back to this period. In 1948, to install new equipment in the workshop, it was necessary to break through a wall. When the workers delved deeper into the thickness of the brickwork, a vast cavity was suddenly discovered in it, in which three human skeletons and many different gold items, including coins of royal minting, were found.
Who were the people whose remains rested for many years in the church wall, and who owned the treasures found there, remained unknown. At least information about this was not made public. The workers were ordered to keep quiet, which they did, fearing the undesirable consequences of excessive talkativeness. Only during the years of perestroika did this case become public knowledge, but even then it did not receive any convincing explanation.
The first steps towards the revival of the shrine
In 1979, the “Electrical Products Plant” moved out of the Vvedenskaya Church building, and the city authorities put it at the disposal of a research and restoration plant, which located its workshop in it. Thus, the well-known statement that “a holy place is never empty” found its real confirmation. We must pay tribute to the restoration scientists: unlike their predecessors, they not only did not destroy the temple building, adapting it to their immediate needs, but even bothered to restore it.
They began complex restoration work, as a result of which the domes that once crowned the side chapels soon returned to their places, and a cross appeared on the bell tower, which had disappeared from it many years ago. The building itself was covered scaffolding, which were removed from it only in 1990, when the bulk of the work was completed and the Vvedenskaya Church regained its former appearance.
Temple returned to the ownership of the Russian Orthodox Church
The process of restructuring that swept the country in last decade of the past century and touched all areas of her life, radically changed the government’s attitude towards religious issues. The return to the Church of movable and movable property illegally taken from it has begun. real estate. Among other objects, believers received at their disposal the Vvedensky Church, which had been restored by that time. The schedule of services, which replaced official signs on its doors indicating the state institutions located inside, testified most eloquently to the changes that had come.
Current state of the temple
From now on, every day at 8:00 am its doors open to everyone who wants to attend the Divine Liturgy or special prayer services dedicated to various calendar dates. At 18:00 it hosts evening services, on the eve of the holidays, accompanied by the reading of akathists. ABOUT various kinds Parishioners learn about unscheduled events from announcements posted at the entrance to the temple or on its website.
At present, not all the values that once belonged to the church community and were taken from it by the Bolsheviks have returned to their places. Many icons of high artistic value are still in the funds of the State Tretyakov Gallery. However, even today visitors can venerate such shrines as the miraculous image of the Kazan Mother of God, icons of the Annunciation, the Presentation of the Lord and the relics of many Orthodox saints kept in the church.
At the beginning of September 2015, by decision of the leadership of the Moscow Patriarchate, the temple was provided to accommodate a representative office Orthodox Church Moldova and appointed Metropolitan of Chisinau Vladimir (Kantaryan) as its rector. Thus, being owned by the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, it is under administrative management Chisinau-Moldavian Metropolis.
For everyone who wants to attend the services held there, we provide the address: Moscow, Barashevsky Lane, building 8/2, building 4.
Address: Russia, Moscow region, Sergiev Posad, Red Army Avenue, 127
Date of construction 1547
Coordinates: 56°18"30.5"N 38°07"58.4"E
In the historical center of the old Russian city of Sergiev Posad, at the foot of the high hill of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, stands a beautiful church, consecrated in honor of the Entry into the Temple of the Blessed Virgin Mary. She forms a single architectural ensemble with the nearby Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church. Both of these two churches were built in the middle of the 16th century. Today these are the oldest churches in Sergiev Posad.
History of the Presentation Church
The place where the temple is located in the old days was very lively, crowded and was called Podol. Here was a market square on the trade route that led from Moscow to Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda.
Even under the second abbot of the Trinity Monastery, the Venerable Nikon (1352-1426), a disciple of Sergius of Radonezh, a wooden church was erected on this site. It was consecrated in memory of the Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the temple, and the created temple chapel was in honor of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa. The church was used as a parish church in Nizhnyaya Sluzhnaya Sloboda for officials who lived near the monastery and managed large monastic estates.
Construction stone temple associated with the name of the boyar and governor Ivan Ivanovich Khabarov. It was with his money that in 1547, instead of the old wooden temple, two new stone churches were built. At the end of his life, the boyar and his wife took monastic vows. Ivan Khabarov died in 1583 under the name of Jehoshaphat, and bequeathed the ancestral estates belonging to him to be transferred to the Trinity and Suzdal monasteries.
The Vvedenskaya Church became the main temple of the Nizhny Pyatnitsky (or Podolny) Monastery, which depended on the Trinity Monastery. After the siege by Polish-Lithuanian troops in early XVII century, the Vvedenskaya Church, like all the churches of the city, was badly damaged. And in 1621, part of its destroyed walls, vaults and zakomaras were rebuilt.
An entry made in 1641 notes that the Vvedensky Church was covered with planks, and its head and cross were upholstered with German iron. In 1679, the Podolny Monastery was abolished, and the Vvedenskaya Church became a parish church. But in reality late XIX century, the parish was liquidated due to poverty and small numbers, and the temple was returned to the Lavra.
With the onset of Soviet power, the Trinity-Sergius Lavra was closed in 1919, and the monks were forced to leave their monastery. Some of them moved to the Gethsemane monastery, forming a labor artel there. And the other part settled in the Pyatnitsky courtyard, which began to be called the Small Lavra. Professors and students of the theological academy expelled from the Lavra also began to live here. Classes and services were held in the temple until 1928. Then Vvedenskaya and the nearby Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church were closed. AND Since 1931, a grain warehouse has been located in the Vvedensky Church.
In the 1960s, the Vvedenskaya Church was taken over by the Zagorsk Museum. And in 1968, large restoration work began here. In 1991, the Vvedensky Church, in a rather ruined state, was transferred to the Lavra. The Pyatnitskoe courtyard was organized here. And the beginning of its long restoration was laid.
Architecture and interior decoration of the Church of the Presentation
The Vedeno Church is a two-tiered cross-domed church. Its single head glows with gold. In its proportions and design, this church has much in common with the Church of the Holy Spirit, built on the territory of the Lavra in 1476-1477. These two Orthodox churches have common artistic forms - identical rectangular plans, similar profiles and sizes of blades, as well as a similar character of decoration. All the architectural details of the Vvedensky Church were borrowed from Pskov architects, who seventy years earlier built a similar temple in the Trinity Monastery. Only in the Vvedenskaya Church, unlike the Dukhovskaya Church, there is no belfry under the dome and it is placed on a high basement floor, covered with vaults.
The upper part of the Vvedensky Church was rebuilt many times, and its original appearance was largely lost over time. When the church was restored in the 40s of the 18th century, both of its western pillars were dismantled, the vault was repositioned, the roof covering was replaced with a more practical hipped roof, and, in addition, apses were added almost to the very top of the quadrangle. The closed vault began to end with a baroque drum topped with a dome. And in 1822, a porch was added to the temple on the western side.
In 1968, when the temple was restored, it hipped roof they were again replaced with a roof covering with diagonal kokoshniks, and the western porch was dismantled. This made the church much slimmer and more elegant.
The restoration projects were initially led by the director of the Zagorsk Museum V.I. Baldin, and then the architect-restorer and researcher of Russian and Western European architecture V.V. Kavelmacher. Today, the slender and majestic Church of the Vvedensky has collected the architectural traditions of several centuries.
In the external decor of the church, fragments of a terracotta frieze with reliefs depicting dolphins have been preserved. A similar terracotta frieze decorates the belt of the Spiritual Church of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. And the historical iconostasis was lost in the 20th century.
Current state of the temple and opening hours
Vvedenskaya Church - active Orthodox church. Morning services are held here from 8.00 to 10.00, evening ones - from 17.00 to 19.00. On Sundays the church hosts an early Divine Liturgy, which starts at 6.30.
Restoration work continues in the temple to restore the iconostasis and interior decoration. There is also a Sunday school at the Pyatnitsky Compound for children from 3 to 16 years old.
How to get to the Vvedenskaya Church
The Church of the Presentation is located in the city of Sergiev Posad on Krasnaya Armiya Street, 127, near the southeastern corner of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. From the railway station and the bus station located next to it, you first need to go down to Red Army Street and walk along it to the Vvedenskaya Church. This path is not long and is about 1 km.
Church of the Presentation in Kashira (Russia) - description, history, location. Exact address and website. Tourist reviews, photos and videos.
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The elegant Vvedenskaya Church in Kashira was erected in 1802-1817. at the highest elevation of the coastal slope. She is rightfully considered business card city and the decoration of the ancient Khlebnaya Square (now Uritsky Square). As researchers note, this architectural monument of the 19th century has a rare compositional structure era of classicism. The bell tower is made up of extremely clear tiers that repeat each other in shape, as if strung on vertical axis decreasing parts creating the impression of infinity.
The upward thrust was “suspended” by construction in the 1860s. sixth tier with a clock and spire. The final tier of the bell tower with a clock is a gift to the people of Kashira from the Serpukhov fish merchant Alexander Fedorovich Pertsev, who kept shops in Serpukhov, Kashira, and Ozery.
In Soviet times, the temple did not escape a bitter fate: in the 1930s, the Vvedenskaya Church was closed. At the same time, the clock in the bell tower continued to run properly, as it was maintained by caretakers.
Restoration of the temple
In the 1960s, the temple housed a food warehouse. The use of the building for other purposes led to the loss of interior decoration and wall paintings. The roof of the refectory also fell into disrepair and was partially destroyed brickwork and white stone architectural decor on the facades of the building. In the second half of the 1960s, project proposals for the restoration of this architectural monument were developed at the Moscow Regional Special Research and Restoration Production Workshop, and restoration work was carried out in the 1970s.
In 1991, the Vvedenskaya Church was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. Divine services resumed there. Not long ago, the temple received a bright blue dome - a rich, sparkling gold one.
Practical information
Address: Kashira, st. Engelsa, 1/st. Sovetskaya, 16 (the temple is located at the intersection of two streets).
The liquidated temple on Bolshaya Lubyanka.
- Church of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary into the Temple (Lipetsk region) - in the village of Vvedenka, Khlevensky district, Lipetsk region.
- Church of the Entry of the Blessed Virgin Mary into the Temple (Voronezh) - an 18th-century temple in Voronezh.
- Church of the Presentation (Kargopol) is an 18th-century temple in the city of Kargopol, Arkhangelsk region.
- Vvedenskaya Church (Oryol) is a liquidated Oryol temple.
- Church of the Presentation (St. Petersburg) - liquidated St. Petersburg church.
- Church of the Presentation (Solikamsk) is a temple of the former Transfiguration Convent in Solikamsk.
- Church of the Entry of the Blessed Virgin Mary into the Temple (Spirovo) - in the village of Spirovo. Volokolamsk district Moscow region .
- Vvedenskaya Church (Kursk) is a temple in the Zheleznodorozhny district of the city of Kursk.
- Church of the Entry of the Blessed Virgin Mary into the Temple (Turgenevo) - a temple in the Tula region.
- The Vvedenskaya Church is the cathedral church of the revived Peter and Paul Monastery of the Russian Orthodox Church in Bryansk.
- Vvedenskaya Church is an Orthodox church in the village of Pet, Ryazan region.
- Vvedenskaya Church is an Orthodox church of the Beijing Spiritual Mission at the Handaohezi CER station.
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Excerpt characterizing the Vvedenskaya Church
Prince Andrei hastily, without raising his eyes, rode away from the doctor’s wife, who called him a savior, and, recalling with disgust the smallest details of this humiliating scene, galloped further to the village where, as he was told, the commander-in-chief was.Having entered the village, he got off his horse and went to the first house with the intention of resting at least for a minute, eating something and bringing into clarity all these offensive thoughts that tormented him. “This is a crowd of scoundrels, not an army,” he thought, approaching the window of the first house, when a familiar voice called him by name.
He looked back. Nesvitsky’s handsome face poked out from a small window. Nesvitsky, chewing something with his juicy mouth and waving his arms, called him to him.
- Bolkonsky, Bolkonsky! Don't you hear, or what? “Go quickly,” he shouted.
Entering the house, Prince Andrei saw Nesvitsky and another adjutant eating something. They hastily turned to Bolkonsky asking if he knew anything new. On their faces, so familiar to him, Prince Andrei read an expression of anxiety and concern. This expression was especially noticeable on Nesvitsky’s always laughing face.
-Where is the commander-in-chief? – asked Bolkonsky.
“Here, in that house,” answered the adjutant.
- Well, is it true that there is peace and surrender? – asked Nesvitsky.
– I’m asking you. I don’t know anything except that I got to you by force.
- What about us, brother? Horror! “I’m sorry, brother, they laughed at Mak, but it’s even worse for us,” Nesvitsky said. - Well, sit down and eat something.
“Now, prince, you won’t find any carts or anything, and your Peter God knows where,” said another adjutant.
- Where is it? main apartment?
– We’ll spend the night in Tsnaim.
“And I loaded everything I needed onto two horses,” said Nesvitsky, “and they made me excellent packs.” At least escape through the Bohemian mountains. It's bad, brother. Are you really unwell, why are you shuddering like that? - Nesvitsky asked, noticing how Prince Andrei twitched, as if from touching a Leyden jar.
“Nothing,” answered Prince Andrei.
At that moment he remembered his recent clash with the doctor’s wife and the Furshtat officer.
-What is the commander-in-chief doing here? - he asked.
“I don’t understand anything,” said Nesvitsky.
“All I understand is that everything is disgusting, disgusting and disgusting,” said Prince Andrei and went to the house where the commander-in-chief stood.
Passing by Kutuzov's carriage, the tortured horses of the retinue and the Cossacks speaking loudly among themselves, Prince Andrei entered the entryway. Kutuzov himself, as Prince Andrei was told, was in the hut with Prince Bagration and Weyrother. Weyrother was an Austrian general who replaced the murdered Schmit. In the entryway little Kozlovsky was squatting in front of the clerk. The clerk on an inverted tub, turning up the cuffs of his uniform, hastily wrote. Kozlovsky’s face was exhausted - he, apparently, had not slept at night either. He looked at Prince Andrei and did not even nod his head to him.
| Sight | |
| Kiev-Podolsk Vvedenskaya Church | |
| 50°28′14″ n. w. 30°31′00″ E. d. HGIO | |
| A country | Ukraine Ukraine |
|---|---|
| City | Kyiv |
| State | destroyed, reconstruction underway |
| Kiev-Podolsk Vvedenskaya Church on Wikimedia Commons | |
Kiev-Podolsk Vvedenskaya Church(ukr. Kiev-Podilska Vvedenska Church) - Orthodox parish church in the name of the Entry into the Temple of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The temple is located in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Story
The temple was located on the periphery historical area Podol, in the so-called Flat part of Kyiv. According to a number of historians, initially the pagan temple of the idol of Volos, mentioned in the chronicles, was located here, on the site of which a wooden church was subsequently built in honor of St. Blaise of Sebastia. Thus, Maxim Berlinsky argued, “ that in that place there existed a temple or shrine to the idol of Volos and that since the time of the radiance Christian faith the church of St. Blaise was built there, according to the similarity of the former name". A church with this name existed before mid-17th century century, but was destroyed by fire in 1651.
In 1718, at the expense of the master of the fishing workshop, Pavel Lesnitsky, a new wooden church, called Vvedensky, was built on the site of the Church of St. Blaise. In memory of the former Vlasievsky Church in new church an icon of St. Blaise with a particle of his holy relics was kept. The wooden Vvedenskaya Church was a three-part, three-domed building with a separate bell tower, typical of folk Ukrainian architecture. After the redevelopment of Podol and the Flat part, associated with the fire of 1811, the church graveyard ended up on the corner of Pochaininskaya and Yaroslavskaya streets.
Kiev-Podolsk Vvedenskaya Church at the beginning of the 20th century.
In the second half of the 19th century old church fell into disrepair, and the parishioners petitioned for permission to build a new stone church. In 1882, construction work began on the church estate according to the design of the diocesan architect Vladimir Nikolaev. Significant donations for the new temple were made by famous Kyiv philanthropists Fyodor Tereshchenko, Semyon Mogilevtsev and others. The stone church was consecrated in 1885. Its appearance is designed in the “Byzantine style”. The temple is single-domed with a bell tower over the porch. Services continued in the old wooden church until the construction of the new one was completed. At the end of 1886, the clergyman received permission to disassemble it for firewood. In 1900, from the side of Pochaininskaya Street. a two-story building was built wooden building parish school (not preserved).
The rectors of the Kiev-Podolsk Church of the Presentation were prominent Kyiv clergy, among whom the name of the new martyr Fr. Yakov Molchanovsky, appointed to the Vvedensky parish in 1914. In 1923, Fr. Jacob was ordained bishop (his monastic name is Athanasius); He was repeatedly subjected to repression by the Soviet authorities, and was shot in 1938.
In 1921, Soviet authorities registered the charter of the parish community. But later, the atheist campaign organized by the authorities to close churches also affected the Vvedensky Church. In 1935, the Presidium of the City Council decided to demolish the church under the pretext of making way for the construction of a school. At the beginning of 1936, the Vvedensky Church was dismantled. On the churchyard and the adjacent area along Yaroslavskaya Street in 1937 they built kindergarten(since the 1980s, its premises were transferred to SMU).
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Revival of the Vvedenskaya Church
In 1996, with the blessing of the Primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine, Metropolitan Vladimir, the Orthodox parish, who began to petition for the construction of the Kiev-Podolsk Vvedenskaya Church and parish buildings. The SMU building was demolished due to its emergency condition. The parish built a temporary church on the church site at 27 Pochaininskaya Street, in which the first liturgy took place on September 26, 1999. From the first days a parish school and library for adults and children were formed.
The project of the new stone Vvedensky Church based on historical materials was developed by the Ukrproektrestavratsiya Institute. Before construction work archaeological research was carried out, which confirmed the existence ancient church; Archaeologists have found a 12th-century well with spring water. The foundation capsule was consecrated in 2006. By the beginning of the 2010s, the masonry of the walls was completed, the temple and bell tower were covered with domes and topped with crosses.