A vacuum oven is a device that is primarily designed to generate high temperatures inside the system. This whole journey is made in order to achieve optimal conditions for melting metal in a vacuum using energy electric arc.

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If we talk about where such devices are used, then this moment Vacuum furnaces have found their application in many industries, where they play one of the most important roles. For example, vacuum furnaces have found their application in such industries as:

• Rocket science
• Space industry
• Nuclear power
• Metallurgy

All these industries require high-quality smelting of high-quality steels that can withstand the most difficult weather. And without the participation of vacuum furnaces, it is simply impossible to achieve such a condition.

You can also consider the main advantages of a vacuum oven, of which there are actually a huge number. After passing through a vacuum furnace, the alloy remains with a minimum content of gases and non-metallic substances.

Thanks to quality construction vacuum furnaces, namely its individual elements, managed to achieve maximum strength of the unit. This factor makes it possible to achieve within the system maximum temperatures, up to 2000 degrees. At the same time, the alloys are really of very high quality and do not contain any undesirable elements. And the ovens themselves, regardless of price category do not deteriorate in any way and remain just as effective.

But it is worth noting the fact that a vacuum oven, the price of which is quite high, is not such a common product, and buying such a unit will be very problematic.

Arc furnace

Unlike a conventional vacuum furnace, an arc furnace operates using a less complicated algorithm, but the results it provides are in no way inferior to the conventional version of a vacuum furnace. But it is worth remembering that these furnaces have completely different purposes and each of them performs its own tasks.

The arc furnace works by thermal effect electric arc, which powers the entire mechanism. the main task This unit is the melting of metal, but besides this, the furnace can cope with other materials, and shows itself only at its best.

Arc furnaces have three assembly versions, which is why they are divided into three separate categories.

• Directly heated furnaces - an electric arc is located in the middle of two electrodes and is exposed to molten metals.
• Furnaces with a closed arc - the material that can be heated is located inside, completely surrounded by electrodes. As for the arc, in this device it is located under the heated material. Using radiation, the arc acts on the material inside the system, giving it all the conditions for rapid melting, while electricity passes through molten metal
• Furnaces indirect heating— This type of system involves more interesting way work, since here the electric arc is in active mode only between the electrodes. As for the heat from the arc, it comes through radiation.

Induction oven

Induction furnaces in plan appearance are not particularly different from their counterparts, but as far as operating technology is concerned, the differences are simply cardinal. To some extent, we can say that induction melting furnaces are a breakthrough in the metal smelting industry, since the melting furnace technology is designed in such a way that it is not the unit itself that is heated, but only the material that is in it, since electrical energy is directed exclusively on the material inside the system.

Vacuum induction melting furnace uses heating currents of the highest frequency, which make it possible to create the highest concentration electrical energy. It, in turn, is sent to the metal, which is located in the smelting furnace. Also a big plus is that this technology allows heating much faster than conventional ovens. This means that enterprises that use induction melting furnaces have the opportunity to significantly increase labor efficiency, which will bring additional income.

Vacuum thermal furnace

The vacuum thermal furnace, like its other variations, has also found its application in many manufacturing industries and is currently used by many enterprises. If we talk about the most famous industries in which the thermal furnace is currently the most important link, then this includes such industries as:

• Aviation industry
• Space industry
• Mechanical engineering

All of these industries are quite common in our country, and they all use vacuum heat treatment of parts in their work, without which they would simply not be suitable for work. After heat treatment, any part is covered with a small coating, which in the future serves as a reliable protector from environmental influences.

As for the price category of vacuum thermal furnaces, this is a really expensive unit, which will be quite problematic to buy. To an ordinary person this can be done if he finds the smallest version of a similar type of oven, of which there are not many on the market. Often vacuum thermal furnaces used by large enterprises that require a device that can provide good performance indicators and at the same time work for days without stopping.

Hydrogen oven

If we talk about the highest quality and most reliable furnace, then without any doubt we can say that it is a hydrogen furnace, which has the largest range of functions that allow it to cope with the most different tasks. You should also not forget about the characteristics of such a unit, since they really differ from what can be seen in vacuum furnaces of other variations.

Additional processes of annealing and soldering allow the parts to provide a truly high-quality connection. Vacuum hydrogen furnaces are also completely automated and do not require any human assistance. For a long time and quality work, you just need to configure the unit correctly, after which it will perform everything exactly with the specified parameters.

Hydrogen furnaces are available in the most various variations in exact number and in terms of dimensions there are the most different models. This means that a person who wants a similar device, having the required amount of money, can buy a similar unit without any obstacles. But still, it is much more often used in various industries, where it performs one of the most important functions.

In fact, comparing all these stoves is a rather strange idea, since they all have their own purpose and perform separate functions. But still, if we compare them in terms of performance, then it is the vacuum hydrogen furnace that performs best, demonstrating excellent quality and operating speed, which is significantly higher than other vacuum-type furnaces.

Vacuum induction furnaces (VIF) are designed for melting and refining high-alloy steels, heat-resistant and precision alloys with low carbon content in such a way that a residual pressure of 10-1-10-2 Pa is maintained during melting. VIPs work on waste from their own metallurgical production and clean metal materials. Large VIPs sometimes use a liquid semi-product melted in other units (usually chipboard) instead of solid filling. Compared to other melting plants for special electrometallurgy, VIP has the following advantages:

1) liquid metal can be long time keep in vacuum. This ensures deep degassing, deoxidation and purification of steel from non-metallic inclusions and impurities of non-ferrous metals;

2) you can smelt any complex according to chemical composition steels and alloys, the presence of electromagnetic mixing of the metal creates favorable conditions for the rapid dissolution of alloying additives;

3) simplicity of power control and energy dosage ensures rapid overheating of the metal to the required level with high accuracy.

The disadvantages of VIP include: contamination of the metal by the crucible material, cold slag, low durability of the crucible (20-50 melts in industrial furnaces).

The electrical efficiency of a vacuum induction furnace for steel melting is s = 0.7 h 0.8.

In induction crucible furnaces, which include VIP, natural circulation molten metal due to electrodynamic forces. Metal circulation occurs when eddy currents flowing in liquid metal interact with the inductor current. The resultant force directed from the inductor to the metal falls on the middle part of the crucible. This leads to the appearance of a so-called double-circuit circulation in the melt, when the melt in the upper part of the bath is squeezed up, and in the bottom - down, forming independent contours of metal movement (Fig. 55, a). As a result, the metal surface rises in the center of the crucible, forming a convex meniscus.

Intensive mixing of the metal plays a positive role, accelerating the dissolution of alloying additives and equalizing the temperature in the bath volume. The presence of a meniscus is an undesirable phenomenon, since the slag moves to the walls of the crucible, promoting accelerated corrosion of its lining, and in the center the metal is exposed, which leads to increased heat loss and worsening conditions for reactions between the slag and metal. The effect of metal mixing increases with decreasing frequency and decreases when moving to higher frequencies.

Electrical power for vacuum induction furnaces is supplied from machine high-frequency generators. thyristor frequency converters and tube generators (used on laboratory furnaces). The efficiency of machine generators is 70-85%, lamp generators 50-70%, thyristor converters 90-95%.

Design features of vacuum induction melting furnaces

According to the principle of operation, vacuum induction furnaces (VIF) are made of two types - periodic and semi-continuous.

Furnaces periodic action have one vacuum chamber, where, after air has been evacuated, the metal is melted and then poured into a mold or mold. After casting the metal, the furnace is depressurized to remove the mold with the ingot, inspect and repair the crucible, and load the charge. In this case, either the housing cover is moved to the side or removed, or the vacuum chamber housing is removed. After removing the ingot, cleaning the crucible and loading a new portion of the charge into the crucible, an empty mold is installed in the vacuum chamber, the furnace is closed, the air is pumped out and the next melting begins.

Semi-continuous furnaces have three vacuum chambers: melting, charging and pouring. Sometimes the casting chamber is replaced by a mold chamber. Then the metal is poured into the melting chamber. The loading and pouring chambers (or mold chambers) are separated from the melting chamber by gate-type sluice gates. This makes it possible to carry out, in a furnace without depressurization, not just one heat, but a series of heats, the number of which is determined by the durability of the crucible lining (one crucible campaign).

In semi-continuous furnaces, due to the presence of sluice gates, simultaneously with metal melting in a vacuum in the melting chamber, a basket with a new portion of the charge is installed in the loading chamber at atmospheric pressure. At the same time, operations are carried out in the casting chamber to remove the molds with metal poured into them and install the molds for casting. The loading and pouring chambers are separated from the external environment by slide-type technological gates. After all necessary operations have been carried out, the loading and pouring chambers are sealed using shutters and air is evacuated from them. Semi-continuous furnaces have become widespread due to a number of advantages compared to batch furnaces - higher productivity due to the absence of pumping air from the melting chamber before each melting, higher crucible durability due to reduced periodic cooling and heating when the melting chamber is depressurized, elimination of time for cooling of molds or molds before removing them from the melting chamber, reducing metal oxidation and contamination due to the introduction of air into the melting chamber.

A modern semi-continuous induction vacuum furnace with a capacity of 2.5 tons (ISV-2.5-NI) designed by VNIIETO is shown in Fig. 7.

Diagram of the ISV-2.5NI semi-continuous vacuum induction electric furnace with a capacity of 2.5 tons, designed by VNIIETO

The furnace consists of a melting chamber 1 with cylindrical part 8, inside which there is an inductor with a crucible 2 . The tilting of the furnace is carried out by a chain mechanism 3. Loading chamber 7 , inside of which there is a self-unloading basket 5 , separated from the melting chamber by a vacuum seal 4. Basket with charge 5 moves using a rope mechanism 6. The oven is equipped with an eight-section dispenser 9 for loading deoxidizers and alloying additives into the crucible during melting. For ease of maintenance of the furnace, a platform is installed on the outside of the upper part of the housing 10. The crucible is cleaned with a crowbar 11, located on a blind cover 12. Mold chamber 13 rectangular in shape is connected to the melting chamber through a vacuum seal. A special stand is installed next to the mold chamber, intended “for installing a trolley with molds 14 before they are rolled into the melting chamber and after they are rolled out of the furnace. The oven is equipped with a self-propelled trolley 15 to roll back the lid 16 melting chamber 1. The molds between the melting chamber and the mold chamber are moved on a trolley using a mechanism driven by an electric drive. Vacuum system equipped with fore-vacuum and booster pumps, which provide pumping of air from the melting chamber, loading chamber, mold chamber and dispenser.

Induction furnaces are widely used in the metallurgical industry. Such stoves are often made independently. To do this, you need to know their operating principle and design features. The operating principle of such furnaces was known two centuries ago.

Induction furnaces are capable of solving the following problems:

• Melting metal.
• Heat treatment of metal parts.
• Purification of precious metals.

Such functions are available in industrial ovens. For domestic conditions and room heating, there are specially designed stoves.

Operating principle

An induction furnace works by heating materials by using the properties of eddy currents. To create such currents, a special inductor is used, which consists of an inductor with several turns of wire of large cross-section.

An AC power supply is supplied to the inductor. In an inductor alternating current creates a magnetic field that changes with the network frequency and penetrates inner space inductor. When any material is placed in this space, eddy currents arise in it, heating it.

The water in the operating inductor heats up and boils, and the metal begins to melt when the appropriate temperature is reached. Induction furnaces can be roughly divided into types:

• Furnaces with magnetic core.
• Without magnetic core.

The first type of furnace contains an inductor enclosed in metal, which creates a special effect that increases the density of the magnetic field, so heating is carried out efficiently and quickly. In furnaces without a magnetic core, the inductor is located outside.

Types and features of furnaces

Induction furnaces can be divided into types, which have their own operating characteristics and distinctive features. Some are used for work in industry, others are used in everyday life, for cooking.

Vacuum induction furnaces

This furnace is designed for melting and casting alloys using the induction method. It consists of a sealed chamber in which a crucible induction furnace with a casting mold is located.

In a vacuum, it is possible to ensure perfect metallurgical processes and obtain high-quality castings. Currently, vacuum production has moved to new technological processes from continuous chains in a vacuum environment, which makes it possible to create new products and reduce production costs.

Advantages of vacuum melting

• Liquid metal can be kept in a vacuum for a long time.
• Increased degassing of metals.
• During the smelting process, you can reload the furnace and influence the refining and deoxidation process at any time.
• The ability to constantly monitor and adjust the temperature of the alloy and its chemical composition during operation.
• High purity of castings.
• Fast heating and melting speed.
• Increased homogeneity of the alloy due to high-quality mixing.
• Any form of raw material.
• Environmentally friendly and economical.

The operating principle of a vacuum furnace is that a solid charge is melted in a crucible in a vacuum using a high-frequency inductor and the liquid metal is purified. The vacuum is created by pumping air out. Vacuum melting achieves a large reduction in hydrogen and nitrogen.

Channel induction furnaces

Furnaces with an electromagnetic core (channel) are widely used in foundries for non-ferrous and ferrous metals as holding furnaces and mixers.

1 - Bath
2 - Channel
3 - Magnetic core
4 - Primary coil

Variable magnetic flux passes along the magnetic circuit, the contour of the channel in the form of a ring of liquid metal. An electric current is excited in the ring, which heats up the liquid metal. The magnetic flux is generated by the primary winding operating on alternating current.

To enhance the magnetic flux, a closed magnetic circuit is used, which is made of transformer steel. The furnace space is connected by two holes to a channel, so when the furnace is filled with liquid metal, a closed loop is created. The oven will not be able to operate without a closed circuit. In such cases, the circuit resistance is high, and a small current flows in it, which is called the no-load current.

Due to overheating of the metal and the action of the magnetic field, which tends to push the metal out of the channel, the liquid metal in the channel is constantly moving. Since the metal in the channel is heated higher than in the furnace bath, the metal constantly rises into the bath, from which metal with a lower temperature comes.

If the metal is drained below permissible norm, then the liquid metal will be ejected from the channel by electrodynamic force. As a result, the stove will spontaneously turn off and the electrical circuit will break. To avoid such cases, furnaces leave some metal in liquid form. It's called a swamp.

Channel furnaces are divided into:

• Melting furnaces.
• Mixers.
• Holding ovens.

To accumulate a certain amount of liquid metal, averaging its chemical composition and holding it, mixers are used. The volume of the mixer is calculated to be no less than twice the hourly output of the oven.

Channel furnaces are divided into classes according to the location of the channels:

• Vertical.
• Horizontal.

According to the shape of the working chamber:

• Drum induction furnaces.
• Cylindrical induction furnaces.

The drum furnace is made in the form of a welded steel cylinder with two walls at the ends. Drive rollers are used to rotate the oven. To turn the oven, you must turn on the electric motor drive with two speeds and a chain drive. The engine has plate brakes.

There is a siphon on the end walls for pouring metal. There are holes for loading additives and removing slag. There is also a channel for dispensing metal. Channel block consists of a furnace inductor with V-shaped channels made into the lining using templates. During the first melting, these templates melt. The winding and core are cooled by air, the body of the unit is cooled by water.

If the channel furnace has a different shape, then the metal is released by tilting the bath using hydraulic cylinders. Sometimes the metal is squeezed out overpressure gas

Advantages of channel stoves

• Low energy consumption due to low heat loss from the bath.
• Increased electrical efficiency of the inductor.
• Low cost.

Disadvantages of channel furnaces

• The difficulty of adjusting the chemical composition of the metal, since the presence of liquid metal left in the furnace creates difficulties when switching from one composition to another.
• The low speed of metal movement in the furnace reduces the capabilities of the smelting technology.

Design features

The oven frame is made of low carbon steel sheet with a thickness of 30 to 70 mm. At the bottom of the frame there are windows with attached inductors. The inductor is made in the form of a steel body, a primary coil, a magnetic circuit and a lining. Its body is made detachable, and the parts are isolated from each other by gaskets so that the body parts do not create a closed circuit. Otherwise, an eddy current will be created.

The magnetic core is made of 0.5 mm special electrical steel plates. The plates are insulated from each other to reduce losses from eddy currents.

The coil is made of copper conductor with a cross-section depending on the load current and cooling method. At air cooled permissible current is 4 amperes per mm 2, when cooling with water, permissible current is 20 amperes per mm 2. A screen is installed between the lining and the coil, which is cooled with water. The screen is made of magnetic steel or copper. A fan is installed to remove heat from the coil. To obtain exact dimensions channel, apply the template. It is made in the form of a hollow steel casting. The template is placed in the inductor until it is filled with refractory mass. It is located in the inductor during heating and drying of the lining.

For lining, refractory masses of wet and dry types are used. Wet masses are used in the form of printed or poured materials. Poured concrete is used for complex form inductor, if it is impossible to compact the mass throughout the entire volume of the inductor.

The inductor is filled with this mass and compacted with vibrators. Dry masses are compacted with high-frequency vibrators, and rammed masses are compacted with pneumatic tampers. If cast iron is smelted in a furnace, the lining is made of magnesium oxide. The quality of the lining is determined by the temperature of the cooling water. Most effective method checking the lining is to check the value of inductive and active resistance. These measurements are carried out using control instruments.

The electrical equipment of the furnace includes:

• Transformer.
• A battery of capacitors to compensate for electrical energy losses.
• Choke for connecting a 1-phase inductor to a 3-phase network.
• Control panels.
• Power cables.

In order for the furnace to function normally, the power supply is connected to 10 kilovolts, which has 10 voltage steps on the secondary winding to regulate the power of the furnace.

Lining packing materials contain:

• 48% dry quartz.
• 1.8% boric acid, sifted through a fine sieve with 0.5 mm mesh.

The lining mass is prepared in dry form using a mixer, and then sifted through a sieve. The prepared mixture should not be stored for more than 15 hours after preparation.

The crucible is lined using compaction with vibrators. Electric vibrators are used for lining large furnaces. Vibrators are immersed into the template space and compact the mass through the walls. When compacting, the vibrator is moved by a crane and rotated vertically.

Crucible induction furnaces

The main components of a crucible furnace are an inductor and a generator. To make an inductor it is used copper tube in the form of wound 8-10 turns. The shapes of inductors can be of various types.

This type of oven is the most common. There is no core in the furnace design. A common form of oven is a cylinder made of fire-resistant material. The crucible is located in the cavity of the inductor. AC power is supplied to it.

Advantages of crucible furnaces

• Energy is released when the material is loaded into the oven, so auxiliary heating elements are not needed.
• High homogeneity of multicomponent alloys is achieved.
• In the furnace, you can create a reduction or oxidation reaction, regardless of the pressure.
• High furnace productivity due to increased power density at any frequencies.
• Interruptions in metal melting do not affect the efficiency of work, since heating does not require a lot of electricity.
• Possibility of any settings and easy operation with the possibility of automation.
• There is no local overheating, the temperature is equalized throughout the entire volume of the bath.
• Fast melting, allowing the creation of high-quality alloys with good homogeneity.
• Environmental Safety. External environment is not subject to any harmful effects ovens. Melting also does not harm the environment.

Disadvantages of crucible furnaces

• Low temperature of slags used to process the melt surface.
• Low durability of the lining under sudden temperature changes.

Despite the existing disadvantages, crucible induction furnaces have gained great popularity in production and in other areas.

Induction furnaces for space heating

Most often, such a stove is installed in the kitchen. The main part of its design is welding inverter. The furnace design is usually combined with a water heating boiler, which makes it possible to heat all rooms in the building. It is also possible to connect the supply hot water into the building.

The operating efficiency of such a device is low, however, such equipment is often used for heating a house.

The design of the heating part of an induction boiler is similar to a transformer. The outer circuit is the windings of a kind of transformer that are connected to the network. The second internal circuit is a heat exchange device. The coolant circulates in it. When power is connected, the coil creates an alternating current. As a result, currents are induced inside the heat exchanger, which heat it. The metal heats the coolant, which usually consists of water.

The work of household appliances is based on the same principle. induction cookers, in which the secondary circuit is made of utensils special material. This stove is much more economical conventional slabs due to the absence of heat losses.

The boiler water heater is equipped with control devices that make it possible to maintain the coolant temperature at a certain level.

Heating with electricity is an expensive pleasure. It cannot compete with solid fuel and gas diesel fuel And liquefied gas. One of the methods to reduce costs is to install a heat accumulator, as well as connect the boiler at night, since at night there is often a preferential charge for electricity.

In order to make a decision about installing an induction boiler for your home, you need to get advice from professional heating engineering specialists. An induction boiler has virtually no advantages over a conventional boiler. The disadvantage is high price equipment. A conventional boiler with heating elements is sold ready for installation, but an induction heater requires additional equipment and settings. Therefore, before purchasing such an induction boiler, it is necessary to make careful economic calculations and planning.

Induction furnace lining

The lining process is necessary to ensure protection of the furnace body from exposure to elevated temperatures. It makes it possible to significantly reduce heat loss and increase the efficiency of metal melting or material heating.

Quartzite, which is a modification of silica, is used for lining. There are certain requirements for lining materials.

Such a material should provide 3 zones of material states:

• Monolithic.
• Buffer.
• Intermediate.

Only the presence of three layers in the coating can protect the furnace casing. The lining is negatively affected by improper placement of material, poor quality of material and difficult conditions furnace operation.

The vacuum oven is a sealed heating device, in the cavity of which a vacuum is created with a value determined by the technological process. A vacuum furnace (from the Latin “vacuus” - “empty”) (from the Orthodox “pektь” - “bake, furnace”) is intended for melting or heating in a vacuum materials of high quality and cost.

In this article we will look at:

• vacuum resistance furnaces;
• vacuum hydrogen furnace;
• chamber vacuum furnaces;
• vacuum furnace chamber;
• vacuum three-chamber furnaces;
• laboratory vacuum furnaces;
• operating principle of a vacuum furnace;
• vacuum sintering furnaces;
• electric vacuum furnace;
• Vega vacuum oven;
• NPF vacuum furnaces;
• vacuum compression furnace;
• vacuum melting furnaces;
• vacuum soldering oven;
• vacuum induction melting furnace;
• vacuum annealing furnace;
• vacuum muffle furnace;
• vacuum induction furnace;
• vacuum furnace for heat treatment;
• vacuum hydrogen furnace;
• bell-type hydrogen furnace;
• hydrogen-filled furnaces;
• hydrogen sintering furnace;
• hydrogen furnace design.

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The history of the creation of vacuum furnaces with electric heating is interesting. Russian physicist Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov (1761 - 1834), conducting experiments on producing a white flame between pieces charcoal, in 1802 discovered the phenomenon of the electric arc. Having created the largest battery of its time galvanic cells, Petrov conducted experiments on the use of an electric arc for melting and welding metals, thereby laying the foundation for modern electrometallurgy.

The first electric furnace with rarefied air was manufactured in 1839 by the English engineer R. Har. In his furnace, placed in a bell with a vacuum, the inventor decomposed the elements by evaporation through the application of electricity from a galvanic battery.

The first chamber thermal electric furnace was patented in 1853 by the French chemist L.-A. Pichon. But practical application This furnace, like the previous ones, did not receive electricity due to insufficient power sources. The prototype of modern steel-smelting electric furnaces is a melting furnace with electrodes mounted vertically, proposed in 1899 by the French metallurgist Paul Louis Toussaint Héroult (1863 - 1914). By the end of the twentieth century, mass production of vacuum furnaces began in the advanced countries of the world.

Let's consider the design of a typical vacuum furnace. Its main unit is a sealed heat chamber connected to a vacuum pump that provides a vacuum of 5 to 10 -5 mm mercury. By design, there are two types of vacuum electric furnaces:

• in a retort design, in which the heaters are located outside the chamber;
• in a chamber version, when the heaters are installed inside the chamber.

The operating principle of a vacuum furnace is as follows. Before the beginning heat treatment in a vacuum, the chamber of the vacuum furnace, together with the workpieces, is hermetically sealed, and the vacuum pump pumps air out of it to the required level. Workpieces in a refractory crucible are melted or heated to a predetermined temperature using a high-frequency inductor. After exposure and completion of the technological process, the chamber is depressurized, opened, and the heat-treated parts are unloaded. The installation is ready for the next operating cycle.

Vacuum arc furnace began to be used with the development nuclear energy, rocket science, space research, when there was an urgent need for processing ultra-pure materials with special physical and mechanical properties.

The advantages of vacuum arc furnaces are as follows:

1. Opportunity to achieve the most high temperatures up to 2000 0 C and high pressures.
2. Uniformity and high density ingots due to directional crystallization of liquid metal in a vacuum.
3. Possibility of non-oxidizing heating of workpieces, which significantly reduces metal losses due to waste.
4. Production of special metals and alloys of high purity in the absence of air.
5. No oxidation of electrodes, heating elements and internal metal structures in the furnace.

Vacuum in furnaces allows you to effectively perform various technological processes associated with heating materials: melting, heating, sintering, heat treatment, drying, etc.

Now applied the following types industrial vacuum furnaces:

• chamber vacuum furnaces;
• three-chamber vacuum furnaces;
• shaft vacuum furnaces;
• vacuum resistance furnaces;
• vacuum melting furnaces;
• vacuum furnaces for heat treatment of metal;
• vacuum furnace for hardening parts;
• vacuum annealing furnace;
• vacuum hydrogen furnace;
• vacuum furnace for nitriding;
• vacuum carburizing furnace;
• vacuum soldering oven;
• vacuum muffle furnace;
• vacuum compression furnace;
• vacuum sintering furnaces;
• laboratory vacuum furnaces.

IN modern technology The most common are vacuum resistance furnaces.

Induction oven

A vacuum induction melting furnace contains a high-frequency inductor located inside a chamber from which air is pumped out. It is used for melting and casting heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, growing single crystals and zone cleaning. Unlike an arc-type electric furnace, it has the ability to load and melt lump workpieces (scrap, scrap, lump waste, defective workpieces). The most common type is a vacuum induction furnace with a tilting refractory crucible mounted inside a stationary casing.

If you are interested in the price of vacuum induction furnaces, it depends on the type of furnace, the manufacturer, created level vacuum, temperature, power consumption and plant performance. Contact us, we will help you figure it out and choose a reliable but inexpensive stove.

Thermal Vacuum Furnace

Thermal vacuum furnace allows for vacuum hardening, tempering, annealing, sintering, high-temperature brazing, nitriding and carburization. The advantage is that heat treatment is performed in an oxygen-free environment and, as a result, there are no traces of oxides and decarbonization on the surface of the products. After removing the workpieces from the vacuum heat chamber, there are no traces of corrosion on them, and mechanical characteristics, corrosion and wear resistance increases.

Thermal vacuum furnaces are produced with different volumes of one, two or three working cavities, different technical parameters and characteristics, in horizontal or vertical design. If you are going to buy a vacuum furnace for heat treatment of metal, then it can be manufactured according to standard scheme and a regular price or an improved scheme, taking into account the individual wishes of the customer, but the price will be slightly higher. Come on over, let’s think together and choose what suits you best.

A vacuum hydrogen furnace allows for sintering and heat treatment of parts in a vacuum or a reducing hydrogen environment. Here we use a method of indirect heating with high frequency currents at high voltage and low current; this allows you to save energy. The design of the hydrogen furnace is distinguished by an explosion-proof housing and a special thermal insulation device, which increases the reliability of equipment maintenance. Heating of sintered products made of refractory metals (titanium, tungsten, molybdenum) and their alloys is carried out by radiation by placing a crucible made of heat-resistant material inside the inductor.

Distinguish following designs hydrogen-filled furnaces:

• bell-type hydrogen furnace;
• chamber hydrogen furnace;
• shaft hydrogen furnace;
• pusher hydrogen furnace.

In order to select and buy a conventional hydrogen furnace or a hydrogen sintering furnace, call us. We'll try to help. If suitable equipment is not in stock, we will order the model you like from the manufacturer.

Conclusion

From our point of view, branded models of vacuum furnaces from the following companies are of interest:

• vacuum furnaces SECO/WARWICK;
• SCHMETZ vacuum furnaces;
• vacuum furnaces IPSEN;
• vacuum furnaces ALD;
• vacuum furnaces NPF;
• vacuum furnace SGV;
• vacuum furnace Vega-5;
• vacuum furnace CMEA;
• vacuum furnace SNVE;
• vacuum oven A2318;
• hydrogen pusher furnace PVT-6.

Look, choose, contact and consult with us. Let's help everyone.

Production and supply of vacuum induction furnaces in Russia and CIS countries

Currently, the demand for steel and alloys special purpose for the aerospace, aviation, nuclear and energy industries is growing rapidly. In these areas of industry, increasingly higher values ​​for strength, purity and other properties of the metal are often required.

In order to solve the problem of improving the quality properties of smelted metals, the MetaCube company is ready to offer technologies based on innovative smelting methods for producing steel and alloys with special technological properties. These methods include vacuum induction melting.

The need to create vacuum induction furnaces arose due to the need to introduce highly reactive and refractory metals into industrial production, such as zirconium, titanium, niobium, beryllium and molybdenum, as well as tantalum, tungsten, uranium and a number of others. A peculiarity of such metals is that they oxidize intensively when heated in air, and therefore melting must be carried out in a vacuum.

Features of vacuum induction furnaces

Vacuum induction melting technology makes it possible to obtain highly purified metals in an oxygen-free atmosphere. When using vacuum induction furnaces, it is possible to produce heat-resistant and high-alloy steels and precision alloys. Also in vacuum induction furnaces it is possible to carry out heat treatment and melting of precious and rare earth metals, as well as melting high-grade special glass and using them to obtain single crystals. In all cases, the resulting material in vacuum furnaces is distinguished by increased purity and minimal waste.

An important role during refining in a vacuum induction furnace is played by the process of evaporation of low-melting impurities - lead, arsenic, tin and bismuth. High quality vacuum metal is partly ensured by purifying the alloy from these impurities, which are contained in very small quantities, which makes it impossible to determine them even with advanced analytical methods. This is necessary when the requirements for the material are quite high and the resulting special alloy must meet certain properties.

Another advantage of vacuum furnaces is the ability to obtain single-crystalline and fine-grained metal structures. In this case, the properties of the resulting material can be predicted.

The operating temperature of the furnaces is up to 2200 degrees.

• Possibility of long-term exposure of liquid metal in a deep vacuum;
• High degree of metal degassing;
• Possibility to reload the furnace during the melting process;
• The ability to actively influence the intensification of deoxidation and refining processes at any time during smelting;
• The ability to effectively control and regulate the state of the melt by its temperature and chemical composition throughout the entire process;
• Particular purity of the resulting castings due to the absence of any non-metallic inclusions;
• The ability to produce rapid heating (direct heating due to the heat generated in the melt), thereby increasing productivity;
• High homogeneity of the melt due to active mixing of the metal;
• Any form of raw materials (lumpy materials, briquettes, powder, etc.)
• High efficiency and environmental friendliness.

Design of vacuum furnaces

is a high-frequency furnace made of a refractory crucible, placed inside an inductor, which in turn is located inside a sealed housing, from which gases are pumped out by vacuum pumps. The crucible of vacuum furnaces is made from powdered highly refractory materials by packing in an inductor according to a template. Vacuum induction furnaces are mechanized units. Metal pouring can occur either by rotating the furnace inside the chamber, or by rotating the chamber itself as a whole. A vacuum induction melting furnace allows you to independently perform the following operations: adjust the temperature of the melt, change the pressure inside the chamber, mix the melt, and also add other elements to the melt.

The modular principle of constructing vacuum furnaces makes it possible to achieve increased compactness of the furnace, as well as the possibility of connecting additional modules - a chamber for unloading, pouring, and also removing the resulting products.

The design of modern vacuum induction furnaces makes it possible to install molds and unload ingots from them without breaking the vacuum in the furnace. Vacuum induction furnaces are most often automated devices. Loading the charge, introducing additives and additives, and pouring metal are carried out using an electric or hydraulic drive.

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