Acetic acid does not react with. Acetic acid formula. Chemical properties of acetic acid
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1.) Acetic acid 1) has no double bonds in the molecule
2) used in the food industry 3) turns litmus red
4) does not form esters with alcohols 5) contains two carboxyl groups
2. For acetic acid, the following statements are true: 1) the composition of the molecule corresponds to the formula C 2 H 4 O 2) the carbon atoms in the molecule are connected by a double bond
3) has a specific odor 4) reacts with silver
5) reacts with copper(II) hydroxide
3. Indicate the statements that are true for acetic acid: 1) highly soluble in water
2) practically no smell 3) exhibits the properties of a strong acid
4) reacts with alkalis 5) under normal conditions is in a gaseous state
4. For acetic acid, the following statements are true: 1) refers to polybasic acids 2) all atoms in the molecule are connected by covalent bonds
3) poorly soluble in water 4) reacts with CO2 5) reacts with CaCO3
5. For acetic acid, the following statements are true: 1) the molecule contains 1 carbon atom 2) it is a hydrocarbon 3) the carbon atoms in the molecule are connected by a single bond 4) it reacts with copper(II) hydroxide 5) addition reactions with hydrogen chloride are characteristic
6. For acetic acid, the following statements are true: 1) the molecule contains two oxygen atoms 2) all atoms in the molecule are connected by single bonds
3) does not dissolve in water 4) reacts with copper 5) reacts with calcium carbonate
7. For acetic acid, the following statements are true: 1) the molecule contains 1 oxygen atom
2) is a highly soluble liquid in water (n.s.)
3) carbon atoms in the molecule are connected by a double bond
4) reacts with sodium carbonate 5) reacts with copper
8. The following statements are true for acetic acid: 1) changes the color of litmus
2) the molecule contains 3 oxygen atoms 3) reacts with alcohols
4) interacts with copper 5) burns to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide
9. For acetic acid, the following statements are true: 1) all bonds in the molecule are single
2) the molecule contains two carbon atoms 3) a water-insoluble liquid (n.s.)
4) reacts with Cu(OH)2 5) does not react with Na2CO3
10. Acetic acid is characterized by (a) 1) the presence of five hydrogen atoms in the molecule
2) good solubility in water 3) the presence of a double bond in the molecule
4) interaction with copper 5) interaction with hydrogen chloride
11. Indicate the statements that are true for acetic acid
1) at room temperature it is a liquid with a pungent odor
2) used in alcohol lamps as fuel
3) an aqueous solution conducts electric current
4) is a strong acid 5) the molecule contains only hydrogen and carbon
12. Indicate the statements that are true for acetic acid
1)at room temperature it is a solid
2) unlimited miscibility with water 3) is a strong acid
4) reacts with potassium carbonate 5) decolorizes bromine water
13. For acetic acid, the following statements are true: 1) the molecule contains one carbon atom 2) all atoms in the molecule are connected by single bonds 3) reacts with zinc 4) reacts with copper(II) oxide 5) does not react with CaCO3
14. Indicate the statements that are true for acetic acid: 1) all bonds in the molecule are single 2) the molecule contains two carbon atoms 3) is a liquid insoluble in water 4) reacts with active metals 5) does not react with sodium carbonate
Choose one correct answer. 1. Acetic acid cannot react with:
1. Acetic acid cannot react with:
1) potassium sulfate 3) ammonia
2) glycerin 4) phosphorus chloride (V)
2. Formic acid can be distinguished from other acids using:
1) solution of iron (III) chloride
2) ammonia solution of silver oxide (I)
3) litmus solution
4) bromine water
3. Dibasic saturated carboxylic acids include:
1) oxalic and valerian 3) propionic and amber
2) malonic and oily 4) amber and adipic
4. Limit higher fatty acid containing 16 carbon atoms:
1) palmitic 3) stearic
2) oleic 4) arachidonic
5. The product of decarboxylation of oxalic acid is:
1) butyric acid 3) acetic acid
2) propionic acid 4) formic acid
6. A substance that can react with both formic acid and
metanalem, has the formula:
1) NaOH 2) Cu(OH) 2 3) CH 4 4) HBr
7. Saturated carboxylic acids are:
1) croton and vinegar
2) propionic and palmitic
3) linoleic and oleic
4) stearic and arachidonic
8. Functional group – COOH is present in the molecule:
1) formaldehyde 3) acetic acid
2) ethyl acetate 4) phenol
1) CH 2 Cl – COOH 3) CH 2 I – COOH
2) CH 2 Br – COOH 4) CH 3 – COOH
10. Acetic acid interacts with:
1) sodium hydroxide and magnesium chloride
2) chlorine and water
3) sodium carbonate and magnesium
4) ethanol and ethanal
LIPIDS
Lipids are a large and diverse group of natural compounds, united by a common property - their practical insolubility in water and good solubility in organic solvents. Lipids, depending on their ability to hydrolyze, are divided into saponified and unsaponifiable.
Wax– esters of higher fatty acids and higher monohydric alcohols.
Palmitic acid cetyl ester (Spermaceti)
Palmitic acid myricyl ester (Beeswax)
Fats and oils(neutral fats) – glycerol esters of higher fatty acids. Triglycerides with limiting higher carboxylic acids (HCA), solid – fats; with unsaturated VKK, liquid – oils. If all three acids in the molecule are the same, it is a simple triglyceride; if they are different, it is a mixed triglyceride.
DEFINITION
Acetic acid(ethanoic acid, methanecarboxylic acid) is an organic substance with the formula. Weak, limiting monobasic carboxylic acid.
Chemical and structural formula of acetic acid
Chemical formula: CH3COOH
Gross formula: C2H4O2
Structural formula:
Molar mass: 60.05 g/mol.
Acetic acid is a saturated monobasic carboxylic acid. Forms acetates.
Weak acid, dissociation constant K a = 1.75 10 –5, pK a = 4.76.
Physical properties of acetic acid
Acetic acid is a colorless liquid with a sharp characteristic odor and sour taste. Hygroscopic, unlimitedly soluble in water. Exists in the form of dimers. Anhydrous acetic acid is called glacial acid because it forms an ice-like mass when it freezes.
Chemical properties of acetic acid
Acetic acid exhibits all the basic properties of carboxylic acids.
A qualitative reaction to acetic acid salts is interaction with strong acids. Acetic acid is weak and is displaced by strong acids from salt solutions, and its characteristic odor appears:
Receipt. The most cost-effective industrial method for producing acetic acid is the carbonylation of methanol with monoxide, the catalyst is rhodium salts, the promoter is iodide ions:
Biochemical method - ethanol oxidation:
Aqueous solutions of acetic acid are used in the food industry (food additive E260), household cooking, and canning. Acetic acid is used to obtain medicinal and fragrant substances, as a solvent.
Examples of problem solving
EXAMPLE 1
| Exercise | Calculate the pH of a solution of acetic acid with a molar concentration of 1 mol/l, the dissociation constant of which is 1.75 10 –5. |
| Solution | Let us write the dissociation equation for acetic acid: Acid dissociation constant:
Let us denote by x the concentration of hydrogen ions x = , then the expression for the dissociation constant will take the form:
Since acetic acid is weak, then x pH is the negative decimal logarithm of the equilibrium concentration of H + ions. Since x = , then |
| Answer | The pH of the solution is 2.38 |
EXAMPLE 2
| Exercise | Calculate the pH of the solution obtained by adding 5 ml of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution to 10 ml of 0.1 M acetic acid solution. Dissociation constant of acetic acid K a = 1.75 10 –5. |
| Solution | The total volume of the solution will be equal to: Ref ref ml When the solutions are drained, the following reaction occurs: Let's calculate the amounts of acetic acid and: Ex ref ref mole Ref ref According to the reaction equation, n(CH 3 COOH) = n(NaOH), and in our case n(CH 3 COOH) > n(NaOH), therefore, acetic acid is taken in excess. After the reaction occurs, the solution will contain acetic acid and sodium acetate, i.e. we got a buffer system. |
ref moleLet's calculate the concentration of sodium acetate in the resulting solution:
General characteristics of acetic acidSynonyms: ethanoic acid, glacial acetic acid, Acetic acid, CH 3 COOH
This is an organic compound. It has a characteristic sour taste and pungent odor. Although it is classified as a weak acid, concentrated acetic acid is corrosive.
In the solid state, acetic acid molecules form pairs (dimers) connected by hydrogen bonds. Liquid acetic acid is a hydrophilic (polar) protic solvent similar to ethanol and water. With a moderate relative static permittivity (dielectric constant) of 6.2, it dissolves not only polar compounds such as inorganic salts and sugars, but also non-polar compounds such as oils, and elements such as sulfur and iodine. In acetic acid, the hydrogen center is located in the carboxyl group (-COOH), as in other carboxylic acids, it can be separated from the molecule by ionization:
Acetic acid can undergo chemical reactions typical of carboxylic acids. When interacting with a base, it is converted into metal acetate and water. Reduction of acetic acid produces ethanol. When heated above 440°C, acetic acid decomposes to produce carbon dioxide and methane, or ketenes and water:
CH 3 COOH → CH 4 + CO 2
CH 3 COOH → CH 2 CO + H 2 O
Preparation of acetic acid
Acetic acid is produced by acetic acid bacteria (Acetobacter genus Clostridium and acetobutylicum):C 2 H 5 OH + O 2 → CH 3 COOH + H 2 O
About 75% of acetic acid is synthesized for use in the chemical industry by carbonylation of methanol. In this process, methanol and carbon monoxide react to produce acetic acid:
CH 3 OH + CO → CH 3 COOH
Application of acetic acid
Acetic acid is a chemical reagent for the production of chemical compounds. The most common use of acetic acid is in the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM). Acetic acid is used as a solvent in the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), the raw material for polyethylene terephthalate (PET).Esters of acetic acid are commonly used as solvents for inks, paints and coatings. Esters include ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, and propyl acetate.
Glacial acetic acid is used in analytical chemistry for the evaluation of weakly alkaline substances such as organic amides. Glacial acetic acid is much weaker than water, so the amide behaves as a strong base in this environment.
Vinegar (4-18% acetic acid) is used directly as a seasoning.