PVC cable duct installation technology: how to optimize work. What does the cable channel attach to? How to fix a plastic box on a plastered wall

It is almost impossible to fit openly hanging wires into the interior. About 40 years ago, there were two ways to conduct electricity in an apartment - wall up the wires in the walls or leave them in sight, securing them to insulators. Leaving it in plain sight is unsightly and dangerous. Walled up in walls - there will be difficulties with replacing wires and moving sockets to comfortable spot. Installation cable channels eliminates these inconveniences.

How to choose a cable channel

The cable channel is a rectangular, usually U-shaped profile, closed with a flat snap-on cover made of the same material. Sometimes they are called boxes. Installation of cable channels is carried out around the perimeter of the rooms under the ceiling at a distance of 15 cm with vertical outlets to sockets and switches. To lay wires through the walls, holes are drilled in the opposite channels and the wall..​

For laying power and low current wires They produce profiles with one or two partitions. The standard length of the box for walls and ceilings is 2 meters, the minimum profile section is 8x8 mm, the maximum is 100x60 mm. For laying in corners between the floor and walls, do not large quantity wires, usually low-current, there are skirting boards of a special design. If you need to connect the wire to a device far from the walls, there are floor options with a rounded surface.

Boxes vary in cost and operational characteristics depending on the material. Products are produced by:

• made of plastic. The most common option and the cheapest. For rooms with high humidity and on external walls buildings can use plastic IP 55 c high degree protection. Color palette plastic boxes allow you to choose the desired tone;
• aluminum with polyethylene coating. More expensive, but stronger and more durable than plastic ones. The number of cycles of opening and closing the lid is small due to the extension of the locks. The polyethylene coating is easily destroyed by mechanical stress. The color is given to the channels by a polyethylene coating and is quite varied;
• galvanized steel. Such structures are the most durable and expensive. Mainly used under high load conditions. For example, with floor wiring and external environment. The color of the products is varied.

The choice of type and size of boxes begins from determining the wiring throughout the house from the electrical panel and television cable entry points, computer network, telephone and security alarm to sockets, switches and lamps, drawing wire lines on the drawing of the apartment or house. Depending on the power of the connected equipment, the wires will be different thicknesses, this should be noted on the drawing.

The cost of the structure greatly depends on the cross-section of the main duct. However, if there are boxes installed along the ceiling in the room different sections, it will ruin the interior. Using the drawn diagram, we determine the cross-section of the main cable channel for each room and the total length of each standard size, taking into account the vertical supply to sockets and switches.

You should immediately calculate for each section of the box the number of internal and external corners along the wiring line, the number of end transitions of the plugs, the number of T-shaped transitions to the branches and their cross-section. Of course, you can do without them, but the gaps at the joints and the difference in cross-sections will be noticeable. Using sealant to seal cracks will lead to difficulties when necessary, for example, adding or replacing a wire in the main.

The wiring will take on an aesthetically finished look if sockets and switches are installed from the same manufacturer. They are ideal in both size and design.

Preparing for work

After determining and purchasing the required range of boxes and additional elements, installation locations should be marked. At the same time, trying to maintain the horizontal and vertical lines of the installation, we advise you to focus on an equal distance to the ceiling of the main boxes along the entire length, and for bends - the distance to the nearest room corner.

To work, you will need a stepladder, a hammer drill, a screwdriver, a hacksaw for cutting plastic, and a level. Depending on the materials of the wall and box, other tools may be required, for example, a hacksaw for metal.

You should not saw off the main channels in advance - there is a high probability of an error. During installation, determine Exact size you can simply attach them to the installation site.

Nuances of installation to a concrete wall

How to attach the cable duct to the wall depends on the material of the walls, since they have different strengths. The weight of the structure is determined mainly by the weight of the cable in the main box and ranges from 100 grams in the lightest case to several kilograms per linear meter. The distance between the screws should not exceed half a meter. If the base of the box does not have holes for fastening, it is better to drill them immediately before installing each section. Let's look at each type wall material and installation features.

There are several ways to attach a cable duct to a concrete wall. You can choose the most suitable one:

1. Professionals do this job using air gun and special nails. Most quick option, but dismantling will be difficult, and the tool is expensive.
2. We drill holes with a hammer drill in the pre-marked places where the cable channel is attached. We insert plastic dowels and secure the channel with self-tapping screws. The most common installation method for small volumes of work.
3. Adhesive connection. For use only on flat surfaces. Subsequent dismantling clearly renders the cable channels unusable. Procedure: apply a sinusoidal pattern to the base of the cable channel of the required length. special glue(liquid nails) and apply it for a second to the place marked on the wall. After 2 minutes, the cable channel must be pressed firmly for the glue hardening time indicated on the package.

Fastening the cable channel to a brick wall can be done in the same way as for concrete walls. It should be taken into account that dismantling the glued structures will lead to tearing off the plaster.

Installation of a cable channel on a wall made of wood or gypsum fiber board is almost the same. No drilling is required; the screws are screwed directly into the wall material.

It is worth noting that due to the fragility of gypsum fiber, the distance between the screws can be reduced. The adhesive method when applied to wood and gypsum fiber board has the same advantages and disadvantages as when applied to other materials.

If it is necessary to fasten the cable channels to a metal partition, you can use special metal screws 1.5-2.0 cm long with a drill at the end. If the surface is smooth, you can use the glue method.

Before purchasing and installing cable channels, determine the position and number of power and low-current outlets in each location. If you know where and what furniture and electrical appliances will be located, counting the sockets will not be difficult.

It is more convenient to lay the wires in the channels in one bundle, while simultaneously closing the box. You can pull the wires one by one, securing the already laid covers with a small piece every half meter.

For mounting on GVL sheets For a large number of wires, you can use special nylon plugs for screws that are inserted into the wall.

Electrical wiring is of two types - hidden and open. In the first case, the wires are placed inside the wall and hidden by the finishing coating - plaster, wallpaper, panels, etc. In the second, they are attached to the wall, which makes it possible to find a breakdown, replace the wire or make wiring at any time. But in order for exposed wiring to look neat, and for pets to not risk getting an electric shock if they want to taste the cable, it is necessary to create some kind of protection. For this purpose, there is a special fitting on sale called a cable channel, and in this article we will analyze in detail all the intricacies of its installation.

If the apartment has open wiring, then the wires are located on the surface of the walls, pass under the ceiling or near the floor. Of course, this does not mean that they should be nailed to wallpaper or tiles and left in that form. To hide the wires, you need to install a special protective box - cable channel.

This solution has a lot of advantages, starting with the fact that you will need less time to organize the wiring, ending with quick and simple repair faulty area. In addition, with open wiring, you can make an additional electrical point or draw another line at any time. Wires hidden in the cable channel look neat and do not pose a danger to children and pets.

However, open wiring also has its disadvantages. One of the most noticeable is the reduction free space. If there is a cable duct on the wall or near the floor, you will not be able to move the furniture close. Certainly, we're talking about only about a couple of centimeters, but for apartments with a modest square footage this can become a problem. Also open wiring will be fine not for every interior - the strict outlines of the protective box give the room a certain “office” feel, and look ridiculous on expensive wallpaper and among exquisite furniture.

The width of the cable channel should allow any wire to be hidden in it, but the best option would be products with flexible stranded cores. Flexible cables are much easier to lay in a longitudinal groove and bend at the corners.

The cable channel consists of side walls and a back connecting them. The open part is closed with a special lid with latches and a double lock. There are many types of wire ducts, differing in shape, size and material from which they are made. They can be U-shaped, round, triangular and even curved in shape. There may be partitions inside that form grooves for individual cables.

Most often, cable channels are made and sold in 2 m long sections. But in order to hide exposed wiring, it is not enough to just buy them - you need to purchase a whole set of related accessories - corner and rotary inserts, plugs, socket modules, etc.

Select cable channel

As we have already said, cable channels vary in shape, structure and material from which they are made. Thus, you can find steel, plastic and aluminum products on the market.

Let's look at each option in more detail:

Installation of cable channel

Installation depends on technical characteristics channel cable and its location. In this chapter we will talk about the installation of wall and floor models.

Preparatory work

Regardless of the model of the selected cable channel, work should begin with calculations. First of all, determine how much material you will need and what the range will be. To do this, create a plan of the apartment or individual rooms where the installation will take place.

Each wall must be displayed separately and in such a way that the route of the cable channel, all accessories that will be needed for installation and its footage can be clearly seen. Be sure to include the outlets and appliances that you will connect to them in your plan. The cable channel can be placed at any level – even in the center of the wall. There are no strict requirements here, so you can use it to your advantage by fitting it into the interior.

Before installation, you should make sure that the walls are even and prepare them properly, especially if you will be attaching the cable channel with glue. This is the fastest installation method, but it requires a perfectly flat surface. There are also restrictions on the size of the channel - only small models, containing no more than 3 wires.

If the wall has differences, is roughly plastered, or is completely devoid of a finishing coating (bare concrete or brickwork), you can secure the cable channel using dowels. This fastening method is quite labor-intensive, but it is the most reliable and is suitable even for heavy casings with “armfuls” of wires inside. For plasterboard walls It is recommended to use butterfly dowels, and they can be attached to wooden surfaces with screws or regular nails.

Once you have decided on the fasteners, you can begin marking the wall. To do this, use a simple pencil to place a point at the channel installation level (usually 30-40 cm from the floor). Apply a meter rule to this point and level it. You can also use an indicator cord or laser for this. Draw a line or beat it off with a cord, walking along all the walls where the wiring will be attached.

Installation of wall cable channel

If you chose self-tapping screws as fasteners, they should be installed at a certain interval, depending on the load on the cable channel. The load, in turn, is determined by the number of wires inside. For secure fixation on drywall or wooden surface It is better to screw in screws every 40-50 cm. When uneven walls It is recommended to reduce the step to mask flaws and gaps.

If you have to work with concrete wall or brickwork, it is better to install the cable channel using dowels. To do this, you will need a hammer drill with a nozzle with a diameter of 6 mm. Dowels are installed in increments of 40-50 cm, but if the weight of the cable channel is large, the distance is reduced.

Progress:

If the cable channel for wires needs to be installed on thin metal up to 2 mm or aluminum profile, it is better to choose bugs as fasteners - special screws for metal. The installation principle is exactly the same as in the case of dowels. The video below shows in detail how to attach the cable channel to the wall:

The simplest and in a fast way fastenings are liquid nails - a special super-strong construction adhesive. You can use them if none of the above installation methods are suitable. Often, the adhesive method is used to install cable ducts in the bathroom on tiles or metal surfaces. The disadvantage is that the adhesive mixture does not have good adhesion to these materials and is more used as a fixation enhancer.

Rules for attaching the cable channel to glue:

1. Make markings on the wall.
2. Apply a thin bead of glue to the back of the box.
3. Lean the box against the wall according to the markings.
4. When you lean back wall, move it away and wait a minute or two so that the liquid nails become more viscous on both surfaces.
5. When the glue “sets” a little, press the cable channel against the wall with great force, but do not break it.
6. Hold it in this position for 30 seconds, then install the next segment in a similar way.

Floor cable channel

This type of cable channels deserves special attention. Such products allow you to hide any wires completely unnoticed without the risk of spoiling the interior design. All thanks to the fact that the design of the cable channel is combined with the baseboard. After installing a new floor covering, instead of regular baseboards, you can choose those that have special grooves for wires. This way, you will solve two problems at once and will not overload the interior with unnecessary details.

Advantage of floor cable channel:

1. Sufficient flexibility plastic product allows you to work even with uneven walls.
2. You can choose a color to match any floor covering or wall decoration.
3. Possibility of repeated use with careful installation and dismantling.
4. It's easy to hide wires in it, and you don't even have to remove the baseboard - you can just bend the edge and squeeze the cable in there.
5. The weight of the cable channel does not matter since it rests on the floor.
6. Low cost compared to conventional wooden skirting boards and metal cable ducts.

Before installing such a plinth, it is also necessary to make markings on the floor and walls, taking into account the dimensions of the cable channel. To calculate how many meters of product you will need for one room, measure total area(multiply the width by the length) and subtract the width from it doorways. To the result obtained, add 9%, which will go to trimmings. Count the number of corners - they will require special connecting parts.

Contrary to popular belief, plastic skirting boards with cable channels they are attached not to the floor, but to the wall. Installation is carried out according to the same scenarios as for wall products - with dowels, screws or liquid nails (depending on the wall material).

Start installation internal cable The channel should be placed from a corner in the most visible part of the room, trying to use solid profiles.

Progress:

We described general principles, how to install a cable channel, and we hope that they will help you make neat open wiring in your apartment. When it comes to installing wire protection outdoors, use only galvanized fasteners to prevent them from rusting.

Masters with gray hairs remember how open wiring was done thirty years ago, they saw what changes took place in technology fifteen years ago and can compare with in modern ways styling open wiring. So that you have something to compare with and make decisions easier, we will make a brief overview of all existing and existing methods.

It’s called so beautifully now, but previously it was the only option for open wiring. It was used not only in the bathhouse, but also in residential premises. The wires were fixed on porcelain insulating rollers.

For such wiring electric wires should only be single-core, the cups are fixed at a distance of no more than ten centimeters, plus one at each turn. The wires had to be twisted, and this was a long and tedious task. Besides, white insulation within a short time it became dusty and dirty, people often settled in it permanent place residence of various spider bugs.

Today, open wiring using the described method is installed only by great lovers of antiquity, who do not know what appearance it will have in a few years.

More good option, electrical cables were hiding in plastic pipes, which looked much better on the walls. In addition, plastic pipes served additional protection from mechanical damage.

Disadvantages: complexity of installation and routine maintenance. Electricians still remember how difficult it was to pull cables through pipes, especially if there were bends.

Often the pipes had to be cut and, after pulling the cables, connected with couplings. Another significant drawback– great difficulties during production repair work. Due to its low cost, open wiring in plastic pipes is still quite often used today.

Open wiring in cable channel

According to most professional electricians, the most the best option open wiring. Essentially, it can only be called open based on the cable laying technology; in appearance, it bears little resemblance to the usual options; rather, it can be called semi-open.

Manufacturers produce a huge number of options both in the number of cables and in the method of fixation, overall dimensions and the availability of additional accessories. The advantages include ease of installation, durability, safe operation, versatility of use, and the presence of numerous special additional accessories. Additional items solve issues with internal and external corners, turns, connections of sockets, switches, mounting boxes etc.

It is this type of open wiring that we will focus on in the article. Before directly considering the issues of fastening cable channels, you should learn a little about their types and technical capabilities.

Prices for cable channel

cable channel

Types and features of channels

Cable channels are classified according to several important criteria.

Video - How to select and install a cable channel

The main parameters when choosing a cable channel are the cross-section and number of cables that are planned to be laid in the network. Of course, you need to pay attention to the appearance, try to choose an option that would harmonize as much as possible with the existing interior of the bathhouse premises.

Stages of installing wiring in a cable channel

Step 1. Draw a layout plan electrical networks, instruments and equipment.

Consider several options, consider the possibility of increasing the power and number of electrical fittings. Depending on the maximum total power of all consumers electrical energy, select the cable diameter. To make your choice easier, refer to table No. 1.

Experienced electricians do not keep all the values ​​in their heads, they only remember that 1 mm2 cross-section copper cable designed for 1.3 kW of power at a voltage of 220 V, and 1 mm2 of aluminum cable holds only 0.5 kW at the same voltage. The following is simple arithmetic. If a cross-section of 2.5 mm2 is indicated on the copper cable sheath, then it can be used to connect current consumers with a total power of 2.5 × 1.3 = 3.25 kV. Always round up and use this cable at 3.0 kW.

Practical advice. For a bath it is enough to buy an ordinary plastic box with dimensions of 40x25 mm, it easily accommodates a cable that can withstand power up to 10 kW. In the implementation there are boxes made under ceiling plinth or floor baseboard. An excellent solution, but it needs to be thought through before finishing the walls or floor. We recommend installing the central wiring above the floor and the terminals below. lighting, mounting boxes, sockets and switches should be made from below. But this is not for everybody, you can use other installation options electrical wiring.

You should have it drawn as general circuit diagram electrical wiring starting from the introductory switchboard, and a separate diagram for each bathhouse room.

Select fastening hardware depending on the wall material. You need self-tapping screws for wood, special hardware for drywall, and dowels for brick.

Each cable channel manufacturer produces a wide range of additional elements: internal and external corners, triangles, plugs, couplings, mounting boxes, sockets, switches, etc. Carefully calculate the nomenclature and total quantity; we recommend taking several pieces in stock. They cost pennies, and in the end it will cost much less than going to the store again to purchase the missing elements.

Step 2. Make the markings. For example, we will take a bathhouse, the walls of which are already completely lined and flooring. There is only one option for open wiring in cable channels - on top of the walls. It is better to do the wiring near the floor; in this case, it is much easier to drill holes and attach the cable channel. Working near the ceiling with your arms outstretched all the time is tiring and inconvenient. Moreover, you will have to hold a rather heavy drill and screwdriver in your hands.

Experienced electricians make markings on the walls only for mounting boxes, switches and sockets; cable channels are installed immediately without applying preliminary lines. Take a section of the channel, place it against the wall, set a level on top (or side) and adjust the spatial position. Next, hold the box with one hand, and with the other hand, drill holes in the bottom for the hardware. This is quite difficult; you not only need to have experience, but also be able to optimally organize the installation process. We will tell you how to make detailed markup for beginners, this will help avoid annoying mistakes.

Prices for hardware

set of hardware

How to mark cable channels

You need to have a hydraulic level, a rope with blue, a ruler and a pencil.

Don’t be afraid to use blue – the broken lines will be covered with a cable duct. Start making markings from the distribution panel, while at the same time taking into account not only the characteristics of the cables and the placement of sockets, mounting boxes, switches, etc., but also the layout and purpose of the premises.

The markings and calculations are completed, installation can begin.

Step 3. Fastening cable channels. Fastening methods depend on the material of the walls and the material finishing cladding. Let's consider each option in detail.

Prices per building level

construction level

Attaching cable ducts to plasterboards

Gypsum boards consist of two layers of paper with gypsum sandwiched between them. The material is relatively new and is very popular among professional construction companies - it is easy to work with, it is very technologically advanced, etc. But consumers cannot say so many good words about this material - the strength of plasterboard boards is below any criticism. Remove the paper from the drywall and it will crumble; any noticeable force on the drywall will not result in visible damage to the surface. Accordingly, attaching cable channels to such material is quite problematic. There is no point in using screws (even special ones). If you “overdo it” a little while screwing, the threads in the plaster will turn and the fastening strength will approach zero.

We recommend using only plastic cable ducts on such walls; the use of aluminum ones is highly undesirable. You need to fasten the plastic with liquid nails; in the most critical places you can additionally use special screws.

Practical advice. Due to the fact that plasterboards have a decorative finishing coat, it needs to be checked for adhesion with liquid nails. Not all types of paints and not all types of wallpaper are suitable for gluing. First, glue a small piece of plastic box in some secluded place and check the strength of the adhesive every other day. Everything is fine - you can use this technology.

Apply liquid nails to the box with reverse side thin layer, the application strip should be wavy to increase the adhesion area. There should be just enough glue so that when pressing the cable channels it does not protrude beyond their perimeter. To increase the reliability of fastening, you can additionally fix it with self-tapping screws.

Attaching cable ducts to brick walls

A complex and time-consuming option, it is necessary to use dowels. The advantage of dowels is high reliability, but in our case no noticeable physical activity channels are not expected, the advantage becomes unnecessary, and large labor costs remain. How to attach cable channels to dowels?

1. Place the cut channel blank in place of fixation, and use a metal drill to drill holes in the bottom at a distance of 15–20 centimeters. Drill the holes carefully; only the end of the drill should be drilled into the wall. In this way, marks for installing dowels on the channel and the wall are simultaneously made.

   

2. Remove the channel, change the drill to a pobedit one, switch the drill from drilling mode to perforation mode. Pobedit drill make holes for the dowels.

   

   

   Important. Drill carefully, select the correct drill diameter. It should be a few tenths of millimeters smaller than the diameter of the plastic element of the dowel. This element should fit into the hole with little effort.

3. Place the plastic cable channel in place, align the holes in it and the wall, insert the plastic elements of the dowels, hammer in the metal dowels.

   

If the wall is uneven, then choose places for drilling holes in convex areas, this way you will be able to avoid visible deformation of the cable channel. Making a mistake is not a problem. Most metal dowels have a thread; you can unscrew them a little, loosen the pressing force against the wall, and thereby correct the resulting deformation.

In all places where individual sections of cable ducts are cut or joined, additional connecting elements must be secured. This general rule for all methods of fixing cable channels.

Professional installers to fix cable ducts to brick or concrete surfaces use a pneumatic gun and special nails. But a pneumatic nail gun is expensive equipment; purchasing it for one bathhouse is impractical.

Prices for pneumatic nail gun

pneumatic nail gun

Attaching cable ducts to wooden walls

For baths - the most common option, fastening is done with self-tapping screws, the length of the screws is approximately 1.5÷2 centimeters. On a flat surface, you can first drill holes in the cable channel at a distance of up to twenty centimeters, and then use them for fixation. It's easier, but longer. If there is practice in carrying out construction work, then self-tapping screws can be screwed into the bottom of the channel cable and the wall at the same time.

Problems may arise when laying open wiring along clapboard walls. The lining boards have a profile; screws should be fastened carefully. If the self-tapping screw hits a convex section of the profile, great, you can tighten it completely. If you have to screw a self-tapping screw into the concave part of the profile, do not tighten the self-tapping screw all the way, make sure that it does not disrupt the linearity of the plastic channel.

We have already advised you to buy special additional elements for passing external and internal corners, connections at right angles, tees, etc. All joints can be filed at right angles; the cut may not be perfectly smooth. Overlay elements will be closed problem areas, the connection will be beautiful, the work will speed up significantly. You can cut a plastic cable channel with a hacksaw, special mounting scissors, or a cylindrical grinder (grinder) with a metal disc.

What to do if for some reason there are no additional elements, how to cut the channel so that the connection is not noticeable?

First use standard long channels, do not rush to cut them into pieces. You should always have all the pieces at hand, among them you can choose the length you need and not touch the whole one. To do this, it will be necessary to move the socket a few centimeters in one direction or another - no big deal.

If you need long time store the purchased cable channels, then place them on a flat plane, do not allow direct contact with them sun rays. Over time, all plastics, when exposed to sunlight, darken and lose their plasticity. Don’t believe manufacturers’ advertisements about “complete resistance” to UV rays thanks to modern technologies, various innovative additives do not completely protect plastic from such influences, but only slow down the process of physical aging.

Mounted cable channel

Electrical wiring is usually hidden in the walls, but re-drill them to hide the wires, for example, from a television antenna, router, air conditioner, etc. few people want it. In this case, it comes to the rescue simple design- a cable channel that allows you to reliably hide the wires and, if necessary, get them out.

What is a cable channel?

The usual type of cable channel is a white box of rectangular or square cross-section, but find a product of a different color or more round shape it won't be difficult either.

Cable channels can be made from:

• aluminum;
• become;
• plastic.

Due to the low price, ease of installation and operation, the most common last option. It can be mounted on a wall made of any material.

Often there is a compartment for one cable in floor skirting boards. But because It is not recommended to place more than one wire in a channel; for several wires you will have to buy a multi-channel one.

Installation

The cable channel can simply be glued to a wall made of any material. But if there are a lot of wires in the box, then the glue may not withstand the load. In addition, it will be difficult to dismantle such a channel. It will only come loose together with the wallpaper and pieces of plaster. When laying a cable channel of great length, glue can make it possible to make holes for dowels and screws somewhat less often, simplifying and speeding up installation, but you should not completely abandon the more reliable method of fastening with screws.

If you attach it to self-tapping screws or dowels - nails on the part of the channel cable that will be adjacent to the concrete wall, you need to make holes. If you don’t do this and immediately screw the screws into the plastic, it may crack. With a narrow channel, the holes can be placed on the same line, and with a wide channel, they can be placed in a zigzag pattern.

The cable duct is attached to brick, block and concrete walls using dowels. The box with holes pre-drilled in it is applied to the wall, and its marking is made through the holes. Next, the cable channel is put aside, holes are drilled with a drill or hammer drill, the base of the box is applied to the attachment point, dowels are inserted (usually 6-8 mm in diameter) and secured with screws.

How to attach a cable duct to drywall? For installation on walls made of wood or covered with plasterboard, there is no need to pre-drill holes in the wall. The cable channel is applied to the wall and the wood screws are screwed in manually. If you plan to have a lot of cables in the box, then for the reliability of the design it is better to use butterfly or screw-in dowels.

For simplicity of work and a neat appearance of the structure when going around corners and turns, it is better to use special elements - internal and external corners, connectors, plugs, rather than cutting the box to the required angle. Minor flaws during installation can be masked with a sealant of a suitable color.

An important rule to follow during installation: the box must fit snugly against the wall along its entire length. On smooth concrete walls, it is enough to fasten it with screws in increments of 40-50 cm, but when uneven surface they need to be placed more often.

How to attach a cable duct to a concrete wall and ceiling. Considerable interest in how to attach a cable duct to a wall and ceiling will be shown by the person who is completely dissatisfied with the appearance of the floor or wall, which is hung/covered with a huge number of twisted wires. In addition, from the point of view of the likelihood of a fire, such harnesses are quite dangerous.

Moreover, sometimes children and pets mistake them for a toy, which makes them tired of tripping and clinging to cords.

Naturally, a stationary wire, as a rule, is hidden in the wall during repairs, but if you later bought an air conditioner or bought your child a brand new stationary PC, it will be a pity to trench the surface updated after repair for the sake of one wire, and then the electrical box will help you out.

Features of the material

The usual type of cable channel is a white box with a square or rectangular cross-section, but you can always choose a product of a different color and shape to suit your taste. Due to its low price, ease of installation and use, it is widely used plastic version, which can be mounted on a wall made of all materials. Often in floor plinth There is a compartment for one, since it is not recommended to use more than one wire in the channel; to lay several wires, you will need to purchase a multifunctional box.

During the construction of a new house or overhaul electrical wiring is laid differently, namely mounted inside the walls, i.e. it turns out closed method. Such work includes cutting grooves. But what to do if the wall material is not suitable for hiding wires (for example, if we are talking about wooden bath), or there is no desire to carry out repairs in a cloud of dust, do you need to power the devices?

In this case, the electrical wiring should be installed in an open manner. Ideal option an electrical box will be used. But before attaching the cable channel to the wall, especially if you plan to do it yourself, it is advisable to thoroughly understand all the nuances.

Classification

Using a cable channel makes it possible to fix the cable on any base - brick, concrete, stone and foam block. However, the mounting methods will be different. Depending on the room in which the cable will be laid, i.e. schematic layout of the wiring line and the number of wires, we recommend using different types of boxes. Their detailed classification is in the table. The construction market makes it possible to choose a product for certain conditions of use. The most expensive option is aluminum cable channels, and the cheapest ones are plastic. The latter are worth taking, but only if they do not ignite, but only melt.

Preparation, surface marking

The open installation method places high aesthetic demands - everything must be parallel and even. In this case, the box must be secured along the marking line. This line is drawn using building level(or laser, water), tape measure, square, ruler, marker and marker (pencil).

This process should be divided into stages:

• First, draw up a diagram for laying electrical wiring in the most convenient and efficient way.
• Lines on the wall should be drawn using a level, and all branches should be strictly at right angles.
• The location of distribution boxes, as well as switches and sockets should be marked on them according to the plan.
• You can make adjustments as you work, if necessary.

You can make the corners and turns yourself. Finally, calculate the total length of the marking strips, as well as the number of installation points, corners and turns. This will make it possible to order the exact amount of working material. Angles and turns can be purchased ready-made, or you can make them yourself from a cable channel. Using the first option will result in increased costs, but at the same time, work on difficult areas will be accelerated, and the appearance of the track will be better than when using elements of your own making.

Making your own corners is easy, but it will require additional sealants to seal the seams. If you have a laser, you don't have to make markings. Boxes for installation can be cut in advance for large areas, or during operation. In the first case, you will need to run accurate measurements using a tape measure along the marking lines.

After this, the working material should be cut into the required lengths, and after that it can be installed. The accuracy of the measurement is very important here. The easiest way to do the work is according to the principle of “fitting - cutting - fixing”. Applying straight marking lines and using ready-made components makes it possible to create a cable channel that will look aesthetically pleasing in the room.

2 best ways

The main advantages are:

So, how do you attach a cable duct to a wall? There are two great ways.

1. A box with a single section, with a one-sided lid. An ideal option if you need to stretch the cable from the PC/TV to the entrance to the apartment, or hide the cord to the outlet.
2. Box with two sections with a double-sided lid. This great option, if two cables go in the same direction.

If you have more wires, you will have to install several cable channels on top of each other. But in this case, it is better to think about laying grooves if the connection is stationary, and the owner does not intend to move the devices to which the cables lead.

Sometimes people get confused about the shape of the electrical box. It may seem rude to some and does not fit into the interior. We would like to please you - the cable channel comes in many types, and you can find soft, rounded outlines. It will take a little longer to search for such a channel, but it is difficult to call it a scarce commodity. The method is quite simple to implement, but there is one drawback - if necessary, the cable channel can only be dismantled with pieces of finishing/plaster. In addition, if you are far from perfect walls, then there will be an uneven gap between the surface and the box, and this is not very attractive visually and it is better not to use such a design. But if you are sure that dismantling is not required and your walls are smooth, use these instructions.

• Cut the cable channel to size, attach it to the floor, wall or ceiling and check the alignment of the markings and the tightness of the joining of the parts.
• Apply adhesive or liquid nails in wavy lines on the wrong side of the piece. The wave width should be equal to 1.5 times the width of the cable channel.
• Next, press the element to the surface for a few seconds and immediately remove it. Wait until the remaining trace of glue on the wall becomes thicker.
• Then return the cable channel to its place and press it firmly, this time as firmly as possible, so that it adheres well to the wall.

Often, in order to enhance the reliability of fastening the channel cable to the wall and ceiling, you can use hammered nails or screwed in screws (it all depends on the wall material). Special case glue method= this is the installation of cable channels on the basis of which there is already an adhesive composition. But this option does not inspire confidence, and because of this it is also supplemented.

The second option is more expensive, but it is much more reliable and there is the possibility of safe dismantling. The cover should be removed from the cut cable channel, i.e. top part. After this, the base should be attached to the wall and a hole in the wall should be drilled directly through it. If the base is made of reinforced concrete, blocks or bricks, it is better to use. The hole spacing should be from 0.4 to 0.5 meters. If the walls have a large curvature, the distance can be reduced to install the box around the entire perimeter so that it fits well to the surface. We remove the base, and you can screw it into the holes. plastic parts dowels. The lower half can be put back and secured using the main part of the fastening.

Now all that remains is to route the wire and put the cover in place. That's it, the issue of fastening the cable channel can be considered resolved. Whichever method you like best, use it, but the advice is the following - when choosing an adhesive composition, at least occasionally use dowels.

What to attach it to?

Yes, as already mentioned, the installation method will depend on the wall material. A plastic cable channel will help mask small surface defects, but it is advisable that they be laid on a leveled base. There are several ways to attach. This method is ideal for plasterboard partitions and wooden walls. To do this, you should take special wood screws with a length of 4 cm. Do not use too much long screws. The fastening step is from 0.4 to 0.5 meters; if there are a lot of cables in the box, then the load on it will be greater, or if the walls are uneven, then in both cases the step should be made smaller. The screws should be screwed in using. There is no need to make holes in the cable channel or wall in advance.

Dowel-nails

Fix the cable channel on a brick or concrete wall using dowels. To do this, you will need a hammer drill with a drill, the thickness of which will be 0.6 cm. First, make holes in the box every 4-5 cm. This method is called the fastest. After this, the box can be attached to the concrete wall using a special gun. If you need to attach a cable duct to a concrete wall on metallic profile or metal with a thickness of up to 0.2 cm, we use “bugs” - metal screws. The method is the same as attaching the box to a tree using self-tapping screws.

Making the corners

In progress installation work For electrical wiring into a cable channel, it may be necessary to make corner joints in the corner of the room or between the horizontal and vertical part of the channel on the wall. In order to make a joint in the corner of the room, the end of the cable channel should be cut on the side that will be adjacent to the corner, at an angle of 45 degrees. Start installation from a corner.

To create a junction between the horizontal and vertical parts, the cable channel should be cut at an angle of 45 degrees, but in a different plane. You can do it differently - cut the lid to the full width of the box. Small defects can always be covered with sealant.

Installation of sockets

To make a cable channel for an outlet, you need to attach socket boxes to the wall near it. Connect the wires to the outlet after the wires are laid in the box. Next, place the socket cover on top.

Cable laying

To conveniently lay the cable in the electrical wiring box, you can use a temporary holder, for example, pieces of a cover. Before installing the cover, they should be removed, and then conveniently lay the cable and immediately snap part of the cover over it. Start with the corner, and install small sections of the cover in them, and then measure and install those sections that are longer on the straight part of the channel.

Skirting board and cable channel

Cable channel in the baseboard- this is an excellent combination that makes it possible to simultaneously run a cable channel and hide the seam between the floor and the wall. In order to find out what length of skirting board you need, you should accurately measure the entire perimeter of the room and add to this length 9% of the value that will be required for trimmings. You will also need fittings - internal and outer corners, connectors, end caps. The profile is released in standard length 250 cm.

The plinth can be in the middle with a cable channel or even consist of a profile that is attached to the wall and a plug, and in the second case the cable channel will be located between the plug and the profile.

Regardless of the type of structure, such a plinth can be installed in several ways:

• For liquid nails.
• Self-tapping screws.
• On the dowels.

You can attach the cable channel to drywall using glue or self-tapping screws, and for brick and concrete wall You will need to drill holes and hammer dowels into them. It is recommended to glue the cable channel only on a flat surface, since in places with defects it may begin to peel off. To mask wall defects, we recommend additionally securing the plinth in such places to prevent cracks from appearing.

To install a plinth on an outer corner, you need to press it against the wall and make a mark at a distance of 0.3 cm from the corner, and then saw off the profile and plug from this mark (for this it is most convenient to use a hacksaw for wood/metal and a miter box) and install it on the wall. After this, place a special corner on the corner, which can be with brackets or simply inserted.

It is better to start installing the baseboard from the corner of the room. Install a solid plinth in visible places, and if you need to neatly join two sections within a wall, use special plastic connectors and plugs at the ends. The plinth also makes it possible to distribute wires into groups, for example, wires that do not need frequent access (from the Internet, cable television), and they can be placed under the base of the plinth. Place the rest in the cable channel, which will be closed with a plug.

Threshold and cable channel

To attach the cable duct to the floor, you should install a threshold with a box in the space between floor covering two different rooms. Like the baseboard, it will have a base and a cover. Depending on the model, the base can be installed using self-tapping screws or there are self-adhesive bases.