Thermal panels with clinker tiles for the facade. Facade thermal panels: reviews and photos Thermal panels for external facade finishing

Thermal panel is a layer of polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam with clinker tiles, embedded in the structure of the material. Due to the rise in foreign exchange rates, we have reviewed such facade panels Russian production.

There are several options, which are divided according to three main parameters:

1. Material: expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, their combinations, extruded polystyrene foam.
2. Joint method: “tenon and groove”, joining of rectangular elements with smooth edges.
3. Cladding material: porcelain stoneware, concrete, ceramics, clinker tiles, etc.

Main manufacturers in Russia:

• "Workshop facade materials» (MFM), Moscow;
• FTP-Europa, Moscow;
• Termosit, Zheleznodorozhny;
• "Fride", Dedovsk;
• "Forska", St. Petersburg;
• UMB, Moscow;
• “Regent”, Pereslavl-Zalessky;
• "Ermak", Novosibirsk;
• "Plitprom", Skhodnya;
• "Foreland", Moscow.

Let's look at the characteristics of the most common products from the leaders of this market.

“Facade Materials Workshop” offers options with clinker tiles and artificial stone (the texture on the models is presented in the form of brick or stone). The thickness of the insulation is from 30 to 100 mm.

The company's assortment includes:

• “Classic” tiles, imitating the shape of brickwork;
• “German Collection” panels – a replica of clinker, popular in Germany;
• “Spanish Collection” panels – replicas of Spanish texture;
• “Stone Collection” tiles imitating natural stone masonry.

Model	Dimensions, mm	Insulation material and thickness, mm	Cost per sq. m, rub.
One and a half brick	1,250 × 600 × 60	EPPS, 50	From 1 590
Beveled travertine	1,250 × 600 × 70	EPPS, 50	From 1 950
Gretta	1,215 × 600 × 65	EPPS, 50	From 1 800
Canyon	1,200 × 600 × 110	EPPS, 80	From 2 750
Terra brick	1,040 × 600 × 65	EPPS, 50	From 1 690

The manufacturing company, along with producing its own products, sells products from other factories. Positions itself as a manufacturer of high-quality panels, but models with clinker tiles have German origin, and the porcelain stoneware coating is supplied from Europe. In fact, only the creation of an insulating layer on materials produced by third-party companies can be classified as domestic production.

The company's assortment includes panels with clinker tiles, with the use of porcelain tiles, plinth options and with an imitation of an aged surface. Expanded polystyrene and polyurethane foam are used as the inner layer.

Patents have been issued for the company's main products. Full production is carried out technological cycle, which is sold on automatic lines. We have organized our own control service, which checks products according to a number of parameters - this guarantees that the consumer characteristics of the product will not be worse than those of the products of most European companies.

The company uses only natural materials (clinker tiles, stone, porcelain tiles, facade ceramics) for decorative finishing of panels. Product connections are “tongue and groove”. Insulation materials – polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam.

Like almost everyone Russian manufacturers, the company uses material purchased from enterprises in other countries as decorative finishing. In particular, clinker tiles are purchased from companies ABC, Stroher, Feldhaus, Interbau, Exagres. Insulation - polystyrene foam, neopor or polyurethane foam. The manufacturer offers budget panel options starting from 990 rubles. for 1 sq. m. Brick-look panels are currently available in six colors.

The Unique Multi Block company compares favorably with others with its own production of clinker tiles. The experience of producing material is more than 14 years, which indicates the systematic development of the enterprise. Insulation materials – polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene foam and their combinations. Panels are available in thicknesses of 60, 80 and 100 mm at prices starting from RUB 2,100. for 1 sq. m.

The company operates according to the following scheme: purchasing clinker tiles from leading European enterprises and creating panels based on polyurethane foam. The advantage of the manufacturer can be considered the developed in-house production and technologies that allow maintaining high quality of products throughout the entire service life.

8. "Ermak"

In the production of Ermak panels it is used laser cutting materials, which makes it possible to achieve precise dimensions and good jointing of the “tenon-groove” type. The company offers panels for custom sizes and in standard options. Clinker tiles are supplied from manufacturers A. D. W., Stroher, Foshan Red Lion Ceramic Co. Insulation – extruded polystyrene foam.

9. "Plitprom"

The manufacturer Plitprom was one of the first to produce thermal panels on the Russian market. Uses high-precision European equipment, which guarantees good connection products during installation. Supplies façade panels with German brick-like clinker tiles of various types color shades and sizes (cost per square meter - from 1,200 rubles).

10. "Foreland"

The Florland company specializes in the production of panels and artificial stone. The panels are a composite system based on polyurethane foam with a decorative coating (artificial stone), which is manufactured at the enterprise. Currently, panels of four models are produced: “XVII century”, “Evrok”, “Utes”, “Elbrus”. The cost of products is from 2,500 rubles. for 1 sq. m.

Expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam?

The assessment of a particular material is based on its technical specifications, operating conditions and consumer opinions. The use of expanded polystyrene and polyurethane foam in panels under the same conditions gives us the opportunity to compare and obtain data for an objective conclusion.

Environmental Safety

Properties

Performance characteristics

Conclusion: all things being equal, polyurethane foam is the most acceptable option.

Decorative coating. Which one is better?

Manufacturers offer several options for finishing panels: porcelain stoneware, concrete, ceramics, clinker tiles, etc.

Listed above Russian companies can be divided into two categories. The first is full-scale production with the production of both an insulating layer and a decorative coating, the second is the purchase of foreign-made finishing materials with the subsequent production of finished products. The cost of panels depends on the choice finishing material and insulation thickness.

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The abundance of materials intended for cladding and insulation of private houses, and presented on construction markets and in specialized stores, amazes with its diversity.

Typically, the cladding and insulation of an object are carried out by builders in a sequential order. The use of façade panels helps to combine these construction stages into one.

Installation of facade thermal panels can be done with your own hands on any surface: brick, wood, aerated concrete and concrete walls.

What are façade thermal panels?

Facade panels are the latest development in the field exterior finishing buildings. The strength of such a product is comparable to granite, but unlike it, it has a lower radiation background.

The panels include polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam, which are almost 90 percent consist of air masses. The material component is clinker, porcelain stoneware and glazed ceramics.

Thermal panels for framing facades have many options for selection under individual project. The choice is so great that even the most demanding owner will be satisfied and will definitely choose exactly the model that will decorate his home.

The range of colors in the presented panels is varied and is produced by single or multiple firing of the product.

Properties, advantages and disadvantages

Facade panels are becoming more popular every year, thanks to the properties which they have:

• increased resistance to flammable materials manifests itself due to the action of the substance included in the product.

Another important component of a sandwich panel is polyurethane foam;

• the aesthetics of this material lies in extensive selection color solutions and various textures;
• safety;

Manufacturers state that the service life of the material exceeds one hundred years.

• panel weight allows you not to strengthen the foundation;
• material resistance to fungi and mold;
• reliability in fastening. Fastening is done with special locks;
• tight fit of material to the wall prevents the appearance of bridges from the cold.

Panels made using polyurethane foam, poured into clinker tiles, ensure the reliability and strength of the product, and have high thermal insulation.

Using ceramic tiles

The production of porcelain stoneware has brought the stability of façade wall panels to new level. This happened thanks to a special manufacturing technology, which consists in firing the product at high temperatures and strong pressure on it.

The result of this process was a special compressed material, which are not afraid of external influences. In terms of strength, it can compete even with natural minerals.

Among the owners who prefer this type of panels, most often there are lovers of a textured surface on the facade.

It is usually chosen by designers to give a home a Scandinavian or Mediterranean feel.

It is used in the decoration of restaurants and holiday homes to emphasize the special flavor of the building. Porcelain tiles– material large sizes, and outwardly resembles not brickwork, but stone.

Although individual parts in the material are large, they cannot be called heavy. They are light in weight and simply mounted to the wall surface.

With glazed tiles

Wall panels with glazed tiles began to be used in the middle of the last century for cladding low-rise buildings. They have proven themselves with positive side, thanks to the heterogeneity of the surface and stunning imitation of real brickwork.

Today, this type of cladding does not lose popularity, and valued for its positive characteristics material and simplicity.

Such tiles are easy to clean and allow you to maintain their original appearance for forty or even fifty years. This is convenient for those home owners whose plots are located next to dusty highways.

The advantages of such tiles are: glossy surface, as a distinctive feature of this type of panels.

DIY making

Before starting work, you need to understand the structure from which the future material will be created.

Thermal panels made of three layers: facing, metal profile and insulation:

Manufacturing of terpopanels carried out as follows:

1. Clinker tiles and fasteners are placed in a pre-prepared form. The surface is filled with foam granules from above.
2. After filling, the mold is heated at high temperature.

When exposed to steam, the tiles increase significantly in size. When heated, the mold is completely filled. After this procedure, the tile is ready.

3. The resulting tile is cooled.
4. After cooling, the resulting thermal panel is stored in a specially designated place and is not touched for 24 hours.

This is not surprising, because in both one and the other technology foaming technique is used over polystyrene granules.

Before purchasing special equipment for the production of such panels, it is important to know that before obtaining them, you must first create the material for them.

Thus, in the home workshop there will be two directions at once: the first for creating polystyrene foam, and the second for manufacturing.

For making foam plastic You will need the following tools:

• special dispenser for raw materials;
• sediment to create foam;
• set of forms;
• Vacuum type installation;
• steam generator;
• pre-foaming device.

To carry out work on creating clinker tiles required:

• oven for firing products;
• Press forms.

If it is not possible to purchase a device and tools for creating polystyrene foam, then it can be purchased ready-made from other manufacturers. Such a purchase will significantly increase the financial costs of production.

You can purchase an expensive device and produce more than three hundred parts per day. If we are talking about producing panels not for sale, but for your own site, you can buy small equipment capable of producing one hundred products per day.

Equipment can be purchased from foreign manufacturers, and in production in major cities. It is possible to buy it second-hand, but then the risk of getting a low-quality product and incurring the costs of repairing it will increase.

Before making your own, you need to calculate how much would such a solution cost?. To decorate your own home, most likely, it will be cheaper to buy ready-made, high-quality panels.

Watch the video to see how thermal panels of varying complexity are produced by professionals:

Installation instructions

Fastening technology The installation of clinker panels to the building wall is carried out using special frame structures.

The frame can be made from various materials: metal, steel with a galvanized surface, aluminum or even wood that has undergone special treatment.

The type of frame is chosen based on the individual building and the financial capabilities of the owner.

If the owner opts for a metal frame, it is worth remembering that such structures require considerable financial investments, but become a reliable framework for the entire structure.

Installation of clinker-type slabs is carried out in an invisible way and secured with clamps and clamps.

If there is a wooden sheathing, fastening should be done using screws with a simplified head, the diameter of which does not exceed one centimeter.

If wooden structure didn't pass pre-treatment special impregnations, the reliability of such a product is called into question. With time moisture ingress will destroy the structure of the wood, and harmful fungi will attack its entire surface.

Without treatment, it is impossible to avoid the appearance of mold in the depths of the structure.

Frameless mount

Today, designs with frameless fastening are very popular.

They secured with dowels and self-tapping screws, directly to the wall surface, as shown in the photo on the left.

After carrying out there should be no defects or scratches.

This method is chosen by owners of houses made of silicate mineral materials. Such walls do not require constant ventilation due to the peculiarities of their manufacture.

If after installation there is an unfilled space between the wall and the slabs, it is customary to fill it tightly with construction foam.

The entire installation process of such panels is shown in the video below:

Cold climate, constant rise in energy prices (retail prices for consumers are rising, despite the fall in world prices) and economic crisis make us reconsider our attitude to the problem of thermal insulation of buildings. Heating houses built in the old fashioned way today is wasteful. Updated building codes require new, energy-efficient standards for thermal insulation of building exteriors. Modern thermal insulation materials, including thermal panels for facades, help improve the heat-saving characteristics of buildings.

What is a facade thermal panel

Many people know thermally insulated façade sandwich panels, they can be seen on the walls of hypermarkets, trade pavilions and industrial buildings built from metal structures. The panel, where the thermal insulation material is placed between metal sheets, is hung on a supporting steel frame. A sandwich panel, in essence, is a sufficiently thermally insulated outer wall that does not require finishing either inside or outside.

Unlike sandwich panels, facade thermal panels are not the main wall material. Neither their strength characteristics nor their thermal insulation properties are sufficient to independently perform the role of an external fence. Facade thermal panels serve exclusively for additional external insulation of walls of buildings under construction or existing ones.

Thermal panels for exterior decoration of the house are two-layer. A weather-resistant and durable finishing (protective and decorative) layer is applied to the slabs of rigid thermal insulation material. For each of the layers can be used various materials, significantly different in their characteristics and properties.

Facade cladding with thermal panels - quick and effective method improve the thermal insulation of the building and give the house a solid appearance

Materials for the thermal insulation layer

The thermal insulation layer performs thermal insulation functions and at the same time serves as the structural basis of the façade thermal panel. It must be rigid and strong enough to withstand the weight of the finishing material and not be pressed under accidental impacts. Basic materials used as thermal insulation base double panels are:

The basis of the facade panel is insulation, on which a protective and decorative layer is applied

Polymer insulation

• Polystyrene foam is the cheapest, but least durable of the materials under consideration for external insulation. Waterproof, steamproof. Flammable, under the influence high temperature emits asphyxiating gases. For thermal panels, dense foam plastic of a grade not lower than PSB-S-25 should be used, for panels with a relatively heavy clinker lining - a grade of maximum density PSB-S-50.

• Extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) has a denser and more uniform structure and is more durable than regular foam. Also steam-waterproof, slightly less flammable.

• Polyurethane foam is the most expensive of polymer insulation materials, it has the best strength characteristics and a high service life. Steam-waterproof, does not burn, but melts. Good base for clinker cladding.

Mineral insulation

• Rigid mineral wool boards differ from polymer thermal insulation in that they are non-flammable and vapor permeable. They are not damaged by rodents. The material has mechanical viscosity, making it more difficult to leave a dent. Wherein mineral wool has much better adhesion to polymers than polymers cement mortars.
  Consequently, the coating on it will adhere more reliably, and the thermal panels, being glued to the wall with a cement composition, will not fall off prematurely. For the production of double facade panels, rather expensive rigid mineral wool boards with a density of at least 175 kg/m3 are used.

• Foam glass is a heavy, but extremely durable, vapor-tight and non-water-absorbing insulation material. It is used infrequently, only where there is a risk of damage to the panels. Withstands impacts and does not form dents.

All of the above insulation materials have approximately similar thermal insulation properties. There is a difference, but it is small - the denser the material, the slightly “colder” it is. The thickness of the thermal insulation layer can be different; the most common sizes are 30, 50 and 80 mm.

Materials for the finishing layer

The materials of the finishing (protective and decorative) layer for facade thermal panels must be relatively light, weather-resistant, durable, and have good adhesion to adhesives. The industry offers double panels with many types of finishes, we will consider only the most common and relatively affordable:

Facade plaster made of stone chips

Facade plaster made from stone chips is made from small (1-4 mm) pebbles held together with a transparent polymer composition. The thermal insulation layer must first be coated with a primer, and the surface of the mineral wool slabs must be leveled. Apply to insulation that is not rigid enough additional layer soil reinforced with fiberglass mesh.

Stone chip plaster can have many shades and textures, depending on the color and size of the stones included in the mixture. Finishing the house with thermal panels made of stone chips is very durable, reminiscent of cladding with natural fine-grained granite. The panels are rectangular in shape; neatly fitted joints do not require filling.

Panels finished with façade plaster resemble stone slabs

Clinker tiles

Clinker tiles have a thickness of 6-10 mm, made from fully baked (not fired, but baked) clay at a high (1200 ºC) temperature. The facade of the house, finished with clinker thermal panels, is indistinguishable from masonry made of high-quality full-size ceramic bricks.

A house finished with double clinker wall panels looks very solid, and its façade will not require repairs for many decades.

The clinker is glued to the thermal insulation base using a special glue; the seams between individual tiles can be filled during the manufacture of the thermal panel or after its installation. After installing the panels, the seams between them are filled with a special grout. Especially for insulating external corners, L-shaped corner panels are produced, lined with special corner tiles. High-quality clinker tiles are an extremely strong, durable and aesthetically attractive material. But dear.

Thermal panels with clinker lining are produced in various options. In addition to ordinary panels, manufacturers offer different kinds corner and window, this greatly facilitates Finishing work and improves their quality. The only problem is cutting the panels to length if it was not possible to place them on the wall in multiples of whole tiles

In high-quality thermal panels with clinker lining, the insulation is not just a rectangular sheet-panel. It has a figured selection, a kind of lock that facilitates installation and increases thermal insulation properties panels.

During installation, the panels are inserted into the groove one another, this eliminates their vertical displacement and eliminates cold bridges

The photo shows how during installation the master inserts the lock of the next clinker panel into the groove of the adjacent

Concrete-polymer facade tiles

Concrete-polymer facade tiles made from glass mesh-reinforced quartz sand and white cement with the addition of dyes. Polymer additives improve the properties of concrete, giving it greater strength and durability.

Tiles can have different sizes and colors, imitating natural brick or stone. It is delivered already painted. Concrete tiles are not as strong, durable and beautiful as clinker, but they are noticeably cheaper. Manufacturers offer a wide range of shapes and colors. For thermal panels, thin tiles 6-10 mm thick are used.

Manufacturers offer insulated facade panels lined with concrete-polymer tiles of a wide variety of textures and colors.

Concrete-polymer monolithic finishing layer

The concrete-polymer monolithic finishing layer is cast in a mold as a single element over the entire area of ​​the thermal panel. The insulation is fixed during the casting process. The composition of the raw materials is the same as for concrete tiles: quartz sand, cement, polymer additives. The finishing layer with a thickness of 8-14 mm can be given any, even the most whimsical texture; it is determined by the mold for casting.

The concrete surface can be painted in production or after installation. Dimensions of thermal panels with monolithic coating limited to avoid cracks. As a rule, double panels with a cast finishing layer are made on foam insulation, they are the cheapest.

Insulated panels with a monolithic concrete-polymer finishing layer are heavier than other types of facade insulated panels. It is recommended to duplicate fastening with glue by fixing with dowels. Many manufacturers immediately cast holes for them, this can be seen in the photo

Types of facade thermal panels

The type of a specific thermal panel forms a combination of one or another type of thermal insulation base with the selected type of finish. For example, a thermal panel with a thermal insulation base made of EPS and a protective and decorative layer of clinker tiles. Or a panel where a sheet of hard mineral wool, finished with facade plaster made of stone chips, is responsible for heat conservation.

Almost any type of thermal insulation base can be combined with any type of finish. We will not list all possible options, there are too many of them. There are also double panels made using other less common materials.

Features of the use of facade thermal panels

In our review of facade thermal panels, we cannot do without talking about the features of using thermal panels. This is something that unscrupulous sellers of building materials often keep silent about, whose goal is to sell their goods at any cost. The fact is that if used incorrectly, thermal wall panels for the exterior of a house may not only fail to improve the thermal insulation of the building, but also cause damage to it: worsen the internal microclimate and significantly reduce the service life of wall materials. To understand what we are talking about, we will have to touch on some basics of building physics and thermal engineering.

Water absorption of building materials and the effect of moisture on them

Water vapor contained in the air is capable of penetrating building materials to varying degrees and, under certain conditions, accumulating in them. The more open pores a building material has, the more moisture can penetrate and be retained. Eg, gas silicate blocks capable of absorbing up to 60% of water from its volume. Among wall materials, wood, aerated concrete, and cellular concrete have significant water absorption - up to 40%. Low (20%) - for expanded clay concrete. Relatively low for ceramic bricks - 15%.

Characteristics of various wall materials. If we look at the line “water absorption”, we will see that wood and aerated concrete blocks can absorb the most water

While the wall material has normal humidity, it retains the characteristics declared by the manufacturer. When overmoistened, the heat-saving properties of wall materials decrease, and under certain conditions their service life is reduced. Most of all from excess moisture Wood suffers less, concrete suffers less.

Insulation materials are also characterized by varying degrees of water absorption. Mineral wool absorbs moisture very strongly, polystyrene foam weakly, and EPS and polyurethane foam practically do not absorb water. When wet, the heat-saving properties of the insulation decrease noticeably.

Weather-resistant protective and decorative materials for exterior finishing are designed for constant exposure to precipitation and have low water absorption.

Vapor permeability of building materials

An equally important characteristic of a thermal insulation material is vapor permeability, the ability to transmit or retain water vapor in the presence of a pressure difference across to different parties material. The more vapor permeable the material, the faster it will dry if it is moistened.

The wall of the building, insulated from the outside with thermal panels, is a multilayer structure. Each layer has its own value of water absorption and vapor permeability. Absorbs and releases moisture differently. Let's imagine how moisture is absorbed and released in single- and multi-layer wall structures:

Steam movement in a single-layer wall

For most of the year, the air humidity in a house where people constantly live is noticeably higher indoors than outdoors. We breathe, cook, wash and take a bath, wash dishes and do laundry. All these processes are accompanied by the release of water vapor. Some of the moisture will be removed by the ventilation system. The other part will be absorbed by the walls if a vapor barrier is not installed inside the premises.

In a single-layer (built from one material) external wall, steam constantly moves from inside to outside. Penetrating from premises into the thickness of brick or block masonry, in wood or other wall material, moisture freely passes through the wall and goes outside, where the air is drier. Due to the fact that the wall has a homogeneous structure, moisture is not retained in it and the humidity of the material is always at an acceptable level.

Throughout the year, in the absence of an internal vapor barrier in the wall, water vapor moves from inside the premises to the outside.

Steam movement in a multilayer wall

In a multilayer wall, the timeliness of the release of steam penetrating into the structure depends on the vapor permeability of each layer. The correct design of a multilayer wall is one in which the degree of vapor permeability of the layers increases from the inside to the outside. In this case, nothing interferes with the free escape of steam, the wall always remains dry.

It’s a different matter if everything happens the other way around: the vapor permeability of the outer layers (in in this case insulation or double panel trim) lower than the main wall. Moisture will not be removed in a timely manner, because outside, on the side where the air is drier, it will encounter an obstacle. The wall material will become damp. As a result, the indoor microclimate will worsen and the heat-saving properties of the main wall will decrease.

In order for the humidity of a multilayer wall to always remain at an acceptable level, the vapor permeability of individual layers of the structure must be equal or increase from the inside out. If you do the opposite, the wall will become damp.

But these are not all the troubles that can await us with improper external insulation. Let's talk about the notorious “dew point”.

Dew point and service life of wall materials

The dew point, as applied to an external wall, is the point where water vapor condenses and becomes liquid state, falls with dew. The definition is not entirely correct (in fact, the dew point is a temperature value), but in our case it will simplify the understanding of the problem. The location of the dew point is not only the zone of moisture condensation, but also the place of its greatest accumulation.

The location of the “dew point” in the wall depends on humidity and air pressure, temperature outside and inside the building, and other indicators. It can move within certain limits depending on weather conditions and heating conditions in the house. In the climatic conditions of Central Russia, moisture condensation in wall material occurs at temperatures from 0 ºC to +8 ºC.

In winter, when the outside air temperature drops, the wall cools and the “dew point” moves inside the house. And the water vapor that has already condensed in the wall freezes when the temperature reaches 0 ºC. The ice that water has turned into expands. In a single-layer or properly constructed multi-layer wall, the moisture content is minimal; ice crystals, if they form at all, are too small to cause harm. But in an incorrectly constructed multilayer structure, where the vapor permeability of the outer layers (thermal panels) is lower than the inner ones (the main wall), the crystals are too large, fill the pores and gradually tear the wall material. A damp wall, severe frosts, temperature changes - as a result, the structure of the wall material slowly but inexorably collapses.

If the “location of the dew point” falls on damp wall, it will collapse. Gas silicate will be severely damaged, cellular concrete, aerated concrete. After just a few years, the insulation may begin to fall off along with pieces of the walls. The walls of a wooden house will be destroyed not only by ice, but even more damage will be caused by fungal rot. Silicate and poorly fired ceramic bricks will last longer. The process of destruction of expanded clay concrete will take place very slowly, quality bricks. The concrete will be almost undamaged.

If the outer wall is not insulated (left) or is not insulated enough, the location of the dew point and ice formation is on the main wall

How to “remove” the dew point from a wall

We can shift the location of the dew point from the potentially deteriorating wall to the insulation. There will not be any serious damage to mineral wool from condensing moisture and frozen pieces of ice, provided that the protective and decorative layer is sufficiently vapor-permeable. Of course, shifting the location of the dew point in the insulation will not completely eliminate the problems associated with increased wall humidity. But at least they won't be so catastrophic.

In order to “reduce” the dew point into the insulation, it must have sufficient thickness. Which one is determined by thermal engineering calculations, which take into account the climatic data of the area, the characteristics of the insulation (thermal panel), and the existing wall.

As an example, let’s take a building whose outer walls are built from efficient ceramic bricks with a thickness of 51 cm. For the climatic indicators of the Moscow region, provided that the air temperature in the premises is not lower than 16 ºC, the thickness of insulation with mineral wool slabs with a density of 175 kg/m3 should be at least 74 mm, so that the dew point is guaranteed to “go” into the insulation. Accordingly, in this case it would be appropriate to use a double panel with an insulation thickness of 80 mm.

How to make a thermal engineering calculation of the “dew point” in a multilayer wall is a topic for a separate discussion. The easiest way is to seek advice from specialists. One more nuance: if the calculation is made incorrectly and the location of the dew point falls on the glue with which the thermal panels are glued, they will not last long and will fall off in a couple of years.

If the thickness of the external insulation layer is sufficient to shift the location of the dew point into the insulation, ice will never form in the main wall

Vapor permeability of facade thermal panels

In a two-layer facade thermal panel, the overall vapor permeability is determined by the material whose vapor permeability is lower. A little about the vapor permeability of various layers of facade thermal panels:

The vapor permeability of polystyrene foam is very low, and that of polyurethane foam and EPS is close to zero. But the vapor permeability of mineral wool is very high, higher than that of all possible types of wall materials. Mineral wool is an ideal external insulation for walls made of materials with high water absorption.

The higher the vapor transmission of the external insulation of a stone wall, the lower its humidity. And vice versa

The vapor permeability of the concrete-polymer monolithic finishing layer is very low. Therefore, it makes no sense to make such panels based on expensive and highly vapor-permeable rigid mineral wool. But the quality one facade plaster has a fairly high vapor permeability, comparable to the characteristics of mineral wool.

Concrete and especially clinker tiles cannot boast of high vapor permeability. If you place the tiles on a sheet of insulation close to each other, the vapor permeability of the entire thermal panel will be low. A similar effect can be achieved if you leave a wide seam between the tiles and fill it with a material with low vapor permeability. This does not matter if the base (insulation) is also poorly vapor permeable. But if mineral wool is tiled, the vapor permeability of the facing layer must be increased. This can be done by laying tiles with wide (at least 10 mm) joints, which must be filled with a special vapor-permeable grout.

The correct combination of the type of main walls of the building and the type of thermal panels

Summarizing what was said in the previous sections, we will give recommendations on the use of facade thermal panels depending on the type of walls:

• It is advisable to cover walls made of highly moisture-absorbing material (gas silicate, aerated concrete, cellular concrete) with thermal panels with a high degree of vapor permeability (based on mineral wool with a vapor-permeable finish). The same applies to wooden and frame walls with insulation fibrous materials(mineral wool, ecowool).

Thermal panels based on mineral wool are expensive and difficult to work with, but they are best suited for insulating walls made of materials with high water absorption

• For walls made of materials with an average level of moisture absorption (brick, expanded clay concrete), the requirements for vapor permeability of insulation are not so high. It is also possible to use thermal panels based on polymer insulation; this will not significantly affect the service life of the building, and there will be no destruction of the walls. But still, mineral wool insulation is preferable.

• Facade thermal panels for exterior decoration of a house with low vapor permeability can be safely used only on walls with low moisture absorption. This is concrete (usually the walls of the basement floors), SIP panels and walls frame houses from steel structures(LSTC) with foam insulation.

• Regardless of the vapor permeability of the materials, the thickness of the double panel insulation should be sufficient so that the dew point is located in it, and not in the thickness of the main wall.

• A separate issue is the use of thermal panels as a ventilated facade. Some sellers offer similar solutions. In our opinion, this is, to put it mildly, irrational. On the one hand, the presence of a ventilated layer completely eliminates the problem of vapor permeability. On the other hand, the effectiveness of insulation decreases noticeably, because the wall is cooled through the ventilation layer, which removes water vapor. And the thermal panel located outside the layer works only as a façade finish, saving almost no heat.

Advantages and disadvantages of facade thermal panels

It makes sense to consider the advantages and disadvantages of thermal panels not in abstract terms, but in comparison with standard insulation technology (“thermal fur coat”). With the standard method, insulation is first installed on the facade, and then a protective and decorative coating is applied to it. The final result is almost the same as when facing with two-layer thermal panels.

Advantages:

• The use of facade thermal panels saves time. Insulating walls using a two-layer “two in one” panel is much faster than making a thermal fur coat in two stages: first insulation, then finishing.

• For a person who does not have the qualifications of a tiler to tile independently and with proper quality large area tiling a façade is an extremely difficult task, to say the least. Even a “teapot” can easily install façade thermal panels with your own hands; you just need to be careful and follow the installation technology.

Flaws:

• Facade thermal panels will cost more than insulation and materials for the protective and decorative layer separately. True, the savings are obvious only if you do the work yourself. If you hire a team, you need to take into account the cost of construction services. Labor costs for installing double panels are lower than for a “thermal fur coat”, which means the price of the work should be lower.

• In our opinion, façade thermal panels are somewhat inferior in reliability to the standard method. When installing a “thermal coat”, the insulation is not only glued to the wall, but also secured with special dowels with large area hats. If the insulation is selected correctly and the technology is followed, it will last on the wall for its entire service life. It is not possible to secure the thermal panel as reliably without damaging the finishing layer. We can only hope for the quality of the glue, and this may not be enough for long-term use.

Installation technology of facade thermal panels

Detailed recommendations the installation of specific types of thermal panels is provided by the manufacturer. Information can be obtained from the seller of building materials or downloaded from the relevant websites. Manufacturers' instructions should be carefully followed. We will allow ourselves to give readers a few additional recommendations:

• If it is not possible to purchase the brand of glue recommended by the manufacturer for fixing the thermal panel to the wall, you must use high-quality glue intended for outdoor use and for specific type insulation (foam plastic, mineral wool, etc.). This must be clearly stated on the packaging.

• In addition to glue, it is advisable to fix the thermal panels with dowels to the wall, even if the manufacturer does not require this. It will not be possible to use special dowels for insulation without damaging the finishing layer. But you can “grab” the insulation with an ordinary dowel with a small head, it certainly won’t make things worse. This can be done without damaging the finish if you place the dowel in the seam between the tiles (the hole can be easily filled with grout) or at the ends of the panel at an angle to the surface. If there are a lot of attachment points, you can do without glue altogether.

Video tutorial: DIY installation of thermal panels

“Dry” installation of facade thermal panels without glue on dowels

We hope we have given readers a basic understanding of the properties and applications of thermal panels. More detailed information on specific products should be found on the manufacturers' websites. Let us remind you once again that right choice double panels reduce heating costs, and the wrong one can harm the building and the people living in it. For those who have decided to use facade thermal panels for insulation and decoration of their home and do not understand building physics, we recommend that, at a minimum, consult with competent specialists before purchasing products.

In the last few years, cladding with thermal panels for facade insulation has become increasingly common in our country due to growing technical requirements aimed at providing the necessary comfort indoors. Insulating any building is the first step to saving heat and reducing the amount of heat consumed inside.

Description

When it comes to cost, performance and aesthetics - not to mention maintenance and longevity - the score facing materials and façade systems are more complex than ever. As with any product, you need to weigh all the pros and cons to achieve the desired result. A wide range of offers makes the selection process easier, but individual qualities entail restrictions on the use of certain types of finishes.

Not so long ago, insulation and decoration of facades were carried out only separately. Some materials were required for finishing processes, and others were required to create a barrier from the cold. Today this method is also widely used, and often the ideal appearance is achieved at the expense of thermal insulation inside the room. Recently a good alternative has appeared that combines two in one, it is such an economical solution.

Facade thermal panels do not need additional processing after installation. Inside there is a layer of heat-insulating material made on the basis of polyurethane foam. Today it is considered the best in a long list of similar materials with similar properties and characteristics.

Polyurethane foam is significantly superior to polystyrene and other materials. Panels for facades have protective layer from composite material outside.

Builders and consumers were able to appreciate the product due to its variety of colors, reliability and aesthetic appeal.

Office buildings and warm private homes decorated with such facades look modern and luxurious.

Polyurethane - synthetic polymer material, which is a kind of plastic. It is obtained by the reaction of two liquid components– polyol and isocyanate. When mixed, the elements react, foam and increase in volume. Upon interaction, the mass hardens, forming a fine-grained structure, which is more than 80% and consists of tiny gas bubbles. Distinctive feature - minimum thermal conductivity air.

Due to its unique structure, polyurethane foam has no competitors among all known insulating materials. The thermal conductivity coefficient under various conditions is 0.02 – 0.03 W/ (m K).

Minimum values ​​allow the panel thickness to be reduced, thus saving valuable space. If we compare brickwork and this material, the thickness in the first case is 50 centimeters, while in the second it is only 2 cm. Polyurethane foam perfectly withstands significant loads. With a high degree of elasticity, this insulation is able to withstand mechanical pressure in the medium range.

Lightweight foam allows you to perform installation work without much physical effort, it does not affect the overall structure and does not require additional reinforcement. Moreover, it does not load the front and foundation of the structure. Having a closed structure, it is an excellent waterproofing material. Products made from polyurethane foam are absolutely not afraid of exposure to water.

Thermal insulation protects against moisture, corrosion, mold, does not form condensation on the walls and is not susceptible to the action of microorganisms or small rodents.

The service life of the product ranges from 15 to 50 years and depends only on exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The only weak point is sunlight. Under its influence, the coating turns yellow and loses its properties. In the absence of UV irradiation, the period is at least 50 years.

The material also has some other features. By design, it consists of diffuse open and inert panels. The “dew point” does not exceed the permissible value, so there are no problems with tightness and ventilation (no gaps are required in the rear of the façade).

Reliable and precise connection of surfaces eliminates the appearance of “cold bridges”, condensation, and harmful microorganisms. The panels have grooves and projections that help prevent excess moisture from collecting in rainy weather. As a result, the building not only acquires better aesthetic characteristics, but also excellent insulation, which keeps it warm in winter and cool in summer. Today you can buy material at very affordable prices.

The thermal cladding system includes laying ceramic plate 6 mm thick on top of a heat-insulating layer, the thickness of which is determined in accordance with calculations.

It requires a mechanically stable support designed using a coating and laying system of expanded polystyrene or extruded polystyrene panels with high mechanical tensile and compressive strength and a low modulus of elasticity capable of supporting the weight and stress created by the material and thermal expansion.

The insulating layer must have rough surface, square profile and not have protrusions greater than the thickness established in the calculations. Achieving the desired result in terms of thermal insulation and durability of external coverings is closely related to careful and correct design at all points that can create a thermal bridge.

It is the main culprit in transferring heat through the walls of a building, dramatically increasing heating and cooling costs. Panels offer the ability to reduce these areas by placing a barrier on the outside. Exterior insulation systems involve installing the material on the outside of a wall with a finished textured façade.

Main characteristics:

• in this case, plumbing and electrical systems do not need to be moved, allowing for a more efficient upgrade;
• meets environmental standards, both current and future;
• raise thermal efficiency and comfort, reducing moisture and improving the protection of buildings;
• meet a range of environmental standards;
• reduction in maintenance costs;
• visually attractive appearance: Exterior finishes are available in a variety of textures and colors so you can choose the perfect combination for maximum aesthetic appeal.

The consumer is offered long term services. The slabs provide a unique palette of smooth and rough textures, blush, bright, muted and other colors as cladding materials. This type of finishing is currently popular because it is attractive and aesthetically pleasing.

The production of thermal panels occurs by pouring liquid polyurethane components into specially prepared molds with ceramic tiles. During the reaction, the components foam and harden.

The material allows you to significantly save on construction and finishing.

The thickness of the block is selected based on the climatic conditions in the region. Most new buildings are equipped with cladding thermal insulation panels which answers necessary requirements to façade systems. It is installed directly on the outer wall, eliminating the need to apply plaster and paint.

Decorative advantages: variety of materials, wide color range, many textures, sizes, opening up new possibilities for the architecture of buildings as a whole and their individual fragments.

Ceramic tile panels have many advantages over other similar products, including:

• combine two properties - thermal insulation and environmental friendliness;
• have minimal load on the foundation and load-bearing walls;
• provide additional sound insulation and protection;
• maintain density during heavy rainfalls.

Kinds

As a construction and finishing material, this facing product has the following varieties:

• under brick;
• under the tree;
• under a stone;
• with marble chips;
• metal panels.

Steel ones are suitable for vertical or horizontal applications. The eco-product is manufactured to order for façade cladding with the desired pattern and is supplied ready-made to stores. For corners made of foam walls panel options at an angle of 45 degrees. There are transitions for window and door openings.

The classification may look like this:

• material – expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, their combinations, extruded polystyrene foam;
• joint method - “tenon and groove”, joining of rectangular elements with smooth edges;
• cladding material – porcelain stoneware, concrete, ceramics, clinker tiles and others.

Review of manufacturers

Main manufacturers in Russia:

• “Workshop of façade materials”;
• FTP-Europe;
• Termosit;
• "Fride";
• "Forska".

Among the main manufacturers it is worth highlighting FTP Europe is a company that sells not only its own products, but also those of other factories. Has proven itself according to reviews as a manufacturer high quality material. The covering is created from porcelain stoneware, only the insulating layer is made from domestic ones.

There are good patented panels from Termosit. The production process is a full cycle, the company has created a quality control service, and therefore the consumer characteristics are at a high level.

Natural materials are used in Russian-made finishing from "Fride". This includes porcelain tiles, ceramics, and stone. Expanded polystyrene is used as insulation; connections are made in the form of tongue and groove.

GammaStone AIR is a modern environmentally sustainable system capable of satisfying the most ambitious and modern stylistic trends in architecture. It also optimizes functional requirements, practicality and comfort. The material is the result of an intensive research process and is a response to the widespread need for effective thermal and acoustic insulation for homes and public buildings. Used with structures and materials that at the same time guarantee permanent aesthetic beauty.

GammaStone AIR is an excellent and unrivaled cladding material, today it is the most suitable option, available on the international market, related to ventilated facades.

This innovation system panels was developed in collaboration with the largest and most reliable companies. Painstaking work allowed us to achieve best results regarding insulation, protection from weather phenomena and from external noise.

The panels provide ease of installation, versatility in architectural design, original stylistic solutions with wide choice marble, granite, porcelain slabs and large stone products.

GammaStone AIR ventilated facades are truly reliable. The panels are subject to strict tests. They are installed on metal suspended structure, attached to the wall of a building with layers of insulation.

Pros and cons of the material

Among the main advantages, several advantages can be highlighted.

• Efficiency. Thanks to their manufacturing features and design, the panels simultaneously perform two functions. First of all, they provide thermal insulation of the building, as well as decorative cladding.
• High thermal insulation. Provides seamless installation.
• High waterproofing. Walls and façade surfaces are protected from the natural effects of moisture. Additionally, the front mineral layer resists mold and mildew.
• Range. The consumer can choose from dozens of colors and textures.
• Durable and easy to use. Do not require any maintenance. High-temperature manufacturing technology provides desirable strength and aesthetic characteristics that last for decades. The durability and reliability of the panels are confirmed by long-term operation in many regions.

• A light weight. Thanks to this feature, the construction of the building does not require additional work on preparation and strengthening before installation of the façade system. This condition eliminates overloading of the foundation, which allows the material to be used for finishing walls over 70 meters high.
• Easy installation. Installation is carried out using special rails and simple tools.
• Installation at any time of the year. They do not require special equipment or specific temperature conditions.
• High aesthetic properties.
• Environmental friendliness. The basis of the structure is rigid polyurethane foam. This is a non-toxic material that does not pollute the atmosphere with harmful substances. It is absolutely safe for people. The front layer is made of composite material and mineral particles. They are also harmless to human health and life.

Like any material, this also has some disadvantages, although they are few:

• attracting professional workers;
• significant costs at first.

How to choose?

There are many façade systems for exterior finishing with insulation to choose from. It depends on the type and scale of the building, planning requirements, which may affect the appearance of neighboring buildings.

Panel structures include structural members that provide lateral and vertical resistance to wind and other environmental influences, as well as wraparound parts that provide weather resistance, as well as thermal, acoustic, and fire resistance properties.

This product allows you to change the appearance of a building in various ways. The variety makes timber house panels an innovative option for architects. There is a wide range of different formats and installation options that create a completely different character for the building.

The gaps provided between the panels allow the façade to act as a ventilation system that retains moisture. Double tempered acrylic resins provide effective weather protection suitable for balconies and cladding. Other properties include optimal light fastness, double hardening, scratch and solvent resistance, impact resistance, and frost resistance. The product is manufactured in laminate presses under high pressure and temperature.

When choosing products, you should pay attention to the features different models. The manufactured stone-look product will please you with its respectable appearance, but it is highly expensive.

There is a wide variety of panels on the market that qualitatively imitate wood texture. They are ideal for small houses, cottages, where you want to create a special coziness.

If you choose a brick model, then such material will resemble real brickwork not only in appearance, but also in texture. It is not so easy to distinguish from the original.

In order not to be disappointed in this type of finishing, it is better to always choose a panel with insulation for exterior finishing. It is suitable even for a wooden house, the only difference is in the installation method.

How to prepare?

Polymer finishing on the outside of walls is installed using frame technology. The main thing is to correctly install the sheathing, which in most cases is made of wooden blocks, and sometimes of aluminum profiles.

The construction of the frame is main preparation walls, if they are smooth. If this condition is not met, then preliminary work The organization of the cladding comes down to additional processing and surface leveling.

The first profile must be installed perpendicular to the ground, at a point that is considered the lowest at the facade. This is the so-called starting bar. The remaining horizontal elements are attached 50 centimeters from it.

Fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws and dowels. Now you can install the vertical guides.

Calculations

To understand what the need for building material is, you need to find total area surfaces. From the resulting value, the sum of the area of ​​doors and windows is subtracted and 10% is added, which is taken away by cuts and overlaps during the work. The resulting figure is divided by 4.55, which is exactly how many square meters. m is in one package of plates.

Quantity required starting bar for insulating panels is calculated based on the perimeter of the building. The width of the doors is subtracted from the resulting value and divided by 3. To avoid mistakes, add 5% of the resulting number.

External angles are determined by the sum of the heights divided by 0.45 m. To be correct, it is worth adding 5% of the obtained value.

One panel requires 5 fasteners, corner element takes 4, and the curb 2. Fastening the starting bar is at least 10 elements if the fastening is made after 30 centimeters.

When making calculations, it is worth taking into account not only the wall area covered, but also heat loss, according to which in the future the material of the required thickness will be selected.

• U-value is a measure of how much heat is lost through a given thickness of a particular material, but includes the three main ways in which heat loss occurs - conduction, convection and radiation. This is a measure that always applies in the Building Regulations. The lower the U-value, the better the material is as a thermal insulator. The U value allows us to understand the consequences that thermal performance, when they are aimed at compliance with current building regulations.
• R-value is a measure of the resistance to heat flow through a given thickness of material. Thus, the higher the R-value, the higher the heat resistance of the material and, therefore, the better its insulating properties. Heat moves in and out of a building in several different ways, and the R value only takes into account conduction and does not include either convection or radiation.

Installation subtleties

The slabs should be laid with wide gaps in accordance with local climatic conditions. Structural connections are installed in accordance with the dimensions of the block. Expansion joints should also be used along corners and ridges (and in any case every 9-12 m2).

Clinker tile flooring is protected from water penetration and damage by installing suitable seals or metal openings at the top and bottom.

The material construction is polyurethane foam and a composite mineral layer. The first component is the basis of the entire structure of the product; it implements the insulation function. The polyurethane foam layer is protected by a material with a relief texture. The front one is environmentally friendly and almost indistinguishable from natural wood or stone. The finished product is a complex whole.

Working conditions directly depend on the workload. Facade panels are installed easily and without any additional tools. All you need is a screwdriver, screws, or a circular saw.

For correct installation several operations need to be performed.

• Mark the horizon around the perimeter of the façade. Place vertical beacons.
• Install the first row of panels on the horizontal profile. Treat the seams with polyurethane foam.
• Install the next row.
• Carefully process existing seams using special tool. The procedure is performed at positive air temperatures.

The facade can be installed at any time of the year, since the installation does not involve working with building mixtures.

The panels form a self-supporting structure, since there are practically no vertical loads in it. They are mounted on various hard surfaces: cellular concrete, beams, brick, plaster. There is no need to create an additional base. However, if the geometry of the facade is broken, it is advisable to use a screed. By adjusting its thickness, you can quickly level the surface.

Due to its light weight, the material is easy to install. Installation facade slabs carried out by installing plastic dowels. This design is not too complicated, but at the same time quite reliable.

The terminals form a smooth surface without cracks. They protect the surface of the building from the effects of precipitation and temperature changes, thereby maximizing the service life of the entire structure. There are special panels for corners.

Modern techniques offer a wide range of work and fastening techniques. This range includes the production and sale of aluminum facade consoles and aluminum substructures.

It consists of mounting systems and the main grid. Both consoles and rack are designed exclusively for ventilated cladding, making this product a first on the market. All elements are designed in such a way as to ensure easy assembly of aluminum and the ability to adjust their position in three planes. All this allows you to avoid problems associated with uneven surface walls.

There are fixed load-bearing elements of the façade on the building superstructure and sliding elements that allow other elements to cope with the expansion of the aluminum. The offer includes a number various sizes and a special extension, which allows it to be used in a wide range of dimensions.

Advantages of an aluminum frame:

• high strength;
• weather resistance;
• a light weight;
• low transport costs.

The absence of galvanic corrosion at the interface with other materials and the stamped production method help prevent stress, microcracks and scratches that occur at the cold bend.

Although the aluminum stud is designed primarily for installation of cladding, it can also be used with panels made of the same material. There are two main types of T-bar mesh, which are used to connect slabs and corners and also as a retaining profile. Usage decorative elements can mask visible plate edges or horizontal seams through which the substructure layer can be seen.

Beautiful examples in the exterior

Polyurethane foam is the most advanced material for insulating the facades of buildings and structures. Panels with ceramic tiles act as effective thermal insulation and have a decorative function. The panel consists of two components: decorative outer side, insulation.

IN modern architecture There are many options for how you can transform the facade of a building using polyurethane slabs. A wide variety of colours, finishes and special effects provide a huge range of creative possibilities for creating the perfect façade. The unique cellular structure of the finishing systems ensures uniform diffusion of natural light and creates excellent thermal insulation, providing maximum resistance to impact and hail.

Building design professionals can hide different building elements or create intriguing visual contrasts by combining panels with conventional glazing. Offering advanced protection together highest quality from ultraviolet radiation, façade systems guarantee a long service life of the building.

Insulated panels provide unlimited possibilities for design, controlling humidity and reducing energy consumption. Modern manufacturers produce universal, ventilated systems that accommodate a wide range of cladding options.

Recently, it has become popular to use slabs with stone finishes or various types of brickwork. Several types of such finishes look especially impressive, allowing one to highlight several basic elements on the façade, including corners and foundations. Interesting design solution creates a unique and in its own way unique style building, conveys the special mood of the residents or adds respectability.

For information about the features of choosing façade thermal panels, see the following video:

The final stage in the construction and renovation of any house is its cladding, and if you want to save on heating the room, then along with the cladding you should take care of the external insulation of the walls. Panels for insulating the facade of a house, along with OSB boards, sandwich panels and ventilated facade systems are another type heat-insulating material new generation.

Change appearance when installing thermal panels “under brick”

The demand for insulating materials is always high, but only those that cope with the following tasks better than others gain popularity among the population:

• effectively and significantly reduce heat loss from the building;
• have high moisture and sound insulation properties;
• reduce cash and construction costs;
• save time and do not require a large number of workers and special equipment.

Thermal panels cope with all these tasks perfectly, the only thing that confuses us is their rather high price: from 800 rubles. per sq. m from a domestic manufacturer, and from 1200 rubles. per sq. m from European companies. But this disadvantage is also comparative; insulation and finishing of walls “separately” can be more expensive.

Thermal panels are combined slabs, which consist of an insulating layer, an insulating foil film and a decorative outer layer. Cheaper insulating fillers would be polystyrene foam and mineral wool. Extruded polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam are expensive types; these materials have a high density and a long service life.

Thermal panels are divided into:

• simple two-layer slabs, which consist of insulation and cladding glued to it;
• complex three-layer structures, in which the layer preceding the insulation consists of OSB boards, plus may include additional pressed metal or plastic inserts, which gives the panels rigidity and facilitates installation.

Types of thermal panels

Based on the type of insulating layer material, thermal panels for the facade of any house are divided into two main groups: polystyrene-based and polyurethane-based.

Polyurethane panels have the following characteristics:

• density coefficient – ​​60 kg per cubic meter. m;
• low thermal conductivity – 0.029 W per m;
• closed internal pores occupy 75% of the product;
• perfectly withstands temperatures in the range from – 160 to + 140, without changing its physical characteristics;
• high adhesion rate;
• not susceptible to fungus and mold, withstands aggressive environments;
• a material that is difficult to ignite, but if it catches fire, it burns quickly and produces very toxic smoke;
• service life of at least 50 years.

Characteristics of polystyrene:

• the density indicator is less than that of polyurethane - 40 kg per cubic meter;
• higher thermal conductivity;
• polystyrene is not resistant to moisture and is susceptible to mold and mildew;
• not resistant to temperature changes: double-layer panels can become deformed in an aggressive environment or during long-term storage;
• highly flammable, emits a lot of toxic smoke when burned;
• service life is no more than 10-15 years.

A big advantage of this choice is the affordable price, which is half that of polyurethane thermal panels.

Application of insulating panels

Thermal insulation with this material is used when finishing a new rebuilt building, and when repairing old buildings. If the new walls are made strictly according to the level, then you can attach the thermal panels simply with glue and dowels; if it is a dilapidated building, then the cladding is attached to a metal frame, without leveling the walls.

Thermal insulation boards made of polyurethane foam

Thermal panels are used to decorate private homes and offices, industrial buildings, and shopping pavilions. Due to the low weight of the material, it can be used on high-rise buildings without the risk of critical load on the foundation.

In the production of panels, tongue-and-groove locks are used, which are easy to install and cut

Clinker (imitation brick surface) will decorate both a new building and a renovated private house. Metal panels are used for insulation of utility rooms and retail outlets. Thermal panels are selected for each type of building according to the type of top decorative layer. Sandwich panels with an iron top can even be the basis for building an extension.

Types of thermal panels for facing coating

Thermal insulation panels are distinguished by a wide selection of decorative coatings. The materials used for the finishing layer are ceramics, plastic, metal sheets, clinker tiles. There are also panels faced with decorative plaster. Let's take a closer look at these types of “insulated” finishes.

1. Thermal panels made of plastic are a budget option and are used for cladding inexpensive country houses, utility rooms, warehouses, shops. They have slightly higher thermal conductivity due to the thin top layer of plastic. The planks are laid end-to-end or like siding.
2. Metal insulation consists of molded sheets of steel coated with aluminum-zinc protection and durable paint. This cladding is very suitable for the area and harsh climate; the panels are frost and moisture resistant, easy to maintain, fire and impact resistant. Fits well into the high-tech style.
3. Ceramics and porcelain tiles. Such tiles are characterized by high strength, low weight and vapor permeability, thanks to which the house “breathes”. You can imitate stone, brick of different textures. The slabs protect the walls from the influence of nature and other damage.
4. Clinker thermal panels look like perfectly smooth brickwork. They are resistant to moisture and have a long service life. Imitation of clinker tiles is done only on a flat surface. If the surface curvature is large, then the panels are mounted on a pre-mounted frame. Wooden houses are finished with clinker tile plinths.
5. Thermal panels under decorative plaster made from polystyrene foam and a layer of marble chips glued to it. The decorative layer has a size of 4-5 mm. They are installed on special glue in two ways:
   • The joints between the tiles are sealed with grout paste to match the plaster. It's good if it's in the pasta marble chips, then the shrinkage is minimal;
   • the joints are covered with aluminum strips using dowels and sealant. In this case, the thermal panels are additionally fixed to the wall.

Installation of thermal insulation panels

Thermal panels will be installed quickly and efficiently by professionals; insulating the facade with your own hands will take more time, but is also possible. There are two ways to attach them to a surface: glue them directly to the wall, and attach them to a wooden frame.

The first option is the best; special glue grips the tiles hermetically and does not form cold bridges. But it is possible perfectly smooth walls, for example, in frame houses. If there is a large deviation in level, then the panels are placed on the frame. Let's look at each method in more detail.

On the wall

Thermal panels are glued to the main surface and additionally secured with self-tapping screws or dowels (the manufacturer made a hole for them in the tile). Slight curvature is leveled with the help of beacons made of polyurethane foam and linings made of plywood or thin wooden blocks. Next, a specially developed adhesive is applied to the tiles, which is frost-resistant, waterproof and elastic.

It holds the tile on vertical plane during its entire operation. The remaining joints between the slabs are covered with a special joint filler, which is also water- and frost-resistant. For a longer service life, thermal panels are coated on top with a universal silicon-organic water repellent; it protects the product from water and moisture.

On the sheathing

The frame is made to level the walls - these are dry bars soaked in antiseptic. They build it according to the level. First they build plinth frame, panels are screwed onto it with a recess into the ground of at least 10-20 cm.

The direction of the sheathing is from the corner from bottom to top. After installing each row of insulation, the distance between it and the wall is sealed with polyurethane foam so that the building is not cooled by air.

The result of covering a house with uniso thermal panels

At the end of the base, ebbs and slopes are installed, then the entire wall is insulated, row by row. Before facing, the slopes are additionally insulated and finished with standard corner tiles.

UNISO thermal panels

The panels are joined like grooves; to do this, they are filed at an angle of 45 degrees. Vertical seams should not match; tiles should be selected or cut as needed. Thermal panels are attached to the wooden sheathing with self-tapping screws. At the end of the work, the seams are filled with grout.

Advantages of thermal panels:

• significant savings in heating the building;
• the ability to install it yourself during the cold season;
• vapor permeability of the material, which ensures healthy microclimate in the house;
• resistance of the facade to the influence of nature, durability;
• non-flammability;
• wide choice of top decorative layer.

Conclusion

Thermal panels for facade cladding are good way give the building a well-groomed, finished look and at the same time insulate it. Insulating tiles reduce the heat transfer of a house, increase its sound insulation and protect walls from destruction.

The low weight of the product allows you to veneer multi-story houses without risk to the foundation. Working with them is easy and fast, you don’t spend additional funds on craftsmen and lifting equipment, but you get double results.