Theme: migratory birds preparatory group. Summary of a subgroup lesson on speech development in a preparatory school group. Didactic exercise: “Who flew away?”
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Subject: " Migratory birds"(preparatory group) Vocabulary: 1. To consolidate and expand children's knowledge about migratory and waterfowl, their behavior in the fall (joining flocks, flying away, foraging for food). 2. Enter into the active dictionary: Nouns: swallow, rooks, starlings, geese, ducks, cranes, swans, blackbirds, larks, siskins, swifts; Adjectives: long-necked, long-legged, red-billed, short-billed; Verbs: fly, dive, peck, swallow, coo, quack, hiss. Grammar: 1. Formation of nouns with intelligence. suf. units and many more numbers. “Call it affectionately” 2 Formation of nouns. and many more h. in different cases. Dative case. They poured food for the pigeons and sparrows. Genitive case. There are many woodpeckers, blackbirds, and cuckoos in the forest. Prepositional case. Dad talked about cranes, tits and storks. 3. Agreement of numerals and nouns in gender and number. 4. Education possessive adjectives “Tell me which flock” Wedge of swans - swan; flock of ducks - duck; caravan of cranes - crane; a flock of rooks - rook; a flock of nightingales - nightingale; a flock of sparrows - passerine. 5. Formation of verbs using prefixes. Fly - fly away, fly over, fly in 6. Game “Pick up, name, remember” Finish the sentences (pick up and name as many feature words and action words as possible). The cuckoo (what kind?) is colorful, small, beautiful, etc. Rook (which one?) ... Migratory birds in the spring (what are they doing?) ... Migratory birds in the autumn (what are they doing?) ... 7. Game “Nonsense” Listen and say what does not happen. And how it really should be. Chicks hatch eggs. The bird's body is covered with fur. Crocodiles hatched from the birds' eggs. Chicks build nests. The children made birdhouses for the storks. The starling lives in a booth. 8. Game “Guess the word.” The bird flies away, and the birds ... (flies in, flies in, flies in, flies, flaps its wings, jumps, screams, sleeps, builds nests, sings). 9. Game “Who has who?” The starling has starlings; at the crane -...; at the rook - ...; Coherent speech 1. Reading the story “Swallow”. 1 The swallow was flying near the window and caught its foot on a branch. The end of the branch was tied to the window. The thread did not let the swallow go. Then she began to squeak loudly. Many swallows flocked to her squeak. They flew around their girlfriend and chirped. One of them pecked the thread. Then other swallows began to peck at the thread. Soon the swallow was free. Questions: - What happened to the swallow? - Where was the swallow? - How did your friends help the swallow? - How can you name all the swallows? (Good friends). 2. Drawing up a plan for children with the help of a teacher. - What happened to the swallow? Trouble. - What did your friends do to the swallow? Help. - Where was the swallow? Free. 3. Re-reading the story. 4. Children retell the story according to plan. General and fine motor skills. This bird is a nightingale, This bird is a sparrow, This bird is an owl, A sleepy little head. This bird is a waxwing, This bird is a money-grubber. This bird is an angry eagle. Birds, birds, go home. Finger game. “Bird” (Children bend one finger on both hands) (Waving with folded palms) (Waving with both hands like wings) Active, playing Education of correct physiological breathing, development of coordination of movements. “Cranes learn to fly” Children depict how cranes learn to fly. Arms are spread to the sides and raised to shoulder level. Inhale through your nose. When lowering your hands, exhale. To make it more difficult, you can swing your arms while simultaneously lifting your legs alternately and moving in a circle. Development logical thinking: - guessing riddles; - game “What did the artist do wrong?” - game "Fourth wheel" 2
Educational areas“Knowledge of FCCM”, “Communication”.
Lesson objectives:
To consolidate knowledge and give new ideas about migratory birds ( appearance, habitat, food, habits, flight);
To consolidate the ability to divide birds into migratory and wintering ones, based on the connection between the nature of food and the method of obtaining it;
Activate children's vocabulary (migratory, insectivorous, granivorous, predatory, waterfowl, songbirds, wedge, line, arc);
Learn to coordinate nouns with numerals;
Learn to coordinate nouns with verbs;
Develop coherent speech, visual memory, attention, fine motor skills;
To instill in children an interest in the feathered inhabitants of nature and a caring attitude towards them.
Equipment: demonstration pictures “Migratory Birds”, audio recording “Bird Voices”, ball, cube with numbers.
Progress of the lesson
1. Organizing time.
Educator. Guys, listen to E. Blaginina’s poem “They’re flying away, flying away...”
White snowstorms coming soon
The snow will rise from the ground.
They fly away, they fly away,
The cranes flew away.
Can't hear the cuckoo in the grove
And the birdhouse was empty.
The stork flaps its wings -
He flies away, he flies away.
Leaf swaying patterned
In a blue puddle on the water.
A rook walks with a black rook
In the garden on the ridge.
They crumbled and turned yellow
Rare rays of the sun.
They fly away, they fly away,
The rooks also flew away.
Educator. Guys, what time of year do you think the poem is about? Where are all the birds flying to?
Children. About autumn. About birds that fly to warmer climes.
Educator. Right. And today in class we will talk about migratory birds.
2. Conversation.
There is a wide variety of birds in nature.
Wherever you walk - in a city park, along the seashore, in a village, in a forest - you will see birds everywhere. Almost all of them can fly. Birds are animals with feathers and wings. Feathers help retain heat and give birds their unique colors. Birds often preen themselves, that is, they clean their feathers by rubbing their fat into them. They also pull out old feathers where new ones grow.
Birds live in nests. They usually build nests from leaves, grass, and twigs, but some birds live in piles of stones. The female lays eggs and then incubates them, warming them with her warmth until the chicks hatch.
In autumn, birds gather in flocks and fly south to spend the winter.
Educator. Guys, why do you think birds fly away in the fall?
Children. Because it's getting cold, there's nothing to eat.
Educator. Right. And the most important thing is that there is no food for life.
You know that in the fall many insects disappear: they either hide or die. This means that if birds eat insects, they will have nothing to feed themselves in the winter. What insectivorous birds do you know?
Children.(Make assumptions)
Educator. How to distinguish them? Do you know? The beak is straight, elongated or pointed to make it easier to catch insects. Look at the insectivorous birds: starling, swallow, cuckoo, oriole, nightingale, wagtail.
The wagtail is one of the most useful birds. She destroys flies and mosquitoes, which she deftly chases in the air. This bird is especially useful in the garden, where it quickly runs around the beds and pecks insects from the ground and plants. The wagtail is a very active bird. Even while resting, she wags her long tail every minute.
Have any of you seen such a bird? Can we call it migratory?
Children. Yes. Can.
Educator. The wagtail is one of the first to fly away, like all insectivorous birds. Then the granivores, that is, those that feed on the fruits and seeds of plants, fly away. You know them too. Look at the picture of the bunting, siskin, and chaffinch. Wild ducks and geese and swans fly away later than everyone else; they get ready to set off when the reservoirs freeze, because they are waterfowl. Look at the pictures and compare with the wagtail.
Why does a goose have webbed feet, but a wagtail does not?
Children. To swim quickly and stay on the water.
Educator. There are many migratory birds. Name what other birds you know.
Children.(Based on the pictures, children name the birds).
Educator. Have you ever seen high in the sky how birds gather in flocks and fly away? We rarely get to see them fly away. Because they fly mostly at night: it’s safer. Do you know that during the flight, many birds adhere to strict order? Moreover, different birds this order is different: cranes, geese, swans fly in a wedge, herons, storks, ibises fly in a line, wing to wing, ducks, eiders, scoters, long-tailed ducks, gulls, waders line up in a straight line or form an arc. Starlings, thrushes and other small birds do not like order: they fly at random. But large birds of prey (eagles, hawks, vultures, falcons) do not recognize company: they fly alone. Do you know where birds fly to?
Children. To warm countries, to the south.
3. Physical education moment
Outdoor game “Flies away, doesn’t fly away”
Rules of the game: The teacher lists the names of the birds, and the children run and flap their wings when they hear the names of a migratory bird. If they hear a wintering bird or a domestic bird, the children squat down.
Rules of the game : The teacher names the bird and asks the child how it sounds, then throws the ball to the child. The child catches the ball, answers the question and throws the ball back to the teacher.
Nightingale...(sings)
Swallow... (chirps)
Crane... (crows)
Crow... (caws)
Cuckoo... (cuckoos)
Duck...(quacks)
Chicken...(clucks)
Dove...(cooks)
Sparrow...(chirps).
5. Game for visual memory and attention “Who flew away?”
Rules of the game: The teacher attaches 5-6 images of migratory birds to the board (the number of pictures gradually increases) and asks the children to name all the birds. Then he says that one of the birds will fly south and asks the children to close their eyes. Removes one bird image. The first one to give the correct answer receives a prize token. The teacher ensures that the children answer in complete sentences.
For example: a crane flew south. The one with the most tokens wins.
6. Unlearning finger gymnastics"Ten birds - a flock"
Sing along, sing along:
10 birds - a flock.
This bird is a nightingale,
This bird is a sparrow
This bird is an owl
Sleepy little head.
This bird is a waxwing,
This bird is a crake,
This bird is a birdhouse
Gray feather.
This is a finch, this is a swift,
This is a cheerful siskin.
Well, this is an evil eagle.
Birds, birds go home! (I. Tokmakova)
7. Word game “Count and name”
Rules of the game: The teacher hands out pictures of migratory birds to the children, asks them to look at them and name them. Then the children are asked to take turns throwing a cube with numbers written on the sides and making sentences (following the example) using the bird and the number that appears on the cube. For example: “I have two storks”, “I have five rooks”.
8. Summary of the lesson
Educator. What birds were we talking about? What new have you learned about migratory birds? What games did you play? What did you like?
(Children's answers).
I want to give you this book - “The Life of Waterfowl”; by looking at and reading it, you will learn even more about migratory birds, including waterfowl.
Educational area "Communication" .
Form: "Cognitive activity"
Integration of areas:
"Communication" (main educational field) , "Cognition" , "Socialization" , « Physical Culture» , "Music" .
Types of activities: communicative, search, play, motor.
Correctional and educational:
- Strengthen the ability to compose a descriptive story about migratory birds using a mnemonic table.
- Practice writing multi-word sentences (In the field I saw a long stork).
- Expand your vocabulary of nouns (stork, rook, swallow, cuckoo, nightingale, starling, plumage, body, back, chest, wings, tail, paws, plumage, ornithologist, nest, hollow, clay...) adjectives (vocal, creaky, sonorous, long-legged, black-winged, sharp-beaked, fragile, durable) verbs (they fly in, howl, clean, sing, catch, fly) and adverbs (briskly, quickly, loudly) on this topic.
- Teach children to choose the right words and antonyms (high-low) and synonyms (sonorous, melodic).
- Improve word formation skills (long legs - long-legged)
Correctional and developmental:
- To promote the development of coherent speech expression, logical thinking, visual and auditory attention, general and fine motor skills.
- Introduce children to the profession "ornithologist" .
Correctional and educational:
- To develop cognitive and emotional activity in preschoolers, and a caring attitude towards nature and birds.
Equipment: multimedia projector, tape recorder, magnetic board, symbol "Sun" , an envelope with a letter, multi-colored envelopes, pictures of birds, mnemonic tables for describing birds, multi-colored clothespins, medals.
1. Organizational moment. Introductory conversation.
The multimedia projector is turned on and there is a picture of early spring on the screen.
(1 slide)
Speech therapist: - “Guys, what time of year is it now? What month of spring? .
“Who comes back to us in the spring?” . “What birds?” . “Why are they called migratory?” . “Do you know what scientists study migratory birds? - these scientists are called ornithologists" . (2 slide)
2. Introduction to new topic "Mysterious Letter" .
Speech therapist: - “This morning I received a letter from ornithologists in our country. "Dear Guys! This year the number of birds returning to our region has increased. We ask you to help us describe migratory birds. Be careful! Are you ready to become young ornithologists?
Speech therapist: - "Guys! When spring comes, we begin to hear the voices of many birds. And long before we see the bird, we can hear it. Let's recognize birds by their voices" .
Birds appear on the multimedia projector (stork, rook, cuckoo, swallow, starling, nightingale). (3 slide)
4. “Name, repeat, remember” .
Speech therapist: - “Guys, who is the first to arrive from warmer climes? (4 slide) Why do you think the rook arrives first? Let's name the parts of the rook's body in a chain" .
Children pass the sun to each other and attach a ray to it (ray-noun).
The speech therapist names the noun first, and the children repeat it and name their own.
The rook has a body, head, feathers, beak, eyes, legs, tail...
5. "Discover the birds' nest" .
Speech therapist: - “Guys, why do the birds come back to us?” .
Speech therapist: - “Do you think the nests of migratory birds are the same?” .
Speech therapist: - “Which bird has the largest and smallest nest? Whose nest is the most fragile? Think about what bird uses clay to build its nest? What bird likes to live in a house that a person made for it? What is it called? Guys, what bird doesn’t have its own nest?”
There are bird nests on the projector. (5 slide)
Speech therapist: “Let’s try to name the home of these birds together. Swallow's nest - whose nest? Nightingale's nest - whose nest?
6. "Which? Which? Which?" . Dynamic exercises.
Silhouettes of birds on the board.
Speech therapist: - “Guys, ornithologists sent photographs of migratory birds, but when I opened the envelope, I saw that all the photographs were ruined, only dark silhouettes remained. Help me recognize the birds. How did you guess which bird is in the photo? If a stork has long legs, does it? - long-legged. The rook has black wings, that's why it's called? -black-winged. The starling has a sharp beak, so can it be called? -sharp-billed. Let's turn into squirrels" .
Physical education for the development of gross motor skills "Sharp-billed squawk" .
Sharp-billed squawk hands on the belt, walking in place
I made a nest in a hollow using circular movements with my hands
Future chicks will love the clapping sound
Exercise to develop fine motor skills “The starling sees it in the grass”
Speech therapist: - “Guys, what does an open clothespin look like? (open beak of birds). Take one clothespin in your hands and imagine that this is the beak of our starling.” . (Children perform movements as they read the poem)
The squirrel sees in the grass opening and closing a clothespin for each word with the fingers of his right hand,
And on a hummock, and in the foliage, also movement with the fingers of the left hand,
And among the dense meadows, pinch the fingertips of your left hand,
Midges, flies, dragonflies, beetles. also movement with the right hand.
Lesson summary "Describe your bird" .
Envelopes with birds are attached to the children's tables.
Speech therapist: - “Guys, now you and I know a lot about the life of migratory birds, and now the time has come to meet them. Look who came to you. Let’s break into pairs and try to compose a riddle story based on the clues, and the rest of the children will guess it.” .
(Annex 1.)
Summary of the lesson. Reflection.
Calm music sounds.
Speech therapist: Guys, what did we do today? What new have you learned? What did you like most about the lesson?
Children pass the swallow to each other and talk about their impressions.
- “You did an excellent job with the tasks, learned a lot about migratory birds, were able to describe them, and for this you receive medals for young ornithologists” .
Appendix to the GCD summary: presentation "Young ornithologist" , mnemonic table.
Crane
In the spring, cranes returned to their native swamp from warm countries. How nice it is to be at home! The sun is warming up, the lush marsh grasses are turning green. The cranes rested a little after a long flight, looked around, walked on high legs, as if on stilts, through the swamp and began looking, lowering their long beaks into the swamp water, for worms, bugs, frogs and tadpoles. There is something for cranes to feed among the swamps, and there are also secluded places in dense thickets of reeds and sedges where they can build a nest.
Long legs and beaks help cranes adapt to life among swamps and swamp hummocks. The plumage of the crane is silver-gray, on its head there is a dark cap decorated with a red spot. The wings of these birds are large, strong, edged with dark feathers.
In Siberia, in the swamps you can see the white crane - the Siberian Crane. It is very beautiful - snow-white, with a red forehead and beak, black legs and black stripes at the ends of the wings. This rare bird is listed in the Red Book.
In spring, cranes organize games and dances. Cranes dance in pairs and as a flock. The crane approaches the crane, stands in front of her and bows, nodding his head, inviting her to dance. The crane interrupts the hunt for frogs, and the dance begins: the cranes jump, squat, move their legs, and flap their wings. At first the birds dance slowly, and then faster and faster. Soon a flock of cranes gathers from all over the swamp, the birds form a circle around the dancing couple, and then, unable to resist, they themselves begin to dance joyfully. “Apparently, dancing has the same infectious effect on cranes as laughter does on us,” noted one zoologist.
Young cranes are not trained in the “dance school” as soon as they are born; on the fifth or sixth day of birth, they already boldly perform complex pirouettes, jumping high, bowing and throwing up various small items. But the time has come for these carefree birds to start building a nest. Cranes build their nest on the ground among bushes and grasses. Soon one or three large eggs appear in it. Both parents incubate the eggs, and after a month the eggs hatch into chicks. Having barely dried, they follow their parents, swim well on the first day, and after two months they “take wing” and are ready to make a long flight.
When berries ripen in the swamps - cranberries, cloudberries, lingonberries and blueberries - the cranes pluck them with pleasure and love to feast on the juicy stems of young sedge and the seeds of various herbs.
In the second half of September, the nights become longer and colder, and the mornings are filled with thick, humid fogs. The sonorous crowing of cranes can be heard at dawn over the swamps, the birds gather in flocks, preparing to fly to hot countries.
Cranes
High in the blue distance
Cranes are flying above the ground.
They fly, they coo,
They call us after them,
As if to say:
- Fly with us!
Behind the dark forests
Beyond the blue seas
There are warm regions;
There in the green valley.
We'll pass the winter
And in early spring
Let's return to our native land!
Cuckoo
Work is in full swing in spring forest: birdies carry twigs, dry blades of grass, pieces of moss in their beaks - they build nests, cover them with down and feathers, and prepare for the appearance of chicks. Only the cuckoo doesn't build a nest! She sat on a branch on the top of a tall aspen tree and carefully, patiently looks out for where the birds make their homes.
When a caring, hard-working bird flies away from the nest for a while, the cuckoo is right there! Will immediately put it in someone else's cozy house its own egg, and the owner’s will carry it away in its beak and throw it away.
What kind of birds do cuckoos not lay their eggs in? forest towers redstarts, wagtails, warblers, wrens, flycatchers, into the hollows of woodpeckers and even into the nest of a wading bird - the sandpiper. But all birds have different eggs. They differ in color and size. How do gullible birds not notice a thrown egg? Very simple! From year to year, the cuckoo throws eggs to birds of the same species. There are “redstart” cuckoos, whose eggs are similar in color to the eggs of redstarts, there are “wagtails” - their eggs are difficult to distinguish from wagtail eggs, and the size of cuckoo eggs is small, the same as those of small forest birds.
Well, what should the cuckoo do if the bird, while incubating its eggs, does not fly away from the nest?
Then the cuckoo resorts to cunning, taking advantage of its resemblance to a predatory hawk, which forest birds are afraid of. The cuckoo is almost the same color and size as the hawk, and it flies similar.
When defenseless birds notice the silhouette of a descending “predator” above them, they fly out of their green shelters with a squeak. That's all the cuckoo needs! She immediately places her eggs in their nests. The male helps her, distracting the attention of the small birds. They are worried, attack him, but the cunning man does not even think about flying away.
After 11 days, the cuckoo hatches from the shell. “Having dried a little, the newborn begins hard work - you need to throw out the extra eaters from the nest. The little cuckoo carefully crawls under its neighbor in the house, throws him on his back and carries him to the edge of the nest. A jerk - and the victim flies overboard! (I. Akimushkin). In the first weeks of life, the cuckoo chick has a small depression on its back, with the help of which it throws out its half-brothers, then it disappears.
So the chick is left alone in the nest, now all the food that the adoptive parents bring will go only to him, because he is very voracious and grows, like in a fairy tale: by leaps and bounds!
What about the mother cuckoo? Our forest cuckoos, having saved themselves from parental troubles, never visit their children.
In the spring, the loud sound of “cuckoo” can be heard far in the forest. It's a cuckoo calling.
Cuckoo
At the edge of the forest
You can hear "cuckoo".
The cuckoo is calling
Somewhere up there.
Into the thick green forest
She is calling us.
There are birch trees, maples,
Freshness, silence.
Sun glare
They glide across the grass,
Scarlet strawberries
The droplets are burning.
The branches are intertwined there
Lace canopy.
Come on kids
For a walk in the forest.
Almost everyone has heard the song of the cuckoo, but not everyone has had the opportunity to see this bird with brownish-gray plumage, because they usually hide on the top of the head tall tree, in dense green branches.
The main food of cuckoos is insects, but sometimes they can also peck sweet forest berries.
Although cuckoos are careless parents, they bring great benefits to our forests, because these birds destroy hairy caterpillars that other birds do not touch. And hairy caterpillars, especially silkworm caterpillars, are dangerous enemies of the forest: they eat leaves, stems and buds of plants, and the forest can dry out.
In mid-summer, in July, birds fly to hot Africa. Young cuckoos arrive there later.
Swan
Do you remember the fairy tale by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “About Tsar Saltan, about his glorious and mighty hero Guidon Saltanovich and about beautiful princess Swans"?
In this fairy tale, a snow-white swan, bewitched by an evil sorcerer, turns into a beautiful princess:
Here she is, flapping her wings,
Flew over the waves
And to the shore from above
She sank into the bushes.
Started up, shook myself off
And she turned around like a princess:
The moon shines under the scythe,
And in the forehead the star is burning...
The swan is a beautiful, proud bird, therefore in fairy tales, songs, poems beautiful girl compared to a white swan. They say that she has “the neck of a swan and the gait of a peacock.” The plumage of swans is dazzling white. When a swan is mating, it slightly raises its wings, and they “swell like snow-white sails on the sides of a living boat” (I. Akimushkin). The swan has a red beak and webbed feet to make it easier to swim.
Swan
The sun has shone
Pale sky.
White-winged swan
Slowly swims.
The reflection melts
In the mirror of water,
Dozing without moving
Light ponds.
Silver drop
In the green of the leaf.
Maybe I'm dreaming
This beauty?
In the morning, swans bathe, splash their wings in the water, raising fountains of spray, and wash every feather and the skin underneath. Having bathed, the birds climb ashore, wring out the feathers with their beaks, and then shake themselves off for a long time. Having dried a little, the swans grease their feathers. This is not an easy task! After all, a swan has 25 thousand feathers! Well-oiled feathers hold a lot of air and help birds float on the water.
Swans usually feed on green grasses, leaves and stems of plants, but sometimes they can also feast on small aquatic life.
Swans make their nests not far from the water, in dense thickets of grass, and cover them with down. In the spring, chicks appear in the friendly swan family. There are five or six eggs in the nest, all the chicks are born at the same time. When the chicks dry out, hiding under the fluffy wing of their mother, and their warm thick fluff is heavily saturated with the fatty grease of her feathers, the swan leads the babies to a river or lake, helping the babies, walking on weak legs, get to the reservoir. “Follow your mother everywhere” is the main commandment, and the chicks strictly follow it and diligently repeat everything that their mother does. The kids follow her fearlessly into the water. From the first day they swim, dive, and feed on leaves and grass themselves.
And after two months, the young swans “take wing” - they learn to fly in the skies*. No wonder the proverb says: “A swan in the sky, a moth above the ground - to each his own path.”
Swans have been visiting our area for a long time. Beautiful birds fly south when the water bodies are covered with a crust of ice, and in the spring they return to their native places.
Starling
Early spring. The sun is warming up, and the first thawed patches have already appeared on the hills and slopes of ravines. Streams run along the sides of the roads, dazzlingly sparkling in the sun. At this time, the messengers of spring - starlings - return to their native lands from distant overseas countries.
The starling is large, beautiful bird with shiny black plumage. It has a straight, long beak, black in the female and bright yellow in the male. The beak helps the starling extract worms from the ground.
Having flown home, starlings sit on branches near their birdhouses and sing joyfully, loudly, welcoming their native forests, meadows and fields.
Starlings
The starlings have arrived -
Young spring messengers.
They peck at worms
And they sing, they sing, they sing!
The bird's song is beautiful and sonorous; it often imitates the voices of other birds. In his singing you can hear the trill of a lark, the cry of an oriole, and the chirping of a swallow. For a whole week the starling sings songs, forgetting about everything in the world.
When a starling arrives from distant countries, a friendly couple begins to build a nest. It happens that little sparrows have taken up residence in a birdhouse favored by birds in winter. Then the starlings ask them to leave. They bring twigs and dry blades of grass to the vacated birdhouse and cover the nest with feathers and down.
Soon smooth greenish-blue eggs appear in the nest, and after two weeks the starlings hatch out of them. Day after day, the parents fly into meadows, fields and vegetable gardens, looking for food for the chicks - worms, snails, slugs and insects.
At the beginning of June, curious starlings look out of the round window of the birdhouse and study with interest what has opened to them. amazing world. And everything is blooming all around, butterflies are fluttering, bumblebees and bees are buzzing. But the little starlings do not have the courage to fly out of the nest. The starling mother begins to lure the babies out of the house. She brings a delicious worm in her beak, sits on a perch near the window and shows the delicacy to the little bird. The chick pulls its beak for a treat, and the mother moves away from it. The little bird, clinging to the window with its paws, sticks out, hangs over and flies down. He screams in fear, but at that moment the wings open, support the chick, and he lands on his paws. The mother, in order to cheer up the little bird, treats him to a worm.
Soon, in a secluded corner of the forest, where there are a lot of midges, worms, and larvae, a starling school opens. Adult starlings teach kids to dig worms out of the ground, escape from cold dew and rain, and choose right place for an overnight stay, recognize the danger signal.
By autumn, starlings gather in flocks, preparing to fly to hot Africa.
Nightingale
Nightingale
In the greenery of the branches
nightingale
All night long
He sings songs to us.
Songs flow endlessly
There is no better singer in the forest!
May has arrived. The leaves on the trees and bushes have become stronger, opened up, and a light drop of dew or rain can hold on them without rolling off. People say: “Nightingales fly to our region when they can drink from a birch leaf.”
Along the banks of rivers and ravines, fragrant bird cherry curls curled, willow and alder fluffed up. In the dense green thickets, forest singers - nightingales - sing: “Fitchurr-fi-tchurr-fi-tchurr-tyuy-lit, tyuy-lit-cho-chocho-cho-cho-trrrts!” They chirp, whistle, cluck, captivating with their singing. No one in the forest sings better than the nightingale!
“The nightingale has a magical song and modest plumage.” On top it is colored dark chestnut with more dark shade on the back and below the plumage is light gray, the breast and throat are white, and the tail is reddish-brown. No one bright spot not in his plumage.
In dense thickets of willow and alder, on the slopes of deep ravines, where icy springs flow, nightingales build nests and hatch their chicks. At the end of May, four to six greenish-gray eggs appear in the nightingale's nest. The female incubates them for two weeks. To feed, she flies out of the nest for a short time, then sits down again on the clutch. When the chicks hatch, nightingales feed them caterpillars, larvae and worms.
At the end of August, nightingales gather in small flocks. At this time, berries ripen in the forests, and birds eat them with pleasure, they especially like elderberries. At the beginning of September, birds fly to warmer climes.
Wagtail
When you walk along a forest path, not yet completely dry after the May rain, you can see a cheerful, pretty wagtail trotting ahead with quick steps, cheerfully shaking its long tail. As it moves, it deftly grabs midges and mosquitoes with its beak, without fear of humans.
The wagtail is slender and graceful. Its back and sides are gray, its belly is white, the upper part of its chest, tail and wings are black, shiny, decorated with white feathers at the edges. What a fashionista!
Wagtail
Wagtail, wagtail -
Striped blouse!
I've been waiting for you all winter.
Settle in my garden
And behind the carved shutter
Make your nest in the spring.
The wagtail arrives in our region in early spring when there is still ice on the rivers and lakes. People call the wagtail an icebreaker: the bird runs along the ice floes, looks for bugs frozen in the ice, shakes its tail - “breaks the ice.” Wagtails usually make their nests in bushes along the banks of rivers and streams. After all, near the water it is easier for them to get food for themselves and their chicks. Mosquitoes, moths, midges, butterflies, and beetles are the favorite food of wagtails.
The wagtail's nest is made from straws and thin twigs and covered with down. Usually there are five or six eggs in the nest, painted with gray dots.
After two weeks, the eggs hatch and the chicks are fed by their parents with midges and mosquitoes. When the chicks grow up, together with their mother wagtail they
walking along the sandy spit by the river. The mother keeps a vigilant eye on the babies and does not forget to feed them.
The wagtail is an agile and brave bird. Noticing a hawk in the sky, she screams loudly and alarmingly: “Zizi! Qi-zi! Other wagtails flock to the cry. Friendly birds chase away the hawk.
At the end of summer it gets colder, insects hide, and wagtails, joining in small flocks, fly to Africa and South Asia.
Duck
In the spring, on the bank of the river, in dense thickets of reeds and sedges, a gray duck built its nest. The drake dad chose a secluded place for him, and the mother duck laid a soft feather bed of down and feathers on the bottom of the nest.
The duck lays ten eggs, carefully incubates them, leaving only briefly to snack on lush marsh grasses, green duckweed and various aquatic small things - bugs, worms and larvae. A drake swims along the river not far from the nest, protecting it from uninvited guests.
When a duck sits motionless on a clutch of eggs, it is not so easy to notice: its modest gray-brown plumage blends with surrounding nature- dry last year's reed stems, greenish-brown roots and leaves of marsh and river grasses.
The color of the drake is bright and elegant. The blue-green neck and tips of the feathers shimmer with mother-of-pearl, and the wings and tail are decorated with white and dark brown stripes.
After three weeks, ducklings appear in the nest, looking like small fluffy balls. Having dried under the warm mother’s wing, they run after the duck to the river, boldly enter the water, swim and dive with pleasure.
The duck teaches kids to find food and hide from enemies. The ducklings do not leave their mother a single step, they follow her everywhere, because the main rule of the duck school is: swim next to their mother, repeat everything she does.
Every morning the duck family takes water treatments: dives and splashes, raising splashes sparkling in the sun. Then, having climbed onto the sandbank, the ducks shake themselves off and carefully grease each feather with fat.
Why do ducks need such baths?
After all, these birds spend most of their time in the water. It turns out that bathing is very necessary.
“A duck that has not bathed for several days or has not taken care of its plumage, if immediately put into the water, may... drown.
And if you don’t drown, you will swim poorly, with your body almost submerged in water. So, with dirty feathers, birds can neither fly nor swim. What's the matter?
The finest feather bristles without water stick together and break.
After bathing, ducks lubricate their feathers with the fat of the coccygeal gland, because a well-lubricated feather seems to be inflated with air and greatly helps birds swim and fly” (I. Akimushkin).
In the fall, when the duckweed sinks to the bottom and the water in the river becomes colder, the ducks break up into pairs.
Drakes and ducks swim towards each other, drink water and bow, as if saying: “Hello! We are glad to meet you!” The duck chooses the drake he likes and often remains his faithful friend all his life.
Ducks are the last to fly away from our region, because while the ponds, rivers and lakes are not frozen, they have something to feed on.
In Moscow and the Moscow region they often winter in non-freezing reservoirs.
The Tale of the Crooked Duck
(based on a Russian folk tale)
Saying
Down the river like a little boat.
I’ll put aside work and put up a rake
To the willow trunk, bent over the water,
And I’ll wander, little boat, after you.
I start a semicircular mine.
The water under the scales of duckweed is sad,
About the crooked gray duck
I remember the words of an old fairy tale.
Where the dome of the ancient church darkens,
In the old days there was a village.
Shaky bridges ran down to the water,
Old people lived in the poor hut.
An old man once caulked a boat
And he returned in the evening with a find:
Trusting, warm, alive
He brought the old woman a crooked duck.
What joy the old people had!
The old woman, without hesitation for a long time,
Made a nest out of scraps
And she put the duck in her wallet.
The next morning the old people left home
Stack straw in the far field.
And the duck turned into a young woman,
I went to the well for some water
And baked ruddy pies,
And she began to wait for the old people to arrive.
In the evening the old people came to the village.
We entered the hut - it was clean, light,
Rugs are spread everywhere
Dishes washed and cleaned
The grips and cast irons stand still,
And it smells like sweet dough.
The old man crossed himself at the icon
And he whispered to the old woman: “God is with us!”
Thank the one who helped us.
The old woman began to bow deeply.
Then I went to see my chatty neighbor.
That duck’s secret was immediately revealed to her:
- I saw it, crooked young lady
I went with a rocker to get some water.
The old woman lit the stove in the morning
And she hid with the old man in the closet:
- As soon as he throws off his feathers, burn them right away,
Then she'll have to stay with us!
The young woman returned to the hut
And immediately there were enough gray feathers,
She started wailing and went out onto the porch,
She raised her tear-stained face
TO gray sky. The clouds were getting dark
Geese and swans were flying over the river.
The young woman begged:
- Sisters, brothers,
Give me just one feather!
But quickly, high they flew
And they didn’t have time to throw their feathers to her.
Suddenly a young woman sees: above the barn
Flying alone, straying from the flock,
The pinched shabby duckling,
It flies and flaps its wings tiredly.
And it was as if the snow had covered the trees:
Bird feathers fell and began to swirl.
She collected them in one minute
And then she turned into a duck again.
She dived from the bridge and disappeared into the reeds.
Water splashed somewhere in the distance...
In vain at sunset the old people
We walked along the path by the river:
They beckoned the duck, threw bread crumbs -
The little nest remained empty...
Swim, swim, golden leaf,
Snags, river pools bending around.
It seemed to me that the duck was crooked
Flashed in the creek among the dry grass.
Perhaps she will return to the old people
And she will turn into a young woman again,
And she will become like a dear daughter to them -
Caring duck crooked.
Rook
The rook is a fairly large migratory bird, the plumage of which is almost black, shimmering with a purple sheen.
Rooks arrive in our region in early spring. No wonder the proverb says: “If the rook is on the mountain, then spring is just around the corner.”
Having arrived, the rooks stay in small flocks. They love to wander through plowed fields prepared for sowing and look for beetles, worms and larvae in the soft, damp soil.
When spring finally comes into its own, it becomes lighter every day, and the sun warms up the meadows and fields, the rooks begin to build a nest. They lay their eggs in the finished nest, and when the chicks hatch from them, the parents carefully feed them with worms, mosquitoes, and flies.
Rooks walk in the fields:
They brought spring.
These birds know for sure:
Sunny days are coming soon.
The ringing pieces of ice have broken
And they floated down the river,
And the earrings blossomed
On aspen and alder.
The willows are tenderly golden,
Their trunks became lighter,
They shine beautifully on the pine tree
Large resin drops.
Blackbirds are migratory birds. They have an elongated, slender body, a straight, medium-length beak, high legs and pointed wings. The plumage of all birds (except the blackbird) is almost the same: pale coffee with characteristic triangular spots of dark brown color. Blackbirds have excellent vision and hearing. All blackbirds are good flyers. They are very active, dexterous, cautious and mistrustful birds. The fieldfare thrush is very sociable and loves to settle in entire colonies. Other species, such as songbirds and blackbirds, on the contrary, prefer to live in solitude.
Where do blackbirds live? They live in Europe, Asia, America.
In Russia, white-browed thrushes, mistlebirds and fieldfare thrushes live, and blackbirds and songbirds are also found.
Whitebrow is colored in light colors. He prefers sunny small forests and young birch forests. You will not find these birds in dense forests. They build nests close to the ground. The female lays from 3 to 6 eggs. After 10-12 days, the chicks leave their home and look for their own food: insects, small worms. White-browed birds make the following sounds: “Tsi-fli-sin, tsi-fli-sin!”
Deryaba is a type of blackbird. It is larger than the whitebrow and is gray-brown in color. The grouse lives in light forests and parks, and for the winter they fly to Europe.
The fieldfare has chosen to live in Europe; it is also found in Siberia. Typically, fieldfares gather in flocks of 30 - 40 pairs. They settle in parks, copses, and on the edges of forests. These birds are called field ash birds because they love to eat rowan berries, viburnum, and sea buckthorn berries.
Finally, one of the most common blackbirds in Russia is the blackbird. It is half the size of a jackdaw, but twice the size of a sparrow.
What does a blackbird look like? The color of its plumage is matte black. The beak is bright orange-yellow. He has yellow rings around his eyes.
Blackbirds sing in the morning and evening: “Tak-tak, chick-chick!” They live in coniferous and mixed forests with undergrowth, in abandoned gardens and parks.
The blackbird's nest is like a cup. Birds build it in the dense branches of spruce trees, birch trees, and linden trees. Sometimes the nest is located near the ground. Blackbirds, like other species, are omnivores. They eat insects, plant seeds, rowan berries, viburnum, and sea buckthorn.
Mixed forests, but with a predominance of young and dense spruce thickets, serve as favorite places for settlement and nesting of blackbirds. Blackbirds lay eggs (4-6 of them, pale blue with green specks) in May-June. On the 13th or 14th day of incubation, the chicks hatch from the eggs. The food for all blackbirds is insects, worms and terrestrial molluscs. In autumn and winter, blackbirds very readily feed on rowan berries and other wild berries.
Let the leaves fall from the branches,
Autumn rain rustles.
The blackbird pecks the rowan trees -
You won't find better berries!
Lark
Between heaven and earth
The song is heard
A continuous stream
Why is it pouring so loudly?
The singer of the fields is not to be seen,
Louder, louder.
From under your grass
Lark song.
The lark is a songbird of the passerine order.
What does a lark look like? He looks like a sparrow. The color of the lark is gray-brown, yellowish. The back of this bird is gray, the plumage of the belly is white, the breast is brown, there is a small crest on the head of the lark, and the tail is edged with white feathers. This coloring is called protective. In the dense green and yellow-green grasses, the lark is difficult to notice.
Do you know where larks usually live? I will tell you. They choose to live in open, hilly pastures or slightly marshy plains.
The lark is a migratory bird. It arrives in our region in early spring. The fields have not yet turned green, the insects have not yet woken up, but the larks in the blue sky are already fluttering their wings and singing joyfully. Their song sometimes resembles a trill, sometimes like the ringing of bells.
What do larks eat this early? spring time? They look for insect larvae in thawed patches and select last year's seeds from the furrows in the fields.
In the old days in Rus' there was a custom of making larks from dough. In the spring, children went out onto the meadow and sang Russian folk songs - simple and sonorous.
Here are the words to these songs.
Song one
Oh, you larks,
Larks!
Fly into the field
Bring health:
The first is cow
The second is sheep,
Third - human!
Song two
Larks, larks!
Come and visit us
Bring us a warm summer.
Take the cold winter away from us.
We are tired of winter with frosts.
My hands and feet were frozen.
The children danced in circles, sang songs, and then treated themselves to birds baked in the oven.
Larks often settle near water, near small rivers and streams.
Female larks are smaller than males and do not sing songs. Having arrived, they look for a warm place for a nest. Larks use their beaks to dig a hole for a nest in soft, damp soil. Then they insulate it with feathers, down, and soft blades of grass.
The female sits on the eggs for about two weeks. Larks usually lay 4 - 6 eggs. After 10 days, the chicks leave the nest and look for food themselves.
What do larks eat? Plants, cereal seeds. They like to treat themselves to wheat and oats. They eat beetles, spiders, and larvae. They drink pure dew from flowers and herbs, like sparrows, and love to bathe in dust.
Above the field
Larks, larks,
Fly over the field.
Larks, larks,
Bring us joy.
So that there is a lot of bread,
Bring on the blue skies.
Sing wonderful songs
Yes, emerald herbs!
Bluebell lark
It rings like a bell
It rings and never gets tired.
Sings and sings all day
Bell of spring.
It's you, lark!
Larks can also imitate other birds. In their song you will hear trills, the ringing of bells, and the chirping of sparrows. Sometimes larks are kept in cages. They are difficult to maintain, they need care, love, and proper food. In a cage, a lark can live up to 10 years.
In nature, larks have many enemies: the falcon, the ferret, the weasel, the ermine, crows, mice, hawks, and even snakes.
The only thing that saves the lark is that from a height of 500 m it falls like a stone into the grass and hides between the stems.
Listen to how the wonderful journalist, writer, and nature connoisseur Vasily Peskov described the lark: “It’s a joy to lean against the warm trunk of a long-lived pine tree on some day in early April at the edge of the forest. No longer above a thawed patch, but above a strip of dark earth in a stream of upward heat, a lark hangs and its bell rings over the warming meadow.”
May spring return to our region
Larks, larks,
Come visit us soon!
Bring it, larks,
Summer is warmer,
Take away the terrible winter,
Frosty winter.
You are flying over the fields,
Have fun with the kids.
Let the grass turn green
The sky is bright blue.
May spring return to our region,
Let her smile at us!
Larks are flying away from our lands late autumn. They gather in flocks of 5-7 birds. They fly across the fields, picking up ears of corn.
When it gets cool in the fall, larks fly to warmer places, to the south, so that in early spring they can hang over the fields in silvery streams again and sing their wonderful songs.
Martin
The swallow is a small, beautiful migratory bird, swift in flight, with long pointed wings. People affectionately call her “killer whale.”
Swift-winged swallows arrive with the onset of warm spring days and immediately begin building nests. To build its house, a swallow needs wet clay, animal hairs, feathers of other birds, straws and blades of grass.
Having collected enough material, the birds make bowl houses, holding straws, hairs and clay together with their saliva. Swallows attach their nests to the eaves of houses, under roofs and balconies.
With the appearance of chicks hatched from eggs in the nest caring parents They bring them food: midges, mosquitoes, flying to the nest about a thousand times a day!
After about a month, the chicks leave their nest and, like adult birds, merrily fly through the sky after their parents, catching midges, mosquitoes and other insects in flight.
Little swallow
Come quickly!
You and I are affectionate
It will be more fun.
Oh you, fast-winged
Our chirping!
Tender, beautiful.
Your house is like a bowl.