Traditional roofing units. Metal roofing units Roofing units
The pitched roof of a house consists of a large number of parts, each of which is connected to the others in a special way. This connection is called a roof joint. In this article we will talk specifically about connection nodes, how they are carried out, what technologies are used, what fasteners are used.
Main parts of the roof structure
Before moving directly to the analysis of the topic of the article, it is necessary to indicate what elements (parts) the roof structure consists of. Let's list all the main parts and indicate their purpose.
Mauerlat. This is a beam that is laid on the walls of the house located along the perimeter of the building. The purpose of the Mauerlat is to evenly distribute the loads coming from the rafter system. After all, if there is no Mauerlat, then each rafter will put pressure on the wall pointwise. And it is in this place that the destruction of the wall structure will occur.
Rafter legs. They are made either from boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm, or from timber. The rafters are the basis of the roof; they form the slopes and bear all the loads acting on the roof structure.
Ridge run. This is the topmost beam, installed horizontally. Its purpose is to support the upper ends of the rafter legs. It is this that forms the ridge of the roof.
These are the three main elements of the roof, which will be discussed further. Of course, these are not all the details of the roof, and we cannot say that others are less important. It’s just that these three elements form the structure itself. The only thing that needs to be added is that some roof designs do not have a ridge girder. The rafters simply rest against each other with their upper ends. This type of rafters is called hanging, and with a ridge girder, layered.
So that the roof structure is as reliable as possible, it is necessary that the roof components are correctly connected. In this case, the strength of the acting loads and their direction must be taken into account.
How to connect elements of a roof structure
More recently connection of wooden roof nodes carried out using cuts. That is, they cut the elements of the roofing structure in order to connect them along one fairly wide plane. Therefore, so that the roof parts do not reduce their strength characteristics, as well as load-bearing capacity, they were selected with a sufficiently large cross-section. And this is not economical. That is, the larger the cross-section of lumber, the more expensive it is.
Today, technologies for fastening components and parts of roofing structures have changed dramatically. To do this, use bolts, dowels or perforated metal profiles. The latter are made of galvanized steel, which makes it possible to use fasteners for a long time without losing their quality. At the same time, manufacturers offer a fairly wide range of them for each type of unit. The photo below shows some of these fasteners.
It should be noted that perforated profiles gradually replaced all other types of fasteners due to their strength, reliability and ease of fastening operations. After all, to do this, you just need to install the profile in the required place and fasten it to various parts with wood screws or ruff nails.
Let's now look at how to fasten parts roof structure to each other. In principle, there are two types of connections: Mauerlat-rafters, rafters-ridge girder. The remaining parts are connected parallel to these joints. He will also talk about them.
Connection of the Mauerlat and rafters
There are actually a huge number of fastening options, from ordinary nails to perforated profiles. For example, the photo below shows an option where ordinary wire is used as fasteners. That is, a through hole is made in the rafter itself, into which a wire with a diameter of 6 mm is inserted. A hole is also made in the Mauerlat or in the floor beam.
Then the ends of the wire are pushed into this hole and twisted, pressing the rafter leg to the mauerlat. The connection is actually strong and reliable, but the process is labor intensive.
Instead of wire you can use metal tape 3 mm thick. It is simply wrapped around the two elements being connected and secured to them through the strip with self-tapping screws, often with nails. In the latter case, there is no need to drill through holes in the metal. note that in the lower photo the fastening is carried out to the reinforced belt with an anchor, which increases the strength and reliability of the connection.
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The next type of fastening is a perforated corner made of galvanized steel. The most convenient option, but the most reliable. To do this, the corner is simply installed so that with its mounting shelves it is pressed tightly against the plane of the Mauerlat and the rafter leg. Fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws or nails.
Attach corners It is possible not only with self-tapping screws or ruff nails. There is another more reliable option that uses bolts. True, holes will have to be made for them, which increases the time required for this type of work. But in this case, quality comes first. The photo below shows just such a mounting option. Please note that the corner is attached to the mauerlat with self-tapping screws, and to the rafter leg with a bolt. In this case, one bolt is used to connect two corners located at opposite ends of the rafters.
And another mounting option - on the slider. This is a special type of fastening element consisting of two parts. One is attached to the mauerlat, the second to the rafter leg. In this case, both parts are not tightly connected to each other. This is done specifically so that the rafters can move relative to the Mauerlat during thermal expansion of the lumber. This means that there will be no loads that act on the junction of two roof parts. The photo below shows this connection option.
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Connection of rafters with ridge girder
The second main unit of a wooden roof is joint between rafter leg and ridge beam. In fact, the ridge assembly of a rafter roof is very complex, because two rafter legs and a beam are connected to it. In this case, all elements are located in different planes, meaning rafters and beams. This means that to connect them you will have to use more than one fastening element.
To connect rafters to each other, use perforated plate. There are two of them, installed on different sides of the rafter legs to increase strength and reliability.
Perforated corners connecting the rafters to the Mauerlat. There are four of them, two for each rafter leg, installed on different sides.
It should be noted that fastenings can be carried out not only with self-tapping screws or nails. Often masters use bolts for connection paired fasteners.
Pay attention to the different type of fastening. Only corners are used here. This option is used if a 50 mm thick board is installed as a ridge beam.
Another interesting option for attaching rafter legs to the ridge span, for which special perforated profiles of complex shapes. Essentially, these are brackets into which the rafter leg is inserted. The bracket not only holds the parts together, it supports the rafter, reducing the load on its end.
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Pay attention to all of the above options for connecting the rafters to each other. They clearly show that the ends of the rafter legs are joined tightly to each other, for which they have to be filed at a certain angle. You can do without filing if you use a complex fastening lock consisting of several plates that are connected with bolts. In the photo below this connection option is clearly visible.
Connection of hanging rafters
The rafter system of this type differs from the layered one in that it does not have ridge girder. That is, the rafter legs in the upper part (ridge) rest against each other. To prevent them from moving apart in different directions, the rafters are connected to each other by a horizontal tie. The latter is a board located at any distance in height: above, below or in the middle.
It should be noted that hanging rafters They are not assembled separately on the roof. Trusses are assembled from them on the ground, which are installed in finished form on the roof of the house. In this case, all elements of the truss are connected to each other by perforated plates.
Video description
In the video, the master explains how to assemble a roof truss using perforated plates and nails:
Other types of knots
As mentioned above, there are many details in a roof structure. Therefore, we will tell and show a few more important connection points.
If the span of the house is more than 6 m, then a rack is installed under each rafter, which itself must rest either on the concrete base or on the floor beam. In this case, the connection of the rack with the rafter leg is carried out using ordinary boards, as shown in the photo below. Although you can use perforated metal plates.
They are also installed under the ridge beam vertical support posts, which are fastened together with perforated plates. But some roofing structures use a completely different approach to solving the installation of a ridge girder. Under the beam, jibs made of bars are mounted, which are secured to the ridge with special fasteners made of metal. The photo below shows one of the options for this type of fastener.
Very often, when constructing a rafter system, it becomes necessary to lengthen the rafters themselves. This is not difficult to do, and craftsmen use several technologies where they use various additional fasteners.
Video description
The video shows one of the options for lengthening the rafters:
Roofing structures come in several varieties of their forms. Almost all models contain a large number of identical elements. But among them there is one design that differs significantly from the others. This hip roof. Its distinctive feature is that the rafters are connected by their upper edges to one point, which is called a ridge knot.
So, in order to connect the rafter legs to each other, you need a support to which they are attached. There are several ways to ensure high node reliability. The photo below shows one of them, which uses U-shaped perforated metal mounting profiles.
Conclusion on the topic
In fact, we have considered only a small part of the connecting nodes for fastening the roof truss system. But even with their example, the variety of parts and components becomes clear. That is, the roof structure is a complex system, consisting of a large number of different elements and parts that are connected to each other in different ways.
The process of installing metal tiles does not come down to laying the sheets themselves, although we will talk about this in detail. A significant point is the installation of metal roofing units. The nodes include:
- Skate;
- Endova;
- Gable;
- Cornices;
- Adjacents;
- Ridge;
- Fracture.
I want to tell you how to make roofing units from metal tiles in accordance with installation technology.
Metal roof ridge installation
A ridge is one of the roofing elements that covers the upper horizontal edge at the junction of the roof slopes. Its purpose is ventilation. It also takes on the main wind load.
note
The ridge element is installed on top of the metal tile sheets upon completion of their installation.Before we talk about installing the ridge element, let's first talk about the size of the ridge. This, in my opinion, is a very important topic.
Six different ridge shapes are used in construction, each of which is designed for a specific type of roof.
The Finnish company Rannila Steel OY was one of the first to produce metal tiles back in the 60s of the last century. She also developed the standard sizes of additional elements used in the construction of metal tile roofs, in particular, the semicircular ridge.
Nowadays on the construction market you can find semicircular skates of non-standard sizes, which are somewhat narrowed. This design of the ridge is explained by the saving of metal, which allows reducing the price of the additional element.
What advantages do narrow and standard size skates have over each other?
Advantages of a standard size semicircular skate:
1. When installing an additional standard-sized element, a large overlap of the ridge on the roofing material is obtained, which means that the under-roof space is better protected from rain and snow.
2. If a ridge-ridge aero-element is used in roofing work, then due to the sufficient width of the standard additional element it can be completely covered by the ridge. The protruding ends of the aero element from under the narrow ridge do not look aesthetically pleasing.
3. Due to mistakes made, which happen quite often in construction, the gap between the edges of the metal tile sheets at the upper horizontal edge at the junction of the roof slopes is larger than required according to the instructions. In this case, it is more convenient to cover all existing shortcomings with a wide skate.
Advantages of a narrowed semicircular skate:
1. Low price of this additional element, which allows you to save money when purchasing a skate of the required length.
note
I am inclined to believe that the guarantee of an aesthetically pleasing roof and reliable protection when using a standard-sized semicircular ridge is much more significant than the small savings that arise when purchasing a narrow ridge.The slope of the ridge strips must correspond to the slope of the slopes. Before installation, it needs to be adjusted (bent).
1. To prevent water from getting into the under-roof space and into the attic, the ridge is installed on a sealant or on a waterproofing layer.
2. Place the ridge strip at the junction of the top sheets of both slopes. Laying - starting from the leeward end. The outermost bar should protrude two to three centimeters beyond the end.
3. The next planks are laid with an overlap of 10 centimeters or more.
4. If the ridge is round, the parts are connected in accordance with the stamping lines.
5. Use ridge screws to secure the strips to the sheets at the crest of the wave. The pitch is no more than 80 centimeters, the screws are 4.8 mm by 8 centimeters with sealing washers.
6. Treat the joints with sealant.
7. Install plugs at the ends of the planks.
Installation of metal tile gable
The pediment (end), like the ridge, takes on a large wind load. Here, too, it is recommended to place a sealant between the end strips and sheets.
1. Install wooden gable (wind) boards along both slopes.
2. The end strips are laid on top of the metal tiles. Adjacent ones are laid with an overlap of at least two centimeters or along the flanging line.
3. The planks are fixed to the sheets with ridge screws every second wave.
4. On the other side, each plank is attached to the gable end board. Also with self-tapping screws, at intervals of no more than 80 centimeters.
note
Since this fastening cannot be hidden, you need to ensure that the screws are positioned symmetrically relative to the ridge.How to make a ridge on a metal roof
1. Installation of the ridge on a hip roof is carried out using ridge elements.
2. The ridge is installed in the direction from bottom to top.
3. Since the ridge is located horizontally, its elements are laid with an overlap in the direction of the wind. The hip ridge runs at an angle to the horizontal. Here the upper element overlaps the lower one (along the line of water fall).
4. It is necessary to ensure that the axes of the ridge and the ridge coincide.
5. The lower ends of the ridges need to be trimmed and closed with plugs.
Installation of valley for metal tiles
1. Install additional boards between the step sheathing boards.
2. The valley planks are mounted from bottom to top with an overlap of 20-30 centimeters.
3. The bottom strip is cut slightly below the cornice and a flange is made along the cornice.
4. A sealant is placed under the ridge and along the valley flanges.
5. Metal tiles suitable for the valley should end 6-10 centimeters from its axis. To do this, the sheets are trimmed.
6. The sheets are fastened with self-tapping screws no closer than 25 centimeters from the axis.
7. If you intend to install a decorative overlay, it must be installed from the cornice to the ridge with an overlap of 10 centimeters.
Installation of metal tile cornice
The eaves strip serves to protect the walls and under-roof space from splashes during rain. It is installed before installing the sheets, since the sheets must overlap it (in this case, the water flows from them directly into the gutter).
How to make a joint on a metal tile
To bypass the pipes, you need an apron, part of which will be located on the roof, the second - on the surface of the pipe. The angle between the planes must correspond to the angle between the pipe and the roof.
1. If the pipe is plastered, you need to make sure the quality of the plaster and repair all problem areas, because After installing the apron, the bottom of the pipe will be closed.
2. The waterproofing should be placed behind the sides of the pipe.
4. Install additional sheathing boards about half a meter along the length of the slope over the side facing the ridge.
5. Cut the side sheets of the coating so that at least 15 centimeters remain from the top wall of the pipe to the stamping line.
6. Prepare the apron parts.
MUST KNOW
- The bypass can be done using a metal apron, as presented in the instructions for installing metal tiles
- also using an apron using folded technology,
- using universal frames from FAKRO
- corrugated aluminum tape - according to instructions developed by UNIKMA
- DO NOT USE technologies with inner sheets like pants and ties
7. Connect the parts of the apron together.
8. Place a seal in the upper part.
9. Fasten with self-tapping screws to the sheets at the crest of the wave.
10. Treat the entire structure around the perimeter with roofing sealant.
Fractures
Fractures can be external and internal. The installation diagram for the external fracture is as follows.
An internal fracture will differ from an external one:
Possible errors in the installation of roof components
- Do not use internal connections in the form of pants and ties when bypassing pipes.
- You cannot use a grinder in your work.
- The fastening of sheets to the valley must not be located closer than 25 centimeters to its axis.
- Do not place a sealant between the decorative overlay and the sheets.
- Do not use self-tapping screws without rubber seals
The cost of installing metal roofing units
The approximate price for a standard installation of a metal tile covering with the main components is about 350 rubles per square. The following are assessed separately:
There are many subtleties in the installation of metal tiles and their components that are familiar to professionals.
We have fifteen years of installation experience. We will perform all necessary installation operations in the shortest possible time and in full accordance with technology. No overpayments, only the price of services that are included in the contract.
You don’t have to worry about the condition of the roof: our work is guaranteed for two years.
When thinking about building their own home, developers are often quite lenient when it comes to flat roofs. Even in comparison with a single-pitched roof, not to mention a gable roof, and even more so a multi-pitched roof, it seems too “simple”.
But professionals know that what matters is not the architectural element or building materials themselves, but how they fit into the architect’s plan. A house with a flat roof can look no less elegant than with any other roof arrangement!
Flat roof installation
Moreover, among the undeniable advantages of a flat (soft) roof:
- Relatively low cost and available materials;
- Easy installation of roofing;
- Ability to fully utilize the space under the roof and the roof itself;
- Safety in operation;
- Unlike roofing work, which uses other materials, installation of a flat roof can be done in the cold season using special technologies.
Types of flat roofing
Soft roofing can be of two types: non-exploitable and exploitable. The first is an ordinary flat roof (for example, of a multi-story building), which only builders climb to for repairs and maintenance.
Operable roofs are used in industrial or civil buildings and structures where permanent or regular access of people to the roof is provided (observation platforms, solarium, etc.), placement of heavy equipment or objects, open and winter gardens, arrangement of parking for cars, helipad and so on.
Design Features
In contrast to pitched roofs, when installing a flat roof, roofing piece and sheet materials are not used. The second name for this type of roofing - soft roofing - was given precisely by those types of insulating coatings that involve covering them with a continuous carpet: bitumen, polymer, bitumen-polymer. The roof must be elastic so as not to deform under the influence of temperature changes, moisture and mechanical deformations of the base.
All these properties are possessed by a membrane flat roof, which is a kind of multi-layer “pie” of layers of heat, steam and waterproofing, laid on a prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete slab, metal corrugated sheeting and sometimes on a wooden base.
Pie flat roof
Depending on the purpose of the roof and the materials used, the roofing cake varies. For example, when laying an existing roof on a reinforced concrete slab, it can consist of many layers, for example:
- Roofing technoelast layer;
- Leveling screed made of DSP;
- Vapor barrier layer;
- Thermal insulation layer (extruded polystyrene foam);
- Two layers of waterproofing;
- Leveling reinforced cement screed;
- Polyethylene film;
- Expanded clay layer (along the slope);
- Layer of glass insulation;
- Reinforced concrete slab.
In such cases, the fastening has to be done not through the entire roof, but by connecting the screeds and the layers of insulation lying above them.
When installing a roof covering that is not in use, the number of upper layers will be smaller, but the principle of the roof structure and the materials used remain unchanged: base - vapor barrier - insulation (mineral wool slabs) - waterproofing from roofing roll materials.
Since the top waterproofing layer is exposed to the aggressive influence of the external environment (temperature changes, moisture, wind), and if it is damaged, the entire roof suffers, experts have developed an inversion, that is, the reverse order of placing layers: base - waterproofing - thermal insulation - protective material (for example, the so-called geotextiles). The top of the roof can be filled with monolithic concrete.
What are “roof nodes”?
Flat roof nodes are all joints of the roof structure: connecting corners, places where the roof covering adjoins the walls (parapet) of the building or encircles chimneys, ventilation pipes, lightning rods, etc., interfaces with external drains.
In such places, installation is done especially carefully and carefully - if the tightness of the joining seams is broken, moisture penetrates inside. Therefore, roof components are usually additionally waterproofed (for example, using bitumen mastic).
Most often, leaks and destruction occur in the area where the flat roof adjoins the wall. It is this unit that requires special attention - both during its design, and during the installation of the roof, and during the operation of the roof. When the tightness of a joint is broken, even if water does not flow down the walls after rain or during a thaw, fungus or mold often appear on them.
The tightness of joints and assemblies is achieved through strict adherence to technology, as well as through the use of special sealants; auxiliary materials and components (construction parts) are also used: they make it possible to provide the roof with the necessary operational parameters, and therefore reliably protect the building from the vagaries of the weather.
Mounting points
Basic layers of a flat roof
An approximate diagram of the attachment point for a flat roof to the base may be as follows:
- Roofing technoelast layer;
- Technoelast lining layer;
- Top layer of insulation;
- Bottom layer of insulation;
- Vapor barrier layer;
- Concrete base or base made of metal corrugated sheets.
For fastening, a roofing disc dowel with a diameter of 20 to 190 millimeters and a long screw (FBD; FBS) or concrete screw are used. The length of the dowel is taken 10-20% less than the thickness of the roofing. The screw must penetrate into the corrugated sheet or concrete base by at least 20 millimeters, and the covering must be fastened only to the crest of the wave of the corrugated sheet.
When carrying out work, you must adhere to certain rules:
- The distance between the dowels should be< 20 см.
- When mounting a roofing pie to a corrugated sheet or to wooden slabs, it is pierced with a dowel assembled with a self-tapping screw. In the concrete base, you need to pre-drill a mounting hole for a dowel or concrete screw.
- The mounted dowel must fit tightly to the surface to be attached.
Mount the coating to the base through its penultimate layer using a screwdriver without shock loads (rotation speed - 1500-2000 rpm). After fastening, the final layer of coating is fused to cover the dowel head.
Junction nodes
Roofing device
Areas where the roof meets walls, chimneys, etc. require particularly careful isolation.
At the junction of the roof and the walls, transition sides are installed and the roofing carpet is attached to the base in the same way as described above. For concrete and reinforced concrete foundations, you can use mechanical fastening with screws and fusing (gluing) an insulating layer, or combine these methods for reliability.
To seal the joints, a special universal polyurethane mastic is used. After application, it hardens under the influence of air, turning into an elastic, rubber-like waterproof mass.
Unlike some other sealants, its volume does not change. This mastic can be used for all types of flat roofs. It is applied with a brush or paint roller in two layers, the colors of which are different, and this makes it possible to control the thickness of the layer and its uniformity. In addition, it adheres well to all surfaces and is resistant to direct sunlight.
In addition to mastic, pastes based on bitumen, lime and special plastic clay are used to seal joints.
Auxiliary parts for roof assemblies
Roof waterproofing
Since embedding chimneys, ventilation pipes and other parts into a flat roof is a responsible process, special materials and parts are used to install soft roof components. For example, this is a special polymer (butyl) tape coated with aluminum. It is easy to stick to any base, and the gaps are sealed with polymer sealant or mastic.
Additional elements for metal tiles allow for correct and reliable installation of the roof and reliably ensure the tightness of the roof. All additional elements can be divided into 3 groups:
- Flashings: molding elements for arranging various types of connections.
- Passage units: shaped elements for hermetically sealed passage through roof structures of ventilation ducts, antennas, as well as various hatches and light elements.
- Products to ensure the safe operation of the roof: snow guards, walking bridges, ladders, etc.
The first group is flashings, running products of various types, made of galvanized steel sheets with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.7 mm and a length of 2 meters. Additional elements are used mainly with a polymer coating of the same color as the profile sheets of metal tiles. The number and types of flashings depend on the complexity of the roof configuration, on how complex the metal roofing units are, on the presence of a drainage system and the conditions of use of the under-roof space.
Eaves part of the roof
For the correct installation of the eaves of the roof, eaves strips and drip edges are used. The eaves strip is attached to the sheathing under the waterproofing layer and on top of the brackets for attaching the drainage system. A necessary condition for a long-lasting roof without ice and icicles is to ensure an air flow to ventilate the roof and remove condensate. 
The first problem in the cornice part is solved by a special ventilation perforated tape and perforated sheets of cornice lining (soffits). 
Protecting the intake openings with breathable materials allows you to protect the eaves of the roof from the penetration of birds, leaves, and snow sweeping. The second task - condensate drainage - is solved by the drip strip.
Ridge part of the roof
Additional elements for roof ridges are represented by ridge strips of three types: Straight ridge, figured ridge and semicircular ridge. The straight ridge is designed for roofs of a simple configuration and to protect the joints of metal tile sheets on the ridges and hips of the roof. The figured skate has additional stiffening ribs and an air chamber for ventilation. The semicircular ridge also allows for ventilation of the roof and is more durable. The ridge element must cover the joint of metal tile sheets on the outer edges of the roof, be it the main ridge or the hips. When choosing and installing skates, you should pay attention to the need to remove air vapors. Ridge strips are laid over the joints of metal tile sheets and over the end strips. Installation of ridge elements should begin from the light side with the prevailing wind direction in order to position the open joints of the ridges in the direction of the wind. This will reduce noise and increase the life of the roof. Joints of simple ridge strips should be made with an overlap of at least 150 mm, and joints of semicircular ridges should be made along stamped grooves. The ends of the skates are covered with special end caps. Additional products for the construction of valleys
In the valleys (internal corners on the bends of the roof, also called valleys), additional sheathing is installed, glued with double-sided tape, and then a valley apron is made of galvanized sheet steel with a polymer coating. The overlap of steel sheets is 150 mm. The total width of the gutter is 1000 mm, 500 mm from the axis in each direction. The overhang of metal tile sheets over the gutter is 80 mm. The end sections of the valley junction sheets should be protected with special synthetic gaskets. In order to obtain a neat appearance of the valley and prevent the accumulation of leaves and debris, the valley is protected with an additional top cover. End (wind) strip
This type of flashing protects the end part of the metal tile roof from direct precipitation, blowing leaves and snow into the under-roof space, and also prevents deformation and tearing of metal tile sheets under the influence of wind. The end strip experiences a large wind load, so the shelves have several bends - stiffeners. The end strip should be attached on top of the tile sheets every second or third wave. On the gable side, a fastening pitch of about 700 mm should be observed, since this side is clearly visible. On top of the ridge, the end strips of the slopes need to be connected to each other. Junction strips
The junction of metal tiles to wall structures and the passage through the roof of ventilation shafts must be protected with aprons. The upper part of the apron must extend onto the wall by at least 150mm. The junction strips have different profiles and are selected individually for the assigned tasks. Other shoulder straps. When making roof slope fractures, a sloping strip with a drip is used. The bend angle of the bar depends on the angle of the slope fracture. The length of the shelves of such a strip is not less than 150 mm on the side of the tile sheets and not less than 80 mm on the drip side. Passage nodes
The second group of additional elements are parts for the passage of communications. The use of these elements allows antennas and ventilation outlets to be hermetically passed through the roof. The advantages of use are the durability of the connections, since under the influence of wind load the elements become loose and a home-made connection is more susceptible to destruction and leaks. Instructions for installing communications passage elements are given in the accompanying documentation. Roof safety devices
The most commonly used safety devices are snow guards. Snow melts off metal tiles like an avalanche, and in regions with stable snow cover, snow retainers should be used. There are two types of snow guards. Tubular and sheet. Tubular snow guards consist of two brackets and two pipes. Products are made of galvanized steel, both with and without polymer coating.
A more economical option for a snow retainer is a sheet one, made from a bent sheet. 
Installation of snow retainer brackets should be carried out in the second or third wave of metal tiles from the eaves. Fastening is carried out in the existing sheathing on top of the metal tile wave. Installation of snow retention elements should be carried out using synthetic gaskets, which are included with the snow retention system. Roof fencing elements that prevent people from falling are required when the eave height is more than 7 meters and the slope is more than 12%, or when the height is more than 10 meters and a lesser slope. The fencing brackets are attached to the existing sheathing on top of the metal tiles through a universal gasket at the intervals specified in the product instructions. 
Stairs are necessary when there is a difference in roof heights and in some cases for public buildings and apartment buildings for climbing to the roof. The design and fastening of stairs should be selected with the assistance of professionals. 
Transitional bridges installed on the roof allow you to safely service the roof, but are not mandatory for use. Mounting kits and mounting instructions are included with all industrially manufactured products. 
Additional elements can become a significant part of the budget for a roof, but the use of these elements will ensure the durability of the roof and save on its subsequent maintenance and repairs. We also recommend watching the video