Pig farming as a business. Raising pigs: technologies, reviews. Domestic pig farming: raising pigs as a business

Pig farmingin Russia- one of the most important branches of livestock farming. Farms specializing in fattening piglets are usually profitable. Pig farming currently accounts for about 20% of the total gross livestock production in the Russian Federation. In our time, support for farmers specializing in raising piglets is also provided by the state.

How profitable is this business in Russia today?

The profitability of this type of livestock farming in the Russian Federation is currently determined by several factors. The introduction of sanctions against Russia was, of course, a serious reason various kinds economic shocks. However, at the same time, this political situation played into the hands of to domestic producers food products. As a result of the imposition of sanctions, Russian livestock farmers were able to occupy vacant niches in the country’s food market without much difficulty and fierce competition.

The state of pig farming in Russiahas improved significantly recently, thanks in part to federal policy support for domestic manufacturers.Farmers today cantake tocredits at favorable rates, win grants and even receive free assistance from the state at the initial stages.

Small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises today are usually registered as peasant farms. For such enterprises in the country, among other things, there is a fairly convenient system taxation.

Pig farming in Rus'

Another factor determining the profitability of this type of livestock farming in Russia is that it is traditional for our country. V RFWe have accumulated a wealth of experience in keeping and breedingpiglets.

History of pig farming in Russiaspans several centuries.Piglets on the territoryour countrydivorceyatsince ancient times. There is a lot of evidence of this. Eg, English poet Fletcher, who lived in the 16th century, mentioned in his notes that the Russiansin areas bordering Turkic landskeep very few livestock. The exception to this ism, according to him,are piglets, since the Tatars and Turks raiding Rus',those who do not eat pork are not driven away.

The beginning of the rapid development of the industry

Breedingthese animals in our countryhave been doing for centuries. However, rapidly developingpig farming in Russia, like everywhere else in the world, I startedOin the 19th century. The first industrial exhibition, at which pig products were also presented, took place in St. Petersburg in 1926. According to surviving documents, at that time mainly Danish and Chinese piglets were bred in the country.

Later, domestic highly productive breeds began to be created in Russia. Cattle breeders in the southern provinces were the first to breed piglets well adapted to the harsh climate. In the 40s of the 19th century they managed to obtain, for example, breeds such as Mirgorod and Poltava.

Pig farming in Russia: areas for raising animals

Todaythis industrywell developed in almost all regions of Russia.But the greatest popularitypig farmingreceived in our countryOin highly developed agricultural regions specializing in the cultivation of beets, corn and sunflowers.

It is in these areas that farmers have the opportunity to not spend too much on feedfarms. Pig farming (Russiadue to sanctions, today a lot of domestic meat is actually required) as an area of ​​economic activity in the 90s of the last century practically disappeared in our country. However, today this industryreallyis feeling uplifted. This fact is also confirmed by statistical data.Meat production in the Russian Federation in last years has grown significantly.

Distributedsamelivestock by district in Russiaapproximatelyin the following way(data for 2014):

Central - 8260 thousand tons of meat per year.

Privolzhsky - 2388 thousand tons.

Siberian - 1631 thousand tons.

North-West - 1124 thousand tons.

Ural - 950 thousand tons.

Yuzhny - 700 thousand tons.

North Caucasus - 220 thousand tons.

Far Eastern - 149 thousand tons.

Crimean - 86 thousand tons.

Productivity indicators

Running a pig breeding business in Russia is profitable, of course, not only due to state support and sanctions. They determine the high degree of profitability of pig farms and the excellent productivity indicators of these animals themselves.Piglets reach a weight of 90-110 kg by 6-7 months. The slaughter weight of pigs averages 75-85%. For comparison: for cattle this figure is only approximately 55%.

Talsopig farming in Russia,as throughout the world, the business is profitable because these animalsdiffer high degree fertility. A purebred queen alone can bring and feed up to 12-14 piglets at a time.

Farmers' profit

The main products of pig farms in Russia are meat and lard. Farmers make most of their profits from their sales. Many farms of this specialization also sell breeding young stock. Pedigree piglets are very popular in the Russian Federation and people buy them willingly.

In general, the profitability of a pig farm depends on the cost of feed and the price of meat. The latter figure in our country is quite high. Compared to food products from other groups, pork is quite expensive - around 200-400 rubles per 1 kg, depending on the region.

Approximate calculation for clarity

Pig farming in Russiatoday it can be considered quite profitable. To verify this, you just need to do simple calculations.One pig eats about 400 kg of feed before slaughter. The cost of a ton of the latter is about 20,000 rubles. Accordingly, it will cost approximately8 thousand rubles The slaughter weight of the pig is about 75%. That is, from a six-month-old pig you can get approximately 75 kg of meat. Multiplying this figure by the cost of 300 rubles, we get revenue in22.5 thousand rubles We take into account the cost of feed and get 14 .5 thousand rub. The farmer will have to allocate part of this money, of course, for staff salaries, veterinarian services, rent of premises, equipment maintenance, etc. But stillIn the end, the farmer makes a pretty good profit.

Development of pig farming in Russia: prospects

An increase in pork production in Russia, as already mentioned, is already observed today. Domestic statisticians draw this conclusion based on the graphs of recent years. The profitability of this industry has increased in Russia to 42%. Most researchers give positive forecasts regarding the further development of the industry. According to some data, pig farming in Russia may reach 100% self-sufficiency in the next few years.

The main goal of farms of this specialization today is not only to increase the number of livestock, but also:

improvement of breeding qualities of animals;

use of new promising growing technologies;

usage modern equipment;

improving the quality of veterinary care.

Improving the breeding qualities of animals will lead to a significant increase in their productivity. After all, purebred pigs, with lower feed requirements, usually gain more weight than ordinary pigs. The use of new growing technologies and the installation of modern equipment on farms certainly leads to a reduction in material and labor costs for maintaining animals. Improving the quality of veterinary care can prevent a decrease in livestock productivity due to disease and significantly reduce losses due to mortality.

Pigs: any domestic animals belonging to the species Sus scrofa. There are breeding pigs, piglets and fattening pigs.

Breeding pigs: sows intended for breeding

Piglets: weanlings. In European countries these are piglets weighing up to 20 kg. In Canada, until 2007, this category included animals up to 20 kg, and since 2008, this category includes animals up to 50 pounds (23 kg). In the United States, until 2007 this included animals up to 60 pounds (27kg), and since 2008 up to 50 pounds (23kg).

Fattening pigs: pigs whose meat is intended to be used for human consumption. In European countries this includes all animals weighing over 20kg, including those whose live weight exceeds 110kg. In Canada, until 2007, this category included pigs weighing over 20 kg, and since 2008, over 50 pounds (23 kg). In the United States, until 2007, this category included animals weighing 60 pounds (27 kg) or more, and since 2008, 50 pounds (23 kg).

Information sources

Statistics Canada, http://www.statcan.gc.ca/start-debut-eng.html

USDA, http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome

National Statistics Office of China, http://www.stats.gov.cn

Number of pigs by year and country. The interactive chart format allows you to view and compare numbers and trends for multiple countries over different time periods. Results are shown for different categories of pigs.

The number of pigs for slaughter and the amount of pork produced per month and per year. An interactive chart allows you to show and compare numbers and trends for multiple countries over different time periods.

Kira Stoletova

Raising pigs for meat is a good investment. Pork is a product in demand on the market. It is part of smoked lard and sausage, it is used in the preparation of first and second courses, therefore, raising pigs at home as a business is very profitable.

You can fatten piglets for meat at home using either homemade mash or professional feed of various classes.

A pig breeding business needs to be planned thoroughly; for this you need to take a responsible approach to choosing a breed, look at photos and videos about pigs, and study the description.

Pig breeding as a business can be started without having a large start-up capital. First, it is enough to get a few individuals for testing. As soon as it becomes clear that you like the business, you can expand the farm and set up production.

Pros of raising pigs for meat

The pig business at home has its advantages:

1. Short gestation period. Pregnancy in a sow lasts about 3 months. Piglets also do not feed on milk for a long time. Their infancy period lasts 1-2 months.
2. Pigs are fertile animals. A sow gives birth to up to 10 babies at a time. A pig gives birth up to 2-3 times per year, which means that the owner is provided with 20-30 piglets per year. This is a remarkable indicator when comparing pigs with goats, sheep, and cows.
3. Pigs gain weight quickly. If you feed them correctly, a piglet weighs about 100 kg at six months.
4. There is very little waste from pigs after slaughter. Finished meat accounts for up to 73% of the pig's live weight. Other types of large and small livestock cannot boast such a small percentage of waste.

From the above it is clear that from a pig you can get offspring that, in adulthood, will produce more than 3,000 kg per year of net meat product. Now you should go to the market and find out the prices of meat. This will be the annual income from one individual.

Where to start growing

To open his own pig farm, the owner needs permission from the authorities. Also, the future owner will need start-up capital capital that allows you to buy and maintain animals until a stable income from the business is established.

The cost items for a novice pig farmer are as follows:

1. Registration of a pig farm.
2. Purchase of feed.
3. Rent or purchase of land and premises, if they are not available.
4. Purchase of special equipment.
5. Purchasing animals for breeding.

The most common form of ownership in in this case- private entrepreneurship. However, if the farm's population is less than 100 animals, it does not need to be registered. It is more profitable to register this business as a household plot. The advantage of this activity is that a small pig farm is a family business that does not require hiring employees.

To waste less effort, it is better to conclude an agreement with a service station. This organization is engaged in the supply of fodder and sale of meat products.

Before purchasing livestock, you need to draw up a business plan that takes into account the amount of initial capital, expected income, and sales markets. It is also worth considering whether the owner will sell the meat and lard in its original form or whether it will be processed into sausages and other products right on the farm. In the second case, you need to estimate the possibilities of purchasing equipment.

The volume of production will determine how it is more profitable to register a business: as an individual entrepreneur or a household plot. To do this, it is best to consult with a competent lawyer or first study the relevant legislative framework yourself.

Organization of a pig farm

One of the main questions that faces the owner of a pig herd is where to keep the animals? Of course, you can rent some old building of a suitable format in the neighborhood, renovate it or rebuild it, but this requires capital investment, payment of rent, and competent legal assistance. This is the reason why many people choose to build a farm on their own land. This will require financial investments on a larger scale, but such a structure will belong entirely to the farmer. You can also immediately build it for yourself, taking into account all the systems and planning the necessary premises.

Pigs are undemanding animals, but this does not mean that the building should be equipped somehow. If concrete or concrete structures are used in the construction of walls, they must be insulated, otherwise the animals will freeze and suffer colds. The barn should not be colder than 12°C, it should be light, tidy, and drafts should be avoided. If you immediately install water supply and sewerage, cleaning the premises will not be difficult, and timely cleaning is the key to a healthy livestock.

Pigs, despite popular belief, do not like dirt, therefore, so that cleaning and other aspects of care do not take a lot of effort, you need to install at least primitive automation.

Every month the pigsty needs to be treated; the room is ventilated several times a week. This allows you to destroy microorganisms, disease-causing. The pigsty must also provide room for mothers with children, only then will business with any piglets at home be profitable. It should be warm, clean, the air should be fresh.

Choosing a pig breed

Before purchasing livestock, the owner must decide on the choice of breed. All are suitable for commercial cultivation, but each has its own characteristics that make it more profitable under certain conditions.

Pig breeds

Pigs are raised depending on the purpose. So, there is a division of all breeds into three types:

1. Tallow - Large Black and Berkshire.
2. Tallow-meat - Large white and Duroc.
3. Bacon - Landrace and Tamworth.

The breed must be able to take root in the climate characteristic of the area. It is worth asking experienced breeders in the owner's region which breeds they prefer and why.

Piglets should be purchased for feeding at 2 months of age. By this age, they are already quite independent and do not need breast milk.

If the owner draws up the menu correctly and selects food good quality, then the piglets will gain weight quickly and without problems. A healthy piglet at 2 months should weigh 15-16 kg. If the weight is much less, it is not easy to raise the animal. If you plan to keep the purchased piglets for breeding, you need to carefully monitor the degree of their relationship. Pigs, even if they are distantly related, will not give a full-fledged offspring. It is best to purchase pigs for breeding from different farms. You should not save on buying animals.

Inexpensive individuals often do not meet breed standards and are not suitable for breeding. Also, piglets bought cheaply often have a hidden defect or are infected with a disease. You shouldn’t even think about breeding such animals.

For breeding you need a boar and several females. If all these conditions are met when purchasing animals for breeding, the owner will soon receive healthy, fertile offspring, which means his business will flourish.

Fattening pigs

Pigs are bred to produce various meat products, which means that the owner is primarily interested in his charges gaining weight faster. Animals must be fed in compliance with all required standards; it is recommended to select a balanced diet. If the animals' nutrition is not properly organized, does not correspond to age, and is not varied, the meat products will not achieve the set goal. Fattening any piglets for meat at home must be correct; the diet must be prepared by a competent specialist.

Purchasing feed and properly fattening pigs for meat at home is an area of ​​activity in pig breeding where even small savings can do more harm than good. Fattening any pigs for meat at home should occur gradually, since the livestock will not gain weight at a rapid pace, and the pet’s body, weakened by improper nutrition, is susceptible to disease.

Sometimes savings lead to the death of livestock. Also, the taste of meat directly depends on the diet. So, buying food for the pigs and making sure that the pigs and profitable business have become interconnected concepts, it is worth following the proverb “the miser pays twice.”

Sales of meat products

Selling pig meat and products made from it usually does not cause problems. These products are popular with customers. The only condition: they all must be of good quality, then even the simplest business plan is doomed to success. The tastier the products, the greater demand they are in the market.

How to sell pork more profitably depends on its quantity. If the farm is small, then it is better to buy a place at the nearest market or resort to the help of an intermediary, for example, a specialized store. You can also enter into an agreement with small cafe or a restaurant that willingly purchases quality meat for the kitchen.

If the farm is large, you should think about opening your own store. Meat can be sold whole carcasses if the buyer is an intermediary. It is also permissible to sell it in cut form if the owner is engaged in this. Under certain conditions, pigs can also be sold live to the factory. Usually piglets do well, but some prefer to buy adult animals - boars and sows. If there is a surplus of adults in a pig farm, do not immediately reject this option. In addition, live sale does not require documents from the sanitary authority, certificates of meat quality, labor for slaughtering animals and processing carcasses.

If a farmer plans to produce pork products, he needs to take care of the premises and equipment. The simplest thing is to build a smokehouse. Smoked lard and meat go on sale well after something simple, are more expensive, are more waste-free than raw meat, and are stored longer.

It is not only adults who are slaughtered. The meat of suckling pigs (from 3-4 weeks from birth to 5-6 weeks) is highly valued among gourmets for its juiciness and tenderness. The main thing is to raise the livestock so that all the animals are healthy, and the meat and products from it are of high quality, then they will sell well.

Investments and return on business

Pig farming as a business at home should be carried out in several stages. A piglet turns into an adult in about six months. If you feed pigs for meat correctly, at this age the animal can already be slaughtered: the profit received covers all expenses, this is a direct way to succeed. As a result, pig farming as a business has a net income of about 30% if the market situation is favorable.

From 100 kg of live weight, approximately 73 kg remains as a result of slaughter and subsequent processing. The more the pig weighs, the more income the owner will receive from its sale. Taking into account all the factors: leaving pigs for breeding, building a barn, purchasing livestock, feed, etc., the farm will pay for itself in 2 years. According to economic indicators, a two-year payback and 30% income characterize pig farming and pig rearing as a profitable business and as one of the profitable industries in agriculture.

Pig farming as a business should be built gradually. Before you start purchasing equipment and animals, you need to calculate whether the business and pig breeding in general is profitable for climate zone and region of residence, whether there are similar profitable farms nearby. It wouldn’t hurt to ask more experienced colleagues for advice on the pig business. Special attention It is worth paying attention to the following points:

1. Write at least a short business plan that takes into account all expenses, including those that may arise unexpectedly.
2. The choice of breed that is raised at home, depending on the purpose of cultivation and climate.
3. Purchase of fodder for feeding animals.
4. Installation on a small automation farm.
5. Studying the vital functions of animals and planning care activities in accordance with this.

Pig farming at home is a profitable branch of agriculture, but this does not mean that the farmer should invest all his money in it without doing anything else. For a pig business, it is better to allocate initially small funds, and then, as you receive profit, develop this type of your farm. It is worth remembering that pig farming requires not only money from a beginning farmer, but also time, which he will spend on caring for the animals.

At a minimum, the farmer must know how to properly fatten a pig for meat and what diet to provide. Careless care, as well as ill-considered organization of life, can lead to the death of livestock, and the meat industry will not make a profit. If you comply simple rules care and raising of animals, taking into account their diet, pig farming at home is a profitable business that even beginners and inexperienced farmers can develop.

Pig farming is a branch of livestock farming, the intricacies of which are of interest to both owners of large farms and residents of the private sector. The interest in breeding and raising pigs is easy to explain: the sale of high-quality meat and lard brings high profits to farmers, and the production of just one pig feeds an entire family for six months. To successfully fatten and breed pigs, you need to delve deeply into pig farming and learn everything about pigs.

Of course, no scientist can name the exact date of domestication of the first pig. It is known that primitive people tamed wild animals, gradually changing them night mode day to day. People ate hearty pork, shields were made from pig skin, and household items and weapons were made from bones.

The domestication of wild boars began in the Middle East and China, from where the animals were brought to Europe. Introduced pigs interbred with each other for centuries, which led to the displacement of Middle Eastern genes from the blood of animals. Starting around the 18th century, breeders and amateur pig farmers began developing new breeds with improved characteristics. This is how the Yorkshire, large white and a number of other breeds appeared. Today there are about one hundred varieties of pigs in the world, which differ as appearance, and the direction of productivity.

What breeds of pigs are considered the best?

When you decide to start a farm, you should find out everything about piglets before purchasing. If the goal is to obtain fatty meat with an impressive layer of fat, then you should pay attention to the so-called “”. These include the Hungarian down mangalitsa, Vietnamese, chinese pig"Meishan" and white steppe Ukrainian.

If you plan to fatten a pig for meat, then you should pay attention to piglets of the Belarusian, Urzhum or Mirgorod breeds.

The most popular is pork of the bacon-type of productivity: the carcass contains at least 70% meat with a thin layer of fat.

At heat treatment the lard melts, saturating the meat with flavor and moisture. This kind of pork is popular with consumers: fattening bacon-type animals for the purpose of selling products in the future pays off with interest. TO universal breeds or “bacon” include Yorkshire, Landrace and. Therefore, when clarifying when is the best time to buy piglets, it is important to decide on the breed of animals.

Where to keep domestic pigs?

In the warm season, the issue is not as acute as in cold weather. If we're talking about For suckling babies under 2 months of age, you should take care in advance of a special place where the piglets will be warm and where they will not be disturbed by drafts. If there is no barn or pigsty, even a corridor or utility block will do. Subsequently, for successful rapid growth, the piglets will need an enclosure for walking, where you can build an impromptu pond and put a few logs: pigs love to dig the ground under them and scratch their backs.

Can pigs swim? Eyewitnesses natural Disasters they say: the flood forces the pigs to swim, which they do masterfully. But wallowing in the mud is a more pleasant activity for these animals, so even a primitive pit with water will interest them. In addition to the pond, a shelter is often installed in the pen, where the pigs hide from the heat and sleep. Therefore, many owners who keep animals in the warm season strive to build a pen for pigs.

On small area in 6 or less acres, keeping one or more pigs is considered ideally simple, which is why summer residents buy piglets in early spring and fattened until the cold weather. Raising a pig in six months is a reality if you purchase, for example, a Landrace pig. This Danish bacon-type breed has conquered the whole world: Landraces on balanced and rich food gain 100 kg in just six months.

A plan for breeding purebred pigs or fattening them year-round will require financial investments from the owner of an individual farm. Without a permanent pigsty with several pens and a water supply, things won’t work, and caring for the pigs will be significantly more complicated. The following cage sizes for pigs are recommended: 2.5 by 1.9 meters. A pen or pen of this size is ideal for caring for a farrowing sow. If there is a shortage of space, the size of the pen can be reduced to 1 by 2 meters, which, however, will complicate the maintenance of the pigsty and limit the freedom of the animals.

How to keep piglets in winter? It's not that difficult: just keep them warm and out of reach of harmful drafts. It is recommended to insulate the premises for pigs during the construction stage. Not only the walls or ceiling are insulated, but also the floor: under concrete screed foam sheets are laid. Thus, the floor will never be icy, thanks to the insulation, and concrete surface Pigs can't handle digging.

Hay and straw - natural materials, which are used on the floor as a warm bedding. Natural insulation They are also placed in the attic of the pigsty. It is advisable to cover the walls with wood. All these measures are necessary to ensure that pigs do not become hypothermic in the cold and do not get pneumonia, a disease that is fatal without the use of an appropriate treatment regimen.

The most common diseases of pigs

While learning everything about pig farming, you should familiarize yourself with the symptoms of the most common animal diseases. This will allow you to avoid loss of livestock, and thanks to timely contact with a veterinarian, quickly cure the pig. In addition to the above-mentioned pneumonia, pigs suffer and often die from infectious diseases: plague, erysipelas, rabies and dysentery.

Outbreaks of infectious diseases are also frequent: pasteurosis, salmonellosis, lawsonia and parvovirus. Invasive diseases (coccidiosis or strongylatosis) caused by worms inhibit the active growth of pigs and cause serious harm to their health.

Pigs, despite their omnivorous nature, are prone to disorders caused by poisoning.

A common cause of poor animal health is food left in the trough, especially if it was prepared using a wet method.

Experienced pig breeders and veterinarians advise thoroughly cleaning feeders from food debris after each feeding. Poisoning table salt This is also a common occurrence in pigs. Excess salt (for example, in fish or pickles) can even kill a pig: half a gram of salt per 1 kg of animal weight is enough. The so-called “salt fever” gets worse if the pig does not get the required amount clean water. Read about diseases of domestic pigs and methods of treating them.

Monitoring the behavior of individuals will prevent the development of infections and stop epidemics in time. A healthy animal eats food actively and willingly. A sick animal is not interested in the contents of the trough and prefers to lie on the floor of the pigsty. It is not uncommon for a sick pig to develop a fever. What temperature should pigs be if they are healthy? A body temperature of 38 to 40 degrees is considered normal for pigs.

A pig's teeth are another factor that helps determine the animal's well-being. If a pig squeaks with them, it should be examined. Beginning pig farmers often wonder if pigs sweat. No, pigs cannot sweat due to their lack of sweat glands. Sweat can form on your pig's snout, so when it's hot, she likes to hide it in a puddle to cool off.

How to raise piglets?

The development of pigs is usually divided into periods. Milk period – First stage in the lives of children. In the first three weeks, they feed on high-calorie mother's milk, and the signal for the start of complementary feeding is their interest in the contents of the mother's trough. Piglets can experience a lack of milk even at a week of age, if the offspring number more than ten pigs.

How to raise piglets and accustom them to solid food? You should start with porridges cooked with whole milk or 0.5% skim milk. When pigs learn to eat porridge, it needs to be enriched with grated vegetables: carrots, potatoes, beets and herbs. When the offspring learns to cope with vegetables chopped into a puree, you can move on to cutting boiled vegetables into cubes. The diet needs to be fortified charcoal– a useful natural supplement for activating the rapid growth of piglets.

The milking period ends when the piglets reach 2.5 months and 20 kg of live weight. The growing period begins - the most important stage for the development of gilts and their transformation into healthy and well-fed animals. For rearing pigs, thick porridge is cooked from crushed grains, filling it with food waste and skim milk. Chalk, salt and vitamin A are the main additives in the daily diet that affect fast growth gilts Walking on fresh air in the paddock are also extremely important for the development of young animals. Interestingly, the lifespan of a pig is up to 15 years at good care, but livestock rarely live that long. Average duration For obvious reasons, the life of pigs is only 1-1.5 years.

When gilts reach 4 months and weigh 50 kg, The final stage their growth and development - fattening. Caring for pigs at home is simplified at this stage. The main condition is to feed the gilts as much as possible, but not to overfeed them with corn, which causes replacement muscle mass fat. This is especially true for owners of meat and bacon livestock. The weight of a pig of 100-110 kg allows the animal to be slaughtered. The pig's live weight and yield, that is, slaughter weight, depend on the breed of the animal. So, if a standard boar produces up to 75% of production, then landrace produces 79-80%.

It is not necessary to do it yourself. If the animals were raised for sale, you should contact private buyers or contact a representative of the nearest meat processing plant. Purchase prices for live weight pigs can be found on the company’s website or by phone. If we are talking about buying an animal, then the cost of live weight of a pig in small farms starts from 100 rubles per 1 kg.

Buy a cow and pigs for a private farm - perfect solution. Moreover, starting a household is more important today than ever. The cost of living is rising, and producers do not bother to improve the quality of the meat and dairy products they offer. So why not get some pork highest quality for your own family? Or not to do it profitable business for fattening and breeding pigs? Business consultants believe that pig farming is a relatively free niche for implementing your own project. And the profitability of the pig farming business is calculated at 35%. Worth thinking about!

Based on Rosstat data. The materials of the article include statistical data on the number of pigs, pork production in 2013-2016, including by category of farms, by quarter.

The Russian pig industry in 2016 is characterized by high rates of growth in meat production. A significant increase in the number of pigs and pork production in the Russian Federation in recent years was facilitated by a drop in import volumes, which occurred as a result of the devaluation of the ruble, as well as restrictions imposed on the supply of pork from a number of countries (since August 2014).

Pig number in 2016

The pig population in Russia in 2016 in farms of all categories as of October 1 totaled 23,256.8 thousand heads. The growth of the livestock for the year was 4.5% or 1,003.0 thousand heads. Over 2 years (relative to data as of October 1, 2014), the pig population in the Russian Federation increased by 12.3% or 2,543.5 thousand heads, over 3 years - by 14.6% or 2,963.6 thousand .heads

In the structure of the pig population, 81.5% came from agricultural organizations, 16.5% from households, and 2.0% from peasant farms.

Pig population in 2016 by region

The region with the largest number of pigs is the Belgorod region - 4,240.2 thousand heads, which is 5.4% or 217.5 thousand heads more than on October 1, 2015. The region's share in the all-Russian pig population was 18.2%.

The second place is occupied by the Kursk region, where the pig population as of October 1, 2016 increased compared to the same date in 2015 by 7.7% or by 103.6 thousand heads and totaled 1,447.4 thousand heads. The region's share of the total livestock population in the Russian Federation was 6.2%.

In the Tambov region, the pig population amounted to 1,010.6 thousand heads, which is 3.0% or 29.1 thousand heads higher than the figures for the same date in 2015 (3rd place in the ranking of regions of the Russian Federation). The share in the all-Russian livestock was at the level of 4.3%.

In the Chelyabinsk region in 2016, the pig population increased over the year by 11.0% to 922.3 thousand heads. According to this indicator, the region is in 4th place in Russia (4.0% of the total pig population in the Russian Federation).

As of October 1, 2016, the Pskov region took 5th place in the ranking. The pig population there totaled 805.9 thousand heads. The region's share in the all-Russian livestock was 3.5%. Over the year, the livestock increased by 35.4% or 210.6 thousand heads.

6. Voronezh region - 804.8 thousand heads, share in the all-Russian livestock - 3.5%.

7. Krasnoyarsk region- 656.2 thousand heads, 2.8%.

8. Altai region- 619.0 thousand heads, 2.7%.

9. Omsk region - 610.0 thousand heads, 2.6%.

10. Lipetsk region - 583.4 thousand heads, 2.5%.

11. Tver region - 511.9 thousand heads, 2.2%.

12. Republic of Tatarstan - 497.6 thousand heads, 2.1%.

13. Republic of Bashkortostan - 481.4 thousand heads, 2.1%.

14. Rostov region- 457.2 thousand heads, 2.0%.

15. Kemerovo region - 438.2 thousand heads, 1.9%.

16. Krasnodar region- 432.8 thousand heads, 1.9%.

17. Novosibirsk region- 407.5 thousand heads, 1.8%.

18. Stavropol Territory - 403.9 thousand heads, 1.7%.

19. Tyumen region- 364.5 thousand heads, 1.6%.

20. Republic of Mordovia - 354.3 thousand heads, 1.5%.

As of October 1, 2016, the pig population in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP 20 totaled 7,207.4 thousand heads (31.0% of the total pig population in Russia).

Pork production in 2016

Pork production in Russia in January-September 2016 amounted to 2,357.0 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight (3,030.6 thousand tons in live weight). Compared to the same period in 2015, production volume increased by 10.9% or 231.9 thousand tons in slaughter weight. Over 2 years, compared to January-September 2014, the increase in production amounted to 16.5% (333.2 thousand tons), over 3 years - 23.2% (443.9 thousand tons).

The entire increase in production occurred due to agricultural organizations. Thus, over 3 years (in January-September 2016, compared to January-September 2013), the volume of pork production in agricultural organizations increased by 562.8 thousand tons or by 39.4%. At the same time, in households it decreased by 113.8 thousand tons (25.3%). In peasant farms there is also a decrease in indicators - by 14.6% or 5.2 thousand tons.

The structure of pork production in January-September 2016 was distributed as follows: 84.4% came from agricultural organizations, 14.3% from households, 1.3% from peasant farms.

Pork production in 2016 by region

The Belgorod region, with a pork production volume of 450.7 thousand tons in slaughter weight and a share in all-Russian production of 19.1%, is in first place in January-September 2016 among the regions of the Russian Federation for this indicator. The growth compared to January-September 2015 was 4.1% or 17.8 thousand tons.

The Kursk region is in second place in terms of production volume with a share of 7.0% of the total pork production in Russia (165.7 thousand tons). In the Kursk region, compared to January-September 2015, production increased by 11.4% or 16.9 thousand tons.

The third place is occupied by the Tambov region - 110.6 thousand tons (4.7% of the total volume in Russia). The region also observed an increase in production volume compared to the same period in 2015 by 9.7% or 9.8 thousand tons.

In the Pskov region, with a share of 3.7% (86.2 thousand tons), the increase in pork production compared to January-September 2015 amounted to 46.9% or 27.5 thousand tons.

IN Voronezh region in January-September 2016, they produced 81.9 thousand tons of pork (3.5% of the total pork production in Russia). In the Voronezh region, compared to January-September 2015, production increased by 40.2% or 23.5 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions, the TOP 20 regions of pork producers in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 included:

6. Lipetsk region (production volume - 65.4 thousand tons, share in total pork production - 2.8%).

7. Chelyabinsk region(65.1 thousand tons, 2.8%).

8. Krasnoyarsk Territory (59.0 thousand tons, 2.5%).

9. Tver region (57.3 thousand tons, 2.4%).

10. Omsk region (54.5 thousand tons, 2.3%).

11. Republic of Tatarstan (54.1 thousand tons, 2.3%).

12. Krasnodar region (51.1 thousand tons, 2.2%).

13. Altai Territory (50.0 thousand tons, 2.1%).

14. Republic of Bashkortostan (45.8 thousand tons, 1.9%).

15. Rostov region (40.0 thousand tons, 1.7%).

16. Sverdlovsk region(38.6 thousand tons, 1.6%).

17. Bryansk region (38.1 thousand tons, 1.6%).

18. Stavropol Territory (36.4 thousand tons, 1.5%).

19. Republic of Mari El (36.0 thousand tons, 1.5%).

20. Novosibirsk region (34.8 thousand tons, 1.5%).

The total production of pork in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in regions not included in the TOP 20 amounted to 735.6 thousand tons (31.2% of total pork production).