Installation of a wooden floor in a house made of aerated concrete. Preparation and installation of wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete. Prefabricated floors made from standard slabs for aerated concrete buildings

The advantages of installing wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete include low load on the walls, affordable cost of building materials, the ability to implement complex and non-standard projects, no need for lifting equipment and ease of installation. The installation technology is considered simple; special attention is paid to the correct distribution of the load on the blocks, treating the wood with fire retardants and antiseptics, and protecting the structure from external influences.

Material calculation

The approximate load on the timber and walls is 400 kg/m2 (if necessary, its exact value can be found by adding the weight of the structures and furniture). The cross-section of load-bearing lumber is selected taking into account the provision of deflection within 1/300 of the main span. The permissible length of a wooden beam is 6 m; when choosing its size, you need to extend at least 15 cm onto the aerated concrete partitions. The recommended spacing of the supports varies in the region of 60-100 cm, but no more. We recommend that you read others.

The standard scheme includes elements with a cross-section of 50×100 and above, located transversely to the main span, sheathed underneath with boards, steam, heat and waterproofing layers, and flooring that acts as a floor or protects the insulation from external influences. The calculation comes down to choosing the cross-section and pitch of the load-bearing supports, which in turn depend on the area of ​​the room and the magnitude of the loads expected on the aerated concrete and the floor. It is easier to take the recommended sizes of wooden beams from the tables:

	Beam cross-section, mm
Span length, m	2	3	4	5	6
With a beam pitch of 60 cm and a default load of 400 kg/m2	75×100	75×200	100×200	150×200	150×225
The same, with a step of 1 m	75×150	100×175	125×200	150×225	175×250
With a step of 1 m and a calculated load on the wooden floor of 150 kg/m2		50×140	60×180	80×200	100×220
The same at 200 kg/m 2		50×160	70×180	100×200	140×220
-/- 250 kg/m 2		60×160	70×200	120×200	160×220
-/- 300 kg/m 2		70×160	80×200	120×220	200×220

It is easy to see that knowing the exact value of weight loads allows you to save at least 20% on the purchase of wooden beams. The amount of remaining lumber is determined by taking into account the area of ​​the premises and the size of the staircase opening (if any). When drawing up estimates, mandatory expenses include the costs of treating wood with antiseptics and fire retardants. The dimensions and type of insulation are selected based on the intended purpose of the structure: 10 cm is enough to overlap between floors; the main task of the layer in this case is to provide good sound insulation; preference is given to breathable fibrous materials. When laying it on the ground floor (floors on the ground), the minimum is 20 cm, when arranging the attic - 15-20.

DIY Installation Guide

For interfloor and attic floors, work begins after laying the reinforced belt on top of aerated concrete blocks along the entire perimeter of the walls.

1. Preparation of the material. Elements of the required length are cut at an angle of 60-70° in the area where the aerated concrete is approached from the top side and wrapped with roofing felt or roofing felt.

2. Preparation. Pieces of insulation are placed between the future beam and the outer wall and a gap is left for free air circulation.

3. Installation of supports, starting from the outermost elements according to the selected scheme. For fixation to the armored belt (U-shaped blocks or reinforced reinforced concrete tape), metal corners or studs treated with anti-corrosion compounds are used. This stage should not be carried out by yourself; level placement requires the strength of at least two people; the level of each support is carefully checked.

4. Fixing the vapor barrier taking into account the recommended overlap. This layer is mandatory when separating two floors or an attic; when assembling the floor of the first floor in a house made of aerated concrete, films or membranes are replaced with denser and more reliable roll waterproofing.

5. Installation of a roll-up that serves as a ceiling. Boards with a thickness of 25 cm or more or sheet materials, such as plasterboard, are attached to the underside of the beams. At this stage, you need to make a ventilation gap of 1-2 cm between them and the vapor barrier.

6. Placement of insulation between wooden elements. To determine the thickness of this layer, it is advisable to make a thermal engineering calculation; in the absence of data, the minimum is taken equal to 10 cm. Thermal insulation is laid without gaps, tightly adjacent to the beams; mineral wool slabs or mats with springy edges are best suited for these purposes; they are easy to use and preserve the ability of wood and aerated concrete blocks to pass air.

7. Protection of insulation from getting wet. In this case, thin waterproofing membranes and films have optimal characteristics; roofing felt is used mainly in attics.

8. Covering with logs and laying the future floor. When laying interfloor floors, it can be made from tongue-and-groove boards, plywood or chipboard sheets; the final version depends on the type of flooring. When arranging unused attics, in order to save money, this stage is skipped; laying over the beams of the bridges for moving is enough.

9. Decorative finishing of the ceiling. Large beams are sometimes left open, but such an interior will not be appropriate everywhere; in residential buildings, the lower flooring is lined with clapboard, plaster or covered with tensile structures.

The instructions given are suitable for installing floors of any configuration over aerated concrete with a density of at least 400 kg/m 3 and expanded clay concrete. The main risk area is the contact areas of wood, blocks and metal. Direct abutment is avoided; insulation or synthetic materials are laid in these areas of the walls and gaps are left. Mandatory conditions include choosing the right wood: without large knots, cracks and weak areas and with a moisture content not exceeding 15%. Glued or dried timber and ready-made I-beams have the necessary characteristics.

To ensure maximum operational reliability of the ceiling during its assembly, it is recommended:

• Connect beams using screws rather than nails.
• Take into account fire safety requirements and impregnate materials not only with antiseptics, but also with fire retardants. All elements are processed in advance; only dry timber is laid on the aerated concrete walls. To save money, you can carry out this stage yourself.
• Carry out an accurate calculation of the thickness and coordinate the obtained data with the parameters of the armored belt. In order to prevent the formation of cold bridges in houses in these areas, a thin layer of thermal insulation is laid, ideally protecting both of these structures. Laying mineral wool or foam plastic only on the side of the reinforced belt or ceiling is a violation; an exception is made only when using U-shaped blocks to increase the load-bearing capacity of walls.
• Treat metal fasteners with anti-corrosion compounds.

A wooden beam floor is optimal only in low-rise buildings made of aerated concrete; for other options, the design is entrusted to specialists.

The construction of houses from aerated blocks has been very popular lately. This is due to the fact that aerated concrete blocks allow you to build a house quickly. The walls are warm, breathable, and it’s easy to get a smooth wall surface.

When determining the design of a house, the question arises as to what type of flooring is best for houses made of aerated concrete blocks. First, we will give a brief overview of the possible options, and then we will focus on wooden interfloor floors in a house made of aerated concrete.

Which cover is better?

In a house made of aerated concrete, you can install various types of interfloor floors. The most common are floors made of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, monolithic reinforced concrete and wooden beams.

Brief characteristics of reinforced concrete floors

Reinforced concrete floors have all the characteristics necessary for floors:

• strength;
• durability;
• high load-bearing capacity;
• good sound insulation;
• high fire resistance and non-flammability.

But, at the same time, there are a number of disadvantages that need to be taken into account when choosing a reinforced concrete floor.

Precast concrete panel floor. In the case of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, it must be taken into account that the plan and configuration of the building do not always allow for the optimal selection of the panel of the required size. Since the panels are produced only in rectangular shapes, they cannot cover rounded areas and rooms of irregular geometric shape. Then there are areas that have to be additionally sealed with monolithic reinforced concrete. Despite the fact that the installation of reinforced concrete panels themselves is a fairly quick process, it is the installation that may become a factor due to which it will be necessary to abandon prefabricated panels, since not all areas have the opportunity for a crane to arrive to install them.

Advantages:

• quick installation.

Flaws:

• restrictions on size and shape;
• the need for an entrance for the crane during installation.

Monolithic concrete floor. A monolithic ceiling is convenient because its installation does not require large equipment and it can be made of any size and shape. But constructing a monolith is a very labor-intensive process. This includes the production and installation of formwork, the installation of a metal frame, the preparation of concrete and its pouring, and the care of concrete during the hardening process. Moreover, when pouring concrete, it is necessary to follow certain technological rules to ensure its uniform distribution in the mass of the slab, which significantly affects the quality of the product. Labor intensity, duration and a large number of so-called “wet processes” may make you think about looking for another option for the floor design.

Advantages:

• the ability to make floors of any shape;
• no large equipment needed.

Flaws:

• high complexity and duration of the process;
• wet process;
• you need a large amount of water, and there may not yet be such volumes of it on the site;
• the need to comply with technological regimes for preparing and laying concrete.

A significant disadvantage for concrete floors when choosing a floor material for a house made of aerated concrete blocks is its weight. Considering that aerated concrete is a porous material, it is more fragile than just concrete and brick. And, therefore, in houses made of aerated concrete it is preferable to use a lighter floor structure.

Brief characteristics of wooden floors

Therefore, very often the choice is made on wooden floors. Wooden floors are lighter than concrete, cheaper, and can cover rooms of various configurations.

Manufacturing and installation of wooden floors is not complicated. To install such a ceiling, you do not need large equipment; you can use homemade winches and hand tools.

Advantages:

• a light weight;
• flexibility in configuration;
• availability of assortment of wood;
• not difficult installation.

Flaws:

• flammability;
• the need for antiseptic protection.

Wooden flooring: design and installation

The load-bearing element of a wooden floor is a beam. Basically, beams are made from solid wood or laminated veneer lumber. But it can be used for beams and logs of the appropriate diameter. The approximate dimensions of the beam sections depending on the pitch of the beams and the overlapped span can be seen in the table.

Table of sections of wooden floor beams depending on the span and pitch of the beams, the estimated load on the floor is 400 kg/m2.

	Span, m
Beam spacing, m	2,0	2,5	3,0	4,0	4,5	5,0	6,0
	Beam cross-section, mm
0,6	75x100	75x150	75x200	100x200	100x200	125x200	150x225
1,0	75x150	100x150	100x175	125x200	150x200	150x225	175x250
	Log diameter, mm
1,0	110	130	140	170	190	200	230
0,6	130	150	170	210	230	240	270

Fastening the beam to the wall. During the construction of the wall, floor beams begin to be laid out at the design height. The beams are inserted into the wall at a distance of at least 12 centimeters. The end of the beam, which is inserted into the wall, must be covered with a waterproofing material: wrapped in roofing felt, covered with bitumen mastic or other sealant with antiseptic additives.

There should be a small air gap around the beam; the beam should not sit rigidly. To do this, they also make a bevel at the end of the beam at an angle of 60-80 degrees. Polystyrene insulation is installed between the end of the beam and the outer part of the wall.

If it is necessary to lengthen the beams, this is done in the form of a lock: the beams are connected to each other with an overlap of 0.5 to 1.0 m and fastened with bolts. It is advisable to place the joints of the beams above an internal wall or other support.

Floor structure design. To provide heat and sound insulation to the floor, sound and heat insulation is laid between the beams. For this purpose, a groove is made in the lower part of the beams, for securing which cranial bars with a section size of 50x50 mm are nailed along the bottom of the beams. Insulating materials must fit tightly to the beams. The bottom of the beams is lined with plywood, OSB board, or plasterboard.

Logs are laid on top of the beams, and a subfloor is laid on top of them. To improve sound insulation, special noise and vibration absorbing pads can be laid under the subfloor and under the joists.

To improve sound insulation and in order to reduce the possibility of the ceiling sagging due to the influence of gravity on the floor of the upper floor, there is an option to install the floor and ceiling along separated beams. The main idea of ​​this method is to divide the floor structure and make different load-bearing beams for the floor of the upper floor and for the ceiling of the lower floor. To do this, the floor is laid on the main supporting beams.

The floor beams are laid directly on the wall with an armored belt. Between them in the middle, ceiling beams are mounted, which are attached to the wall with brackets.

Ceiling beams are installed with the same pitch as the load-bearing beams, so the distance between adjacent beams will be 0.3 or 0.5 meters, respectively. The ceiling beams will not bear large loads; their main task is to support the suspended ceiling and the pie made of soundproofing materials. Therefore, according to calculations, ceiling beams can be installed with a smaller cross-section. To place sound insulation, ceiling beams are placed 10-12 cm below the load-bearing ones. In this way, the floor and ceiling are not connected to each other and possible deflections and sounds from the floor structure are not transmitted to the ceiling structure.

Construction of a monolithic belt of an aerated concrete house: why is it important

In houses made of aerated concrete blocks, floor beams are laid along a monolithic belt. A monolithic belt in houses made of aerated concrete blocks is a mandatory structural element. It helps to evenly distribute the load from the floor beams onto the wall, which helps ensure that the aerated concrete in the places where the beams are placed is not overloaded and does not crack. The monolithic belt must be solid and placed around the entire perimeter of the building. This belt is important for aerated concrete houses. In addition to distributing the load from the floor, it also serves to generally preserve the integrity and stability of the house structure, protects against possible destruction and deformation due to possible soil shrinkage and slight movements of the foundation. Therefore, special attention is paid to the construction of a monolithic belt.

There are special U-shaped gas blocks for constructing a monolithic belt.

Reinforcement is placed inside this block - 2-4 rods with a diameter of 8-12 mm.

The bottom row of rods is placed on special spacers so that a protective layer of concrete is formed underneath the reinforcement.

If there are no ready-made narrow blocks, then they can be cut from standard ones; aerated concrete cuts well. You can also make a U-block yourself by cutting out the inside of the block with a handsaw.

The frame is made from reinforcement.

Important! The reinforcement is not welded, but twisted using wire.

At junction points, it is advisable to avoid right angles by bending the reinforcement in an arc.

You can attach embedded parts (rods) to it, to which the floor beams will be attached. On the outside of the wall, the monolithic belt is insulated with polystyrene. The cavity of the U-shaped block is then filled with concrete.

and filled with concrete

Since special blocks are expensive or may not be on sale, a monolithic belt can be made as an ordinary concrete belt with a metal frame.

In order to ensure that the place of its installation is not visually visible on the outer wall, the installation of the reinforced belt is carried out as follows: we install aerated concrete blocks 100 mm thick along the outer wall. Then, to avoid the formation of cold bridges, we lay 50 mm polystyrene. On the inside of the wall we place formwork from a wooden panel, and lay an armored belt in the resulting space.

Useful video:

We also recommend:

Aerated concrete is a modern energy-saving material for the construction of summer houses, houses and cottages. These are lightweight slabs for building walls that can crack from excessive pressure. It is for this reason that wooden ones are the best way with the least stress. The only disadvantage of this material is its low strength.

Advantages of wooden floors

There is no need to install bulky and heavy reinforced concrete reinforcement if you do it exactly according to the aerated concrete house. After all, wooden floors are distinguished by their lightness and ease of installation.

Wooden floors of a foam block house

The advantages of wooden floors include:

• a light weight;
• large assortment of wood;
• low cost;
• simple and quick installation;
• environmental friendliness;
• flexibility in configuration.

Important!

When installing ceilings on the first floor, attic, basement or underground, it is necessary to treat wooden elements with anti-flammable and moisture-repellent agents. This will help avoid the occurrence of fungus and mold, and will also reduce the possibility of flammability of the floors.

Construction of a house made of aerated concrete with a wooden floor

The disadvantages include:

• flammability;
• the need for treatment with antiseptic and fire retardant agents.

Covering the first floor with wooden beams

Wooden floors are laid on load-bearing beams. They are usually made from glued or solid timber.

Options for arranging basement and attic floors

There are three types of floors:

• beam;
• ribbed;
• beam-ribbed.

Beam floors can consist of beams on which a subfloor is laid, then insulation and decorative flooring materials.

Interfloor ceiling made of wooden beams

Ribbed ones are rarely used. This type of flooring is used if the house is built from a wooden frame. A distinctive feature is the frequent laying of ribs and sheathing. Acceptable 0.3 - 0.5 m. Acceptable fin sizes: up to 5 m length, up to 0.3 m width. The floors are sheathed using OSB boards, chipboard or plywood. Mineral wool is used as sound insulation.

Ribbed wooden floor

Beam-ribbed floors consist of beams and ribs. In this case, the ribs are laid over the beams. The number of beams in this method will be required significantly less. Wood consumption is reduced, but installation becomes more complicated.

Ribbed beam floor

Wooden floor construction

The crossbars are installed at the construction stage, simultaneously with the construction of the walls.

The height and cross-section of the beam for the ceiling depend on:

• step frequency;
• beam thickness;
• the size of the load on the load-bearing floors;
• type of wood beams.

Important!

For a span of 5 m in length, a beam measuring 18*10cm or 20*7.5cm is used. Such beams are laid every 60 cm. Under increased loads, such a section can cause deflection. Therefore, you should increase the frequency of laying beams, but do not overload the structure.

Installation of wooden floor beams

Installation of crossbars into the wall is sealed to 12 cm. The end of the beam, which is attached to the wall, must be treated with waterproofing. Air space must be left around the beam. To prevent the crossbar from sitting too rigidly, its end is cut down at a slope of 70 degrees. Wooden spacers 2 cm thick are installed under the beam to distribute the weight evenly. When wood comes into contact with various materials, a waterproofing layer is laid from:

• bitumen agents, primer;
• rolled roofing felt, bitumen or roofing felt;
• liquid waterproofing agent based on bitumen;
• linochrome

Installation of wooden beams in the walls of the house

The crossbar is extended in the form of a lock. Two bars are connected with an overlap of 50-100 cm and fastened with bolts. It is very important to make the joints above the support.

Crossbar extension

Then the structure is supplemented with heat and sound insulation. The insulating layer must adhere closely to the ceilings. Therefore, a roll is made in their lower part to secure the cranial bars with a cross section of 5*5cm. The bottom of the floor is hemmed with OSB, chipboard, plywood or plasterboard.

Ceiling insulation with mineral wool

Logs are laid along the constructed beams, and a plank floor is placed on top of them. Vibration- and noise-absorbing pads are laid under the rough coating.

Insulation between joists

To avoid sagging of the ceiling due to excessive loads on the flooring of the upper floor, the ceiling can be installed using separated crossbars. Why divide the floor structure, for which supporting beams are installed separately.

In general, the structure of a wooden attic floor pie consists of layers:

• load-bearing beams;
• logs, insulation, sound insulation, vapor barrier;
• rough board flooring;
• facing floor covering.

Wooden attic floor pie

Features of the technology for installing wooden floors

The first step in constructing a wooden floor for a house is always the calculation of the structural elements.

1. Installation must begin along the shortest wall of the room.
2. The flooring pitch is often 1 meter and often depends on the cross-section of the floor beam. The smaller the cross-section, the smaller the step.

Advice!

It is better to use timber with a large cross-section and a rare installation step than to install a palisade made of weak material.

Interfloor wooden floors

1. The first beam is carefully aligned using a level. Its surface must be perfectly flat.
2. The beam must withstand loads of up to 400 kilograms per 1 square meter of the entire area.
3. The most acceptable size of the supporting beam is the ratio of 1.5 parts of height to 1 part of width.

Installation of interfloor wooden floors

The second step is preparation for installation.

At the stage of wall construction, it is necessary to provide attachment points for the beams of the future floor with the following parameters:

• The crossbar spacing is 1 meter;
• beam depth – 30 cm;
• beam width – 30 cm.

After installation of the beam, the end sides are treated with waterproofing and insulating materials, while the air space is not filled with any additional materials, but remains free.

Wooden floor of the house - top view

The final third step is to assemble the floor pie, which consists of the following operations:

1. Before installation, it is necessary to impregnate all wooden structural elements with moisture- and fire-resistant impregnations. The ends are not processed.
2. Beams are carefully measured and installed around the perimeter of the room so that on both sides of the fastening there remains up to 40-50cm of the size of the room. The beams must be given a trapezoidal shape by sawing it off at an angle of 70 degrees. This technique will add strength to the structure.
3. We install the outer beams strictly according to the level and, using a perpendicular beam, center them. The ends of the beams should not rest closely. When installing, it is necessary to leave a gap of 2-4 cm for ventilation.
4. Having leveled and installed all the floor beams evenly, they are fixed with dry crushed stone. Then, the planting nests are concreted with a solution of crushed stone and cement.
5. After the crushed stone-concrete screed has completely dried, thermal insulation is performed. To do this, you need to cover it with a layer of expanded polystyrene, or ecoauts; you can also use expanded clay.
6. A hydrobarrier is laid on top of the heat-insulating layer. As a waterproofing agent you can use: liquid rubber, injection resins, bitumen mastic or seamless polyurea.
7. Then the logs are laid. A beam 5 cm thick is used as the material for the base. A transverse layer of the subfloor is laid on top of the joists using self-tapping screws. The material for the subfloor is additionally treated with an antiseptic.
8. For the ceiling we follow the same steps as for the flooring. We glue the layer of waterproofing, secure the logs, and proceed to installing the ceiling.
9. The final stage will be the finishing of the floor and ceiling structures.

In houses made of aerated concrete, it would not be superfluous to equip a monolithic aerated concrete belt for laying floor beams. It is created using special aerated concrete blocks, which allow the load to be evenly distributed on the load-bearing walls. It is thanks to the distribution of the load that aerated concrete slabs do not crack.

Important!

The contact zone between wood and stone material leads to the formation of condensation and subsequent rotting of wooden materials. That is why it is very important to avoid direct contact of wood with concrete and metal. Be sure to lay waterproofing material.

Installation of wooden floor beams

The low strength of aerated concrete requires the installation of a support cushion. Calculation of loads and correct selection of materials, taking into account the small thickness of the walls, significantly reduces the likelihood of cladding the external unit, but at the same time, allows for high-quality insulation with foaming compounds.

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, working with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist.” Teacher of history and cultural theory." Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to present. Editor: since 2016.

Wooden floors in aerated concrete houses can be interfloor, basement, or attic. This is the most economical option that you can make yourself.

Advantages of wooden floors

Load-bearing structures made of wood have a number of positive characteristics:

• light weight;
• environmental friendliness;
• low cost;
• ease of installation;
• wide choice of wood;
• flexibility in configuration.

Wood improves the microclimate in a room made of aerated concrete blocks, promotes air circulation and maintains normal humidity.

Preparation before carrying out work on the manufacture of the floor frame

Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare building materials for installing the frame and walls. Aerated concrete needs to be reinforced; it does not tolerate compressive loads well. This is especially true for frames between floors, including wooden floors in aerated concrete buildings with a basement.

The foundation is under load from the weight of the building material, installed furniture, and people living in the room. Structural elements are also subject to vertical pressure, which also affects aerated concrete walls.

Reinforcement is carried out when laying walls every 4 rows. This procedure prevents the interaction of wall concrete with wooden beams, which are attached to the belt with reinforced plates. The reinforcement is laid in grooves cut into blocks measuring 1.2*1.2 cm.

To arrange beam floors, you will need the following materials:

• Beams made of wood without weak areas, large knots, or laminated veneer lumber with a size of 50*150 mm.
• Wooden blocks 5*5 cm.
• Waterproofing in rolls and coating.
• Plywood, lining or other material for lining beam floors from the inside.
• Antiseptic, fire retardant impregnation.
• Sand, cement, crushed stone.

Wood processing methods and installation of load-bearing beams

Wood raw materials have some disadvantages; to eliminate them, the material is processed:

• special impregnations from rotting, fungus, mold;
• solutions, preventing the penetration of moisture;
• heat-resistant products, reducing the flammability level of wood.

Steel structural elements must be treated with anti-corrosion mixtures.

Installation of the supporting structure begins with laying power beams in increments of no more than 1 meter on the walls with an overlap of more than 15 cm.

The outermost wooden beams are installed first. Using a long board placed at the end, they are leveled. They should not be in close contact with the walls, but have a gap of 3–4 cm, which is later filled with insulation.

The remaining beams are mounted horizontally at the level of the outer ones. If the supports are not long enough, they can be extended with the same material. The bars are connected with bolts with an overlap of 0.5–1 meter. This type of fastening is considered reliable.

The beam is attached to the armored belt with anchor plates. The ends of the beams are cut at an angle of approximately 70° for better moisture release. The wood is coated with an antiseptic and heat-resistant impregnation. Oil-based substances and paints are not recommended for these purposes. They disrupt the process of natural evaporation of moisture.

The parts of the beams extending beyond the wall are coated with bitumen mastic and wrapped with rolled roofing felt in several layers. The outer ends are insulated with expanded polystyrene.

To insulate, the voids between the beams are filled with aerated concrete blocks or bricks with gaps between different materials of 2–3 cm. Mineral wool is driven into the voids. It prevents the wood from becoming damp and prevents condensation.

Calculation of the size of a wooden floor

It is important to correctly calculate the interfloor elements; the durability of an aerated concrete house directly depends on this. Before starting construction, it is necessary to determine the length and cross-section of the beams.

It is difficult to calculate the total load on an aerated concrete block and timber. Its total value is taken to be 400 kg/m², this includes the mass of the structure, furniture, and inhabitants.

To determine the cross-section, the table below shows the span length and the spacing of the logs.

Span, m	Laying pitch, m
	0,6	1
	Beam section, cm
7	15*30	20*27,5
6	15*22,5	17,5*25
5	12,5*20	15*22,5
4	10*20	12,5*20
3	7,5*20	12,5*20

Let the span length in a house made of aerated concrete be 4 m, and beams are installed every 60 cm. From the data in the table it can be seen that timber with a cross section of 100*200 mm is suitable for construction.

It is important to take into account that the boards extend into the wall at least 15 cm, so the length of the supporting structure is 4.3 m (4 = 0.15 = 0.15).

The thickness of the beams is determined depending on the expected load, plus a margin of 15–20%. When calculating the step between them, take into account:

• span width;
• type of wood;
• load on the structure.

The larger the span, the more often the ribs need to be laid. This will prevent them from bending under their own and additional weight.

The cross-section of lumber should ensure a deflection of no more than 1/300 of the size of the floor span. For good load resistance, building materials up to 6 m long are used.

After calculating the dimensions of the structural elements, they begin to purchase the necessary materials.

Wooden floor installation technology

Due to the specific properties of wood, the installation of floors in a house has some design features. All load-bearing elements are reinforced with metal: connections are secured with stainless steel plates. If the room area is large, additional elements are added: columns or crossbars.

The construction of a wooden supporting structure in a house made of aerated concrete is carried out in a certain sequence.

Step #1

Calculation of structural elements:

• Installation begins on the short side of the room.
• The pitch of the flooring directly depends on the cross-section of the timber. It is better to lay material with a large cross-section less often than to place material with a small cross-section more often.
• The first beam is mounted perfectly level and level.
• Wooden beams must withstand pressure of up to 400 kg per 1 m².
• The optimal size of the load-bearing element is the height-to-width ratio of 1.5 to 1.

Step #2

Preparing for installation. When erecting walls, you need to mark the places where the beams will be attached with the following characteristics:

• crossbar pitch- 1m;
• timber depth- 0.3 m;
• width of building material- 0.3 m.

The ends of the installed boards are treated with waterproofing and insulated. There is no need to fill the remaining air space with anything.

Step #3

Layout of the supporting structure pie. The process includes the following operations:

Scheme of the “pie” of a wooden floor

• All elements of the wooden floor, with the exception of the ends, are treated with moisture and fire retardant impregnations.
• The beams are measured and laid around the perimeter of the room, with 0.4-0.5 m of the size of the room left on each side of the fastening. To impart strength, “corners” are sawn off from them at an angle of 70°, i.e., the elements are given a trapezoidal shape.
• The outer ribs are mounted level and centered. The gap for ventilation should be 2-4 cm.
• All laid main boards are fixed with dry crushed stone, the landing recesses are concreted with a mixture of cement and crushed stone.
• Thermal insulation with a layer of at least 100 mm is done after the screed has completely hardened. Polystyrene foam, ecowool or expanded clay are suitable for filler.
• A hydraulic barrier made of liquid rubber, injection resin, bituminous agents or seamless polyurea is laid on top.
• Lags are laid. The base material is beams 5 cm thick. A subfloor is attached to them crosswise with self-tapping screws, the material of which is pre-impregnated with an antiseptic.
• The ceiling is laid in the same sequence as the flooring.
• The final stage is finishing the structures.

In a house made of aerated concrete, you can make a monolithic belt of aerated concrete for installing wooden floors. It is created from special gas blocks that evenly distribute pressure on the walls. This will prevent cracking of the wall slabs.

If the construction of a house is carried out from aerated concrete, the best floor for it is wooden. This is the most economical option that can be made by hand.

Installation requires only two people. Another advantage of wood is its light weight, which is very important for aerated concrete.

Wooden floors in aerated concrete houses can be interfloor, basement and attic. The fundamental difference between them is small, but there are some features of their arrangement.

Flooring materials

• Wooden beams. Material - solid wood or laminated veneer lumber. Their dimensions should not be less than 50x150 mm. They should not have weakened areas or large knots that could affect their load-bearing capacity. The wood must be dry at the time of installation. The specific dimensions of the beams depend on the length of the span to be covered and the pitch of their installation. This provides a calculated load of 400 kg per square floor.

• Boards for flooring and flooring.
• Wooden logs.
• Wooden blocks 5x5 cm.
• Roll and coating waterproofing to prevent contact between wood and aerated concrete. If there is direct contact between these materials, the difference in thermal characteristics will lead to the formation of condensation, causing the wood to rot.
• Mineral wool type insulation.
• Material for internal floor lining. OSB, plywood, lining, drywall, etc. can be used.
• Antiseptic and heat-resistant impregnations. They are necessary for impregnation of beams and boards. Impregnations prevent wood from rotting, damage by pests, and fire.
• Cement and sand to create an armored belt.

Making an armored belt

Since aerated blocks have a relatively fragile structure, before arranging the ceiling on the walls, it is necessary to form a reinforcing belt of reinforced concrete. It will evenly distribute pressure loads over the entire area of ​​the walls, and will also additionally strengthen the walls of the house.

To create an armored belt, U-shaped gas blocks are used, which are laid as the top row. If such blocks are not available, you can make them yourself by cutting out recesses in ordinary aerated concrete. After laying the U-shaped blocks, a load-bearing frame of reinforcement is formed in the recesses. It consists of four longitudinal rods connected to each other into a single structure. Pieces of wood are placed under the lower reinforcement to create a monolithic layer of concrete under the metal.

After this, concrete is poured into the blocks. The surface for laying the ceiling is ready. An armored belt can be made without U-shaped blocks by simply pouring concrete into the formwork fixed on top of the walls, but this method is too labor-intensive.

Construction of interfloor slabs

We list the procedure for performing work on creating an interfloor floor made of wood.

Approximate diagram of a wooden floor. Designations: 1 - floor; 2 - waterproofing; 3 - insulation; 4 - counter rail; 5 - beam; 6 - rough ceiling; 7 - vapor barrier; 8 - internal finishing.

Laying beams

The formation of the floor begins with the laying of power beams on the walls. They are laid perpendicular to the long walls of the house. The laying step usually does not exceed 1 m. B Alks should extend onto the walls at least 15 cm. First, the outer beams are installed, which are leveled using a long and even board placed on the end. There should not be a tight connection of the outer beams to the walls. A gap of about 3–4 cm should be left between them. Subsequently, this gap will be filled with insulation.

Installed wooden beams

The outer beams are attached to the wall, after which the remaining beams are installed. Not only their level is controlled, but also the horizontal position. If the length of the support beams is insufficient, they can be extended with the same material. To do this, two beams are connected with an overlap of 0.5 m to 1 m, after which they are bolted.

This connection is considered quite reliable.

• The timber is attached to the reinforced belt using anchor plates in the following order:
• The ends of the beams are cut at an angle of about 70 degrees to ensure moisture removal.

The wood is coated on all sides and ends with antiseptic and heat-resistant impregnations.

• Advice: the ends of the beams should not be coated with oily impregnations or paint. In this case, the evaporation of moisture from the wood will be disrupted.
• The beams are attached with anchor plates to the reinforced belt.
• The outer ends of the beams on the outside of the walls are insulated with polystyrene foam.

Insulation of beams

The voids between the laid beams are filled. This can be done with bricks, but preferably with gas blocks. It is necessary to leave 2-3 cm gaps between the blocks and the wood. These voids are tightly clogged with mineral wool. This prevents the formation of condensation and dampening of the wood from contact with the walls.

Laying beads and insulating the floor

To insulate the ceiling, it is necessary to make a roll. 5x5 cm bars are attached along the bottom of the laid beams. They can be secured with long self-tapping screws. Boards made of boards are laid on them, but individual cut pieces of boards can also be used. Insulation (mineral wool or expanded polystyrene) is tightly placed on the boards. The recommended insulation thickness is from 10 cm.

Laying joists and flooring

On top of the created structure, perpendicular to the beams, logs are laid, which are also pre-treated with special impregnations.

Logs usually have a smaller cross-section than beams. The pitch of laying the logs is 50–70 cm. The logs are attached to the beams. Floor boards are laid on top of the fixed joists. The bottom of the floor is sheathed with OSB boards, chipboard, plasterboard or multi-layer plywood.

Basement floor covering device

If the ceiling is made above a heated basement floor, its design is no different from the installation of an interfloor ceiling. If the ground floor is cold, such as a basement, there are some features of its arrangement.

Since water vapor tends to circulate from a warm room to a cold basement, the insulation will absorb a lot of moisture. To prevent this, a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of it. It is also recommended to increase the thickness of the insulation layer to 20 cm. All beams, as well as other wooden floor elements, must be protected from rotting with special compounds.

Attic floor installation