By mid-summer 1942, the battles of the Great Patriotic War had reached the Volga.

The German command includes Stalingrad in the plan for a large-scale offensive in the south of the USSR (Caucasus, Crimea). Germany's goal was to take possession of an industrial city, the enterprises in which produced military products that were needed; gaining access to the Volga, from where it was possible to get to the Caspian Sea, to the Caucasus, where the oil necessary for the front was extracted.

Hitler wanted to implement this plan in just a week with the help of Paulus's 6th Field Army. It included 13 divisions, with about 270,000 people, 3 thousand guns and about five hundred tanks.

On the USSR side, German forces were opposed by the Stalingrad Front. It was created by decision of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command on July 12, 1942 (commander - Marshal Timoshenko, since July 23 - Lieutenant General Gordov).

The difficulty also lay in the fact that our side experienced a shortage of ammunition.

The beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad can be considered July 17, when, near the Chir and Tsimla rivers, the forward detachments of the 62nd and 64th armies of the Stalingrad Front met with detachments of the 6th German Army. Throughout the second half of the summer there were fierce battles near Stalingrad. Further, the chronicle of events developed as follows.

Defensive stage of the Battle of Stalingrad

On August 23, 1942, German tanks approached Stalingrad. From that day on, fascist aircraft began to systematically bomb the city. The battles on the ground also did not subside. It was simply impossible to live in the city - you had to fight to win. 75 thousand people volunteered for the front. But in the city itself, people worked both day and night. By mid-September, the German army broke through to the city center, and fighting took place right in the streets. The Nazis intensified their attack. Almost 500 tanks took part in the assault on Stalingrad, and German aircraft dropped about 1 million bombs on the city.

The courage of the Stalingrad residents was unparalleled. The Germans conquered many European countries. Sometimes they only needed 2-3 weeks to capture the entire country. In Stalingrad the situation was different. It took the Nazis weeks to capture one house, one street.

The beginning of autumn and mid-November passed in battles. By November, almost the entire city, despite resistance, was captured by the Germans. Only a small strip of land on the banks of the Volga was still held by our troops. But it was too early to declare the capture of Stalingrad, as Hitler did. The Germans did not know that the Soviet command already had a plan for the defeat of the German troops, which began to be developed at the height of the fighting, on September 12. The development of the offensive operation “Uranus” was carried out by Marshal G.K. Zhukov.

Within 2 months, in conditions of increased secrecy, a strike force was created near Stalingrad. The Nazis were aware of the weakness of their flanks, but did not assume that the Soviet command would be able to gather the required number of troops.

On November 19, troops of the Southwestern Front under the command of General N.F. Vatutin and the Don Front under the command of General K.K. Rokossovsky went on the offensive. They managed to surround the enemy, despite resistance. Also during the offensive, five enemy divisions were captured and seven were defeated. During the week of November 23, Soviet efforts were aimed at strengthening the blockade around the enemy. In order to lift this blockade, the German command formed the Don Army Group (commander - Field Marshal Manstein), but it was also defeated.

The destruction of the encircled group of the enemy army was entrusted to the troops of the Don Front (commander - General K.K. Rokossovsky). Since the German command rejected the ultimatum to end resistance, Soviet troops moved on to destroy the enemy, which became the last of the main stages of the Battle of Stalingrad. On February 2, 1943, the last enemy group was eliminated, which is considered the end date of the battle.

Results of the Battle of Stalingrad:

Losses in the Battle of Stalingrad on each side amounted to about 2 million people.

Significance of the Battle of Stalingrad

The significance of the Battle of Stalingrad is difficult to overestimate. The victory of the Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad had a great influence on the further course of the Second World War. She intensified the fight against fascists in all European countries. As a result of this victory, the German side ceased to dominate. The outcome of this battle caused confusion in the Axis countries (Hitler's coalition). A crisis of pro-fascist regimes in European countries has arrived.

Thematic lesson in the preparatory group on the topic: “Battle of Stalingrad. The city is the hero of Volgograd.”

Teacher of kindergarten No. 207 of the ANO DO “Childhood Planet “Lada”, Tolyatti, Samara Region.
Description of material: I bring to your attention a summary of a thematic lesson for children in the preparatory group of kindergarten. This methodological development may be useful for preschool teachers and parents.
Target: Expanding children's understanding of the events of the Great Patriotic War (Battle of Stalingrad) through reference to the heroic past of our country.
Tasks:
Educational:
1. Introduce preschoolers to the historical facts of the war years.
2. Replenish, expand and activate children's vocabulary.
Vocabulary:
1. Stimulate children’s speech activity.
2. Develop dialogical speech.
Educational:
1. Instill in children a sense of pride in their people and respect for veterans of the Great Patriotic War.
2. Foster a culture of verbal communication.
Preliminary work:
1. Conversation with children on the topic: “The Great Patriotic War”, on the topic “Battle of Stalingrad”.
2. Learning poetry with children;
4. Conducting drawing classes on the topic “Battle of Stalingrad”.
5. Reading stories from the series “Children about the war.”
6. Looking at pictures from the series “For preschoolers about the war.”
Methods and techniques of pedagogical activity: verbal (conversation, questions, story, reading poems), visual (showing photographs about the hero city of Stalingrad and photographs of the war years).
Equipment and material: Multimedia equipment: laptop; photographs of the war years, recording of the war song “Stalingrad”

Progress of the lesson

Guys, today we will talk about the hero city of Stalingrad.
- Stalingrad is a large city located on the right high bank of the Volga. The city was named in honor of I.V. Stalin - head of state. Now this city is called Volgograd because it stands on the Volga River.
- At the end of August 1942. Dozens of fascist tanks burst into Stalingrad, followed by cars and enemy infantry.
German bombers were circling over the city. They dropped thousands of bombs from the sky. The city was engulfed in flames. Thus began the attack on Stalingrad. But the Nazis failed to take the city on the move. The Germans were met with staunch resistance from the military garrison. On August 25, the command of the Red Army declared the city under siege.
Residents of the city were relocated to the left bank of the Volga.

From birth I have not seen the earth
No siege, no such battle.
The earth shook and the fields turned red -
Everything was burning over the Volga river.
- In September, the enemies began the assault on Stalingrad. The city gradually turned into ruins. Our infantrymen and sappers, supported by tanks, flamethrowers and bombers, fought for every house.
- Our Russian soldiers showed amazing courage and dedication while defending the city on the Volga.
- Let’s think about it and name the qualities that our soldiers possessed while defending their Motherland.
- Help me, call me.
- That's right, courage, masculinity, strength, endurance, bravery, bravery, agility, speed, accuracy.
- Our brave fighters fought for every street, for every house. They fought until the last bullet, until the last breath, until the last drop of blood!
“It was only thanks to their courage in those difficult conditions that our army was able to withstand the pressure of the fascists.
- The motto of the Battle of Stalingrad became the words: “Not a step back”!
- Let's all repeat the motto together and remember it.
- "No step back".
- Now Dasha will read a poem to us.
The river raged under the steel rain,
The city was enveloped in flames and smoke.
Let the bombs fall and the bullets whistle -
No step back! No step back!
Even metal and granite crumble here,
But the Russian fighter stands adamantly.
And the words of fire sound proudly:
- "No step back! No step back!"
V. Kostin.

- Sasha will recite a poem called “The Battle of Stalingrad”
The city is engulfed in flames,
Bombs and mines are exploding.
The city lies in ruins
But the soldier does not give up -
Fighting for Stalingrad!
Fights for every step
Fights for every home
Moans and blood all around,
Damn you, enemy!

In Stalingrad there is a house called Pavlov's house. Many of our soldiers died defending this house. The house never surrendered to the enemies, although only its walls remained. This house is named after Sergeant Pavlov, who defended it to the end. They did not restore it. Pavlov's house preserves the memory of a terrible war!

- In September 1942, especially fierce battles took place in the Mamayev Kurgan area.
- For 140 days the Nazis tried to capture Mamayev Kurgan. Its slopes were plowed with bombs, shells, and mines.
But the incredible happened on Mamayev Kurgan. The Nazis never managed to get down to its foot. It turned out to be impossible to knock out Soviet soldiers from behind the railway embankment that ran at the foot of the mound. There were only 700 meters left to the Volga! It was precisely these that the fascists could not pass on their way to domination over the world.

- November 19, 1942 The Red Army in the Stalingrad area dealt a crushing blow to the Nazis. Our troops, under the leadership of Generals Rokossovsky and Vatutin, went on the offensive. Our tanks swept away everything in their path.
- The Battle of Stalingrad ended with great success for the Red Army. The enemy was defeated. They lost 800 thousand people, 2 thousand tanks, 10 thousand mortars and 3 thousand aircraft.
- The German army led by Field Marshal Paulus was forced to surrender.
- On February 2, the Nazis fled!
- The Battle of Stalingrad lasted 200 days and nights. It became a turning point during the Great Patriotic War.
- Let us guys repeat it again and remember the dates of the beginning and end of the Battle of Stalingrad.
The Battle of Stalingrad began on July 17, 1942 and ended with our victory on February 2, 1943.

The war is long over
But Russian memory is alive.
And everyone knows, old and young:
The soldier won.
Both in distant cities and in close ones
Obelisks stand for the soldiers.
Anya Kostenko.

- And now, guys, let's listen to the war song “Stalingrad” (

- For the whole world, Stalingrad became a symbol of the defeat of fascism. And also - a symbol of a decisive battle that can determine the entire future fate of its participants.
- Guys, what did we talk about in class today?
- When did the Battle of Stalingrad begin?
- How did the capture of the city take place?
- What qualities helped Soviet soldiers defend their city?
- How many days did the Battle of Stalingrad last?
- How did the Battle of Stalingrad end?

- 70 years have passed... The hero city of Volgograd, it received this title for the heroism and courage of its defenders, rebuilt, flaunts on the banks of the Volga River.

- I would like to finish our lesson with another wonderful poem.
City of happiness and sun, you are beautiful again
And you stand majestically above the Volga.
Volgograd is our valor and our love!
Volgograd is our pride and glory!
V. Kostin

Target.Introduce children to the historical events of the Great Patriotic War: the defense of Stalingrad.

Tasks:

• Give children an idea of ​​the courage and heroism of the defenders of Stalingrad.
• To cultivate a sense of pride for one’s Motherland, one’s people, and a sense of compassion for those who suffered a difficult share during the war.
• Develop a caring attitude towards the history of your country.
• Develop observation, attention, memory, thinking.
• Let children understand what courage, a memorial, an obelisk, a horde, a horde are.

Material:Illustrations on the topic of the Battle of Stalingrad.

Songs: “Eternal Flame”, “Silence on Mamayev Kurgan”, “Holy War”.

Progress of the lesson. Do you want Peace?
Remember the war!
I would like to forget about her too,
Still hiding under the ashes
The fire of war, furious and angry.
While weapons are still in price,
Remember the war more often

The song "Holy War" is playing. Music by A. Alexandrov, lyrics by V. Lebedev – Kumach.

In the spring, our entire country will celebrate the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory.

A long time ago, when your grandfathers and maybe even great-grandparents were little, our country was attacked by an enemy - the German fascists. A mortal danger looms over the country. Screams, horror, death. The Nazis killed old people and children. This is how war came to our land. And there has never been a more terrible war than this. The war claimed more than 20 million lives. The entire people stood up to defend their Motherland. In those days the words were repeated:

Get up, huge country

Stand up for mortal combat

With fascist dark power

With the damned horde.

That is why the first victory over fascism - the victory at Stalingrad - was so important for the people.

1943 Stalingrad! (Show illustration of the beginning of hostilities.)

We say courage, but we mean the Battle of Stalingrad.

We say the Battle of Stalingrad, but we mean courage. They died from grenade bullets and sometimes froze to death.

Our soldiers died, died, in Stalingrad, near Kursk, Moscow.The great feat of Stalingrad is inscribed in golden letters in the history of our Motherland. It was from the walls of this city that the march of the Great Victory in the spring of 1945 began!!!

Active offensives by German troops forced the troops of the southwestern front to retreat beyond the Don, to Stalingrad, with heavy fighting. Superiority in forces and means was on the side of the enemy. The events that unfolded on the banks of the Volga attracted the attention of millions of people. Will the Red Army be able to break the back of Hitler's Army and stop the fascist invasion?

Soldiers went into battle across the Dnieper and Volga

Everyone fought for their native land.

On August 22, enemy aircraft launched a massive air strike on Stalingrad, carrying out 2 thousand sorties.

From birth I have not seen the earth
No siege, no such battle,
The earth shook
And the fields turned red,
Everything was burning over the Volga River.
In the heat, factories, houses, train stations,
Dust on the steep bank.
The voice of the Fatherland told him:
- Don't hand over the city to the enemy.
Russian soldier faithful to the oath,
He defended Stalingrad.
A. Surkov.

The city suffered terrible destruction, entire neighborhoods were turned into ruins, or simply wiped off the face of the earth.

Showing illustrations of German planes and destroyed buildings.

Children read poetry.

1. Volgograd - Stalingrad!

Souls of fallen soldiers

Everything is burning, there’s just nowhere to go

There are simply no awards

There are no awards in the world,

What is more worthy of the memory of the heart.

2. Volgograd - Stalingrad!

Private and battalion commander.

They lie here, regardless of rank.

Silently, people stand

The cranes will fly by

And purring, like a funeral service.

Can it be said that the people passionately loved their Motherland?

What words can you use to describe the people who defended Stalingrad?

Do you think the Red Army would have been able to win if they had not been friendly with each other?

Remember: we also need to stick together, help each other, be able to forgive, forget grievances.

Let's stand in a circle, hold hands and say the following words:

“The main thing is together. The main thing is to be friendly!

The main thing is with a heart burning in your chest!

We don't need indifferent people in our lives!

Drive away anger and resentment from your heart!

- THIS WILL MEAN THAT WE ARE INVICTABLE TOGETHER!!!

Everyone brought victory closer as best they could. And everywhere there were children next to adults. The children of Stalingrad were the first assistants in hospitals. They carried water, washed bandages (because there were not enough bandages for the wounded), helped the wounded: they sang songs to them, read books, dressed them, and more.

Show illustrations.

Children read poetry.

There were battles near Stalingrad

Heroes didn't give up

The losses were great

The soldiers were bleeding.

There are so few doctors, there is no room

And more and more wounded

And every infirmary is full

It seemed like there wasn't enough strength left.

And the grandfather with a horde of guys

We decided very quickly

Nurses need help

Provide them with clean water!

Didn't get tired all day

Children carried water.

When the fate of Stalingrad, and perhaps the fate of the war and victory, was decided not by hours, but by minutes, armored boats, pierced by shrapnel, broke through from behind the Volga. From them, the guardsmen of the 13th Infantry Division of General Rodimtsev threw themselves into the water and went into hand-to-hand combat against the enemy. After two days of deadly fighting, they stormed Mamayev Kurgan.

It was in February - the snowiest, whitest month of the Russian winter. But the land of Mamayev Kurgan was black then. The snow was black, mixed by explosions with the ground covered with a continuous layer of torn, twisted, burnt metal.

Quiet sunset time

A wing descended into the Volga

Oh you guys, guys!

How many of you died here?

In memory of all those who fell in the Battle of Stalingrad, a “MINUTE OF SILENCE” is declared. I ask everyone to stand up.

During the Battle of Stalingrad, Mamaev Kurgan became the site of the most fierce fighting. The defenders of Stalingrad called it the height of Russia. Here they took the oath “Not a step back! Stand to death! There is no land for us beyond the Volga!”

The city was harsh and hard

He withstood our Stalingrad

Remains dear to us forever

Native Stalingrad - Volgograd!

For 100 days and nights, the Nazis fought for this height, but were never able to capture it completely. The top of the mound changed hands many times, but everything remained in the hands of its defenders.

Listening to the song “Silence on Mamayev Kurgan” by A. Repin.

“All over Russia, obelisks, like souls, are torn from the ground” by R. Kazakov

Forgetting that bitter year is not close

We could never

Obelisks all over Russia

How souls are torn from the earth

…..They covered life with themselves, -

Those who barely began to live

So that the sky is blue,

There was green grass.

February 2 is the Day of Military Glory of Russia and is celebrated in our country as the day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943).

Centuries will pass, and the unfading glory of the valiant defenders of the Volga stronghold will forever live in the memory of the peoples of the world as the brightest example of courage and heroism unparalleled in history.

“The name of Stalingrad” is forever inscribed in golden letters in the history of our people.

On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the defeat of fascist troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad, our parents gave us all the illustrations that you saw in class, and also photos of the obelisks on the Mamayev Kurgan - to create an album - “Lessons of Courage”.

To the fallen

The entire globe is underfoot. I live. I'm breathing. I sing. But in memory it is always with me killed in battle. Let me not name all the names, there is no blood relatives. Isn't that why I live that they died? It would be blasphemous for me sad line that I'm getting old, that maybe death is near. I might not have lived for a long time: in battle, to the whistle and howl, could fall in the salty Sivash or somewhere near Ufa. But my peer fell there. If it weren't for him, who knows? would I return home hug the old mother. The kulak shot, blinding, I would extinguish my life at once, but it was not I who was killed in the steppe, where is the obelisk now? The country again called for heroism. The soldier's path is long. Bombs dug up black roadsides. I myself saw death firsthand. There was smoke coming from the craters; hot metal smell remembered alive. But still, many are at war the path was harder and Chernyakhovsky - not me - A shrapnel pierced my chest. It’s not me - covered in blood, half-dead, torn to pieces and stripped, - remained silent during Kosheva’s torture at the age of sixteen. Let me not name all the names, there is no blood relatives. Isn't that why I live that they died? I know what I owe them. And let not only verse, my life will be worthy their soldier's death.

1948 Stepan Shchipachev

LESSON OF COURAGE “Battle of Stalingrad. Defenders of the Fatherland"Content part

Teacher

Today we have an unusual lesson - a Lesson of Courage.

About whom do they say that “they are courageous, valiant, courageous, courageous...”?

(About heroic people, about defenders of the Motherland, about warriors.)

What holiday dates do you think we can talk about during the Lesson of Courage?

– This holiday has been celebrated for more than 90 years, although previously the holiday was called “Day of the Soviet Army and Navy” and we have been celebrating the Great Victory for 67 years.

Guys, we have done a lot of research work and in the lesson we will summarize what we learned about the Battle of Stalingrad, about the heroes during the war and in peacetime.

So, we will talk about the feeling of patriotism and about the patriots of our Motherland. Who are “patriots”? (People who passionately love their Motherland, who cherish, protect and increase its wealth.)

A story about the Battle of Stalingrad.

Student

We fell asleep thinking about you.

At dawn we turned on the loudspeaker,

To hear about your fate

Our morning began with you.

In the worries of the day dozens of times in a row,

Clenching our teeth, holding our breath, we repeated:

Take heart, Stalingrad!

Your suffering went through our hearts.

Hot flowed through our blood

The flow of your unimaginable fires.

We so wanted to stand shoulder to shoulder

And take at least some of the blows.

Librarian

In Hitler's Directive No. 41 of April 5, 1942, the goal was: to capture the industrial city of Stalingrad, whose enterprises produced military products (the Red October, Barricades, and Tractor factories); to reach the Volga, along which in the shortest possible time it was possible to get to the Caspian Sea, to the Caucasus, where the oil necessary for the front was extracted. Hitler planned to implement this plan with the help of Paulus’s 6th Field Army in just a week - by July 25, 1942.

On July 14, 1942, the Stalingrad region was declared under a state of siege by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The feat of the defenders of Stalingrad is known throughout the world. It was here that the future fate of the planet was decided in 1942-43. For the Nazis, this city had special significance not only as an important military-political, economic and transport center. They understood perfectly well that this symbolic city, bearing the name of Stalin, plays a key role in the patriotic consciousness of the people.

That is why they bombed it with such fury on August 23, 1942, and then attacked again and again. The Wehrmacht war machine choked on the banks of the Volga. The unprecedented feat of Soviet soldiers and officers, who stood to death for 200 days and nights, who said to themselves and others “There is no land for us beyond the Volga,” who broke the fascist onslaught, received a huge resonance in the world and became the beginning of the end of Hitler’s Germany.

On January 10, 1943, Soviet troops began an operation to destroy the enemy. By January 26, 1943, they divided the German fascist group into two parts. And January 31, 1943 Paulus surrendered along with his staff. February 2, 1943 The remnants of the German group at Stalingrad laid down their arms.

In total, 91 thousand were captured. German soldiers, 5762 guns, 1312 mortars, 1666 tanks were captured.

In the battle of Stalingrad, the Wehrmacht suffered irreparable losses of 1.5 million people, including on November 19, 1942. 800 thousand soldiers and officers, up to 2 thousand. tanks and assault guns, over 10 thousand. guns and mortars, about 3 thousand. airplanes. For the first time, a field marshal of the German army was captured. A 3-day mourning period was declared throughout Germany.

The victory at Stalingrad is a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War with Nazi Germany.

- “Moscow says, in the last hour our troops have completely completed the liquidation of the Nazi troops surrounded in the Stalingrad area...our troops were broken resistance of the enemy, surrounded north of Stalingrad and forced him to lay down his arms... On February 2, 1943, the historical battle of Stalingrad ended in the complete victory of our troops.”

IV.About the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad.

1 student

YAKOV FEDOTOVICH PAVLOV

The Motherland highly appreciated the heroism of the defenders of the “House of Pavlov”; their soldierly feat became a symbol of courage, perseverance and fraternal friendship of soldiers. All of them were awarded government awards, and Sergeant Ya.F. Pavlov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Slide show

2 student

MATVEY MEFODIEVICH PUTILOV

In one of the battles in mid-October, headquarters signalman Matvey Mefodievich Putilov performed an immortal feat. At the height of the battle, while repairing a damaged communication line, both his hands were crushed by a mine. Bleeding, he crawled to the rupture site and, losing consciousness, connected both ends with his teeth.

Slide show

3 student

MIKHAIL PANIKAHA

M.A. performed a heroic feat. Panic. A bottle of flammable liquid he lifted onto an enemy tank ignited when hit by a bullet. Covered in flames, he rushed to the German vehicle, smashed a second bottle on its armor and lay down on the tank’s armor. Dying, Panikakha destroyed the enemy tank and its crew.

Slide show

V.Children read poetry.

1 student

STALINGRAD

Soldiers and generals, pilots and tank crews,

Snipers and scouts - you can’t list them all.

"No step back!" - was their motto.

Every step forward was a step of heroes.

Each of them, without hesitation,

Took this great step

On whom the fate of Stalingrad depended,

The fate of the country...

2 student

STALINGRAD

S. Orlov

Open to the steppe wind,

The houses are broken.

At 62 kilometers

Stalingrad stretches out in length.

It's like he's on the blue Volga

He turned around in a chain and took the fight,

He stood front across Russia -

And he covered it all with himself!

3 student

HE DEFENDED STALINGRAD

A. Surkov

In the heat, factories, houses, train stations.

Dust on the steep bank.

“Don’t hand over the city to the enemy!”

Russian soldier faithful to the oath,

He defended Stalingrad.

Gulko rolled in the bloody darkness

The hundredth attack is coming.

Angry and stubborn, chest-deep in the ground,

The soldier stood to death.

He knew that there was no turning back -

He defended Stalingrad...

VI.Story about fellow countrywoman Valya Zaikina.

Teacher

While sorting through the archives of the Wehrmacht after the war, the writer Ovid Gorchakov came across documents from the Gestapo interrogation of our intelligence officers who were captured at Stalingrad.

1 student

He was struck by the steadfastness and courage of the young people with which they held up during interrogations by the Gestapo. They were shot at dawn. It was the MAXIM reconnaissance group, among which was our fellow countrywoman, a young 19-year-old girl, Valentina Zaikina. Valya Zaikina was born in the village of Vladimirovka, Astrakhan region (now the city of Akhtubinsk), studied at school No. 2, Valya completed 10 classes and after the graduation party she learned that the war had started.

2 student

In the city of Astrakhan, a special group was organized to train partisans, in which 450 people trained. Young guys learned parachute jumping, mastery of various types of weapons, subversive work, the art of capturing a “language,” radio engineering and other specialties.

3 student

Much of this training was later useful to young partisans in the battles of Stalingrad, in the battles on the outskirts of Astrakhan, and in the Kalmyk steppes. From this special school, 12 detachments of partisans were sent behind enemy lines. One of these detachments was the MAXIM group, which carried out reconnaissance work and radioed about the movement of the Germans towards Stalingrad, and also conducted active combat operations behind enemy lines.

Show photo. They were in the Maxim group.

4 student

The MAXIM group and other partisan groups trained in Astrakhan instilled fear in the enemy. The MAXIM group consisted of 15 people, showing courage and courage, they died heroically. Among them were Astrakhan resident Kolya Khavroshin, Volga guys Styopa Kiselev, Vanya Sidorov and our countrywoman Valya Zaikina and her comrade Kolya Kulkin.

5 student

The heroic partisan Valya Zaikina, captured and tortured by the Nazis, has a monument erected in the city of Akhtubinsk in front of her former school. School No. 2 and one of the city streets bear her name. At the intersection of Stalingradskaya and Pushkin streets there is a house with a memorial plaque in which Valya Zaikina lived.

Struck by the heroism of young people, the writer Ovid Gorchakov wrote the book “Maxim Doesn’t Get in Touch.”

6 student

“You are frozen in bronze and stone

Looking at us through time,

You paid with your life

For us to live now.”

“The war has passed, the suffering has passed,

But pain calls to people:

"Come on people, never

Let’s not forget about this!”

A. Tvardovsky

Showing photos at the monument to Valya Zaikina.

Teacher

An audio recording of the song “Victory Day” is played

Words V. Kharitonova

Music D. Tukhmanova

VII. Screening of a film about heroes - Akhtuba residents "A city looking up to the sky."

Teacher

- Is it only during war that we need to take care of and defend our homeland?

(Students' answers)

- Let's watch a video about the defenders of the Fatherland in peacetime.

“There are many places on the Volga that surprise with their beauty and some unique charm. One of such places in the Astrakhan region on the banks of the quiet Akhtuba river is the wonderful city of Akhtubinsk. The town is small, but known to all people passionate about Russian aviation.

Akhtubinsk is a city of aviators. Here, in peacetime, aviation equipment is tested and test pilots are trained. People give their strength and energy, and sometimes even their lives, to serving Russian aviation.

One of the favorite places of Akhtuba residents is the Icarus Wing memorial complex - this is a monument to the fallen testers.

Street names are the living history of the city. They bear the names of people who left a deep mark on the history of aviation and the flight testing institute.

5 twice Heroes and more than 100 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 16 Heroes of Russia served in Akhtubinsk, 6 of whom are currently serving.”

Teacher

Why are people called heroes?

What people glorified our city Akhtubinsk?

Do the city's residents remember their names?

Akhtubinsk is our small homeland. We are proud of our city and carefully preserve its history!

VIII.Result.

Who can be called the defender of the Fatherland?

Is it only during war that you need to defend your homeland?

What should a defender be like?

(Loyal, brave, courageous, courageous, strong, courageous, must love their homeland.)

What is the name of a person who has the personality traits you named?

(Patriot.)

I think that every person should love, take care and protect their homeland - that means being its patriot.

This human tragedy was almost lost in the background of a grand battle

The published book “Memoirs of the Children of Wartime Stalingrad” became a real revelation not only for the current generation, but also for war veterans.

The war broke into Stalingrad suddenly. August 23, 1942. Just the day before, residents heard on the radio that fighting was taking place on the Don, almost 100 kilometers from the city. All businesses, shops, cinemas, kindergartens were open, schools were preparing for the new school year. But that afternoon, everything collapsed overnight. The German 4th Air Force launched its bombing attack on the streets of Stalingrad. Hundreds of planes, making one approach after another, systematically destroyed residential areas. The history of wars has never known such a massive destructive attack. There was no concentration of our troops in the city at that time, so all the enemy’s efforts were aimed at destroying the civilian population.

Nobody knows how many thousands of Stalingrad residents died in those days in the basements of collapsed buildings, suffocated in earthen shelters, and burned alive in their houses.

“We ran out of our underground shelter,” recalls Gury Khvatkov, he was 13 years old. - Our house burned down. Many houses on both sides of the street were also on fire. Father and mother grabbed my sister and me by the hands. There are no words to describe the horror we felt. Everything around was burning, crackling, exploding, we ran along the fiery corridor towards the Volga, which was not visible because of the smoke, although it was very close. The screams of people distraught with horror could be heard all around. A lot of people gathered on the narrow edge of the shore. The wounded lay on the ground along with the dead. Above, on the railway tracks, wagons filled with ammunition were exploding. Train wheels and burning debris were flying over our heads. Burning streams of oil moved along the Volga. It seemed that the river was burning... We ran down the Volga. Suddenly we saw a small tugboat. We had barely climbed the ladder when the ship departed. Looking back, I saw a solid wall of a burning city.”

Hundreds of German planes, descending low over the Volga, shot at residents trying to cross to the left bank. Rivermen transported people on ordinary pleasure steamers, boats, and barges. The Nazis set them on fire from the air. The Volga became the grave for thousands of Stalingrad residents.

In his book “The Secret Tragedy of the Civilian Population in the Battle of Stalingrad” T.A. Pavlova quotes a statement from an Abwehr officer who was captured at Stalingrad:

“We knew that Russian people had to be destroyed as many as possible in order to prevent the possibility of any resistance after the establishment of a new order in Russia.”

Soon, the destroyed streets of Stalingrad became a battlefield, and many residents who miraculously survived the bombing of the city faced a difficult fate. They were captured by the German occupiers. The Nazis drove people out of their homes and drove them in endless columns across the steppe into the unknown. Along the way, they picked burnt ears of corn and drank water from puddles. For the rest of their lives, even among small children, fear remained - just to keep up with the column - those who lagged behind were shot.

In these cruel circumstances, events occurred that could be studied by psychologists. What perseverance a child can show in the struggle for life! Boris Usachev was only five and a half years old at that time when he and his mother left the destroyed house. The mother was about to give birth. And the boy began to realize that he was the only one who could help her on this difficult road. They spent the night in the open air, and Boris dragged up straw to make it easier for his mother to lie on the frozen ground, and collected ears and ears of corn. They walked 200 kilometers before they managed to find a roof - to stay in a cold barn in a village. The kid walked down the icy slope to the ice hole to fetch water and collected firewood to heat the barn. In these inhuman conditions, a girl was born...

It turns out that even a young child can instantly realize what a danger that threatens death is... Galina Kryzhanovskaya, who was not even five years old at the time, recalls how she, sick, with a high fever, lay in a house where the Nazis ruled: “I remember how one the young German began to swagger at me, bringing a knife to my ears and nose, threatening to cut them off if I moaned and coughed.” In these terrible moments, not knowing a foreign language, the girl realized by one instinct what danger she was in, and that she should not even squeak, let alone shout: “Mom!”

Galina Kryzhanovskaya talks about how they survived while under occupation. “From hunger, my sister and I’s skin was rotting alive, our legs were swollen. At night, my mother crawled out of our underground shelter and made her way to the garbage pit, where the Germans dumped scraps, scraps, and intestines...”

When the girl was bathed for the first time after suffering, they saw gray hair in her hair. So from the age of five she walked with a gray lock.

German troops pushed our divisions towards the Volga, capturing the streets of Stalingrad one after another. And new columns of refugees, guarded by the occupiers, stretched to the west. Strong men and women were herded into carriages to be taken as slaves to Germany, children were driven aside with rifle butts...

But in Stalingrad there were also families who remained with our fighting divisions and brigades. The front line passed through streets and ruins of houses. Caught in disaster, residents took refuge in basements, earthen shelters, sewer pipes, and ravines.

This is also an unknown page of the war, which the authors of the collection reveal. In the very first days of the barbaric raids, shops, warehouses, transport, roads, and water supply systems were destroyed. The food supply to the population was cut off and there was no water. I, as an eyewitness to those events and one of the authors of the collection, can testify that during the five and a half months of defense of the city, the civil authorities were not given any food or a single piece of bread. However, there was no one to extradite - the leaders of the city and districts immediately evacuated beyond the Volga. No one knew whether there were inhabitants in the fighting city and where they were.

How did we survive? Only by the mercy of the Soviet soldier. His compassion for hungry and exhausted people saved us from hunger. Everyone who survived the shelling, explosions, and whistling bullets remembers the taste of frozen soldier’s bread and brew made from millet briquettes.

Residents knew what mortal danger the soldiers were exposed to, who, on their own initiative, set off across the Volga with a load of food for us. Having occupied Mamayev Kurgan and other heights of the city, the Germans sank boats and boats with targeted fire, and only a few of them reached our right bank at night.

Many regiments, fighting in the ruins of the city, found themselves on meager rations, but, seeing the hungry eyes of children and women, the fighters shared the last with them.

Three women and eight children were hiding in our basement under a wooden house. Only the older children, who were 10-12 years old, came out of the basement to get porridge or water: women could be mistaken for scouts. One day, I crawled into the ravine where the soldiers’ kitchens stood.

I waited out the shelling in the craters until I got to the place. Soldiers with light machine guns, boxes of ammunition, and rolling guns were walking towards me. I determined by the smell that behind the dugout door there was a kitchen. I stomped around, not daring to open the door and ask for porridge. An officer stopped in front of me: “Where are you from, girl?” Hearing about our basement, he took me to his dugout on the slope of a ravine. He placed a pot of pea soup in front of me. “My name is Pavel Mikhailovich Korzhenko,” said the captain. “I have a son, Boris, who is your age.”

The spoon shook in my hand as I ate the soup. Pavel Mikhailovich looked at me with such kindness and compassion that my soul, constrained by fear, became limp and trembled with gratitude. I will come to his dugout many more times. He not only fed me, but also talked about his family, read letters from his son. It happened that he talked about the exploits of the division’s soldiers. He seemed like a native person to me. When I left, he always gave me briquettes of porridge with him for our basement... His compassion will become my moral support for the rest of my life.

Then, as a child, it seemed to me that war could not destroy such a kind person. But after the war, I learned that Pavel Mikhailovich Korzhenko died in Ukraine during the liberation of the city of Kotovsk...

Galina Kryzhanovskaya describes such a case. A young fighter jumped into the underground where the Shaposhnikov family—a mother and three children—was hiding. “How did you live here?” – he was surprised and immediately took off his duffel bag. He put a piece of bread and a briquette of porridge on the trestle bed. And he immediately jumped out. The mother of the family rushed after him to say thank you. And then, before her eyes, the soldier was killed by a bullet. “If he hadn’t been delayed, he wouldn’t have shared bread with us, maybe he would have managed to slip through a dangerous place,” she later lamented.

The generation of wartime children was characterized by an early awareness of their civic duty, a desire to do what was in their power to “help the fighting Motherland,” no matter how pompous it sounds today. But such were the young Stalingrad residents.

After the occupation, finding herself in a remote village, eleven-year-old Larisa Polyakova and her mother went to work in a hospital. Taking a medical bag, every day in the cold and blizzard Larisa set out on a long journey to bring medicines and dressings to the hospital. Having survived the fear of bombing and hunger, the girl found the strength to care for two seriously wounded soldiers.

Anatoly Stolpovsky was only 10 years old. He often left his underground shelter to get food for his mother and younger children. But the mother did not know that Tolik was constantly crawling under fire into the neighboring basement, where the artillery command post was located. The officers, having noticed enemy firing points, transmitted commands by telephone to the left bank of the Volga, where the artillery batteries were located. One day, when the Nazis launched another attack, the telephone wires were torn apart by an explosion. Before Tolik’s eyes, two signalmen died, who, one after another, tried to restore communication. The Nazis were already tens of meters from the checkpoint when Tolik, putting on a camouflage suit, crawled to look for the place of the cliff. Soon the officer was already transmitting commands to the artillerymen. The enemy attack was repulsed. More than once, at decisive moments of battle, the boy under fire reconnected the broken connection. Tolik and his family were in our basement, and I witnessed how the captain, giving his mother loaves of bread and canned food, thanked her for raising such a brave son.

Anatoly Stolpovsky was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” With a medal on his chest, he came to study in his 4th grade.

In basements, earthen holes, underground pipes - everywhere where the inhabitants of Stalingrad were hiding, despite the bombing and shelling, hope glimmered - to live to see victory. This was also the dream of those who were kidnapped by the Germans from their hometown hundreds of kilometers away, despite the cruel circumstances. Iraida Modina, who was 11 years old, talks about how they met the Red Army soldiers. During the days of the Battle of Stalingrad, their family - a mother and three children - was driven into a concentration camp barracks by the Nazis. Miraculously, they got out of it and the next day they saw that the Germans had burned the barracks along with the people. The mother died from disease and hunger. “We were completely exhausted and resembled walking skeletons,” wrote Iraida Modina. – There are purulent abscesses on the heads. We could hardly move... One day, our older sister Maria saw a horseman outside the window with a five-pointed red star on his hat. She opened the door and fell at the feet of the entering soldiers. I remember how she, in a shirt, hugging the knees of one of the fighters, shaking with sobs, repeated: “Our saviors have come. My dear ones! The soldiers fed us and stroked our shorn heads. They seemed to us the closest people in the world.”

The victory in Stalingrad became an event on a planetary scale. Thousands of welcoming telegrams and letters arrived in the city, and wagons loaded with food and building materials arrived. Squares and streets were named after Stalingrad. But no one in the world rejoiced at the victory as much as the Stalingrad soldiers and the residents of the city that survived the battles. However, the press of those years did not report how difficult life remained in the destroyed Stalingrad. Having got out of their wretched shelters, the residents walked for a long time along narrow paths among endless minefields, burnt chimneys stood in the place of their houses, they carried water from the Volga, where the smell of corpses still remained, and they cooked food over fires.

The entire city was a battlefield. And when the snow began to melt, the corpses of our and German soldiers were discovered in the streets, in craters, factory buildings, everywhere where there were battles. It was necessary to interred them.

“We returned to Stalingrad, and my mother went to work at an enterprise that was located at the foot of Mamayev Kurgan,” recalls Lyudmila Butenko, who was 6 years old. “From the first days, all the workers, mostly women, had to collect and bury the corpses of our soldiers who died during the assault on Mamayev Kurgan. You just have to imagine what the women experienced, some who became widows, and others who waited every day for news from the front, worrying and praying for their loved ones. In front of them were the bodies of someone’s husbands, brothers, sons. Mom came home tired and depressed.”

It’s hard to imagine this in our pragmatic times, but just two months after the end of the fighting in Stalingrad, volunteer construction teams appeared.

It started like this. Kindergarten worker Alexandra Cherkasova offered to restore the small building on her own in order to quickly accommodate the children. The women took up saws and hammers, plastered and painted themselves. Voluntary brigades that raised the destroyed city for free began to be named after Cherkasova. Cherkasov brigades were created in broken workshops, among the ruins of residential buildings, clubs, and schools. After their main shift, residents worked for another two to three hours, clearing roads and removing debris by hand. Even children collected bricks for their future schools.

“My mother also joined one of these brigades,” recalls Lyudmila Butenko. “The residents, who had not yet recovered from the suffering they had endured, wanted to help restore the city. They went to work in rags, almost all barefoot. And amazingly, you could hear them singing. Is it possible to forget something like this?

There is a building in the city called Pavlov's House. Being almost surrounded, the soldiers under the command of Sergeant Pavlov defended this line for 58 days. There was an inscription on the house: “We will defend you, dear Stalingrad!” The Cherkasovites who came to restore this building added one letter, and it was inscribed on the wall: “We will rebuild you, dear Stalingrad!”

With the passage of time, this selfless work of the Cherkasy brigades, which included thousands of volunteers, seems to be a truly spiritual feat. And the first buildings that were built in Stalingrad were kindergartens and schools. The city cared about its future.

Special for the Centenary

Target: Introduce children to the historical events of the Great Patriotic War for the liberation of Stalingrad from the fascist invaders.

Tasks:

1. Give children an idea of ​​the courage and heroism of the defenders of Stalingrad;

2. To cultivate a sense of pride for one’s Motherland, one’s people, a sense of compassion for those who suffered a difficult share of the war;

3. Develop a caring attitude towards the history of your country and its heritage;

4. Develop curiosity, observation, attention.

Preliminary work: excursions to the museum, to the monument - memorial to fellow countrymen - Heroes of the Soviet Union in the central park; organization of an exhibition of books, paintings, photographs about the Battle of Stalingrad.

Material and equipment: projector and screen for viewing slides; sounds of battle, song about Volgograd.

Progress of the lesson.

Children, today is a significant day in the history of our Motherland, our region, our hometown of Volgograd - 70 years since the victory in the terrible battle of Stalingrad. Stalingrad was the name of Volgograd during the Great Patriotic War. This victory was won by our army over the fascist invaders on February 2, 1943. (Displayed on the time axis of the war period).

The Nazis attacked our country and wanted to conquer all our cities, villages, all people, all our land. (Showing on the world map the border where the conquerors came from). They gathered a huge army, thousands of tanks and planes, and began to bomb cities, kill people, burn houses. Our entire country rose up to fight the fascist invaders. Men and very young boys went to the front to defend our Motherland, their children and mothers, with arms in hand. Women and girls went to the front with them.

They served as nurses and doctors, treated the wounded, were radio operators and transmitted messages along the entire front, they even served as drivers and pilots and flew airplanes and bombed enemy fortifications.

In factories and plants, where tractors, car parts, and children's toys were made before the war, tanks began to be produced, and they immediately left the factory for the front, making shells and grenades to defeat the Nazis. Women and teenagers worked alongside men in factories.

A fighting cry appeared on the streets: “Everything for the front! Everything for victory!

(View slides on screen)

And the fascist troops were getting closer and closer to Stalingrad. In August 1942, enemy planes made about 1,700 sorties in one day and brutally bombed the city. Walls of residential buildings and factory buildings collapsed, people died. About 40 thousand people died these days. Black smoke from fires and tongues of flame enveloped the city. But our soldiers did not give up.

“We won’t give up the city!” - the Stalingraders took an oath. "No step back!" - they said.

The river raged under the steel rain,

The city was enveloped in flames and smoke.

Let the bombs fall and the bullets whistle -

No step back! No step back!

Even metal and granite crumble here,

But the Russian fighter stands adamantly.

And the words of fire sound proudly:

- "No step back! No step back!"

V. Kostin.

The Nazis sought to capture the city in order to strike the capital of our Motherland, Moscow, from here. A mortal danger looms over the city. The fate of the entire country depended on the outcome of this battle.

From birth I have not seen the earth

No siege, no such battle.

The earth shook and the fields turned red -

Everything was burning over the Volga river.

(Slide view)

There were battles for every street, every house, every floor of a house. Our soldiers defended every meter of their hometown, their native land. It was very difficult for them to win, there were many fascists, and they did not want to retreat. In difficult battles, many soldiers died, thousands were wounded, but our soldiers stood firm.

For every house, but there were no houses -

Charred, terrible remains,

For every meter, but to the Volga from the hills

The tanks were crawling with a drawn-out howl...

And there were only meters left until that water.

And the Volga grew cold from trouble.

The whole country watched with bated breath the outcome of this terrible battle. All the people helped the soldiers as best they could. Women and girls knitted and sent woolen socks and mittens and warm clothes to the front. Stalingrad was defended with all their might - trains with weapons, food, and ammunition were coming in an endless stream.

Where was Stalingrad once?

The stove pipes were just sticking out.

There was a thick and gray stench,

The earth groaned from the pain.

They fought to the death as best they could,

We couldn't look for a more reliable place.

“There is no land for us beyond the Volga!”

Like an oath, it was often repeated.

The courage of the defenders of the heroic city on the Volga helped them withstand all the trials. Soviet soldiers kept their oath, they defended Stalingrad! Many of them died, but did not surrender to the enemy. The words “Fight to the death!” had a direct meaning here - our soldiers fought for the city for 200 days, and in January 1943 they liberated it from the Nazis. On February 2, 1943, the Battle of the Volga ended in our victory.

The huge city lay in ruins. Residential buildings, schools and kindergartens, hospitals and theaters were destroyed. City streets, squares and courtyards were torn apart by explosions, dug up by trenches, and littered with the rubble of collapsed buildings. Everywhere you look there are broken guns, planes, tanks, cars...

(Slide view)

As soon as the fighting ended, people began returning to the city. They congratulated each other on the victory, hugged and cried with joy, thanked the soldiers and officers for the liberation of the city.

On February 4, a rally took place on the Square of Fallen Fighters. Both soldiers and city residents gathered here. The famous heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad - Marshals Chuikov, Rodimtsev, Shumilov - spoke before them.

City residents, adults and children, began clearing the rubble. The surviving buildings were converted into housing.

70 years have passed... The hero city of Volgograd, it received this title for the heroism and courage of its defenders, rebuilt, flaunts on the banks of the Volga River.

(Slide view)

Wonderful residential buildings, schools and kindergartens, theaters and hospitals, factories and factories have been built here, gardens and parks have been laid out.

As a sign of gratitude and respect, in memory of the heroic history of the city, monuments to the defenders of the Stalingrad land were erected in many places in our region. People bring flowers to their feet to bow to the ground to those who gave their lives so that we could live. So that our children rejoice in every day that comes, and do not shudder from the roar of shells and do not cry from hunger and fear. Guys, name the monuments that are in our village.

The war is long over

But Russian memory is alive.

And everyone knows, old and young:

The soldier won.

Both in distant cities and in close ones

Obelisks stand for the soldiers.

Anya Kostenko.

Children, do you know the most important monument to the defenders of Stalingrad? Yes, this is Mamayev Kurgan. The land, soaked in the blood of heroes, is sacred to us. To commemorate the victory over the Nazi troops, a majestic monument of eternal glory to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War was erected on Mamayev Kurgan.

(View slides). Impressions of children who visited Mamayev Kurgan.

An artillery salute thunders over the city every year in honor of the victory. Day and night the Eternal Flame burns at the sacred graves of the defenders of the hero city of Volgograd. They gave their lives for their Motherland, for victory, for our happiness. I propose to honor the memory of those who died in the war with a minute of silence.

City of happiness and sun, you are beautiful again

And you stand majestically above the Volga.

Volgograd is our valor and our love!

Volgograd is our pride and glory!

V. Kostin.

Many poets and composers sang the feat of the defenders of Stalingrad in poetry and songs.

The song is “Song about the hero city of Volgograd”, author V. Derbisher.