The topic “Adjectives” in English for children: necessary words, exercises, dialogue, phrases, songs, cards, games, tasks, riddles, cartoons for children in English with transcription and translation for independent study from scratch. Compare

Adjective [" xGIktIv] a

An adjective is a part of speech that denotes a characteristic of an object, person or phenomenon. It answers the question what? - Which? which? which? regarding the qualities or properties of the object referred to.

Adjectives in English do not change in number, gender or case, and do not have short forms. Adjectives subject to change only by degrees of comparison. According to their meaning they are divided into:

A) Quality adjectives. They denote characteristics of an object that may be inherent in it to a greater or lesser extent, therefore such adjectives may have forms of degrees of comparison. For example, objects may differ qualitatively: in size - largebig, larg er bigger, more, larg est greatest; by weight – heavyheavy and so on.;

b) Relative adjectives. There are significantly fewer of them than quality ones. They convey characteristics of an object that cannot be present in the object to a greater or lesser extent. Therefore they have no degrees of comparison and cannot be combined with adverbs of degree: veryVery etc.. For example: denoting the material from which the item is made - woodenwood, scene - ruralrural, rustic and so on.

Adjectives are simple, derived and compound (complex). Used in functions in a sentence definitions And nominal part of a compound predicate.

A number of adjectives do not differ in form from adverbs. To distinguish them from adverbs, you need to remember that adjectives define nouns, and adverbs - verb, adjective or other adverb, e.g.: adverbs - well Fine; late late; little few; adjectives: - well good (about health); late late; little small.

There are adjectives ending in –ed And –ing. You need to be aware of this so as not to confuse them with past tense forms, participles, gerunds, etc. You should be guided by their place and role in the sentence. Adjectives with endings –ed usually describe the state of the person himself, and adjectives with –ing- the impression that an object (phenomenon) makes on him: interesting, scary and so on. For example:

An adjective always refers to a noun (or, less commonly, a pronoun). According to its role in the sentence, it can be:

1) definition and then it's worth it before noun;

2) part of a compound nominal predicate and then it stands after defined noun:

1) He wears black shoes. He wears black shoes. ; 2) His shoes are black. His shoes black. That's all, actually. Below we will look at some more examples illustrating this:

1-a Adjectives in the defining function are usually placed before noun. And if there is article or another determinant noun (possessive, demonstrative pronouns etc.), then between it and the noun:

Before An adjective can have an adverb of degree that enhances its meaning, for example veryVery, tootoo much etc. And the defined noun itself can be omitted and only implied in meaning:

If a noun is defined by several adjectives, then adjectives reflecting the actual state of things are located closer than adjectives expressing a subjective opinion, for example: a nice sunny day- what he sunnysolar is an obvious fact, but the fact that he niceglorious, then this is for whom, how. More examples:

Typically, adjectives characterizing a noun are arranged in the following order:

1 - b After of the word being defined, they are placed in the following cases:

a) If the adjective is a modifier of indefinite pronoun:

b) If the adjectives themselves have dependent words and in various comparative constructions (see below):

c) If the definition is expressed by adjectives absentmissing, presentpresent and some others:

2 Adjective in function nominal part of a compound predicate(predicative) is placed after the linking verb. A compound nominal predicate consists of a linking verb and a nominal part (predicative). Most often used as a linking verb. verb to be (am, is, are, was...).

A number of other verbs are also used in this capacity: to seem, to look – seem, look, to become, to turn, to get – become, do and etc.

Adjectives illsick And wellgood (about health), as well as adjectives starting with "a", such as alivealive, afraidfrightened, asleepsleeping, awakewoken up and others are used only as a predicative and do not have forms of degrees of comparison:

Any student who begins to learn English from scratch on their own or with a teacher will already learn in the first lesson how to answer the question “ What's your name?” (Russian. What is your name?).

Answering “ My name is…“ (Russian. My name is...), he doesn’t even think that he already knows two possessive pronouns: my(my, mine, mine. mine) and your(Russian: yours, yours, yours, yours), without which it is impossible to communicate in English.

We use the same possessive pronouns for everything, but do we own our lives or sisters or husbands in the same way we own our shoes? Do we own any of them at all?

We use possessive pronouns for everything, but do we really own our lives, sisters, or husbands in the same way we own our shoes? Do we own it all?

~ Samantha Harvey

They may cause some misunderstanding on the part of those who are just starting to learn English and are encountering Possessive pronouns for the first time.

In English grammar, two types of possessive pronouns peacefully coexist: Possessive Adjectives(possessive adjectives) and Possessive Pronouns(possessive pronouns). We will talk about them today in this article.

Possessive pronouns in English

Possessive pronouns help us understand that someone or something owns something. Signature on keychains: I am yours (Russian. I am yours), And you are mine (Russian. And you are mine)

Let's first remember what a possessive pronoun is.

Possessive pronouns(mine, yours, ours, and others) indicate the attribute of belonging to a specific person and answer the question whose? In Russian they agree with the noun in number, gender and case.

What about English possessive pronouns? There are two forms of possessive pronouns in English ( Possessive adjectives and Possessive pronouns), which vary in spelling and how they are used in a sentence.

Let's take a closer look at both forms of possessive pronouns in English.

Possessive Adjectives

Possessive pronouns in English, reminiscent of an adjective in its role in a sentence, and which are always used with a noun, are called Possessive Adjectives(Russian possessive adjective).

Below is a table of the formation of possessive pronouns in English and their comparison with personal pronouns.

Possessive pronouns dependent form (Table 1)

Possessive pronouns dependent form (Table 2)

When we want to indicate ownership, we cannot use !

Offer He name was Carl(Russian. His name was Karl) sounds strange and incorrect in both English and Russian. He is a personal pronoun. Replace it with a suitable possessive adjective his and get a grammatically and logically correct sentence: His name was Car l (Russian. His name was Karl)

Sometimes this form of possessive pronouns or Possessive Adjectives called dependent, since it cannot be used independently, without a noun.

Remember!

Possessive pronouns-adjectives (Possessive Adjectives) in English they are used only in conjunction with a noun and always come before it.

Since dependent possessive pronouns resemble adjectives in their functionality, they also serve as a definition in a sentence.

Example sentences with possessive adjectives in English

Often, beginners learning English confuse possessive adjectives with abbreviated forms of the verb. to be:

your And you're (= you are)

its And it's (= it is)

Compare the use of possessive pronouns and the abbreviated form of the verb:

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns in English that can be used in a sentence without a noun are called Possessive Pronouns(Russian possessive pronoun).

Possessive Pronouns also called absolute or independent form possessive pronouns. In this form after possessive pronouns nouns are never placed, since these pronouns are used instead of nouns.

Remember!

Absolute possessive pronouns ( Possessive Pronouns) in English are used without a noun and serve in a sentence as the subject, object, or nominal part of the predicate.

Below is a table of the formation of absolute possessive pronouns in English and their comparison with personal pronouns.

Possessive pronouns in English absolute form (Table 1)

Possessive pronouns in English absolute form (Table 2)

English possessive pronouns in absolute form replace the possessive adjective ( Possessive Adjective) with a noun to avoid repetition of information, since everything is clear without it. For example:

This book is my book, not your book(Russian. This book is my book, not your book)

This book is mine, not yours(Russian. This book is mine, not yours)

As you noticed, in both Russian and English the second sentence sounds more natural. Let's look at how possessive pronouns are used in a sentence.

Examples of sentences with possessive pronouns in English

Possessive pronoun its in absolute form it is used extremely rarely, only in conjunction with the word own:

The cottage seems asleep yet, but it may have a life of its own(Russian. It seemed that the cottage was still sleeping, but perhaps it lived its own life).

My or Mine? Possessive pronoun or adjective?

The poster has an inscription with a striking example of the use of possessive pronouns in the dependent and absolute form: “Because my body is mine (belongs to me!)”

As already mentioned, we use possessive adjectives and pronouns, when we need to express ownership. Both forms are translated into Russian in the same way.

Possessive adjective ( Possessive Adjective) is always used followed by a noun:

This is my pen(Russian: This is my pen), where my– possessive adjective, pen – following noun.

Possessive pronouns ( Possessive Pronouns) are always used independently, without an accompanying word:

This pen is mine(Russian: This pen is mine), where mine– a possessive pronoun after which we DO NOT NEED a noun.

Comparison chart of possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns.

The semantic load does not change in these two sentences. However, when we need to emphasize someone or something, it is better to use the absolute form.

Translation of English possessive pronouns

There is no difference in the meaning of possessive adjectives and pronouns in English and their translation into Russian.

English possessive pronouns in dependent and absolute forms are translated into Russian in the same way, but there are a few things you need to know about.

Translation of the possessive pronoun your into English

In English there is no special possessive pronoun corresponding to the Russian possessive pronoun ""svoy"".

Russian pronoun ""your"" translated into English appropriate possessive pronouns.

Examples of sentences in English with translation of the pronoun your

English possessive pronouns are usually not translated into Russian when they are combined with nouns denoting parts of the body or items of clothing, but are always present before the noun.

In Russian, possessive pronouns are usually not used with similar nouns. Compare English sentences with possessive sentences with translation:

Special cases of using possessive pronouns

Using the Of yours structure

Very often (especially in American English) you can hear the following construction: a friend/some friends of + mine, yours, etc:

I saw a friend of yours last night(Russian: I saw one of your friends last night) = I saw one of your friends last night.

Here are some friends of mine(Russian: Here are my friends) = Here are my friends.

Offers I saw one of your friends last night and I saw a friend of yours last night will be translated the same way: “Last night I saw one of your friends.” However, there is a slight semantic difference.

Let's look at phrases “my friend” And “a friend of mine”.

“My friend” will be said about a close friend. If you call a person “my friend”, it means you have a warm and trusting relationship with him. But, each of us has people with whom we just have good relationships. These are just our friends and acquaintances. This is exactly what we need here: “a friend of mine”.

The indefinite article itself indicates to us that “one of” friends, someone indefinite:

This is my friend Jessica.(“my friend” – before the name)

This is Jessica, a friend of mine.(“a friend of mine” – after the name)

With the phrase "a friend of mine" associated with one funny fact. In English-speaking culture there is a concept "urban myth"(BrE) or "urban legend"(AmE). This is a story, usually with an unexpected, humorous or instructive ending, which the narrator passes off as a real event.

We call these stories "tales" or "fiction". These incidents allegedly happen to a certain acquaintance of the narrator, and the name of the acquaintance is never specified.

Most of these stories (or “tales”) begin with the words: This happened to a friend of mine... (This happened to one of my friends...).

When to use Yours faithfully and Yours sincerely

You've probably already come across the phrases Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely at the end of an official letter, for example:

Yours sincerely, Mary Wilkinson(Russian: Sincerely yours, Mary Wilkinson).

In business correspondence, these are irreplaceable phrases that need to be written at the end of the letter. Read more about the features of business English.

Examples of using the phrases “Yours faithfully” and “Yours sincerely”

Using an English noun in the genitive case

Possessive nouns can be used as possessive pronouns to talk about belonging to someone in particular.

As a rule, the use of nouns in the possessive case does not affect the form of possessive pronouns, for example:

Whose cell phone is that? - It's John's.(Russian. Whose phone is this? - Jonah.)

Who do these computers belong to? - They "re our parents".(Russian: Who owns these computers? – Our parents.)

The relationship of belonging or involvement of one object to another can also be indicated using possessive case (The Possessive case). which we will talk about in our next article.

Possessive pronouns in English: video

To finally consolidate the acquired knowledge, we recommend that you watch a video about possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns.

English Grammar Lessons - Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Finally:

In this article, we tried to explain as simply as possible the use of possessive pronouns in English and how to correctly answer the question “whose” in English.

We hope that after reading our article, you will no longer have any questions on this topic and you will be able to use this grammar correctly in your speech and writing.

Stay on our site and you will discover a lot from the world of English grammar!

Exercises on possessive pronouns

Now we invite you to test your knowledge of possessive pronouns in English by completing the following test.

Select correct option(insert either possessive adjective or possessive pronoun):

Jane has already eaten her lunch, but I"m saving hers/her/my/mine until later.

She has broken hers/her/his leg.

My mobile needs to be fixed, but mine/his/our/their is working.

You/Yours/Mine/My computer is a Mac, but you/your/yours/my is a PC.

We gave them ours/mine/our/yours telephone number, and they gave us their/theirs/ours/mine.

Mine/My/Your/Your pencil is broken. Can I borrow you/yours/him/its?

Ours/Our/Your/My car is cheap, but you/your/yours/my is expensive.

You can"t have any chocolate! It"s all mine/my/our/yours!

In contact with

1. Find and underline the adjectives in the text. Translate the story.

My favorite painting is in a light oval room with large windows. It was painted by a famous Italian artist. An elegant lady rides a black horse in a beautiful park. Three small funny dogs are running behind them. The woman looks happy and excited. I feel quite warm and comfortable when I look at this old painting.

2. Put appropriate adjectives into the sentences. Translate the sentences.

valuable (valuable) – delicious (delicious) - English (English) – leather (leather) - Russian (Russian) - tired (tired) – careful (cautious) – free (free) – cotton (cotton) – good (good) – cold (cold)

1. Novgorod is a … city.
2. Please be… with a knife.
3. Sherlock Holmes was an … detective.
4. Good bye! Have a … time in Mexico.
5. I like going shopping in my … time.
6. Don’t leave… things in your bags.
7. I'm going to bed. I'm so...
8. These peaches are very…
9. Will you close the window? I feel...
10. I’m looking for a white … dress and a pair of red … shoes.

3. Choose the appropriate adjective in brackets.

For example: The ghost was... (frightening/frightened). (The ghost was scary.) – The ghost was frightening.

1. Our trip will be… (tiring/tired). (Our trip will be tiring.)
2. He always feels… (boring/bored) during his vacation. (He is always bored during the holidays.)
3. I really enjoyed a … (relaxing/relaxed) walk near the sea. (I really enjoyed the relaxing walk by the sea.)
4. John was … (disappointing/disappointed) by the results of his exams. (John was upset about his exam results.)
5. I’m leaving for Milan tomorrow and I am … ​​(exciting/excited). (I'm leaving for Milan tomorrow and I'm excited.)
6. My Dad is … (interesting/interested) in politics. (My father is interested in politics.)
7. I got lost in the city because the map was... (confusing/confused). (I got lost in the city because the map was confusing.)
8. Ann is… (surprising/surprised) by the news. (Anya is surprised by the news.)
9. Your reasons are not … (convincing/convinced) for me. (Your arguments are not convincing to me.)
10. They looked… (amusing/amused) by the presents. (They were pleasantly surprised by the gifts.)

4. Put appropriate phrases with adjectives into the sentences.

For example: His car is... - His car is as slow as a turtle.

аs slow as a turtle (slow as a turtle) – as pretty as a rose (beautiful as a rose) – as high as a mountain (high as a mountain) – as white as snow (white as snow) – as hot as fire (hot as fire) – as pale as the moon (pale as the moon) – as brave as a lion (brave as a lion) – as clear as a bell (clean as a bell) – as blue as the sky (blue like the sky) – as busy as a bee (busy like a bee) – as clumsy as a bear (clumsy like a bear) – as strong as steel (strong as steel) – as light as a feather (light as a feather) – as free as a bird (free as a bird) – as true as a dog (faithful as a dog) – as cold as ice (cold as ice)

1. My friends are…
2. Those buildings are…
3. Her voice is...
4. She has got 5 children and she is always…
5. You look ill, your face is...
6. Put on your coat. Your hands are...
7. Her teeth are...
8. Bob is a real man. He is... and his character is...
9. Their daughter looks like an angel, she is …
10. What color are her eyes? – They are...
11. You have broken my chair. You are...
12. I can't stand on the sand. It's...
13. When I am in love I feel…
14. At the top of the mountain I started feeling…

Answers:

favorite, light, oval, large, famous, Italian, elegant, black, beautiful, small, funny, happy, excited, warm, comfortable, old

My favorite painting is in a bright oval room with large windows. It was painted by the famous Italian artist. An elegant lady rides a black horse through a beautiful park. Three small funny dogs are running behind them. The woman looks happy and excited. I feel quite warm and comfortable when I look at this old painting.

1. Russian (Novgorod is a Russian city.)
2. careful (Please be careful with the knife.)
3. English (Sherlock Holmes was an English detective.)
4. good (Goodbye! Have a good time in Mexico.)
5. free (I like to go shopping in my free time.)
6. valuable (Don't leave valuables in your bags.)
7. tired (I'm going to bed. I'm so tired.)
8. delicious (These peaches are very tasty.)
9. cold (Won't you close the window? I'm cold.)
10. cotton – leather (I'm looking for a white cotton dress and a pair of red leather shoes.)

1. tiring
2. bored
3. relaxing
4. disappointed
5. excited
6. interested
7. confusing
8. surprised
9. convincing
10. amused

comparative is needed mainly to compare some things with others. After all, you must agree that it would be difficult to explain without comparing any objects. Every day in our dialect such comparative adjectives as “beautiful, better, warmer, colder, cooler, etc.” are scrolled through, we just may not notice it. Therefore, the entire topic below is important for digestibility and is presented with accessible simplicity.

How to turn a positive adjective into a comparative adjective?

First, let's figure out what is the positive degree of an adjective? It's simple. The positive degree of an adjective is the original form of an adjective that indicates the quality of an object and is used without any comparison with other objects. Eg:

• It's beautiful day – Beautiful day.
• My teacher is very young - My teacher is too young.
• They're very friendly people – They are very friendly people.
• It's an expensive restaurant - This is an expensive restaurant.
• The rooms are very small – The rooms are very small.

Another question may arise here. What is the comparative degree of an adjective? And here everything is even simpler. A comparative adjective is a form of an adjective that indicates the quality of one thing in relation to another thing. For example:

• Vegetables are cheaper than meat – Vegetables are cheaper than meat.
• This bag of potatoes is heavier than that bag of tomatoes – This bag of potatoes is heavier than that bag of tomatoes.
• Spain is warmer than England – Spain is warmer than England.
• This new car is faster than my old one – This new car is faster than my old one.
• Sarah is older than her brother – Sarah is older than her brother.

Feel the difference? Now we will return to the main question: how to convert an adjective from positive degree to a comparative degree?

When converting, the standard for all adjectives is to add the suffix “-er” to the end of the word. For example:

In English, when making comparisons, the conjunction “than” is often used:

• The coast road to the town is shorter than the mountain road – The road along the embankment to the city is shorter than the road through the mountains.
• My father is younger than my mother - My father is younger than my mother.
• His new mobile is smaller than his old one - His new mobile phone is smaller than his old one.
• The Empire State building is taller than the Statue of Liberty - The Empire State Building is taller than the Statue of Liberty.
• Wool is warmer than cotton – Wool is warmer than cotton.

However, there are always a number of the following conversion rules that must be followed:

1. For two-syllable adjectives ending with a consonant and “-y”: change “-y” to “-i” + suffix “-er”:

Examples:

• English is easier than Japanese – English is easier than Japanese.
• My suitcase is heavier than your suitcase - My suitcase is heavier than your suitcase.
• Your car is dirtier than mine - Your car is dirtier than mine.
• His new girlfriend is prettier than your Julia - His new girlfriend is prettier than your Julia.
• Last time she was happier than today - Last time she was happier than today.

2. If a one-syllable adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant: add the last consonant + the suffix “-er”:

Examples:

• The Grand Hotel is bigger than is the Sea View Hotel – “The Grand Hotel” is bigger than “The Sea View Hotel”.
• My cup of tea is hotter than yours - My cup of tea is hotter than yours.
• Mike is fatter than John - Mike is fatter than John.
• The screw-driver is thinner than mine – This screwdriver is thinner than mine.

3. To adjectives ending in “-e”, add only one suffix “-r”:

For example:

• My arguments are truer than yours - My arguments are truer than yours.
• Her shirt is whiter than her girlfriends’ – Her shirt is whiter than her friend’s.
• Wheels of your car is larger than wheels of mine – The wheels of your car are larger than the wheels of mine.

4. Before two-syllable adjectives that do not end in “-y” and before adjectives that consist of 3 or more syllables, when converting to the comparative degree, add the service word “more” without adding a suffix:

For example:

• The train is more expensive than the bus - The train is more expensive than the bus.
• Drivers in this country are more careless than drivers in my country – Drivers in this country are more careless than drivers in my country.
• The exam today was more difficult than last year’s exam - Today’s exam was more difficult than last year’s exam.
• The students ask more intelligent questions than they did before - Students ask more intelligent questions than they asked before.
• Her second book is more interesting than her first - Her second book is more interesting than her first.

5. We also cannot do without exceptions, which, when transformed, take on a completely different form than in all of the above points:

For example:

• Ms. Davies is a better teacher than Mr. Andrews – Mrs. Davis is a better teacher than Mr. Andrews.
• These boots are worse than those that we received last year - These boots are worse than those that we were given last year.
• I’ve less money than you have - I have less money than you.
• From here to Moscow is farther than to St. Petersburg – From here it is further to Moscow than to St. Petersburg.

To enhance the expression, we can before comparative adjectives insert adverbs such as a bit (a little), a lot (much), much (significantly):

• She’s a lot happier now - She’s much happier now.
• I’m a bit older than you - I’m a little older than you.
• This book is much more interesting than the other one - This book is much more interesting than the others.

This concludes this post. Perhaps you would like to ask or add something to this article. If so, please leave your comment below. Good luck.

Adjectives and adverbs are important parts of speech. Adjectives describe how something is, while adverbs describe how, where and when something is
is being done. In English, some adjectives can have the same form as adverbs. This article provides a comparison of adjectives and adverbs and many examples of their use.

Examples of adjectives:

Rose lives in a beautiful house in the countryside. (Rose lives in a beautiful house in the countryside.)
Linda was wearing colorful dress. (Linda was wearing a bright dress.)
Liz watched a bad film. (Liz watched a bad movie.)

Examples of adverbs:

The bus arrived very quickly. (The bus arrived very quickly.)
We spent our holiday happily. (We spent our holiday happily.)
They played very badly. (They played very poorly.)

Where do adjectives usually appear in an English sentence?

Adjectives are usually placed before the nouns they modify, or at the end of a sentence with: be, appear, feel, seem and others.

Where do adverbs usually appear in an English sentence?

Adverbs of manner are often placed at the end of a phrase, whereas they are placed before the verb:

Vanessa can speak Russian perfectly.
My son ate his lunch quickly and went to school.
I often go to work by bus.
Victor sometimes goes skiing in winter.

When can you mix up adjectives and adverbs?

As you may have noticed, adverbs often end in - ly . Often, adding to an adjective - ly you can get a suitable adverb:

cheerful - cheerfully, nice - nicely, warm - warmly

She drove a slow bus. -> She drove the bus slowly.
Anna is a very careful girl. -> She crosses the streets very carefully.
She had a nice smile on her face. -> She was smiling nicely.

However, there are a number of adjectives ending in - ly which can be confusing. Here are some of the most common:

Adjectives and adverbs of the same form

There are many adjectives and adverbs that have the same form. The following table gives examples of adjectives and adverbs expressed by the same word: