TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR INSTALLATION OF A VENTILATED FACADE WITH COMPOSITE PANELS COVERED

TK-23

Moscow 2006

Routing prepared in accordance with the requirements of the “Guidelines for the development of technological maps in construction”, prepared by the Central Research and Design-Experimental Institute of Organization, Mechanization and Technical Assistance to Construction (TsNIIOMTP), and based on the designs of ventilated facades of NP Stroy LLC.

A technological map has been developed for the installation of a ventilated facade using the FS-300 structural system as an example. The technological map indicates the scope of its application, sets out the main provisions for the organization and technology of work when installing elements of a ventilated facade, provides requirements for the quality of work, safety precautions, labor protection and fire-fighting measures, determines the need for material and technical resources, calculates labor costs and Work schedule.

The technological map was developed by technical candidates. Sciences V.P. Volodin, Yu.L. Korytov.

1 GENERAL PART

Hinged ventilated facades are designed for insulation and cladding of external enclosing structures with aluminum composite panels during the construction of new, reconstruction and major renovation existing buildings and structures.

The main elements of the FS-300 facade system are:

Support frame;

Thermal insulation and wind-hydroprotection;

Cladding panels;

Framing the completion facade cladding.

A fragment and elements of the FS-300 facade system are shown in figures , - . An explanation for the drawings is given below:

1 - supporting bracket - main load-bearing element frame intended for fastening the load-bearing control bracket;

2 - support bracket - additional element frame intended for fastening the support adjusting bracket;

3 - load-bearing regulatory bracket - the main (together with the load-bearing bracket) load-bearing element of the frame, intended for the “fixed” installation of the vertical guide (load-bearing profile);

4 - support control bracket - an additional (together with the support bracket) frame element intended for movable installation of a vertical guide (supporting profile);

5 - vertical guide - a long profile designed for attaching the facing panel to the frame;

6 - sliding bracket - fastening element designed to fix the cladding panel;

7 - blind rivet - fastener, designed for attaching the supporting profile to the supporting control brackets;

8 - set screw - a fastening element designed to fix the position of the sliding brackets;

9 - locking screw - a fastening element designed for additional fixation of the upper sliding brackets of the panels to the vertical guide profiles in order to avoid shifting of the facing panels in the vertical plane;

Rice. 1.Fragment of the system facade FS-300

10 - locking bolt (complete with a nut and two washers) - a fastening element designed for installing the main and additional frame elements in the design position;

11 - thermal insulating gasket of the supporting bracket, intended for alignment work surface and eliminating “cold bridges”;

12 - thermal insulating gasket of the support bracket, designed to level the working surface and eliminate “cold bridges”;

13 - cladding panels- aluminum composite panels assembled with fastening elements. They are installed using sliding brackets (6) in the “spacer” and are additionally fixed from horizontal shift with blind rivets (14) to the vertical guides (5).

Typical sheet sizes for the manufacture of cladding panels are 1250×4000 mm, 1500×4050 mm (ALuComp) and 1250×3200 mm (ALUCOBOND). In accordance with customer requirements, it is possible to vary the length and width of the panel, as well as the color of the facing layer;

15 - thermal insulation made of mineral wool slabs for facade insulation;

16 - wind-hydroprotective material - a vapor-permeable membrane that protects thermal insulation from moisture and possible weathering of insulation fibers;

17 - disc dowel for attaching thermal insulation and membrane to the wall of a building or structure.

Façade cladding frames are structural elements intended for the design of a parapet, plinth, window, stained-glass and door connections, etc. These include: perforated profiles for free access of air from below (in the plinth) and from above, window and door frames, folded brackets, strips, corner plates, etc.

2 AREA OF APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

2.1 A standard technological map has been developed for the installation of the FS-300 system of suspended ventilated facades for cladding the walls of buildings and structures with aluminum composite panels.

2.2 The scope of work to be performed is taken to cover the facade of a public building with a height of 30 m and a width of 20 m.

2.3 The work covered by the technological map includes: installation and dismantling of facade lifts, installation of a ventilated facade system.

2.4 Work is performed in two shifts. There are 2 lines of installers working per shift, each on its own vertical grip, 2 people in each line. Two façade lifts are used.

2.5 When developing a standard technological map, it is accepted:

the walls of the building are reinforced concrete monolithic, flat;

the façade of the building has 35 window openings with dimensions of each - 1500×1500 mm;

panel size: P1-1000×900 mm; P2-1000×700 mm; P3-1000×750 mm; P4-500×750 mm; U1 (angular) - H-1000 mm, B - 350×350×200 mm;

thermal insulation - mineral wool slabs with a synthetic binder, 120 mm thick;

the air gap between the thermal insulation and the inner wall of the facade panel is 40 mm.

When developing a PPR, this standard technological map is tied to the specific conditions of the facility with clarification: specifications of elements load-bearing frame, cladding panels and framing of façade cladding; thermal insulation thickness; the size of the gap between the heat-insulating layer and the cladding; scope of work; labor cost calculations; volume of material and technical resources; work schedule.

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

PREPARATORY WORK

3.1 Before you start installation work for the installation of a ventilated façade of the FS-300 system, the following must be carried out: preparatory work:

Rice. 2. Construction site organization diagram

1 - construction site fencing; 2 - workshop; 3 - logistics warehouse; 4 - work zone; 5 - boundary of the zone dangerous for people when operating façade lifts; 6 - open storage area building structures and materials; 7 - lighting mast; 8 - facade lift

Inventory mobile buildings are installed at the construction site: an unheated material and technical warehouse for storing ventilated facade elements (composite sheets or ready-to-install panels, insulation, vapor-permeable film, structural elements of the load-bearing frame) and a workshop for the production of cladding panels and framing the completion of the façade cladding in construction conditions;

Inspect and evaluate technical condition façade lifts, mechanization equipment, tools, their completeness and readiness for work;

In accordance with the work project, façade lifts are installed on the building and put into operation in accordance with the Operation Manual (3851B.00.00.000 RE);

The location of beacon anchoring points for installation of load-bearing and support brackets is marked on the wall of the building.

3.2 The facing composite material is delivered to the construction site, as a rule, in the form of sheets cut to the design dimensions. In this case, cladding panels with fastenings are formed in a workshop at the construction site using hand tools, blind rivets and cassette assembly elements.

3.3 It is necessary to store sheets of composite material at the construction site on beams up to 10 cm thick laid on level ground, in increments of 0.5 m. If the installation of a ventilated facade is planned for more than 1 month, the sheets should be arranged with slats. The height of the stack of sheets should not exceed 1 m.

Lifting operations with packaged sheets of composite material should be carried out using textile tape slings (TU 3150-010-16979227) or other slings that prevent injury to the sheets.

It is not allowed to store the facing composite material together with aggressive chemicals.

3.4 If cladding composite material arrives at the construction site in the form of finished cladding panels with fastening, they are stacked in pairs, with their front surfaces facing each other so that adjacent pairs touch with their rear sides. The packs are placed on wooden supports, with a slight slope from the vertical. The panels are laid in two rows in height.

3.5 Marking of installation points for load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall is carried out in accordance with the technical documentation for the project for the installation of a ventilated facade.

On initial stage determine the beacon lines for marking the facade - the lower horizontal line of the mounting points for the brackets and the two outermost vertical lines along the facade of the building.

The extreme points of the horizontal line are determined using a level and marked with indelible paint. At the two extreme points, using a laser level and tape measure, determine and mark with paint all intermediate points for installing the brackets.

Using plumb lines lowered from the parapet of the building, vertical lines are determined at the extreme points of the horizontal line.

Using façade lifts, mark the installation points of load-bearing and support brackets on the outermost vertical lines with indelible paint.

MAIN WORK

3.6 When organizing installation work, the area of ​​the building’s façade is divided into vertical sections, within which work is carried out by different sections of installers from the first or second façade lifts (Fig. ). The width of the vertical grip is equal to the length of the working deck of the facade lift cradle (4 m), and the length of the vertical grip is equal to the working height of the building. The first and second links of installers working on the 1st facade lift, alternating in shifts, carry out sequential installation work on the 1st, 3rd and 5th vertical grips. The third and fourth sections of installers working on the 2nd façade lift, alternating in shifts, carry out sequential installation work on the 2nd and 4th vertical grips. The direction of work is from the basement of the building up to the parapet.

3.7 For the installation of a ventilated facade, one team of workers from two installers determined a replaceable grip equal to 4 m 2 of the facade.

3.8 Installation of the ventilated facade begins from the base of the building on the 1st and 2nd vertical sections simultaneously. Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out as follows: technological sequence:

Rice. 3. Scheme of dividing the facade into vertical sections

Legend:

Direction of work

Vertical grips for the 1st and 2nd sections of installers working on the first facade lift

Vertical grips for the 3rd and 4th sections of installers working on the second facade lift

Part of the building on which the installation of a ventilated façade has been completed

Cladding panels:

P1 - 1000×900 mm;

P2 - 1000×700 mm;

P3 - 1000×750 mm;

P4 - 500×750 mm;

U1 (angular): H=1000 mm, H = 350×350×200 mm

Marking installation points for load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall;

Attaching sliding brackets to guide profiles;

Installation of cladding elements of a ventilated facade to the outer corner of the building.

3.9 Installation of the frame of the façade cladding of the plinth is carried out without the use of a façade lift from the ground surface (with a plinth height of up to 1 m). The parapet flashing is installed from the roof of the building at the final stage of each vertical section.

3.10 The installation points of the load-bearing and support brackets on the vertical grip are marked using beacon points marked on the outermost horizontal and vertical lines (see), using a tape measure, a level and a dye cord.

When marking anchor points for installing load-bearing and support brackets for subsequent vertical gripping, the beacons are the attachment points of the load-bearing and support brackets of the previous vertical grip.

3.11 To attach load-bearing and support brackets to the wall, holes are drilled at marked points with a diameter and depth corresponding to anchor dowels that have passed strength tests for this type of wall fencing.

If a hole is drilled by mistake in the wrong place and a new one needs to be drilled, then the latter must be at least one depth away from the wrong one drilled hole. If this condition cannot be met, you can use the method of fastening the brackets shown in Fig. 4.

Cleaning the holes from drilling waste (dust) is done with compressed air.

Rice. 4. Mounting point for load-bearing (support) brackets if it is impossible to attach them to the wall at the design drilling points

The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole and tapped with a mounting hammer.

Thermal insulation pads are placed under the brackets to level the working surface and eliminate “cold bridges”.

The brackets are attached to the wall with screws using an electric drill with an adjustable rotation speed and appropriate screwing attachments.

3.12 Thermal insulation and wind-hydroprotection device consists of the following operations:

Hanging on the wall through the slots for the brackets of the insulation boards;

Hanging wind-hydroprotective membrane panels with an overlap of 100 mm on heat-insulating slabs and temporarily securing them;

Drilling holes in the wall for disc dowels through the insulation and wind-hydroprotective membrane in full according to the project and installing the dowels.

The distance from the dowels to the edges of the heat-insulating board must be at least 50 mm.

Installation of heat-insulating boards begins with the bottom row, which are installed on a starting perforated profile or base and mounted from bottom to top.

The slabs are hung in a checkerboard pattern horizontally next to each other so that there are no through gaps between the slabs. The permissible size of an unfilled seam is 2 mm.

Additional thermal insulation boards must be securely fastened to the wall surface.

To install additional thermal insulation boards, they must be trimmed using hand tools. Breaking insulation boards is prohibited.

During installation, transportation and storage, thermal insulation boards must be protected from moisture, contamination and mechanical damage.

Before starting the installation of heat-insulating boards, the replacement grip on which work will be carried out must be protected from atmospheric moisture.

3.13 The adjusting load-bearing and support brackets are attached to the load-bearing and support brackets, respectively. The position of these brackets is adjusted in such a way as to ensure alignment with the vertical level of deviation of wall irregularities. The brackets are secured using bolts with special stainless steel washers.

3.14 Attaching vertical guide profiles to the adjusting brackets is carried out in the following sequence. The profiles are installed in the grooves of the regulating load-bearing and support brackets. Then the profiles are fixed with rivets to the supporting brackets. The profile is installed freely in the support control brackets, which ensures its free vertical movement to compensate for temperature deformations.

In places where two successive profiles join vertically, to compensate for temperature deformations, it is recommended to maintain a gap in the range from 8 to 10 mm.

3.15 When arranging an abutment to the base, the perforated cover plate is fastened using an angle to the vertical guide profiles using blind rivets (Fig. ).

3.16 Installation of facing panels begins from the bottom row and proceeds from bottom to top (Fig. ).

Sliding brackets (9) are installed on the vertical guide profiles (4). The upper sliding bracket is installed in the design position (fixed using setscrew 10), and the lower one in the intermediate position (9). The panel is placed on the upper sliding brackets and, by moving the lower sliding brackets, is installed “in the spacer”. The upper sliding brackets of the panel are additionally secured with self-tapping screws against vertical shift. Against horizontal shear, the panels are also additionally secured to the supporting profile with rivets (11).

3.17 When installing facing panels at the junction of vertical guides (bearing profiles) (Fig.), two conditions must be met: the upper facing panel must close the gap between the supporting profiles; The design gap between the lower and upper facing panels must be accurately maintained. To fulfill the second condition, it is recommended to use a template made of a square wooden block. The length of the bar is equal to the width of the facing panel, and the edges are equal to the design value of the gap between the lower and upper facing panels.

Rice. 5. Connection to the base

Rice. 6. Installation of the facing panel

Rice. 7. Installation of facing panels at the junction of supporting profiles

Rice. 8. Mounting point for cladding panels on the outer corner of the building

3.18 The connection of the ventilated facade to the outer corner of the building is carried out using a corner cladding panel (Fig. 8).

Corner cladding panels are manufactured by the manufacturer or on site to the dimensions specified in the façade design.

The corner cladding panel is attached to the supporting frame using the above methods, and to the side wall of the building using the corners shown in Fig. 8. A prerequisite is the installation of anchor dowels to secure the corner cladding panel at a distance of no closer than 100 mm from the corner of the building.

3.19 Within the removable area, installation of a ventilated facade that does not have abutments and window frames, are carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking anchoring points for installing load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall;

Drilling holes for installing anchor dowels;

Fastening load-bearing and support brackets to the wall using anchor dowels;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the supporting and support brackets of the adjusting brackets using locking bolts;

Attachment to adjusting brackets of guide profiles;

Installation work is carried out in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraphs. - and pp. and this technological map.

3.20 Within the removable area, installation of a ventilated facade with a window frame is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking anchoring points for installing load-bearing and support brackets, as well as anchoring points for attaching window frame elements to the building wall;

Fastening the window frame substructure elements to the wall ();

Attaching load-bearing and support brackets to the wall;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Attachment to load-bearing and support brackets of control brackets;

Attachment to adjusting brackets of guide profiles;

Fastening window frames to guide profiles with additional fastening to frame profile(rice. , , );

Installation of facing panels.

3.21 Within the removable area, installation of a ventilated facade adjacent to the parapet is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking anchoring points for installing load-bearing and support brackets to the building wall, as well as anchoring points for attaching the parapet ebb to the parapet;

Drilling holes for installing anchor dowels;

Fastening load-bearing and support brackets to the wall using anchor dowels;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the supporting and support brackets of the adjusting brackets using locking bolts;

Attachment to adjusting brackets of guide profiles;

Installation of facing panels;

Attaching the parapet ebb to the parapet and to the guide profiles ().

3.22 During breaks in work on a replaceable grip, the insulated part of the facade that is not protected from atmospheric precipitation is covered with a protective polyethylene film or in another way to prevent the insulation from getting wet.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

4.1 The quality of the ventilated façade is ensured by ongoing monitoring technological processes preparatory and installation work, as well as during acceptance of work. According to the results current control technological processes, inspection reports are drawn up hidden work.

4.2 In the process of preparing installation work, check:

Readiness of the working surface of the building facade, structural elements of the facade, mechanization equipment and tools for installation work;

Material: galvanized steel (sheet 5 > 0.55 mm) according to GOST 14918-80

Rice. 9. General form window frame

Rice. 10. Connection to the window opening (bottom)

Horizontal section

Rice. 11. Adjacent to the window opening (from the side)

*Depending on the density of the building envelope material.

Rice. 12. Connection to the window opening (top)

Vertical section

Rice. 13. Junction to the parapet

The quality of the supporting frame elements (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of brackets, profiles and other elements);

Quality of insulation (slab sizes, absence of tears, dents and other defects);

Quality of facing panels (size, absence of scratches, dents, bends, breaks and other defects).

4.3 During installation work, the following is checked for compliance with the design:

Accuracy of façade markings;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for dowels;

Accuracy and strength of fastening of load-bearing and support brackets;

Correctness and strength of fastening of insulation boards to the wall;

The position of the adjusting brackets that compensate for wall unevenness;

Accuracy of installation of supporting profiles and, in particular, gaps at the places where they are joined;

Flatness of façade panels and air gaps between them and the insulation boards;

The correctness of the framing of the completion of the ventilated facade.

4.4 When accepting work, the ventilated façade as a whole is inspected and especially carefully the frames of the corners, windows, plinth and parapet of the building. Defects discovered during inspection are eliminated before the facility is put into operation.

4.5 Acceptance of the assembled facade is documented in an act with an assessment of the quality of work. Quality is assessed by the degree of compliance of the parameters and characteristics of the assembled facade with those specified in the technical documentation for the project. Attached to this act are certificates of inspection of hidden work (according to).

4.6 Controlled parameters, methods of their measurement and evaluation are given in table. 1.

Table 1

Controlled parameters

	Technological processes and operations	Parameters, characteristics	Tolerance of parameter values	Control method and tool	Control time
	Facade markings	Marking accuracy	0.3 mm at 1 m	Laser level and level	In the process of marking
	Drilling holes for dowels	Depth h, diameter D	Depth h longer than the dowel length by 10 mm; D+ 0.2 mm	Depth gauge, bore gauge	During drilling
	Attaching the brackets	Precision, durability	According to the project	Level, level	During fastening
	Attaching insulation to the wall	Strength, correctness, humidity no more than 10%		Moisture meter	During and after fastening
	Attaching the Adjustment Brackets	Compensation for wall unevenness		Visually
	Fastening guide profiles	Gaps at joints	According to the project (at least 10 mm)		In progress
	Fastening cladding panels	Deviation of the façade surface plane from the vertical	1/500 of the height of the ventilated facade, but not more than 100 mm	Measuring, every 30 m along the width of the facade, but at least three measurements per volume received	During and after installation of the facade

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

5.1 The need for basic materials and products is given in Table 2.

table 2

	Name	Unit	Requirement for 600 m2 of façade (including total window area 78.75 m2)
	Installation of the supporting frame:
	load-bearing bracket
	support bracket
	load-bearing control bracket
	support adjustment bracket
	vertical guide
	sliding bracket
	blind rivet 5×12 mm (stainless steel)
	set screw
	M8 locking bolt complete with washer and nut
	locking screw
	window connection bracket
	Thermal insulation and wind protection:
	insulation
	disc dowel
	windproof film
	Installation of facing panels
	facing panel:
	P1 - 1000×900 mm
	P2 - 1000×700 mm
	P3 - 1000×750 mm
	P4 - 500×750 mm
	U1 - external corner, H - 1000 mm, IN- 350×350×200 mm
	perforated profile (base unit)
	framing adjoining the window opening:
	lower (L - 1500 mm)
	lateral (L = 1500 mm)
	top (L = 1500 mm) pcs.
	top facing panel (parapet assembly)

5.2 The need for mechanisms, equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures is given in Table 3.

Table 3

	Name	Type, brand, GOST, drawing No., manufacturer	Technical characteristics	Purpose	Quantity per link
	Facade lift (cradle)	PF3851B, Tver Experimental Mechanical Plant CJSC	Working deck length 4 m, load capacity 300 kg, lifting height up to 150 m	Carrying out installation work at height
	Plumb line, cord		Length 20 m, weight 0.35 kg	Measuring linear dimensions
	Lever head screwdriver nickname	Screwdriver Profi INFOTEKS LLC	Reversible lever
	Manual impact wrench		The tightening torque is determined by race couple	Screwing in/unscrewing nuts, screws, bolts
	Electric drill with screw attachments	Interskol DU-800-ER	Power consumption 800 W, maximum drilling diameter in concrete 20 mm, weight 2.5 kg	Drilling holes and screwing bolts
	Hand riveting tools	Riveting pliers "ENKOR"		Installation of rivets
	Battery rivet gun	Cordless riveter ERT 130 “RIVETEC”	Riveting force 8200 N, working stroke 20 mm, weight with battery 2.2 kg	Installation of blind rivets
	Scissors for cutting metal (right, left)	Hand electric scissors VERN-0.52-2.5; metal scissors "Master"	Power 520 W, cutting thickness of aluminum sheet up to 2.5 mm; right, left, size 240 mm	Cutting cladding panels
				Driving dowels
	Protective gloves for laying thermal insulation		Split	Work safety
	Inventory fencing for work areas	GOST 2340-78			Actual location
	Safety belt
	Construction helmet	GOST 124.087-84	Weight 0.2 kg		8.6 Workplaces, if necessary, must have temporary fencing in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.059-89 “SSBT. Construction. Inventory protective fences. General technical conditions". 8.7 Construction site, work areas, workplaces, passages and approaches to them in dark time days must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85 “SSBT. Construction. Lighting standards for construction sites." Illumination should be uniform, without the glare of lighting devices on workers. 8.8 When installing a ventilated facade using a facade lift, the following requirements must be met: The area around the projection of the lift onto the ground must be fenced. The presence of unauthorized persons in this area during operation, installation and dismantling of the lift is prohibited; When installing consoles, it is necessary to attach a poster with the inscription “Attention! Consoles are being installed"; Before attaching the ropes to the consoles, it is necessary to check the reliability of the ropes on the thimble; The attachment of ropes to the consoles must be checked after each movement of the console; The ballast, consisting of counterweights, must be securely fastened after installation on the console. Spontaneous discharge of ballast must be excluded; When carrying out work on the lift, posters “Do not remove ballast” and “Danger to the lives of workers” must be attached to the consoles; The lifting and safety ropes must be reliably tensioned using weights. When the lift is operating, the weights must not touch the ground; Additional weights and ballast elements (counterweights) must indicate their actual mass. The use of untared weights and counterweights is prohibited; Work on the lift should only be carried out with helmets; Entry into and exit from the lift cradle must be done only from the ground; When working in the cradle of a lift, the worker must always use a safety belt secured to the handrails of the cradle. 8.9 When operating the lift, it is prohibited: Carry out work on the lift at wind speeds above 8.3 m/s, during snowfall, rain or fog, as well as at night (in the absence of the necessary lighting); Use a faulty lift; Overload the lift; There are more than two people on the lift; Carry out welding work from the lift cradle; Work without winch and catcher covers. 8.10 Project development questions related to ensuring the safety of the work discussed in this card are not required. 

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (TTK)

THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDING FACADE WITH MINERAL COLLECTION PLATES "ROCKWOOL FACADE BUTTS D"

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

1.1. A standard technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods scientific organization labor to perform the technological process and the determining composition of production operations using the most modern means of mechanization and methods of performing work using a specific technology. The TTK is intended for use in the development of the Work Performance Project (WPP) by construction departments and is its integral part in accordance with MDS 12-81.2007.

Fig.1. Wall insulation scheme

1 - insulated brick wall; 2 - insulation plate; 3 - disc-type dowel; 4 - base plaster layer; 5 - fiberglass reinforcing mesh; 6 - primer layer; 7 - finishing plaster; 8 - base rail with special dowels

1.2. This TTK provides instructions on the organization and technology of work on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MEP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D", defines the composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures for industrial safety and labor protection.

1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of technological maps is:

- standard drawings;

- building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, SP);

- factory instructions and technical conditions (TU);

- standards and prices for construction and installation work (GESN-2001 ENiR);

- production standards for material consumption (NPRM);

- local progressive norms and prices, norms of labor costs, norms of consumption of material and technical resources.

1.4. The purpose of creating the TC is to describe solutions for the organization and technology of work on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D", time in order to ensure their high quality, as well as:

- reducing the cost of work;

- reduction of construction duration;

- ensuring the safety of work performed;

- organizing rhythmic work;

- rational use labor resources and cars;

- unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Work Project), Working Technological Maps (RTC) are developed for the implementation individual species works on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D".

The design features of their implementation are decided in each specific case by the Working Design. The composition and degree of detail of materials developed in the RTK are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and volume of work performed.

The RTK is reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting construction organization.

1.6. The TTK can be tied to a specific facility and construction conditions. This process consists of clarifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, and the need for labor and material and technical resources.

The procedure for linking the TTC to local conditions:

- reviewing map materials and selecting the desired option;

- checking the compliance of the initial data (amount of work, time standards, brands and types of mechanisms, building materials used, composition of the worker group) with the accepted option;

- adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the chosen option for the production of work and a specific design solution;

- recalculation of calculations, technical and economic indicators, requirements for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;

- design of the graphic part with specific reference to mechanisms, equipment and devices in accordance with their actual dimensions.

1.7. A standard flow chart has been developed for engineering and technical workers (work foreman, foremen, foremen) and workers performing work in the third temperature zone, in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for performing thermal insulation work on the façade of the MEP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" building ", using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and materials, and methods of performing work.

The technological map has been developed for the following scope of work:

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map has been developed for a set of works on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D".

2.2. Work on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" is carried out in one shift, the duration of working hours during the shift is:

Where is the duration of a work shift without a lunch break;

Production reduction factor;

- conversion factor.

In calculating the standards for time and duration of work, a single-shift operating mode with a work shift duration of 10 hours with a five-day work week was adopted. Clean work time during the shift, it is accepted taking into account the coefficient of reduction in output due to an increase in the duration of the shift compared to an 8-hour work shift equal to 0,05 and recycling rate 1,25 total time for a 5-day working week (" Guidelines on organizing shift work in construction, M-2007").

where - preparatory and final time, 0.24 hours, incl.

Breaks related to the organization and technology of the process include the following breaks:

Receiving a task at the beginning of the shift and handing over the work at the end 10 min=0.16 hour.

Preparation of the workplace, tools, etc. 5 min=0.08 hour.

2.3. The scope of work performed for thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" includes:

- geodetic marking of the building facade;

- preparation of the construction foundation;

- priming the base of the facade with an adhesive primer;

- installation of basement drip;

- installation of window block ebb;

- installation of external side frames of the window block;

- installation of a base profile for installation of insulation;

- gluing heat-insulating boards to the base of the facade;

- mechanical fastening of heat-insulating boards to the facade;

- installation of reinforcing elements and profiles;

- creation of a protective reinforced plaster layer;

- measures for anti-vandal protection;

- priming of the protective reinforced layer;

- applying a protective and decorative layer of facade plaster;

- priming the decorative layer;

- painting walls and façade slopes with acrylic paint.

2.4. For thermal insulation of the building facade, the main materials used are: cement-lime mortar C22 (SCS) according to GOST 7473-2010; deep-penetrating primer "Weber.Prim Contact"; adhesive composition "Weber.therm S 100"; reinforced fiberglass mesh, alkali-resistant (cell 5x5, 160 g/m); mineral wool slabs ROCKWOOL Facade Butts D (size 1200x500x150 mm); acrylic tinting primer Weber.Pas UNI; silicate-silicone Weber.Pas Extra Clean plaster; acrylic facade paint Weber.Ton Аkrylat; acrylic frost-resistant sealant MAKROFLEX FA131; slopes metal panels; aluminum plinth profile AL-150 (150x0.8x2500 mm); polyurethane foam MAKROFLEX; disc-shaped polymer anchor with drive-in element (8/60x165 mm); PVC corner (20x20 mm) with fiberglass mesh (100x150 mm); PVC corner with dropper MAT D/05; PVC corner adjacent window, self-adhesive with reinforcing fiberglass mesh.

2.5. The technological map provides for the work to be carried out by a complex mechanized unit consisting of: rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM" (weight 2.8 kg, power 500 W, drilling 20 mm); drill-driver Metabo Se 2800 (power 400 W); forced action mortar mixer SO-46B (power 1.5 kW, loading volume 80 l); electric hand mixer ZMR-1350E-2 (weight 6.3 kg, power 1.35 kW); membrane spray gun electric Wagner DP-6830 (weight 30 kg, power 1.5 kW); vacuum cleaner Karcher NT 14/1 And diesel power station Atlas Copco QAS 125 (maximum power 111 kW) as a driving mechanism.

Fig.2. Diesel power station Atlas Copco QAS 125

Fig.3. Spray gun Wagner DP-6830

Fig.4. Mortar mixer SO-46B

Fig.5. Rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM"

Fig.6. Drill/driver Metabo Se 2800

Fig.7. Hand mixer ZMR-1350E-2

Fig.8. Vacuum cleaner Karcher NT 14/1

2.6. Work on installing an insulated facade should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

- SP 48.13330.2011. "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated edition" ;

- SNiP 3.01.03-84. Geodetic work in construction;

- Manual for SNiP 3.01.03-84. Production geodetic works in construction;

- SNiP 3.03.01-87. Load-bearing and enclosing structures;

- SNiP 3.04.01-87. Insulating and finishing coatings;

- SNiP 3.04.03-85. Protection of building structures from corrosion;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.14-2011. Organization of construction production. General provisions;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.51-2011. Organization of construction production. Preparation and execution of construction and installation works;

- STO NOSTROY 2.14.7-2011. Facade thermal insulation composite systems with external plaster layers. Work rules. Requirements for results and control system for completed work;

- SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

- SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

- PB 10-14-92*. Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes;
________________
* PB 10-14-92 do not apply. Instead, Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety dated November 12, 2013 N 533 apply hereinafter. - Database manufacturer's note.

- VSN 274-88. Safety rules for the operation of jib self-propelled cranes;

- RD 11-02-2006. Requirements for the composition and order of operation executive documentation during construction, reconstruction, major repairs of objects capital construction and requirements for inspection reports of works, structures, sections of engineering and technical support networks;

- RD 11-05-2007. The procedure for maintaining a general and (or) special log of work performed during construction, reconstruction, and major repairs of capital construction projects.

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

3.1. In accordance with SP 48.13330.2001 "SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction. Updated edition" before the start of construction and installation work at the site, the Contractor is obliged to obtain from the Customer in the prescribed manner design documentation and permission to carry out construction and installation work. Carrying out work without permission is prohibited.

3.2. Before the start of work on installing thermal insulation of the building facade, it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational and technical measures, including:

- develop an RTK or PPR for the installation of thermal insulation of the building facade;

- appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work, as well as their control and quality of execution;

- conduct safety training for team members;

- install temporary inventory household premises for storing building materials, tools, equipment, heating workers, eating, drying and storing work clothes, bathrooms, etc.;

- provide the site with working documentation approved for work;

- prepare machines, mechanisms and equipment for work and deliver them to the site;

- provide workers manual machines, tools and personal protective equipment;

- provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and alarm systems;

- prepare places for storing building materials, products and structures;

- fence the construction site and put up warning signs illuminated at night;

- provide communication for operational dispatch control of work;

- deliver to the work area necessary materials, devices, equipment, tools and means for safe work;

- check quality certificates, passports for reinforcing steel, lumber, plywood;

- try it out construction machines, means of mechanization of work and equipment according to the nomenclature provided for by the RTK or PPR;

- draw up an act of readiness of the facility for work;

- obtain permission from the Customer’s technical supervision to begin work (clause 4.1.3.2 RD 08-296-99*).
________________
* RD 08-296-99 is not valid. - Database manufacturer's note.


3.4. Before the start of work on installing insulation for the facade of the building, the preparatory work provided for by the Transport Transport Code must be completed, including:

- the façade was accepted from the customer for finishing;

- roofing, eaves overhangs and canopies over the entrances have been installed;

- installation of window and door units has been completed;

- work on the installation of all floor structures, balconies and loggias has been completed;

- scaffolding was installed, tested for strength and accepted by the commission; a façade lift was installed;

- there is a blind area around the building;

- all fastenings are installed drainpipes and fire escapes;

- passages for pedestrians are fenced.

3.4.1. To install insulation, the facade of the building is transferred by the General Contracting Organization/Customer to the Subcontracting Construction Organization, according to the Acceptance and Transfer Certificate of the facade for finishing, in accordance with Appendix A, STO NOSTROY 2.14.7-2011.

3.4.2. Installation technology roofing, window and door blocks, interior finishing work are considered in separate technological maps.

3.4.3. Geodetic marking of the building facade (vertical and horizontal axes under the structure) is carried out by a team of surveyors in the following sequence:

- checking the geometric parameters of buildings for compliance with their design values;

- drawing up a three-dimensional digital model of facades in the 3D AutoCAD environment;

- marking the horizontal and vertical axes of fastening facade cladding structures;

- drawing up an as-built drawing on the vertical planes of the building;

- applying markings to the drawing of the building facade.

3.4.4. The completed work must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Act on the layout of the axes of the capital construction project on the ground in accordance with Appendix 2, RD 11-02-2006 and obtain permission to carry out work on installing insulation for the facade walls.

3.4.5. The act of laying out the axes must be accompanied by an as-built diagram for setting out (laying out) the horizontal and vertical axes of fastening the façade cladding structures in the accepted system of coordinates and heights.

3.4.6. The completion of preparatory work is recorded in the General Work Log (the Recommended form is given in RD 11-05-2007) and must be accepted according to the Act on the implementation of occupational safety measures, drawn up in accordance with Appendix I, SNiP 12-03-2001.

3.5. Preparing the construction base

3.5.1. Before cladding, surfaces must be cleaned of mortar, dirt and concrete, and the base must be cleared of construction debris. Individual irregularities of more than 15 mm, as well as general deviations of the tiled surface from the vertical of more than 15 mm, must be corrected by cutting off the bulges on the surface and applying a leveling layer of cement mortar, which is applied without smoothing or grouting. Upon completion of leveling, the surfaces are checked according to the building level, plumb line and rules. All cracks are cut and rubbed with cement-sand mortar.

3.5.2. Next, mechanical cleaning of wall surfaces contaminated with lubricants, oils and anti-adhesive agents is carried out using water, with the addition of detergents using industrial vacuum cleaner dry and wet cleaning Karcher NT14/1 Eco Te Advanced.

3.5.3. The marking of the surface of the building facade is carried out in the following sequence:

- the verticality of the wall is checked with a plumb line along the flat part after 2-3 m, as well as at the fracture points of the facade;

- mark the position of the horizontal seams of the cladding with paint along the cord or install slats - orders;

- the outer surface of the cladding is marked with a horizontal cord at the height of its first row;

- after hanging the wall, it is marked for making holes for anchors.

3.5.4. Drilling holes with a diameter of 8 mm for dowels using a manual rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM" . Holes are cleaned of drilling waste (dust) by blowing with compressed air or washing with water under pressure.

3.5.5. Screwing in screws 45 mm long using a manual drill-driver Metabo Se 2800.

3.5.6. Leveling the screw heads.

3.5.7. Installation of plastic fasteners with screws.

3.5.8. Installation of metal beacons in fastenings.

3.5.9. Pulling the cord between the beacons.

Fig.9. Installation diagram of beacons for wall marking

3.6. Priming the base of the facade with an adhesive primer

3.6.1. Preparation of cement-lime mortar in forced action mortar mixer SO-46B.

3.6.2. Repairing local damage and cracks on the façade surface, leveling individual areas with lime-cement mortar.

3.6.3. Preparing the primer by stirring manual electric mixer ZMR-1350E-2.

3.6.4. Substrate treatment deep penetration primer "Weber.prim" Contact" to eliminate leaks on the wall surface.

3.6.5. Cleaning of rust and treatment with anti-corrosion primer of metal parts covered with a thermal insulation system.

3.6.6. The completed façade priming work must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Hidden Work Inspection Certificate, in accordance with Appendix 3, RD 11-02-2006.

3.7. Installation of steel, galvanized, base flashing

3.7.1. Drilling 8 mm diameter holes for support brackets using a hand drill rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM"

3.7.2. Fastening the support brackets to the slope with fiberglass dowels at a distance of 50 mm from the edge of the slope.

3.7.3. Installation of a plaster screed with hydraulic tape with a slope from the building wall.

3.7.4. Installation base tide with powder coating according to RAL on support brackets.

3.7.5. Fastening the ebb with dowel nails using washers to the wall through a thermal break, inserting them into the prepared hole and tapping them with a mounting hammer.

3.7.6. Installation of linings along the edges of the ebb to prevent water from flowing down the sides of the ebb.

3.7.7. The completed work on installing the base drip sill must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Inspection Certificate for critical structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig. 10. Installation diagram for basement drip sill

1 - basement ebb; 2 - base; 3 - polyurethane foam; 4 - sealant, seal; 5 - house wall

3.8. Installation of steel, galvanized window frame

3.8.1. Drilling 8 mm diameter holes for support brackets using a hand drill rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM" . Holes are cleaned of drilling waste (dust) by blowing with compressed air or washing with water under pressure.

3.8.2. Fastening the support brackets to the slope with fiberglass dowels at a distance of 50 mm from the edge of the slope.

3.8.3. Laying plaster screed with hydraulic tape with a slope from the building wall.

3.8.4. Preliminary measurement of the width and depth of the opening.

3.8.5. Cut the ebb to specific sizes using electric jigsaw Bosch PST 900 PEL.

3.8.6. Installation of low tide on support brackets.

3.8.7. Attach the ebb to the window frame exactly along the edge in increments of 15 cm, using self-tapping screws with a flat head using a hand drill-driver Metabo Se 2800 . Screw the screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually checking the tightness of the corner to the frame, and cover the cap with a decorative plug.

3.8.8. Installation of linings along the edges of the ebb to prevent water from flowing down the sides of the ebb.

3.8.9. Coating the lower joint of the ebb and flow with the wall with liquid sealant.

3.8.10. The completed work on installing window sills must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Inspection Certificate for critical structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig. 11. Installation diagram of a drip sill with a bracket on a cement screed

1 - casting plate; 2 - window sill; 3 - support bracket; 4 - window box; 5 - galvanized screw; 6 - window sill; 7 - polyurethane foam; 8 - cement mortar; 9 - dowel; 10 - house wall

3.9. Installation of external steel, galvanized side frames of the window unit with powder coating according to RAL

3.9.1. Clearing gaps between installed window block PVC and walls, removal of brown dry polyurethane foam.

3.9.2. Filling the cracks with acrylic sealant and leveling it with a spatula flush with the slope using gun for polyurethane foam "STANDARD" .

3.9.3. Preliminary measurement of the height (), width () and depth () of the opening.

3.9.4. Cutting slope corners to specific sizes (- 2 pcs., - 1 pc.) using electric jigsaw Bosch PST 900 PEL .

3.9.5. Drilling holes in the wall of the opening 6 mm, 50 mm, two on top and two on the sides, at an angle and a distance of 30 mm from the edge of the wall using a manual rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM" .

3.9.6. Driving plastic dowels into the holes.

3.9.7. Applying mounting adhesive to the back side of the slope corners (panels).

3.9.8. Installing an upper corner of size B, close to the upper quarter (the narrow profile shelf should face the windows, the wide one should face the opening wall).

3.9.9. Fastening the upper corner to the wall with dowels, and to the window frame exactly along the edge in increments of 15 cm using self-tapping screws with a flat head using manual drill-driver Metabo Se 2800 . Screw the screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually checking the tightness of the corner to the frame, and close the cap with a decorative plug and screws.

3.9.10. Filling the gap between the corner and the slope with acrylic sealant and then leveling it with a spatula so that it is flush with the slope.

3.9.11. Trimming the lower ends of the side corners (panels) at an angle of inclination of the ebb.

3.9.12. Attach the side corners to the window frame exactly along the edge in increments of 15 cm, using self-tapping screws with a flat head (screw the screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually checking the tightness of the corner to the frame), close the head with a decorative plug and screws to the wall into dowels.

3.9.13. Coating the upper joints of the corners with the wall and the lower joints of the corners with the ebb with liquid sealant.

3.9.14. The completed work on installing side window frames must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Inspection Certificate for critical structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig. 12. Window frame installation diagram

3.10. Installation of a base profile for installation of insulation

3.10.1. Attaching the aluminum plinth profile AL150 to the base of the facade with dowels at a height of 0.40 m, strictly horizontally, ensuring its tight connection to the base of the facade, using special lining washers of appropriate thickness, leaving a gap of 2-3 mm between adjacent profiles for joining with plastic connecting elements. The distance between the dowels during installation should not exceed 300 mm.

3.10.2. Connecting the base profile using connecting elements. It is prohibited to connect the base profile during overlap installation.

3.10.3. Installation of compensators for leveling the base profile in the plane. In the places where the base profile is attached, it is necessary to ensure its tight fit to the base of the facade, using special washers of appropriate thickness.

3.10.4. Formation of a plinth profile at the corners of a building's façade by making two oblique cuts in a protruding horizontal profile and then bending it.

Fig. 13. Installation diagram of the base profile with connecting elements

3.10.5. Stabilization of profile sheathing with fiberglass cloth no less than 0.3 m wide by gluing it to the wall with glue "Weber.therm S 100" with entry onto the base profile.

Fig. 14. Stabilization of the base profile with fiberglass

The walls of houses built from brick, various wall blocks, and even more so - representing reinforced concrete structure, in most cases do not meet the requirements for regulatory thermal insulation. In a word, such houses need additional insulation to prevent significant heat loss through the building envelope.

There are many different approaches to . But if the owners prefer the exterior decoration of their house, made of decorative plaster, in its “pure” form or using facade paints, That optimal choice insulation technology is becoming wet facade. This publication will discuss how complex such work is, what is required to carry it out, and how all this can be done on your own.

What is meant by a “wet façade” insulation system?

First of all, it is necessary to understand the terminology - what is “wet facade” technology, and how does it differ from, say, conventional wall cladding insulation materials from further decorative cladding wall panels (siding, block house, etc.)

The clue lies in the name itself - all stages of work are carried out using construction compounds and solutions that are diluted with water. The final stage is plastering the already insulated walls, so that the thermally insulated walls become completely indistinguishable from ordinary, covered ones. decorative plaster. As a result, two important tasks are solved at once - ensuring reliable insulation of wall structures and high-quality facade design.

An approximate insulation scheme using the “wet facade” technology is shown in the figure:

Schematic diagram of insulation using “wet facade” technology

1 – insulated facade wall of the building.

2 – layer of construction adhesive mixture.

3 – insulation boards of synthetic (one type or another) or mineral (basalt wool) origin.

4 – additional mechanical fastening of the thermal insulation layer – “fungi” dowels.

5 – protective and leveling plaster layer, reinforced with mesh (item 6).

This system of complete thermal insulation and facade finishing has a number of significant advantages:

• Very material-intensive installation of the frame structure is not required.
• The system turns out to be quite light. And it can be successfully used on most façade walls.
• The frameless system also predetermines the almost complete absence of “cold bridges” - the insulating layer is monolithic over the entire surface of the facade.
• In addition to insulation, facade walls also receive an excellent soundproofing barrier, which helps reduce both airborne and impact noise.
• With the correct calculation of the insulating layer, the “dew point” is completely removed from the wall structure and taken outside. The possibility of the wall getting wet and colonies of mold or mildew appearing in it is eliminated.
• The outer plaster layer is characterized by good resistance to mechanical loads and atmospheric influences.
• In principle, the technology is not complicated, and if the rules are strictly followed, any homeowner can handle it.

• At high-quality implementation such an insulated façade will not require repairs for at least 20 years. However, if you want to update the finish, this can easily be done without compromising the integrity of the thermal insulation structure.

The disadvantages of this method of insulation include:

• Seasonality of work - it is permissible to carry it out only at positive (at least +5°C) temperatures and in stable good weather. It is undesirable to carry out work in windy weather, at too high (over +30°C) air temperatures, with sunny side without providing protection from direct rays.
• Increased demands and high quality materials, and to exact compliance technological recommendations. Violation of the rules makes the system very vulnerable to cracking or even peeling of large fragments of insulation and finishing.

As mentioned, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used as insulation. Both materials have their advantages and disadvantages, but still, for a “wet facade”, high-quality mineral wool looks preferable. With approximately equal values ​​of thermal conductivity, mineral wool has a significant advantage - vapor permeability. Excess moisture will freely find its way out of the premises through the wall structure and evaporate into the atmosphere. With expanded polystyrene it is more difficult - its vapor permeability is low, and in some types it even tends to zero. Thus, the accumulation of moisture between the wall material and the insulating layer is not excluded. This is not good in itself, but at abnormally low winter temperatures cracking and even “shooting” occur large plots insulation together with finishing layers.

Exist special topics expanded polystyrene - with a perforated structure, in which this issue is resolved to a certain extent. But basalt wool has one more thing important dignity– absolute non-flammability, which expanded polystyrene cannot boast of. But for facade walls this is a very serious issue. And this article will consider best option– “wet facade” insulation technology using mineral wool.

How to choose insulation?

Which mineral wool is suitable for a “wet facade”?

As is already clear from schematic diagram“wet facade”, the insulation must, on one side, be mounted on an adhesive solution, and on the other, withstand the considerable load of the plaster layer. Thus, thermal insulation boards must meet certain requirements in terms of density and ability to withstand loads - both dent (compression) and rupture of their fiber structure (delamination).

Naturally, not every insulation classified as mineral wool is suitable for these purposes. Glass wool and slag wool are completely excluded. Only slabs made of basalt fibers are used, produced using a special technology - with increased rigidity and density of the material.

Leading manufacturers of insulation based on basalt fibers in their product line include the production of slabs specifically designed for thermal insulation of walls with subsequent finishing with plaster, that is, for a “wet facade”. The characteristics of several of the most popular types are shown in the table below:

Name of parameters	"ROCKWOOL FACADE BUTTS"	"Baswool Facade"	"Izovol F-120"	"TechnoNIKOL Technofas"
Illustration
Material density, kg/m³	130	135-175	120	136-159
Tensile strength, kPa, not less
- for compression at 10% deformation	45	45	42	45
- for delamination	15	15	17	15
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m×°C):
- calculated at t = 10 °С	0,037	0,038	0,034	0,037
- calculated at t = 25 °С	0,039	0,040	0,036	0,038
-operational under conditions “A”	0,040	0,045	0,038	0,040
- operational under conditions “B”	0,042	0,048	0,040	0,042
Flammability group	NG	NG	NG	NG
Fire safety class	KM0	-	-	-
Vapor permeability (mg/(m×h×Pa), not less	0,3	0,31	0,3	0,3
Moisture absorption by volume when partially immersed	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%
Slab dimensions, mm
- lenght and width	1000×600	1200×600	1000×600	1000×500 1200×600
- slab thickness	25, from 30 to 180	from 40 to 160	from 40 to 200	from 40 to 150

There is no point in experimenting with lighter and cheaper types of basalt wool, since such a “wet facade” will probably not last long.

How to determine the required thickness of insulation?

As can be seen from the table, manufacturers offer a wide range of insulation thicknesses for “wet facades”, from 25 to 200 mm, usually in increments of 10 mm.

What thickness should I choose? This is by no means an idle question, since the created “wet facade” system must provide high-quality thermal insulation of the walls. At the same time, excessive thickness means extra costs, and in addition, excessive insulation can even be harmful from the point of view of maintaining an optimal temperature and humidity balance.

Usually optimal thickness insulation is calculated by specialists. But it is quite possible to do this yourself, using the calculation algorithm presented below.

So, an insulated wall must have a total heat transfer resistance not lower than the standard value determined for a given region. This parameter is tabular, it is in reference books, it is known in local construction companies, and in addition, for convenience, you can use the diagram map below.

A wall is a multilayer structure, each layer of which has its own thermophysical characteristics. If the thickness and material of each layer, existing or planned (the wall itself, internal and exterior decoration etc.), then it is easy to calculate their total resistance and compare with normative value to get the difference that needs to be “covered” by additional thermal insulation.

We will not bore the reader with formulas, but will immediately suggest using a calculation calculator that will quickly and with minimal error calculate the required insulation thickness basalt wool, intended for facade work.

Calculator for calculating the thickness of insulation of the “wet facade” system

The calculation is carried out in the following sequence:

• Using the diagram map for your region, determine the normalized value of heat transfer resistance for walls (purple numbers).
• Check the material of the wall itself and its thickness.
• Decide on the thickness and material of the interior walls.

The thickness of the external plaster finishing of the walls is already taken into account in the calculator and will not need to be added.

• Enter the requested values ​​and get the result. It can be rounded to big side up to the standard thickness of manufactured insulation boards.

If suddenly a negative value is obtained, insulation of the walls is not required.

1. The first stage in the technology for insulating facades is preparing the surface of the walls of the facade itself.

For Stage 1 you will need the following:

• from tools (metal brushes, vacuum cleaner, scraper, unit high pressure with heated water, trowels, graters and half-graters, smoothers, rollers, paint sprayers, slats, rules, plumb lines).
• from materials (polymer cement and cement-sand mortars of grades 100-150, penetrating primer).
• control methods (visual, measuring - rod, plumb, level).
• controlled parameters (Surface evenness, absence of cracks, cavities. Uniformity of surface priming, compliance of the choice of primer with the type of base). The thickness of the layers is no more than 0.5 mm in 1 layer. Drying time - at least 3 hours.

Work at this stage:

• Mechanical cleaning of metal. brushes to remove dirt and dust. In case of concrete walls removal of concrete and cement laitance stains. Leveling uneven surfaces, sealing cracks, depressions, cavities, recesses with polymer cement mortar M-100, 150. In the case of repair and restoration work, old (convex) plaster or tiles are removed, the facade is plastered with cement-sand mortar M-100.
• Prime the surface with a primer composition.
• Dilution with water, penetrating primer 1:7

2. The second stage is the preparation of the adhesive mass.

For stage 2 you will need the following:

• made of material (Glue)
• from tools (Capacity with a volume of at least 10 liters. Mixer, drill and special attachments, buckets)
• control method (Visual, laboratory)
• controlled parameters (dosage of components, compliance of adhesive masses, (uniformity, mobility, adhesive strength, etc.) requirements of technical specifications).

Work at this stage:

• Open a standard 25 kg bag of dry mixture.
• - Pour 5 liters of water (from +15 to +20°C) into a clean container with a volume of at least 10 liters and, adding the dry mixture to the water in small portions, mix it with a low-speed drill with a special attachment until a homogeneous creamy mass is obtained.
• - After a 5-minute break, mix the finished adhesive mass again.
• - Preparation of the adhesive mass is carried out at an air temperature of +5°C and above.

3. The third stage is the installation of the first row of insulation using a base profile

For Stage 3 you will need the following:

• made of material (base profile, anchors, insulation mineral wool board
• glue metal nails, bolts, dowels)
• from tools (Electric impact wrenches, hammers, plumb lines, theodolite - level, knives, metal rulers, toothed and smooth spatulas, plate cutting device, hammers, tape measures, plumb lines, theodolite - level)
• control method (Visual, optical measuring (level))
• controlled parameters (design position, horizontal mount, layer thickness in accordance with the Technical Certificate). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm, drying time is a day.

Work at this stage:

• Set the horizontal profile of the base profile to the zero mark.
• The profile should be fastened with anchors or dowels in accordance with the Technical Certificate.
• Level the wall using special plastic spacers.
• The profile connection is made using special gaskets included in the system.
• Cut mineral wool boards (insulation) into 300 mm strips to install the first row of insulation.
• Apply the adhesive mass with a notched trowel in a continuous layer onto the strip of mineral wool board.
• Glue the insulation to the wall.
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation strip and install it (the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm, and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
• Caulk the seams between the strips of mineral wool slabs with scraps of insulation

4. Installation of a standard range of insulation from PSB-S-25F

For step 4 you will need the following:

• made of material (Thermomax 100K glue, insulation, PSB-S-25F, dowel, metal nails)
• from a tool (See above, Grinding stones, with pressure device)
• controlled parameters (design position, thickness of the adhesive layer, absence of gaps of more than two mm between the insulation boards, serrated ligation, adhesive strength of the adhesive layer to the surface of the base and to the surface of the insulation, number of dowels per 1 sq.m. strength of dowel fixation, depth of dowel anchoring in the base .). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the adhesive mass to the PSB-S-25F slab in one of three ways, which are indicated in the instructions for use, depending on the curvature of the walls.
• Glue the PSB-S25F slab to the wall (with a bandage of ½ of the slab relative to the bottom row of insulation).
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the PSB-S-25F slab and install it depending on the number of floors of the building and the type of base.
• Caulk the seams between the insulation boards with scraps of insulation.
• Sand the installed PSB-S-25 slabs

Stage 4.1: Installation of mineral wool slabs between floors

For step 4.1 you will need the following:

• from tools (tape measures, plumb lines, level, knives, metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, electric impact wrenches, hammers, tape measures)
• control method (Visual, measuring, input control materials)

Work at this stage:

• Cut the mineral wool board into 200mm strips.
• Apply the adhesive mass to the entire plane of the insulation strip with a notched trowel.
• Glue the insulation to the wall at the level of the upper slope of the window on each floor in a continuous strip.
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation strip and install it (the number of dowels is 3 pieces per strip, the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
• Drive metal nails into dowels.
• Caulk the seams between the PSB-S-25F mineral wool slabs with scraps of insulation.

Stage 4.2: Installation of a standard range of mineral wool board insulation

For stage 4.2 you will need the following:

• made of material (mineral wool board insulation, glue, dowel, metal nails, bolts)
• from tools (tape measures, plumb lines, level, knives, metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, electric impact wrenches, hammers, tape measures)
• control method (Visual, measuring)
• controlled parameters (design position, horizontal fastening, thickness and consistency of the adhesive layer in accordance with regulatory and technical documentation and with a real map). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the adhesive mass to the mineral wool board using one of three methods indicated in the instructions, depending on the unevenness of the walls.
• Glue the mineral wool slab to the wall (with ligation of the slabs relative to the bottom row of insulation).
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation board and install it, depending on the number of floors of the building and the type of base.
• Add metal nails or bolts to the dowels.

Stage 5. Installation of firebreaks around window and door openings.

For Stage 5 you will need the following:

• made of material (insulation mineral wool board, glue, dowel, metal nails)
• from tools (metal rulers, serrated and smooth spatulas, tools for cutting insulation boards)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (design position, continuity and thickness of the adhesive layer, width of the cuts, absence of gaps of more than two mm between the insulation boards, installation diagram of the insulation at the tops of the corners of the openings (“boots”), number of dowels, depth of anchoring of the dowel in the base, strength of fixation in the base) . Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Cut the insulation into strips equal to or greater than 150 mm wide
• Apply the adhesive mass in a continuous layer onto the strip of mineral wool board with a notched trowel.
• Install strips of mineral wool boards around the perimeter of the window according to standard unit systems.
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall through strips of mineral wool board under the dowel and install it (the number of dowels is 3 pieces per strip, the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
• Drive metal nails into dowels.
• Caulk the seams between the slabs and insulation scraps

Stage 6. Reinforcement of building corners, window and door openings

For stage 6 you will need the following:

• made of material (Universal elastic mixture, plastic corner)
• from tools (metal rulers, serrated and smooth spatulas, tools for cutting slabs and insulation)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (Appearance, surface straightness). Layer thickness - 3-5 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Install plastic corner on insulation in the corners of the building, window and door openings.

Stage 7. Applying a reinforcing layer on window and door slopes

For stage 7 you will need the following:

• made of material (universal elastic mixture, reinforcing mesh)
• from tools (spatulas, graters, brushes, smoothers, sanding block with pressure device, rule slats)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (Appearance, presence of additional mesh layers). Layer thickness - 3-5 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the mixture to the end and outer plane of the mineral wool slab.
• Place the previously glued corner reinforcing mesh into the freshly applied mixture.
• Remove excess mixture
• After the first layer has dried, glue additional strips of diagonal reinforcing mesh (kerchiefs) at the corners of window, door and other openings

Stage 8. Installation of an anti-vandal base layer for the first floors of the building

For stage 8 you will need the following:

• made of material (Universal elastic mixture, armored mesh)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (total thickness of the reinforcing layer in accordance with the technical certificate, overlap width, presence of additional diagonal overlays at the tops of the opening corners). Layer thickness - 3 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Place the shell mesh into the freshly laid mixture without gaps. The connection of the panzer mesh fabric is mounted end-to-end, without overlap.
• Remove excess mixture

Stage 9. Applying a reinforcing layer to the insulation plane

For stage 9 you will need the following:

• made of material (Universal elastic mixture, regular reinforcing mesh)
• from tools (spatulas, brushes, trowels, smoothers, sanding block with pressure device, rule slats)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (total thickness of the reinforcing layer in accordance with the Technical Certificate, overlap width, presence of additional diagonal overlays at the tops of the opening corners). Layer thickness - 4 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the mixture onto the plane of the insulation boards.
• Place a regular reinforcing mesh into the freshly laid adhesive mixture without gaps, with an overlap of at least 100 mm at the vertical and horizontal joints.
• Remove excess adhesive mass.
• Apply the adhesive mass for leveling onto the dried surface of the reinforcing layer, completely covering the reinforcing mesh and creating a smooth surface.
• After the leveling layer has dried, smooth out any uneven areas. sandpaper.

Stage 10. Primer for decorative finishing

For stage 10 you will need the following:

• made of material (Quartz primer)
• from tools (Roller, spray guns, compressor, spray gun)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (primer uniformity, primer compliance). Layer thickness - 0.5 mm. Drying time - at least 3 hours.

Work at this stage:

• Prepare the primer composition for work.
• Dust off the plastered surface.
• Apply the primer by hand using a roller or mechanically over the entire surface without gaps in one layer.

Stage 11: Applying decorative plaster

For stage 11 you will need the following:

• made of material (decorative mixture)
• from a tool (stainless steel grater, plastic grater)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (no transitions, uniform smoothing, crumbs). Layer thickness - 2.5-3 mm. Drying time is 7 days.

Work at this stage:

• Preparation of mortar mixture. (see paragraph 2).
• Applying plaster.

Stage 11.1: Painting the decorative protective layer

For stage 11.1 you will need the following:

• made of material (Paint)
• from tools (Rollers, painting equipment)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (uniformity of color, homogeneity, joining of sections). Layer thickness - 2 layers no more than 0.5 mm. Drying time: 5 hours.

Work at this stage:

Prepare the paint composition for work.

Apply the paint composition manually with a roller or mechanically, covering the entire primed surface twice.

Stage 12: Sealing the seams between the insulation system and the building structure

For stage 12 you will need the following:

• made of material (sealing cord, sealant)
• from tools (spatulas, gun for applying sealant)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (no cracks, coating thickness)

Work at this stage:

• The gaps between the insulation system and the building structure are filled with a sealing cord along the entire length of the seam and sealed with polyurethane sealant.

The building has a plan size of 25.2 × 37.2. The height of the insulated walls is 6m. There are 28 windows on the facade. 1.2 x 2.4 and 2 doors measuring 2.2 x 1.8

1 GENERAL PART. AREA OF APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

Expanded polystyrene blocks are used for insulation of external enclosing structures during the construction of new, reconstruction and major repairs of existing buildings and structures, followed by plastering work using the “wet facade” technology.

live The main elements of insulation are:

The card provides for facade insulation with polystyrene foam blocks during the construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings and structures.

2 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

The scope of work covered by the technological map includes: installation and dismantling of scaffolding, installation of PSB.

Table. Work count sheet

Work is performed in 1 shift. There are 5 lines of assemblers working per shift, each on its own vertical grip, 2 people in each line.

		Labor Costing
NN	Rationale	Name of works	Unit.	Scope of work	N. time per unit	Even composition	N time
for the entire volume	Prof.	resolution
	Number	GESN 09-O4-10-3	Construction and dismantling of scaffolding		0,4	m2
	installer	GESN 26-01-041 01	Installation and fastening of insulation		18,7	m2			1234,2
		1m 3	Fastening horizon elements	2,10	36,34	m2

100 pieces.

GESN 26-01-041 01. Insulation of cold surfaces with foam products

Meter: 1 m3 insulation

The scope of work is normal: 01. Preparation of the insulated surface. 02. Sawing slabs. 03. Installation of frame slats with fastenings. 04. Preparation of the solution. 05. Coating the insulated surface with glue. 06. Styling thermal insulation materials

with fitting and fastening.

Installation of PSB

1234/8=154 people/day

154/5*2=15.4 working days

Before starting installation work, the following preparatory work must be carried out:

According to the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001, the working area (as well as approaches to it and nearby areas) is freed from building structures, materials, mechanisms and construction waste - from the wall of the building to the boundary of the zone dangerous for people when operating facade lifts;

It is necessary to store sheets of composite material on a construction site on beams up to 10 cm thick laid on level ground, in increments of 0.5 m. If the installation of a ventilated facade is planned for more than 1 month, the sheets should be arranged with slats. The height of the stack of sheets should not exceed 1 m.

Marking of installation points for load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall is carried out in accordance with the technical documentation for the project for the installation of a ventilated facade.

MAIN WORK

When organizing installation work, the area of ​​the building facade is divided into vertical sections, within which work is carried out by different teams of installers from the first or second facade lifts (Fig.). The width of the vertical grip is equal to the length of the working deck of the facade lift cradle (5 m), and the length of the vertical grip is equal to the working height of the building.

The direction of work is from the basement of the building up to the parapet.

Installation of the ventilated facade begins from the base of the building on the 1st and 2nd vertical sections simultaneously. Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Direction of work technological sequence:

1. Fastening the base profile;

2. Application adhesive solution on the surface of the insulation;

3. Gluing the insulation to the wall surface;

4. Fastening the insulation to the wall with plastic dowels;

5. Leveling the surface of the glued slabs;

Bottom part The insulating layer is protected from mechanical damage using a base profile (see figure). These profiles, in addition to their protective functions, hold the first row of insulating boards, and the drip molded on the bottom of the profile eliminates water leaks along the wall of the base from rain, which may appear after rain. Plinth profiles are sized to suit different thicknesses of thermal insulation. The insulation must fit exactly into the base profile without gaps.

Rice. Attaching the plinth profile to the wall

Attaching the insulation

To attach insulation boards to the surface, a cement-based adhesive mixture is used for interior and exterior work. Mixture consumption – 2.2-2.9 kg/m2.

Gluing insulation Produce at a temperature not lower than +50C and no rain. The insulation boards are glued to the base using an adhesive mixture. The adhesive solution is prepared at the construction site manually using an electric mixer:

To the measured amount of water (5-5.5 liters), you need to slowly pour the contents of the bag (25 kg) and mix thoroughly with a drill and stirrer at low speed. After obtaining a homogeneous consistency, set aside for 10 minutes and then stir again. The solution prepared in this way retains its properties for 4 hours. The mixture is mixed until smooth and free of lumps. Then, it is mixed again after 5 minutes.

Apply the adhesive mass to the edges of the insulation board in strips 3 - 4 cm wide at a distance of about 3 cm from the edge so that during gluing the mass is not squeezed out beyond the edges of the polystyrene foam. Apply about 6-8 cakes, 3-4cm thick, in the central part of the insulation board. Select the amount of mortar so that at least 50% of the slab surface has contact with the base through the glue.

After applying the adhesive solution, immediately attach the slab to the wall in the designated place, fixing it with blows with a long wooden float. At the same time, control the position of the slab in both vertical and horizontal planes using a level. If the glue is squeezed out beyond the contour of the slab, it should be removed. Do not press the insulation boards repeatedly or move them after several minutes. If the slab is glued incorrectly, you should tear it off, remove the adhesive solution from the wall, and then reapply the adhesive mass to the slab and press the slab to the wall surface. The slabs should be laid horizontally, maintaining the staggered order of the seams, and overlapping at the corners. The width of the vertical and horizontal cracks should not exceed 2 mm. If there are more than wide gap it cannot be filled with adhesive solution. A narrow strip of insulation should be inserted into such a gap and pressed into place without using an adhesive solution. Before insulating the openings, you need to glue strips of reinforced mesh in them of such a width that they can later be turned out with a margin of 15 cm for polystyrene foam and on the wall. Attach the mesh to the walls using an adhesive solution. The vertical position of the polystyrene foam board is controlled using a leveling ruler

For insulation window and door slopes Insulation boards with a thickness of at least 3 cm should be used. Bring insulation through the slopes up to the frames (boxes). Glue insulation slabs (min. 3cm thick) to the surface of the upper and vertical slopes, cutting them so that the slabs glued to the wall plane exactly adjoin the slabs insulating the slopes. After applying the polystyrene foam to the base, you need to carefully press it with a float. Placing the adhesive on a notched trowel ensures a clean joint between the boards. Cut the expanded polystyrene board to a width 5 mm less than the width of the slope, or before gluing, cut a wedge 8-10 mm wide from the board and fill the gap formed between the expanded polystyrene and silicone mastic window frame. After laying the insulation boards, but before applying the main reinforcing layer, strengthen the corners of the openings by gluing pieces of reinforcing mesh measuring 20x35, the rectangles of which are embedded in the adhesive solution with a smooth trowel. This operation cannot be avoided, as cracks may form that develop from the corner.

The corners of window and door openings should be sanded with a grater and sandpaper. This will allow you to get even sharp corners. If there are gaps between the glued insulation boards, you need to fill them with fitted strips of insulation. In the case of small gaps into which it is difficult to insert insulation, it is recommended to widen them and insert the insulation with force without an adhesive solution. Do not fill gaps with glue.

Leveling the surface of insulation boards

Any uneven surfaces of glued insulation boards should be sanded with abrasive paper attached to a hard trowel. This operation can be performed after the adhesive holding the insulation has hardened (min. 48 hours after gluing the board). This is a very important operation, since thin layers of finishing will not be able to hide even small irregularities.

Fastening insulation boards with dowels

48 - 60 hours after gluing the slabs, you should begin mechanically fastening the slabs to the base using special disc-type dowels.

The number and placement of dowels depends primarily on the following factors:

Insulated wall material;

The type of thermal insulation structure (primarily on its weight together with the adhesive composition, reinforcing mesh, leveling and decorative layers);

Heights of the insulated building;

For walls made of solid brick, stone - 50 mm;

For walls made of hollow brick, light and porous concrete - 80-90 mm.

The depth of the hole for the driven part of the dowel should be 10 - 15 mm greater than the established anchoring depth of the dowel

After securing the dowels, you need to drive spacer tips into them.

If the tip is difficult to drive in completely, you need to pull out the dowel, deepen the hole and hammer the tip in again. Cutting off spacer tips that are not completely driven in is not allowed.

With properly reinforced plastic dowels, their heads should be in the same plane as the polystyrene foam. This can be checked by applying a long strip to the wall. The protruding dowel heads above the surface of the polystyrene foam will be visible after the final finishing of the wall.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

The quality of facade insulation is ensured by ongoing monitoring of technological processes of preparatory and installation work, as well as during acceptance of work. Based on the results of ongoing monitoring of technological processes, inspection reports for hidden work are drawn up.

In preparation installation work is checked:

Readiness of the working surface of the building facade, structural elements of the facade, mechanization equipment and tools for installation work;

The quality of the supporting frame elements (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of brackets, profiles and other elements);

The quality of the insulation (dimensions of the slabs, absence of tears, dents and other defects).

During installation work check for compliance with the project:

Accuracy of façade markings;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for dowels;

Accuracy and strength of fastening of load-bearing and support brackets;

Correctness and strength of fastening of insulation boards to the wall;

The position of the adjusting brackets that compensate for wall unevenness;

The accuracy of installation of supporting profiles and, in particular, the gaps at the places where they are joined.

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

Material requirement

Soil 132 kg

PSB-S 25 1000*1000*100 66 m3

Dowel for fastening thermal insulation 10*160 with metal nail 330pcs

Glue bag 25 kg (per 10 m2) 66 bags

Plaster mesh 50 m2

Base strip 125 m

Profile for corners 100 pm

Dowel nails 1000 pcs

Machines, devices, inventory

6 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

7 WORK SCHEDULE

8 SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

1. Work must be performed by specially trained workers under the guidance and control of engineering and technical workers.

2. Devices designed to ensure the safety of workers and ease of work (cradles, scaffolding) must meet the requirements of GOST 28347-89/ When operating the lift, it is prohibited - to carry out work on the lift at a wind speed of over 8.3 m/s, during snowfall, rain or fog, in the absence of necessary lighting.

3. Work on installation, storage, loading and unloading of long goods metal structures(cladding panels) should be done using gloves. Work at heights with slings and helmets.

4. Small mechanization equipment with voltages above 42 V must be grounded

5. Carrying out cladding and insulation work using flammable materials simultaneously with welding and other work using open fire is prohibited.

6. If a fire or signs of combustion are detected, notify the fire service and take all possible measures.

7. In each shift, constant technical supervision must be provided by foremen, foremen, foremen and other persons responsible for safe handling works