Soil stabilization technology. Features of the application of soil stabilization and strengthening technology in the Russian Federation. Binding materials and additives

This also applies to the bonding of combustion slags. Positive samples of the bonding of combustion slags of steelmaking metallurgy and slags of zinc production were obtained, and flotation dust was also bonded using a mixture of the drug "Geosta K-1" with cement.

- compressive strength,
– reduced ability to absorb moisture
– frost resistance,
– increased elastic modulus
– a homogeneous structure (artificial stone) with the properties of soil concrete is formed.

The drug "Geosta K-1" allows you to solve many problems: geotechnical, in soil stabilization, in soil strengthening, in hydraulic engineering, in low and high pressure injections, in the disposal of industrial waste.

The task of the recycler machine is to mix the mixture of soil, concrete and Geosta ® to a homogeneous mixture to the required depth

Possibilities of practical use of the drug
"G E O S T A K-1"

1. In the construction of roads, sites, parking lots (as “pillows” for covering, as a foundation).
2. In the recycling of roads, strengthening existing supports.
3. In the stabilization of slopes, embankments, flood barriers.
4. Strengthening railway embankments.
5. In the construction of highways and airfields.
6. In the construction of tennis courts, bicycle paths, sidewalks.
7. In the reclamation and construction of municipal and industrial landfills.
8. Temporary and installation roads at construction sites.
9. When consolidating industrial waste.
10. During the construction of rain and sewer pipelines, gas pipelines, heating mains and process pipelines.
11. In hydraulic structures.
12. For silt deposits in mines.
13. As an additive to concrete.
14. As an additive in the production of bricks and other building materials.
15. Recommended for solving complex geotechnical and environmental problems.
16. In low and high pressure injections.

Why GEOSTA®?

Introduction of Geosta® technology as a means of achieving highquality in road structures, has been applied in world practice in the last decade and has proven its perfection. Geosta® has made it possible to stabilize any type of soil (inincluding silt and slag).

It becomes possible to stabilize with cement in soils where it is traditionally unattainable, for example: soils with organic impurities, soils with humus (chernozems), highly oxidized soils spoiled by chemical waste with a high content of heavy metals.

Before...

After...

The amount of raw materials is reduced compared to the traditional method. And, in addition, Geosta® reduces the thickness of the structure. The final product is a monolith - hard as a rock, waterproof and frost-resistant.

Using the Geosta® method significantly reduces project implementation time.

ADVANTAGES OF THE METHOD

● No direct or collateral threat to the ecosystem

● Use of ANY materials: clay, silt, slag, dust-like sand, soils mixed with humus, soils with humus, oxidized soils, etc.

● Lower cost compared to the conventional method due to:

– increasing compressive strength.

– increased elastic modulus.

– resistance to frost, freezing and washing,

– high productivity during construction.

– smaller thickness of the asphalt layer (about 1/3 of the thickness of the asphalt coating when making the base using the bulk method).

– Reduction in wetness by more than 30%

● The use of Geosta® in the road base results in a reduced tendency for microcracks to form in the upper layers of asphalt compared to the traditional method.

● expands the scope of application of cement, due to the fact that GEOSTA® binds any soil;
● has a positive effect on the hydration process and the cementation process, which increases the strength of the structure and reduces cement consumption;
● reduces cement consumption by 12-14% compared to the conventional method;
● allows you to achieve high elasticity of the structure, which is based on the theory of ion exchange, and its structure (the so-called “layer of honey”) indicates significant concentration and strength;
● gives durability to the structure;
● allows you to use the properties of stabilized soil - water resistance, reduction in wetness by 25-30%;
● does not threaten the environment;
● due to its high adhesion, it prevents the leaching of toxic components, and, on the contrary, has the ability to convert heavy metals into their silicate structures;
● allows you to get an impressive effect without the use of specialized equipment;
● this method can be recommended for use in all operations of binding soil with cement and consolidating industrial waste.

● POSSIBILITIES OF USING THE PREPARATION “GEOSTA K-1”WITH INDUSTRIAL WASTE (!)

 In the construction of hydraulic structures.
 In the construction of highways, airports, roads, warehouse foundations, parking lots, bicycle paths.
 In mine construction.
 In the foundations for machines and equipment, factory production lines.
 In the construction and strengthening of slopes, embankments, flood barriers.
 During the construction of rain and sewer pipelines, gas pipelines, heating mains and process pipelines
 In the reclamation and construction of municipal and industrial landfills.
 In individual projects where difficult geotechnical and environmental problems arise.

Taking into account the practical possibilities of using the drug “GEOSTA K-1”, including with industrial waste, specific testing, development, as well as individual projects are required.

WE INVITE YOU TO COOPERATE!

This technology was invented by ANT-Engineering LLC in 2006. To date, more than 150 km of roads of various categories have been built in Russia and abroad. Highways built using ANT technology are used in all climatic zones: from the desert to the Arctic Circle.

The main element of the technology is the drug “Stabilizer of soils and organomineral mixtures “ANT” (English - “ant”). It is used both independently for soil stabilization and in conjunction with inorganic or organic binders for strengthening.

Operating principle of the soil stabilizer "ANT"

Soil stabilizer “ANT” is a Russian product and is produced in the city of Volzhsky, Volgograd region. It is a complex organic preparation. Its action is aimed at carrying out redox reactions in the soil. Produces a directed oxidative reaction by exposing the surface of a soil particle to molecular oxygen, as well as in cement (if used). As a result, new oxides of chemical elements contained in the soil are formed. Then, the previously attached oxygen is separated, and a reverse reduction reaction occurs, which leads to the formation of new crystalline compounds in the soil between its particles.

This reaction completely repeats the processes of formation of sedimentary rocks in the earth's crust. If we had the opportunity to increase the load during compaction of the treated soil by more than 5 times, then we would be able to obtain reinforced soils with a strength grade of over M200. But, unfortunately, modern technology and methods of road work do not allow us to achieve these results.

In addition, the stabilizer contains surfactants, which makes it possible to achieve a maximum coefficient of soil compaction, and, consequently, obtain a material with less capillaries. This allows you to significantly reduce water absorption of stabilized and strengthened soils.

5 main advantages

1. High physical and mechanical properties.

Soils strengthened using Stabilizer "ANT", have high physical and mechanical properties and fully comply with the requirements of GOST 23558-94 "Mixtures of crushed stone-gravel-sand and soils treated with inorganic binders for road and airfield construction."

For example, when constructing highways of the V technical category of the transitional type, it is enough to install one layer of reinforced soil with a thickness of h = 15 cm. This structural layer is designed for traffic with an axle load of up to 8 vehicles. The total modulus of elasticity on the surface of this layer will be more than 150 MPa.

2. Low consumption, as well as its low estimated cost.

The consumption is 0.007% of the soil mass. When carrying out road construction work, 1 liter per 7.5 m 3 of the future layer is required. For the construction of 1 km of category IV–V highway, i.e. installation of 6000 m 2 layers of reinforced soil, 15 cm thick, stabilizer consumption will be 120 liters, the estimated cost, respectively, is 312,000 rubles or 52 rubles / m 2.

3. Simplification of the processes of stabilization and strengthening of soils.

Namely:

• lack of maintenance of hardened soils;
• the possibility of resuming vehicle traffic immediately after compaction of the layer;
• no need for expansion joints.

4. Possibility of useSoil stabilizer "ANT"both independently and together with inorganic and organic binders.

When using the Stabilizer together with cement, the strength properties of strengthened soils increase by more than 30% relative to control samples without it.

When used in conjunction with bitumen emulsions or foamed bitumen, there is a better distribution of the binder throughout the entire volume of the soil, an increase in the adhesion of the binder particles to the soil and a subsequent increase in the physical and mechanical properties of strengthened soils.

5. Complete environmental safety.

Stabilizer "ANT" does not have any negative impact on the environment and is 100% environmentally friendly. When carrying out road construction work, it is not necessary to provide technical personnel with additional protective equipment. It also does not have a negative impact on machine components and mechanisms.

Scope of application of soil stabilizer "ANT"

construction of foundations for highways of categories I–V, non-rigid and rigid types;

road surfaces of IV – V categories of transitional type;

stabilization of the base and working layer of the subgrade;

as an additive when strengthening soils with organic or complex binders.

Independently, the “ANT” stabilizer can be used to stabilize clayey soils with a plasticity number from 1 to 17 (sandy loam, loam, clay). Stabilized soils can be used to stabilize the base or working layer of the subgrade, as well as the construction of lower layers of foundations.

To obtain strengthened soils, it is necessary to add cement in an amount of 2% -5% by weight of the soil. The rate of cement consumption depends on the type of soil, climatic zone and the required strength properties of the reinforced soil. To carry out the work, it is possible to use sandy loam, loam, sand and gravel mixtures, low-strength stone materials, waste from crushing stone materials and concrete.

Usage Soil stabilizer "ANT", together with organic or complex binders, it allows to reduce the consumption of binders and increase the strength characteristics of strengthened soils. In addition to the redox reaction occurring in the soil, the “ANT” Stabilizer will increase the adhesion of the bitumen binder to the soil, as well as evenly distribute it throughout the entire volume of the soil.

Consumption rate

The required amount of Stabilizer is 0.007% by weight of the soil. When carrying out road works, the norm for its consumption is 1 liter of stabilizer per 7.5 m 3 of the future structural layer.

Soil stabilizer "ANT" is used in the form of an aqueous solution. The required amount of water is calculated based on the natural moisture of the soil and the optimal moisture content during compaction. They also provide for an adjustment for the amount of water for climatic conditions, type of soil, amount of cement used, etc. In practice, the dissolution coefficient of the stabilizer with water ranges from 1:250 to 1:1000.

Options for road construction work

Carrying out road work is possible using various equipment configurations.

Self-propelled recyclers. With their help, during a work shift, they construct a structural layer of reinforced soils with an area of ​​over 5000 m 2. The treated soil mixture is prepared directly on the road, in one pass. The aqueous solution is dosed into the rotor, and its flow is controlled by the machine’s on-board computer. The cement is distributed before the recycler passes.

When using technogenic soils, it is possible to prepare the mixture in specialized soil-mixing or concrete-mixing plants. The treated soil is laid using an asphalt paver (the best results in terms of geometry) or a motor grader. The speed of work depends directly on the productivity of mixing plants.

The preparation of treated soil is also carried out using agricultural cutters and harrows. The penetration into the ground should be 30% higher than the calculated thickness of the structural layer. The best results are achieved when using horizontal mounted milling cutters driven by the tractor's strength take-off shaft. In practice, the speed of work per shift is 1000 m 2 or more.

The technology for strengthening/stabilizing soils using inorganic binding materials has been used in construction for more than 60 years, both in our country and in many foreign countries.

When using this technology, depending on the final result, soil stabilization and soil strengthening are divided.

When stabilizing soils, it is possible to improve the compaction conditions of local soils, including waterlogged and heaving ones. This method allows you to install frost-protective layers, as well as increase the bearing capacity of foundation soils.

When soils are strengthened, there is a significant increase in the physical and mechanical characteristics of local soils. The method is used to construct both frost-protective layers and load-bearing base layers.

Regulatory documents: GOST 30491-97. “Organomineral mixtures and soils strengthened with organic binders for road and airfield construction. Technical conditions". GOST 23558-94. “Mixtures of crushed stone-gravel-sand and soils treated with inorganic binding materials for road and airfield construction. Technical conditions".

Application area

In the absence of deposits of durable stone materials in the construction area, as well as sandy soils suitable for the construction of foundations, as domestic experience shows, existing local soils, improved or strengthened with various binding materials, can be effectively used.

Soil stabilization/strengthening technology using the in-situ mixing method can be used in the construction of structural base layers: top and bottom layers.

Description

The use of binding materials when stabilizing/strengthening local soils makes it possible to increase density, increase water resistance and frost resistance.

Modern equipment makes it possible to effectively improve/strengthen local soils directly on site to a great depth (up to 40 cm) in one working pass with great precision in the dosage of binding materials.

Existing single-pass mixing equipment makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous mixture even when working with soils of high humidity.

Binding materials and additives

The main and available mineral binding materials are cement and lime. Typically, the dosage ranges from 3 to 10% (? 6%) of the mass of the soil being strengthened.

When using lime or cement to stabilize or strengthen soils, it is almost always possible to ensure the required soil compaction coefficient based on laboratory selection of the dosage of binding materials.

Silty sandy loams and sandy-clayey soils of optimal composition are most suitable for strengthening with cement.

Work production technology

When carrying out work, the following technological operations are performed:

• Layout of the base surface
• Dosage of organic binders and distribution
• Mixing with a milling machine to a given depth, if necessary, dosing organic binders (bitumen emulsion) and chemical additives directly into the mixer.
• Layout and compaction of the base to specified levels.

A special set of mechanisms can have a capacity from 5,000 to 15,000 m3 per shift, depending on the depth of reinforcement and the ability to deliver the required amount of binding materials to the site.

Features of vertical site planning using soil stabilization/strengthening technology

When designing the vertical layout of territories, the general principle of planning earthworks is usually used, taking into account the so-called “zero balance of earth masses”. This principle allows us to reduce the costs associated with moving earth masses across the territory, and also eliminates the transportation of both missing and excess materials and the removal of soil.

The traditional excavation method has the following disadvantages:

• There is a need to remove unsuitable (waterlogged, heaving) soils
• When constructing open areas (internal roads, parking lots), there is a problem of designing road pavement structures to meet the requirements for frost resistance; in the Central region of the Russian Federation, in order to meet this requirement, the total thickness of structures requires the construction of structures with a total thickness of about 1.0 m. The final level of vertical planning of the foundations is not coincides with the level of “zero balance of earthworks”, this means that the construction of foundations requires the delivery of a significant volume of imported materials (sand, crushed stone, etc.). Accordingly, additional costs.
• Road construction. Treatment of soil intended for road construction with quicklime makes it possible to obtain a solid base with good load-bearing characteristics. Lime modifies fine-grained and moist clay soils and also stabilizes reactive soils through pozzolanic reactions.

When using soil stabilization/strengthening technology, it is possible to apply a more optimal solution when constructing objects for various purposes.

The use of soil stabilization/strengthening technology allows for up to 20% savings compared to the traditional method.

When installing concrete industrial floors, it is recommended to stabilize the base for two reasons.

Firstly, a high-quality solid foundation.

STABILIZERS

Modifiers or ion exchange stabilizers are divided into organic, chemical and synthetic, but the principle of action on the soil is the same for all, this is a molecular effect on soil particles - based on the replacement of ions in a hydrated shell on the surface of clay soil particles. In the normal state, soil particles are held by the forces of chemical and electrostatic interaction and binding electrostatic water. Electrostatic interaction forces constantly form a layer of negatively charged ions on the surface of soil particles, which determine its ability to wet. Principle: replacement of OH anions on the surface of soil particles, by dissociation with stabilizer molecules, as a result, the layer of stabilized soil acquires increased density and additional strength, which makes it possible to improve the bearing capacity of all dense and semi-dense soils.

The methodology for carrying out the work comes down to treating the existing (existing) foundation soil with a modifier or stabilizer at the intended site of construction (reconstruction, major repairs) of the road, i.e. without additional costs and expenses for soils and road foundation materials using classical technologies (sand, crushed stone).

Compared to untreated soil, the compaction of stabilized soil is 3-5 times higher! It becomes possible to obtain a road base with the desired load-bearing capacity using 75-100% of the soil available at the road construction site.

APPLICATION OF STABILIZERS

• The improvement in the properties of the soil and its NS remains constant for a long time and improves under the influence of vehicles moving on the surface. Thanks to the strength and increased stability of the treated soil, durability is possible, which also reduces further costs of maintaining the structure.
• Stabilizers can be used with all types of soil. It activates the binding force of any type of soil and immediately reduces the harmful effects of water for a long period of time.
• It modifies the soil for a long time and therefore can be used both on the construction site (on site) and in an area specially equipped for this. Once treated, the soil retains its effect for a long time.
• A higher HC of the treated soil is achieved due to the improved binding function of the soil, which also leads to a reduced risk of wear of the surface layer of the soil. When using soil treatment for construction purposes, other costs are also reduced by an average of 15-20%. And this is only savings during construction, not to mention cost savings due to durability.
• It is very easy to use, since the main role is played by the soil itself. In most cases, the same amounts of additives are used to achieve the desired result. This means ease of use of existing technical means, achievement of the desired result and safety for the environment, and effectiveness is studied in laboratory tests.

The system has undergone numerous tests and inspections. In most cases, even standard quantities show better soil density, low water penetration and reduced water damage. The established level of NS is 3–5 times higher in comparison with unimproved soil, taking into account the fact that the tested blocks were dried before control.

The soil treated with it has the following advantages:

• more elastic compared to a soil layer mixed with cement or lime;
• can be reused;
• reduces water penetration and maintains soil density;
• increases the strength of the material;
• reduces erosion and permeability;
• can be easily used in construction;
• can be used on existing material or mixed in advance at a special facility and stored until use.

Improvement layer depth

Basically, the stabilizer is mixed with the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm, and the standard recommended amount is 0.2 liters per 1 m. The actual depth, as well as the horizon where improvement begins, is determined by the qualities of the soil. However, it should be taken into account that the actual density of improved soil is much higher than that of unimproved soil, which can result in significant cost savings.

Where should compaction begin?

The rules that apply to normal excavation work apply here too, i.e. compaction should be carried out to the optimum moisture content level or be slightly higher (or, for example, in the event of an impending downpour, immediately after the structure). If compaction for some reason cannot be carried out immediately, so that the soil dries out too much, the missing moisture must be replenished with water from the tank and then the soil must be compacted.

Advantages of the system compared to concrete stabilization

Cement can be used to drain soil that is too wet and for compaction purposes. It is also suitable for stabilizing certain types of loose soil. However, when dealing with dense soil that may also contain organic contaminants, problems may arise when using cement. On the other hand, when too much cement is combined, the brittle layer of weak cement can heave, causing it to break into pieces, all of which is caused by dynamic vibrations of the transport (vibration). This can lead to very unpleasant situations in the surface layer of the soil as soon as cracks appear in the coating layer. With stabilizers, these shortcomings can be completely ignored. Additives change the soil for a long time and give it properties that it did not have and which it will not lose.

Where else are stabilizers used?

In all cases where soil is used as a material, it is recommended to use stabilizers, for example:

• production of high-quality bricks from soil;
• protection of slopes from soil erosion;
• protection of ponds and lakes from water seepage, etc.

Technologies for soil strengthening using binding enzymes, stabilizers, chemical additives