Insulation with sandwich panels. Relevance of using façade panels with insulation Types of panels – advantages and disadvantages

Finally, the keys to the new apartment are in your hands! And you are already calculating the costs of repairs, imagining the interior design, imagining a noisy housewarming party, and quiet family evenings in a cozy home.

But, before starting interior repair work, check how well the facades of your house are insulated. Most modern new buildings are built with mandatory insulation of facades. But you need to think about insulating an apartment in old houses yourself.

For this purpose, sandwich panels for wall insulation have recently replaced traditional materials (foam plastic).

Cladding sandwich panels are multilayer elements, the outside is lined with metal, and the inside has a layer of insulation (mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam), which is covered with aluminum foil.

The panels are lightweight, which is a huge plus, since often the condition of the building walls and foundation may not withstand the additional load. In addition, the surface of the sandwich panels is durable (does not lose quality under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, low temperatures, and is not afraid of moisture). There will be no additional costs for processing the panels, since they are painted in different colors and the surface can have a variety of textures.

Thermal insulation can be both internal and external. The advantages of the latter are obvious:

A structure whose facade is protected by thermal insulation material will last longer (the wall does not freeze, the effect of atmospheric phenomena is reduced), and also has a more aesthetic appearance;

Insulating walls with sandwich panels improves sound insulation and also creates a favorable temperature regime (condensation does not form, mold and fungi do not grow);

External thermal insulation reduces heat loss, and as a result, the cost of paying for utilities (with an individual heating system);

External insulation of facades with sandwich panels does not reduce the area of ​​the premises (as is the case with internal thermal insulation);

External insulation can be carried out even after major renovations have been made indoors;

The installation of a sandwich panel with polyurethane insulation, like any other panel, is best left to professionals, since it is quite labor-intensive, and if the apartment is above the second floor, it is also a dangerous process.

A qualified craftsman will assess the condition of the wall, select the appropriate material, remove the old finish and carry out thermal insulation work.

Sandwich panels are produced by manufacturers ready-to-use, so the issue of finishing in some cases does not arise at all. For example, during the construction of industrial premises. The product is a three-layer structure consisting of two sheets of galvanized steel and a heat-insulating layer between them. Basalt wool or foamed synthetic materials are used as insulation: polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam and others.

The front surfaces can be smooth or grooved, coated with polymer resins. Due to this, the slabs are produced in various colors, which allows you to create interesting geometric combinations on the outside of the building. Developers of industrial enterprises take advantage of this quality, so as not to additionally have to decide how to finish the sandwich panels. It's a completely different matter when it comes to the construction of private houses. If outside you can still get by with the appearance of the slabs themselves, then inside the premises they should certainly be covered.

Area of ​​use

Sandwich panels are used in the construction of frame houses, as filling between drains and crossbars of the main frame. They are used for exterior decoration as an independent structure or as part of a suspended ventilated facade. This material serves as both insulation and cladding. There are special three-layer roofing products. Both of them are equipped with all kinds of additional elements and layouts, so that during installation you can close the joints and decorate the edges, corners, and transitions. In addition, the products themselves are produced with tongue-and-groove locks, so they are easily and tightly mounted. They can be attached to the sheathing or to a flat surface, if it is level.

Recently, insulated slabs have become often used for interior work. They are used to make internal partitions, stationary and mobile, and they are used to insulate external walls from inside the premises, as well as balconies and loggias. It has become especially popular to use sandwich panels for finishing windows, or rather, slopes. In this case, sandwiches are used with outer layers not of metal, but of plastic and a thinner layer of insulation.

Slope cladding

With the advent of plastic windows, the problem immediately arose of how and with what the slopes should be finished. We tried everything - high-quality plaster, plastic panels and many other options. But the best solution came with the advent of three-layer material. Finishing window slopes with “sandwich” panels simultaneously eliminates “cold bridges” and gives the window opening a complete look. The work is simple and quite affordable to do it yourself. The cladding of window slopes should be done before finishing the walls. These works are done in this order:

• all surfaces around the window frame are cleaned from dust, dirt, and solution build-up;
• a window sill is installed; Most often, a solution based on cement and lime is used for this; to avoid sagging, metal strips are laid under the window sill, and for insulation, the lower part and sides are wrapped in felt; Before use, the insulation is impregnated with an antiseptic to prevent it from rotting and the appearance of insects;
• sealing of voids and junctions between the window and the window sill and the opening is carried out using polyurethane foam; the frozen foam is cut flush with the main surfaces with a painting knife;
• The sandwich panel is cut according to preliminary measurements of the top and sides; the material can be cut very well with a jigsaw or metal file;
• work begins from the upper slope: a starting plastic profile is attached to the frame with self-tapping screws, into which a sandwich of the required size is inserted with a slight slope; the internal gap is filled with mounting foam or liquid nails and pressed against the wall;
• the side parts of the slope finishing are fastened in a similar way; you need to ensure that the slopes fit tightly to the sides of the opening, and excess adhesives should be removed immediately and thoroughly;
• They finish lining the slopes with sandwich panels by attaching the finishing frame in the form of corners to liquid nails.

There are other ways to install window slopes using brackets, sheathing and other devices. But these methods are more complex and time-consuming. They are used in special cases when the design of the window opening or frame requires it.

From the above it is clear that doing the installation work of installing the window sill and slopes on the windows yourself is not such a terrible problem. Moreover, this method of protecting a window opening is successfully used not only for plastic frames, but also for wooden ones. This means that you can build a beautiful frame for a window block without changing the window itself. Moreover, manufacturers have learned to design the front surfaces of sandwiches in a variety of colors and shades, including “wood, marble, granite.” The plastic used is glossy, semi-gloss, matte. Cladding window openings with sandwich slabs can be matched to any interior style.

Interior wall decoration from sandwiches

The premises of frame houses, the outer walls of which are made of “sandwich” slabs, are undoubtedly subject to interior finishing. Since the panel itself inside the room will look too dull and official. At the same time, methods and materials can be absolutely any. Only finishing will require preliminary preparation. Let’s say it’s impossible to paste wallpaper onto sandwiches. Therefore, first you will have to cover the walls with plasterboard. It may be necessary to take additional measures to better insulate the walls. For this purpose, a layer of insulation is laid between the frame profiles, and then it is covered with sheets of plasterboard. The following is the standard procedure: sealing the joints with putty with reinforcing tape, grouting the heads of the screws and wallpapering, tiling, textured plaster, painting over the finishing putty.

Some interior styles require the presence of a large amount of wood. In this case, the owner of the house can use his talent and cover the walls with beautiful lining, imitation timber, and wooden wallpaper. To do this, you need to arrange a frame of beams along the surfaces of the walls, arranging them in such a way that the cladding lies as intended - in a vertical or horizontal position. If the building is built in a frame version and does not require additional insulation, then it is not necessary to install lathing, and wooden cladding can be attached to the frame posts. All work can be done with your own hands, showing maximum imagination. The main thing is to select materials with taste and install them according to all the rules of finishing art.

Hello.

Thanks again for your advice. Let's discuss the designs with you some more.

I would like to outline the construction of a Sandwich House in a Brick House.

We sew a 100mm thick sandwich to a brick wall. The wall is not level, the plaster has fallen off in some places. It is sewn level using anchor screws as tightly as possible to the wall. Without any suspension system or guide profiles. We ensure a tight fit to the wall in several places (bottom, top, middle) using foam, which we apply to the back side of the panel before installing it. We seal the caps of the anchor screws with rubber gaskets or regular silicone sealant. The bottom to the floor and the top of the panels to the ceiling are foamed, the side joints (groove to groove) are also foamed, you can also silicone it all. So the entire perimeter. Window and door openings - sealed finish, for example, with metal sheets. From the window profile to the edge of the sandwich with foaming of the slopes and siliconing of the joints. On the floor (screed or tile), the plinth is screwed to the sandwich. Afterwards, the ceiling is assembled in the same way. The joints to the walls are foamed and siliconized. The top plinth is also screwed to the sandwich.

I understand perfectly well that there will be air outside the perimeter of the sandwiches. Maybe it will somehow penetrate there, but not through direct contact to the wall. He will need to travel a distance of 100 mm. I think that it will pass through the dew point, and at the contact with the wall it will already be cold. Or will it come from the side of the bricks? Can you explain please. Or it will remain there since the summer and at the first frost it will condense in the outer layers of the bricks and remain there until the end of winter. And next summer it will be saturated with moisture again. But during winter it turns out that there is no place for it to come from? With this option, it seems to me that condensation will occur only once a year - in the fall. Maybe I'm wrong. It seems to me that the same thing happens in an ordinary uninsulated thick wall of 5 or 6 bricks in the layers outer to the street. Please comment.

I want to ask you about external insulation.

• Is it possible to insulate the outside hermetically, for example, also with sandwiches, or with polystyrene foam (foam the joints). Also a House within a House, only bricks in a sandwich. How then is moisture removed from the structure itself (concrete, bricks, floor slabs)?
• What will happen if there is insulation from the inside (5cm polystyrene foam is sewn with plasterboard in part of our room) and we make insulation from the outside (sealed).
• Is it possible to seal a wall or ceiling on both sides, for example, on the outside with foam or sandwich insulation, and on the inside with tiles up to the ceiling around the perimeter (washing room). Or a sandwich on the outside, and a sandwich on the inside (the same washing room)
• I have often seen that they insulate with (special) cotton wool and, when sheathing with decorative panels, leave space under the sheathing. This is a feature of insulation specifically with cotton wool (to remove moisture from the dew point) or for all insulation materials.

With an internal wall made of aerated concrete, it’s good, but a lot of space is stolen, but in fact this is the same internal insulation, and it will get wet inside the wall.

Thank you. I'm waiting for your answers.

The advent of sandwich panels made it possible to construct buildings very quickly. Today, thanks to wall and roof panels, not only warehouses, pavilions, terminals and other industrial structures are built, but also private houses. Such wide distribution of sandwich panels is due to a lot of advantages: speed and ease of installation, lightness of construction, aesthetics and cost-effectiveness of the material, excellent heat and sound insulation qualities. The constantly growing demand for the material has led to an increase in the range, and today, without preparation, you can only decide on the color, and there are more than 600 shades available. But here how to choose a sandwich panel with the right type of insulation, suitable thickness and profile?

No. 1. Sandwich panel production technology

- This is a multilayer material consisting of a layer of insulation covered on both sides with metal or PVC. Its quality depends not only on the raw materials used, but also on the production method. At the moment, sandwich panels are produced in the following ways:

No. 2. Type of facing material

Can be used as a facing material sheets of steel, plastic, plasterboard orOSB panels. Naturally, metal sheets the most durable, their thickness varies from 0.5 to 0.7 mm, and performance largely depends on the type and thickness of the anti-corrosion coating. Usually steel sheets galvanized, and the thicker the zinc layer, the more durable the panels will be. Alternatively it is used aluminum zinc coating(galvaluma), which was specially developed to protect sandwich panels and perfectly resists the effects of atmospheric moisture and sunlight.

Also used Galfan covering(an alloy of zinc, aluminum, lanthanum and cerium), which, with a smaller thickness, surpasses zinc coating in ductility and resistance to mechanical damage. Often panels are also coated with polymer over a layer of protective alloy. In this way, an improvement in weather resistance is achieved.

Drywall allows you to get lighter sandwich panels, but they can only be used for installing internal partitions. OSB panels(oriented strand boards) - the base, which also includes polystyrene foam insulation. The structural features of OSB boards allow them to securely hold fasteners, thereby increasing the strength of the finished structure. Such sandwich panels are used for arranging floors, walls and roofs.

No. 3. Type of insulation

The insulation layer can vary in thickness from 5 to 30 cm, and sandwich panels with a thickness of more than 15 cm are used mainly in the construction of refrigeration chambers. The following materials can be used as insulation:

• polystyrene;

They all have a certain set of advantages and disadvantages. So, mineral wool does not support combustion and is environmentally friendly; rodents will not live in this. One of the disadvantages is hygroscopicity, so great attention must be paid to the tightness of the finished structure, because when moisture is absorbed, the thermal insulation properties deteriorate. However, it is mineral wool today that is most often used by domestic manufacturers in the manufacture of sandy panels.

Polystyrene– durable, moisture-proof material with high thermal insulation properties. It is susceptible to the negative effects of sunlight, but thanks to the sheathing of steel sheets, this disadvantage can be avoided. Polystyrene burns easily, releasing toxic substances; rodents can live in it.

Polyurethane foam is in great demand in a number of European countries, as it has a minimum of disadvantages with a huge number of advantages, for which it is so loved in European countries. Among the advantages of the material, it is worth highlighting its resistance to moisture: even if water seeps into the insulation, it will not cause any negative consequences. This type of insulation is very light, which simplifies the transportation of panels, their installation, and reduces the load on the foundation. The main advantage is low thermal conductivity, 2 times lower than that of mineral wool, and 1.5 times lower than that of polystyrene. Polyisocyanurate, a type of polyurethane foam, has self-extinguishing properties, and it is this material that is increasingly used today as insulation for sandwich panels. In addition, the insulation will not become a place for development. Among the disadvantages, it is worth highlighting the possibility of damage by rodents.

No. 4. What is the difference between roofing and wall sandwich panels?

The basic principle of constructing wall and roof sandwich panels is the same, but there are still some differences in the design that make it preferable to use some panels for roofing and others for roofing.

The first difference is the profile of the steel sheet. For the construction of walls, smooth sheets or log-shaped sheets and microwaves are used. Roof panels have a high profile for greater strength and stability so that the roof can handle heavy snow weight in winter. The steel sheets can be profiled on both sides for even greater stability. In addition, for roofing panels Higher density insulation is used.

Another difference is the type of lock, which connects the panels. Roofing sandwich panels are distinguished by a more complex lock, which is necessary in order to overcome the pressure of the atmosphere and precipitation. Also roofing panels feature an even thicker anti-corrosion layer than wall panels.

No. 5. Required parameters of sandwich panels

For building walls Sandwich panels with a width of 1.1 and 1.5 m are used, but the length can vary widely - from 2 to 18.5 m, so that you can easily and simply build a building with any necessary parameters. Width roofing sandwich panels, as a rule, is 1 m, length - from 1 to 16 m. In addition, it is important to remember that when installing roofing panels, you must adhere to a slope of 7 degrees.

If everything is more or less clear with the length and width, and their choice depends on the parameters of the building that needs to be built, then here selection of panel thickness– this is a more responsible process. This parameter is calculated on the basis of thermal engineering calculations: it is labor-intensive, but not the most complex, and requires taking into account many factors. The calculation method is easy to find on the Internet, and even easier - use a special calculation calculator or seek help from specialists.

When choosing panel thickness, you must take into account the purpose of the building, the planned internal temperature, climatic features of the region, thermal conductivity coefficient, etc. For example, if the building is located in the Moscow region, and the temperature inside it is planned to be +18 0 C, then the thickness of the wall panels with mineral wool insulation should be 15 cm, with polystyrene foam insulation - 12 cm. Under similar conditions, the thickness of the roofing sandwich panels panels with mineral wool insulation will be 25 cm, with expanded polystyrene insulation - 18 cm.

When selecting the required thickness it is also important take into account the costs of

Of course, the main component of a sandwich panel is its insulation. It is he who determines how comfortable winters will be in your home. The insulation must meet the following requirements:

• Have very significant thermal insulation properties;
• If possible, have minimal weight;
• Have a high strength index;
• Be able to maintain its characteristics even at high humidity levels;
• Tolerate low and high temperatures without problems;
• Be completely safe for humans, that is, do not contain harmful substances and do not burn;
• To be durable, that is, not to lose its properties over time;
• Have a low cost.

The modern market offers insulation with sandwich panels that have mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam in their construction. A panel with one or another insulation has both disadvantages and advantages. Panels with polyurethane foam have ideal thermal insulation properties, but are quite expensive, and therefore are used only in specialized rooms and freezers. Private construction is carried out mainly using mineral wool and expanded polystyrene.

The main advantage of mineral wool is its resistance to fire. Polystyrene foam has a wider list of advantages: environmental friendliness (98 percent of it consists of air), low thermal conductivity, low weight, highest performance, unpretentiousness, durability and minimal production time.

Mineral wool has a lot of disadvantages. It absorbs excess moisture, which leads to subsidence, damage to the integrity of the structure and freezing. Installation of mineral wool is quite difficult, and the large mass leads to an increased load on the foundation. The disadvantage of polystyrene foam is its low degree of fire resistance.

The use of sandwich panels with mineral wool is relevant, first of all, in structures that require maximum protection from open flames. The bulk of prefabricated buildings fall into this category. It is absolutely not advisable to use panels with mineral wool in car washes, refrigerators, and food processing plants. Foam panels are perfect for the reconstruction and construction of buildings, regardless of their purpose. Mainly, this group consists of buildings that require ideal moisture resistance, hygiene, practicality and minimal cost. If we talk about the ratio of quality and price, then foam-based panels can be called the most reasonable option. They can be safely used in all buildings whose roofs and walls belong to the second or higher fire resistance categories.