Stylistically neutral synonym. Stylistically neutral synonym Stylistically neutral synonym

Methodological development. Master class in Russian language. Stylistically neutral synonyms (OGE for grade 9) Preparation for the OGE in grade 9.

Author: Abolmasova Larisa Ivanovna, Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 5”, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia.
Description: I offer you a master class in the Russian language that will help prepare 9th grade graduates for the final certification. Using the example of analysis of task No. 6 of the OGE, this material clearly demonstrates the possibilities of preparing for the exam for the entire test part. This master class will be useful for high school students in preparing for various independent, olympiad and examination works in the Russian language and literature.
Decor: projector, screen for presentation.
Subject: Stylistically neutral synonyms (task 6) (Slide 1)
Target:
1. Repeat and consolidate knowledge on the topic.
2. Show the synonymous richness of the Russian language.
3. Create conditions for
acquaintance with neutral synonyms;
improving skills in working with lexical synonyms;
the ability to select stylistically neutral synonyms;
preparation for passing the OGE.
Progress of the lesson
1.Introductory remarks.
-Greetings, friends!
The topic of my master class: “Stylistically neutral synonyms.”
- We will repeat the theory, then we will learn to distinguish between types of synonyms, as well as select stylistically neutral synonyms, i.e. We will do the work that each of you will need to do in the exam.
2.Approximate wording of the task: (Slide 2)
Replace the colloquial word "lanky" from sentence 30 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(26) And this book... (27) Kolka, I would give you the entire library! (28) Yes, we would give everything to you... (29) But only you burned in a tank near Kandahar when I was in my second year at university. (30) Pain has become my inseparable companion, it looks at me through the eyes of a lanky eighth-grader and patiently reminds me: human life is short, so never regret what you can give, never take away what is asked of you. Write this synonym.

From experience I can say that this is one of the most difficult OGE tasks in the Russian language. First, let's repeat the theory.
3. Main theoretical part.
-Let's remember what synonyms are?
The term “synonym” came into Russian from Greek, synonymos in translation means “of the same name.” That is, these are words that differ noticeably in sound, but are identical or similar in meaning. It should also be noted that most synonyms belong to the same part of speech, although they often differ in stylistic coloring. For example, the word “look” has the following synonyms: “look”, “gaze”, “stare” and others. (Slide 3).
-Why are synonyms needed?
As you know, the Russian language is wide, diverse and beautiful. That is why, when writing any text, it is recommended to avoid repetitions by using substitute words, that is, synonyms. Thus, their main function is to increase the expressiveness of writing and speech, as well as to avoid their monotony.
-What is the stylistic coloring of synonyms?
It should be especially noted that, despite the fact that synonyms always indicate the same concept and have exactly the same lexical meaning, they still differ in expressive coloring, attachment to a certain style and frequency of use. For example, the words “look” and “look” are lexical synonyms, but belong to different speech styles:
“look” - does not have an expressive connotation, that is, neutral;
“look” - has a connotation of bookishness, sublimity;
“to stare”, “to stare” refer to colloquial vocabulary, that is, they have a reduced stylistic connotation (Slide 4).
-What is a stylistically neutral synonym?
Stylistically neutral synonym- this is a word that is in no way attached to a specific style of speech (colloquial, bookish, colloquial), against the background of which it is completely devoid of any stylistic coloring (Slide 5).
-Let's compare: (Slide 6)
Moan Cry
Salary Salary
Gaze Gaze
Stunning Amazing
Crave Want

In which column do the words have no stylistic connotation? Of course, in the second column.
4. Practical part.
1) -You repeated the theory. Now let’s try to choose stylistically neutral synonyms for the highlighted words: (Slide 7)
Dashing(Human)
Father's everything revered
It was lies.
Taste food
Start off again.

Test yourself: (Slide 8)
Dashing (person) - daring
Everyone revered and respected their father
It was a lie - a lie
Taste the food - try it
Starting again - all over again, again
-Now let’s return to the task formulated above and select a stylistically neutral synonym for the word “lanky,” that is, “tall.” This word will be the answer to this exam task. (Slide 9)
-It is important to remember that the resulting synonym must be written in the same form as the original word.
2) Before you are the OGE test tasks, complete them and write down the words you receive. (Tasks are printed on separate sheets of paper).
3) Check the answers received: (Slide 10)
1. I pretended.
2. Refuse.
3. Raised.
4. Hit.
5.I'm simple.
6.More convenient.
7. Take action.
8. Wore.
9. Students.
10. Essay.
11. Knocked.
12.Very.
13.Old.
14. It should have been.
15. Riddle.
16. I will release you.
17.If.
5. Final part.
- So, we tested the knowledge of the theory, consolidating it with examples. You did a great job. Thanks for the work! I wish you all creative success!

APPLICATION.
Handout.
1. Replace the colloquial word PRETENDED in sentence 14 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(13) So, our cat Murka had wings, and at night she flew out the window. (14) And my sister’s dog, old and fat, only pretended to be a dog, in fact she was a toad, and I alone knew it. (15) But the people around me were not who they seemed... Write this synonym.

2. Replace the book word DENY in sentence 8 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(7) This ancient fortune-telling, however, both came true and did not come true. (8) The saber, indeed, predetermined my path in life, but I did not renounce book wisdom either. (9) At the age of fourteen, he enthusiastically read and wrote poetry, at fifteen he switched to Anna Karenina, and at sixteen he read and analyzed everything with his comrades. (10) But, fortunately, he did not become a drunkard. Write this synonym.

3. Replace the colloquial word POZADIRALI in sentence 21 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(20) And I stood with my head raised and looked, and so did Alyonka. (21) And many adults turned their heads back to watch the ball fly, to examine it. (22) And he kept flying, kept getting smaller. (23) So he flew past the top floor of a large brick house, and someone leaned out of the window and waved after him, and he was even higher, higher than the antennas and pigeons... (24) And then he was gone. Write this synonym.

4. Replace the colloquial word DATED from sentence 13 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
- (9) Of course! - the boy muttered angrily. - (10) I’ll soon run away from home completely. (11) I’ll run away because of Lenka alone. - (12) Pavlik clenched his fists. - (13) I almost gave her a hard time just now! (14) Doesn’t give any paint! (15) And how much do you have?
Write this word.

5. Replace the colloquial word EASY from sentence 5 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(5) It was a firefly - a little insect, and he sang his simple song about what he saw: a beautiful picture of the sunset, a beautiful sky, a green sea of ​​grass, silver tears of dew and love. (6) He sang about the love of life.
Write this synonym

6. Replace the word HANDLE in sentence 10 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(7) I asked my dad to buy me a leather punching bag. (8) And mom suddenly took out a huge teddy bear from somewhere, threw it on the sofa and said:
- (9) Why not a pear?
(10) I placed Mishka on the sofa so that it would be easier for me to train against him and develop the power of the blow.
Write this synonym

7. Replace the colloquial word OPERATE in sentence 4 with a stylistically neutral synonym word.
(3) They made a funny acquaintance - a ballet fan with a former ballerina. (4) Mom grabbed the broom from the old lady and began to use it, scolding Tatyana Lvovna:
- (5) Well, what are you doing, huh? (6) Or don’t girls come here?
Write this synonym

8. Replace the colloquial word TASKAL in sentence 3 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(3) I carried him everywhere and didn’t even leave him in the crib.
Write this synonym.

9. Replace the book word PETS from sentence 9 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(8) At the end of the first blockade winter, they were found by the head of the studio R.A. Varshavskaya. (9) Like other employees of the Palace of Pioneers, she, only recently discharged from the hospital, went to the surviving addresses to find her pets. (10) Before the war, Anichkov Palace was a fairy-tale children's kingdom, and now it was again preparing to welcome children. Write this synonym.

10. Replace the term OPUS in sentence 39 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
- (36) Do you have anything new for the piano? – he suddenly asked, changing his tone. - (37) Well, lay it out...
(38) I opened my briefcase. (39) I gave him the opus that I composed last week. (40) I really liked him myself. (41) Vladimir Konstantinovich began reading again.
Write this synonym

11. Replace the word KOLOTIL in sentence 7 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(5) Pele was an unusual cat. (6) He did not allow himself to be stroked. (7) He abruptly turned over on his back, firmly grasping his hand with his front paws, and beat with his hind paws like a drummer hare. (8) This left long scratches on the hand caught in the claws. (9) The scratches healed quickly, but new ones immediately appeared. (10) Friendship with cats was a test. (11) However, the cat allowed me to tickle myself under the chin.
Write this synonym

12. Replace the colloquial word HEALTHY in sentence 19 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(15) Knowing very well how difficult it is to be alone, Venka decided to go to Pashka on his own.
(16) At the school cafeteria, Venka bought a couple of buns with cranberry filling. (17) For the sake of such an occasion, you can even sacrifice your father’s pen. (18) Who else will bring this to Vint?
(19) Vint was very happy with Venka and spent a long time introducing him to the guys in the ward:
- (20) Look! (21) This is Venka... from my class! (22) Friend!
Write this synonym

13. Replace the colloquial word Antediluvian in sentence 10 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(9) Then we lie on the logs and, squinting, look at the Volga. (10) You can lie there for hours and watch how the rafts float somewhere, how the oil stains glisten, how the antediluvian steamboat puffs, slapping its wheels. (11) And I lie and watch. (12) But Igor says that he is tired of idleness.
Write this word

14. Replace the bookish word SHOULD in sentence 1 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(1) On the table in the room there were tattered and torn books, and I had to, using glue, a pack of tissue paper, newspapers and colored pencils, glue the torn pages, attach the torn ones to the middle, strengthen the spine and cover, and then wrap the book in newspaper, on which should have been glued to a piece of blank paper with the name and surname of the author written in beautiful block letters.
Write this synonym

15. Replace the colloquial word STAG in sentence 18 with a stylistically neutral synonym.
(18) Jazz, of course, is great, but here’s the catch: I can’t sing alone.
Write this synonym

16. Replace the colloquial word RESCUE from sentence 12 with a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.
- (12) I’ll free you now! - he shouts, as if the dog understands him.

17. Replace the colloquial word ONCE in sentence 34 with a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.
– (33) Friends are harder to find than to lose.
- (34) If you can lose it, it means this is not such a friend!

Explanation.

15.1 Famous philologist N.M. Shansky said: “Using the example of a complex sentence, one can trace how a person expresses the relationship between the world and his own point of view.” To construct a meaningful sentence from individual words, you need to change them, connect them with each other, and arrange them in a certain order. There is no doubt that thinking and speech are closely interconnected; speech is an indicator of the level of intellectual and spiritual development of a person: the lower the level of human development, the poorer his speech. Of course, the use of complex sentences in speech also indicates that a person knows how to competently and harmoniously formulate a statement, and, therefore, he thinks consistently and logically.

Let's analyze the grammatical structure of the language in the text by Mikhail Chvanov. The text is complex in terms of syntax: many complicated sentences, complex syntactic constructions, complex sentences. So, sentence No. 18 (The whole next day I was thinking about Sharik, trying to convince myself that I wasn’t really to blame for what happened: where could I have taken him then, because I myself didn’t know where to end up.) is a complex syntactic construction, consisting of in which the parts are connected by a non-union and allied subordinating connection, and the subordination of subordinate clauses in a sentence is both consistent and heterogeneous, which allows you to formulate a thought succinctly, consistently, and logically.

Sentence 39 (Jumped out to never again part with the most devoted friend in my life) is also complex. Subordination allows us to draw a conclusion in this sentence about why the narrator jumped off the bus.

Mastery of grammatical rules for constructing sentences allows their author to attract attention and make an impression with a special form of narration. Thus, Shansky’s conclusion that a complex sentence helps to show the relationship between the world and our perception of it is justified.

15.2 Sometimes we do things that we later feel ashamed of. It happens that some action dramatically changes our life, and it turns out that before it you seemed to have lived wrong. This is stated at the end of Mikhail Chvanov’s text: “I jumped out so that I would never again part with the most devoted friend in my life...” The hero-narrator realized that he could not betray the dog a second time, so he made the only right decision: to get off the bus .

The hero of the text is a kind and sympathetic person. Returning to his native village revives in him the ability to make friends and be grateful, hidden somewhere deep in his soul, which is why he is ashamed of his action. In sentences 17-19 we find confirmation of this: “I was ashamed. (18) The whole next day I thought about Sharik, tried to convince myself that I wasn’t really to blame for what happened: where could I take him then, because I myself didn’t know where to put myself. (19) But he was your best friend!” The hero is trying to find a way out of this situation. Now he can no longer, as the first time, justify himself, leave, betraying his friend.

There is another example of friendship in the text. The dog Sharik also knows how to truly make friends and be loyal. It is impossible to read without tears how she is ready to say goodbye to her owner - she forgives him: “His eyes immediately dimmed, as if a handful of ash had been thrown into them, but he overpowered himself, wagging his drooping tail in understanding...” (sentence 33)

Someone famous said: “Good does not need justification.” And that's probably right. If you do the right things, then you won’t have to make excuses later. This is what the ending of Mikhail Chvanov’s text is about.

15.3 Kindness is the manifestation of sincere, kind feelings towards someone. Kind people are compassionate and able to give care and love to others without demanding honor or reward. At the sight of misfortune, a good heart becomes upset and a need arises to provide help with advice, deed, and sympathy. In my opinion, kindness is one of the irreplaceable qualities of a person, because without good deeds coming from the heart, a person will cease to be a Human.

Reading an excerpt from a story about a meeting between a man and his childhood friend, the dog Sharik, you worry with excitement: will he really leave like that, won’t his heart tremble? Will he really not feel the pain and despair of a faithful friend who has already experienced a separation for many years? And how a stone falls from the soul when you read “I jumped out so that I would never again part with the most devoted friend in my life...” This means that a Man has a heart, and it could not remain indifferent at the sight of a drooping dog, and this is the heart of a kind person. Now there will be two more happy creatures in the world, because good deeds bring happiness to both the one who performs them and the one for whom they are performed.

I have a friend, she is a teacher, the author of a famous blog for preparing for exams. But few people know that she is not only an excellent teacher, but also a kind-hearted person who is not indifferent to the fate of animals abandoned to their fate. It is she who is trying to give homes to kittens and puppies who, for some unknown reason, ended up in her building in the middle of winter; she is the one who writes advertisements and takes photographs of the foundlings in order to quickly find the little ones a home. And this Man needs nothing but a feeling of joy for having managed to save the lives of pets. I really want to say words of gratitude to such people for their kind heart and big soul.

Popular wisdom says: “Life is bad for those who do no good to anyone.” This means that if we want to live well, then we need to do good. And then our goodness, given to someone, will certainly return to us, will pay off a hundredfold and will continue to travel around the world. And may the chain of good deeds never be interrupted!

(1) Tuzik the deceiver pretended to be a well-mannered and amiable dog during walks, looked around importantly, proudly puffed up his eyebrows like a major general.

2.Replace the word “somehow” in sentence 1 with a stylistically neutral synonym.

(1) One evening we were walking along the dacha highway, and I kept Tuzik on a leash just in case.

Replace the word “invaded” in sentence 8 with a stylistically neutral synonym.

(1) The chairman of the collective farm, a former front-line soldier Tynaliev, appeared at the door of the classroom, accompanied by the head teacher. (2) Those who came said hello.

-(3)3hello! - the class answered them. (4) There was a wary silence.

- (5) Did anything happen? - the teacher asked, her voice choked with excitement.

“(6) Nothing bad happened,” Tynaliev immediately reassured her. - (7) I have a conversation with the guys. (8) And for intruding into the lesson without warning, I’m sorry, they weren’t allowed,” he nodded towards the elderly head teacher.

“(9) Yes, the conversation is important,” the head teacher confirmed. - (10) Sit down, guys. (according to Ch. T. Aitmatov)

Replace the word “throws” in sentence 2 with a stylistically neutral synonym.

(1) There is a lot of noise in the kitchen, everyone is buzzing - you can’t make out anything. (2) The tall carpenter picks me up, throws me up to the ceiling, presses me against his wet, hot beard, and shoves a pink gingerbread cake in shag dust into me.

Replace the word “you will stand” in sentence 6 with a stylistically neutral synonym.

15 (1) The first winter of the war... (2) In the freezing classroom the wind blows all the time from the window, you can even hear the wind whistling furtively in the cracks of the frame, it’s really cold on the right side of the window. (3) You will have to endure. (4) The teacher herself transplanted him here, to the window. (5) “You,” he says, “are Sultanmurat, the strongest in the class. (6) You will survive.”

Replace the word “terrible” in sentence 4 with a stylistically neutral synonym.

16- (1) “You know, I liked this Ninochka,” said Kolya. “(2) She suddenly whispered to me when I was leaving: “Why didn’t you come earlier?” (3) And in such a voice, with reproach! (4) It seems to me that she is terribly kind.

Replace the word “retribution” in sentence 9 with a stylistically neutral synonym.

(1) Tyoma walked along the neatly cleared paths of the garden, inhaling the freshness of the beginning summer morning, and looked around with pleasure. (2) Suddenly his heart began to beat strongly with joy. (3) Dad’s favorite flower, with which he had been fussing so much, finally bloomed. (4) How happy Tema will be with this news to his father! (5) The boy leans towards the flower to get a better look at it, and loses his balance... (6) Everything is destroyed! (7) Why is he so unhappy? (8) Why does he always want so well, but everything turns out so bad and disgusting? head

Replace the word “thirsty” in sentence 4 with a stylistically neutral synonym.

(1)Night. (2) Tyoma sleeps nervously and excitedly. (3) He dreams that he is lying on a sandbank of the sea and is waiting for a large cold wave to roll over him. (4) But instead of cold, that living cold that Tema’s body, inflamed from the onset of fever, so craves, the wave bathes it in some kind of suffocating heat.

TASK 12

SUBJECTS ACCORDING TO SPECIFICATION: “PUNCTUATION ANALYSIS. PUNCTUATION MARKS IN COMPLEX AND COMPLEX SENTENCES"

Exercise: Identify the indicated punctogram in a fragment of text (commas between parts of a complex sentence).

In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between the parts of a complex sentence connected subordinating communication

They silently gave her the letters and funeral. Anna Fedotovna felt each piece of paper, (1) made sure, (2) that they were genuine, (3) carefully put them in a box and said:

- Boy, (4) put the box in its place. And close the drawer tightly, (5) so that I can hear.

NEED TO KNOW

Complex are called complex sentences, and whose parts are equal in content and connected by coordinating conjunctions (AND, YES, NEITHER... NOR; ALSO, ALSO; A, BUT, YES, THEN, HOWEVER; OR, EITHER, THEN... THAT..., NOT THAT... NOT THAT...) and intonation: The captain stopped the ship, and everyone began to ask to go for a walk (V. Bianchi). The semantic relationships of the parts of a complex sentence are determined by the conjunctions by which they are connected. Based on conjunctions and meaning, complex sentences are divided into three groups:

Ø with connecting unions and, yes (=and), neither - nor, too, also. They list phenomena that occur simultaneously or follow one another: My head was spinning And from spring, And from youth, And from success (V. Vampilov).

Ø with dividing unions or (il), either, then - that, not that - not that, either - then l And. They indicate the alternation of phenomena or the possibility of one phenomenon out of two or more: Or in the stirrup of yoga, or head on a stump (Proverb).

Ø with adversarial conjunctions a, but, yes (=but), however, but. In sentences with these conjunctions, one phenomenon is contrasted with another: Learning is the root of bitterness, A its fruit is sweet. (Proverbs).

If there is a common minor member in a complex sentence, then a comma is not placed before the conjunction And . A fire is burning in the garden and strongly wafting the fragrant smoke of cherry branches.

Complex subordinates is a sentence that consists of two syntactically unequal parts: the main and subordinate parts. Parts of a complex sentence are combined using subordinating conjunctions, allied words, and intonation.

Remember that the subordinate part is attached to the main part with the help of conjunctions and allied words. Subordinating conjunctions and allied words are found in the subordinate clause of a sentence. The subordinate clause can refer to a specific word or phrase, to a grammatical stem, or to the entire main clause. You can pose a question from the main part to the subordinate part.

TASKS

Assignment: write down the number(s) indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence:

1. I shuddered, (1) climbed under the sheet, (2) and the interrupted sleep continued. The final and irrevocable awakening came at the moment, (3) when, along with a tub of water, thunder and lightning, (4) ejected by my grandmother, fell on my sinful head.

2. – You may (1) have to open the skull, (2) it could be a tumor... – Look, (3) “open the skull”! - cried the grandmother. - This is not a pumpkin for you! Son, (4) get up, (5) otherwise he will really drive you into the grave!

3. I remember (1) we built a collective farm mill, (2) outside the village, (3) and let our river flow through a gutter. It fought, (4) the water fought, (5) and still couldn’t move the wheel - it wasn’t strong enough. Then we brought up the second branch of the river, (6) and things started to go!

4. At least (1) Kintel was immediately captivated by the sad and bright music, (2) and so was the girl herself. Kintel looked at the young violinist, (3) and his heart sank in sweet melancholy.

5. Now this tank cemetery does not exist. It is plowed and sown, (1) and the iron scrap of war has long been swallowed up by open-hearth furnaces. The smallpox potholes from mines and land mines were leveled and smoothed out, (2) and only mass graves remained on the hills. Uncle Sasha, (3) sometimes visiting the fields with a gun, noticed (4) how the tractor drivers sidestep the plows, (5) leaving the red bald patches among the arable land untouched..

6. Walking is easy, (1) even fun. The load hardly presses on the shoulder, (2) and sparkling blueberry beads play near the mouth. You can lick one or two with your tongue, (3) but for some reason I don’t want to yet...

7. From here the brightly lit windows of the lower floor of the new four-story building, (1) where Varya lived, were clearly visible. Heading home, (2) Varya can’t avoid the crossing, (3) and Lyoshka will immediately notice her, (4) but she won’t.

8. And, (1) whenever I opened my eyes, (2) you were always near me, (3) and the night light was burning in the room, (4) and you looked at me with your sunken eyes, (5) as if from the darkness , (6) she herself is all quiet and bright, (7) as if in vestments.

9. And, (1) of course, (2) the key keeper willingly let Misha go on all four sides, (3) and even set him up as an example to the others. Three months passed (4) and Mishka began to be packed for departure to Belgorod. Maria Timofeevna walked around in tears: Misha is not yet seven, (5) and he is going to a strange, distant city and will be there alone. In Belgorod, Misha Shchepkin spent almost four years (6) studying history and languages ​​- Latin and French.

10. There was no trace of another, (1) and the remaining one was a pitiful sight: scorched and one-sided, (2) with a thick ugly trunk, (3) rotten with a clumsy crack-hollow, (4) it is unclear how it held several powerful branches

11. I’m leaving the fair, (1) having bought something and sold something, (2) having found something, (3) having lost something, (4) I don’t know, (5) I’m in profit or at a loss, (6) but my chaise does not creak under the load of antique junk.

12. His passion delighted me, (1) and in his struggle for the purity of language he often went overboard. He, (2) for example, (3) demanded, (4) that the word must be kind, (5) helpful.

13. Everything in this piece of endless savannah was good for the leopard, (1) and, (2) bypassing his possessions, (3) the owner jealously ensured that (4) no one dared to challenge his rights to this “sacred” territory .

14. Perhaps (1) in the second half of the twentieth century people no longer dream of peace, (2) but still we long for peace of mind, (3) in which only creative rest and beneficial rest in any other activity are possible, ( 4) necessary for society.

15. Lanterns hung above both doors, (1) and in the evenings they burned, (2) dimly illuminating the inside of the horsebox, (3) candles.

16. She left, (1) mercilessly, (2) her narrow felt boots creaked subtly under the window, (3) and after her departure a restless, (4) mixed smell of frost and fresh, frosty fur remained in the room.

17. In my inescapable curiosity and playfulness, I looked at these incomprehensible pictures, (1) straight lines drawn, (2) took a bottle of ink, (3) carefully poured it over the entire project, (4) and the paint flooded the drawing.

Exercise: Write down the number(s) indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence:

1. In the sentence below from the text read, all punctuation marks are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts.

A great goal embraces the whole person, (1) is reflected in his every action, (2) and one cannot think (3) that a good goal can be achieved by bad means.

2. In the sentence below from the text read, all punctuation marks are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence.

3. complex offers.

I believe (1) that a person should have one rule in life, (2) in his goal of life, (3) in his principles of life, (4) in his behavior: one must live life with dignity, (5) in order to remembered (6) so that it would not be ashamed to remember.

4. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts complex offers.

Gradually, children become objects of increasingly higher care and themselves begin to show real and broad care - not only about the family, (1) but also about the school, (2) where parental care placed them, (3) about their village, (4) city and the country...

5. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts.

A self-respecting person will never throw mud at other people, (1) his country, (2) no matter what happens, (3) because (4) he feels that he belongs to it and is responsible for everything (5) that happens here .

6. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts complex sentence.

People (1) whom he once respected, (2) whom he trusted, (3) may turn out to be hypocritical and cruel narcissistic natures, (4) ready to sacrifice conscience and honor for the sake of their own success.

7. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts complex sentence.

Having performed some necessary mathematical operation in your mind, (1) you will be able to respond to the offense with greater dignity, (2) which will be the more noble, (3) the less importance you attach to the offense.

8. parts of a complex sentence.

And I really want to hope (1) that someday in the future the concepts of honor and conscience throughout the world will be the same, (2) uniting in different countries now and those (3) that existed before, (4) but have not reached ours time.

9. In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts complex sentence.

Until the 18th century, Russia was guided by the Domostroy set of rules, (1) which were based on strict class division, (2) the subordination of the younger to the older, (3) the lower to the higher.

10. In the sentence below from the text read, the punctuation marks are numbered. Write down the numbers used to indicate punctuation marks separating main and subordinate parts of a complex sentence.

Seeing (1) how others successfully use their abilities and available opportunities, (2) strain all their strength, (3) measure their strength with fate and jump above their heads - (4) a reasonable occupation for a worthy person.

REPETITION.

1. Replace the phrase "stepped carefully", built on the basis of adjacency, a synonymous phrase with the control connection. Write the resulting phrase.

2.Replace the phrase "Bulgarian dances", built on the basis of agreement, a synonymous phrase with communication management. Write the resulting phrase.

3. Replace the phrase "cranberry juice

4. Replace the phrase "bicycle racing", built on the basis of management, is a synonymous phrase with the coordination connection. Write the resulting phrase

5. Replace the phrase "swimming pool

6.Replace the phrase "night walk", built on the basis of agreement, a synonymous phrase with the connection adjacency. Write the resulting phrase.

7.Replace the phrase “ re-read with fascination", built on the basis of control, a synonymous phrase with the connection adjacency. Write the resulting phrase.

8.Replace the phrase “ strive hard", built on the basis of adjacency, a synonymous phrase with the control connection. Write the resulting phrase.

9.Replace the phrase "Mom's vase" built on the basis of agreement, a synonymous phrase with communication management. Write the resulting phrase.

10.Replace the phrase “ about cranberry cake", built on the basis of agreement, a synonymous phrase with communication management. Write the resulting phrase.

11.Replace the phrase "in my father's office", built on the basis of management, a synonymous phrase with the coordination connection. Write the resulting phrase.

12.Replace the phrase "plaid plaid", built on the basis of management, a synonymous phrase with the coordination connection. Write the resulting phrase.

INDEPENDENT HOMEWORK

Assignment: write down the number(s) indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence:

1. In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between:

Varenka stuck a needle into her sewing and turned her head towards the door, (1) it seems, (2) guessing in advance, (3) who should enter. (M. Avdeev)

2. In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

And the ship was getting closer. Black, (1) stocky, (2) like a rock, (3) he still seemed small for this river, (4) lost in its bright plain, (5) although his roar, (6) like a hurricane, (7) shook the cedars on the mountains. (R. Fraerman)

3. In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

At first, Reshetnikov simply looked at the sunset, (1) wondering, (2) how he hadn’t noticed all its beauty before. But soon vague, (3) elusive thoughts floated in an unclear sequence in his head under the low, (4) powerful hum of engines, (5) solemn, (6) like an organ chord. (L. Sobolev)

4. In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

Lieutenant Ogarkov, (1) riding a white horse, (2) overtook the soldiers walking along the road and soon passed a small hill, (3) on the slope of which half-naked people, (4) sweating, (5) were digging a new defensive line. (E. Kazakevich)

5. In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

I had to spend the night in haystacks in October, (1) when the grass at dawn is covered with frost, (2) like salt. I dug a deep hole in the hay, (3) climbed into it and slept all night in a haystack, (4) as if in a locked room. (K. Paustovsky)

6. In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

Olya was slightly shorter than me. She had blond long hair, (1) braided in one thick braid, (2) and gray stern eyes. When Olya smiled, (3) this severity instantly disappeared. (E. Kokovin)

7. In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

And suddenly there was a smell of a cold draft in the hall. The examiners' faces stretched out, (1) some of them winced, (2) and Ulyanov discovered (3) that no one was looking at him anymore. Everyone's gaze turned over his head, (4) to (5) where the entrance to the hall was. (N. Grigoriev)

8. In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

The train was heading in a southwestern direction, (1) there, (2) where the climate is, (3) natural, (4) milder, (5) although winter had not yet given up its positions. (S. Vashentsev)

9. In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

Here, (1) in the servants’ room, (2) I definitely found myself, (3) finally, (3) in my own society, (4) instantly found a foothold in myself, (5) decided, (6) that I wouldn’t come here anymore I’ll come, (7) and kissed Aksyusha with all my heart. (M. Prishvin)

10. In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

A large sailing ship, (1) that was standing in the roadstead, (2) raised the anchor, (3) set a tiny sail, (4) like a handkerchief, (5) and rushed to the port, (6) through the gate: it could not withstand the weather. (B. Zhitkov)

Exercise: Write down the number(s) indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence:

11. .

The goal is distant and unrealistic, (1) but the crime is real; (2) it is terrible and cannot be justified by anything.

12. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) in a complex sentence(s).

When I was at school, (1) and then at the university, it seemed to me (2) that my “adult life” would be in some completely different environment, (3) as if in a different world, (4) and I would be surrounded by completely different people.

13. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts complex offers.

I believe (1) that each person has his own specific mission, (2) but not everyone fulfills this mission.

14. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts complex offers.

A person is born, (1) and the first care for him is the mother; (2) gradually (after a few days) the father’s care for him comes into direct contact with the child (before the birth of the child, there was already care for him, (3) but it was before to a certain extent “abstract” - (4) parents were preparing for the birth of a child, dreaming about him).

15. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts.

Respect is (1) a strengthening of a Person, (2) and for an individual this is not always pleasant.

16. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts compound sentence.

You avoid communicating with this person, (1) but it turns out that (2) your resentment will turn against you.

17. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts compound sentence.

This is if they “offend” you, (1) but what should you do, (2) when you yourself can offend another?

18. In the sentence below from the text read, all punctuation marks are numbered. Write down all the numbers indicating punctuation marks that separate .

But, (1) like everyone else, (2) the era of the Middle Ages passed, (3) and other times came, (4) completely different ones, (5) and with them the meaning of honor changed.

19. In the given sentence of the read text, the commas are numbered. Write down the number that indicates the punctuation marks separating parts of a compound sentence.

Yes, good manners can be very external, (1) but in general, good manners are created by the experience of many generations and mark the centuries-old desire of people to be better, (2) to live more conveniently and beautifully.

20. In the sentences below of the read text, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts compound sentence.

The Renaissance changed morals and manners, (1) and people began to be interested in art, (2) fashion and each other.

What are stylistically neutral synonyms? . and got the best answer

Answer from Svetysia[expert]
Stylistic synonyms are words that are identical in meaning and different in stylistic coloring or have different spheres of use. For example: a piece (of a film) (jarg), an excerpt (neutral), a fragment (book); cancel (neutral), abolish, annul (book);
We define this or that word as a stylistic synonym when compared with the corresponding stylistically neutral word, therefore, in each pair of stylistic synonyms or in a series there will certainly be a stylistically neutral word.
Stylistic synonymy is widespread among words of all parts of speech, for example: wolf - biryuk, lips - lips, forehead - forehead, rooster - cocking, crimson - crimson, naked - naked, love - amorous, real - real, sleep - rest, eat - eat, cold - cold, this - this, than - rather than, how - exactly, so that - in order, etc.
Unlike semantic synonyms, among stylistic synonyms there is a large number of nouns with a specific meaning, since the same specific object in different eras in different places of its distribution could receive different names.
Stylistic synonyms are extremely heterogeneous.
Among the stylistic ones, subgroups are distinguished: a) according to the sphere of use (neutral, bookish, colloquial, vernacular), commonly used ones are divided into dialectal, professional, slang. b) according to their expressive-stylistic coloring, neutral and commonly used ones are distinguished (poetic, colloquial, folk poetic, dialectivisms). c) according to the activity of use (obsolete (archaisms), active, new).
Semantic-stylistic synonyms
Semantic-stylistic synonyms are words and their equivalents that denote the same phenomenon of objective reality and differ not only in stylistic coloring, but also in shades of common meaning for each of them. Semantic-stylistic synonyms would be, for example, the words: horse - nag.
For example: “The well-fed horses, shaking their cut tails, threw and splashed them with snow scraps” (Sholokhov); “The horse, an old broken nag, covered in soap, stood rooted to the spot” (M. Gorky). The word nag means “weak” skinny, sick horse”; as an emotionally charged word, nag and stylistically contrasted with the neutral word horse.
The words go and trudge are also synonyms. They mean the same action, only the word go is stylistically neutral, the word trudge is colloquial and, in addition to the general meaning, contains additional shades: to trudge is to walk with difficulty, slowly, barely moving your feet.
To work and to pore are synonyms, only the word to pore as a colloquial word is opposed to the stylistically neutral word to work and differs from it in shades of meaning: to pore is to work painstakingly and diligently, overcoming difficulties, mainly performing small, labor-intensive work. For example: “But my father was busy, poring over, driving around, writing and didn’t want to know anything” (Turgenev).
The general meaning of the words enemy, foe is one who is in a state of enmity with someone. In the word enemy the meaning of hostility and intransigence is expressed more strongly than in the word foe. The word foe has a stylistic connotation, it is bookish, somewhat outdated; the word enemy is cross-style. The general meaning of the words fear, coward is to experience a feeling of fear, fear. In the word coward, in addition to indicating the feeling of fear and timidity, there is also a shade of contempt for the one who experiences this feeling. To be afraid is a stylistically neutral word, to be cowardly is a colloquial word. Wed: “Don’t you think that I’m afraid of you?” (Pushkin); “The people around him kept quiet: they were either cowardly or laughing” (Turgenev); “He didn’t seem himself. With his usual intelligence, he, of course, guessed that Pugachev was dissatisfied with him. He cowered in front of him, and looked at me with distrust” (Pushkin).
Syntactic synonyms are parallel syntactic constructions that have different structures, but have the same meaning.

Answer from Alina Samyatkina[master]

Answer from Yoman Seyfiev[active]
Syntactic synonyms are parallel syntactic constructions that have different structures, but have the same meaning.

Answer from Ora Petrash[active]
Words that are used in all styles of language without exception and are characteristic of both oral and written forms of speech are called stylistically neutral.
For example, in a group of synonymous words: “face”, “face” and “face” the word “face” will be stylistically neutral.
Consequently, in relation to the word “invaded” (from the group of book vocabulary), the synonym “penetrate” will be stylistically neutral

What is a stylistically neutral synonym? You will find the answer to this question in the materials of this article.

General information about synonyms in Russian

Before talking about what a stylistically neutral synonym is, you should find out why such words are needed at all.

The term “synonym” came into Russian from Greek, synonymos in translation means “of the same name.” That is, these are words that differ noticeably in sound, but are identical or similar in meaning. It should also be noted that most synonyms belong to the same part of speech, although they often differ in stylistic coloring.

Let's give an example: husband - spouse, look - look, happy - joyful, here - here, beautiful - beautiful, homeland - fatherland and others.

Why are synonyms needed?

We’ll talk a little further about how to replace a word with a stylistically neutral synonym. Now I would like to tell you why they are generally necessary in oral and written speech.

As you know, the Russian language is wide, diverse and beautiful. That is why, when writing any text, it is recommended to avoid repetitions by using substitute words. Thus, their main function is to increase the expressiveness of writing and speech, as well as to avoid their monotony.

When synonyms are used, they should not be confused with nominal definitions. After all, the latter represent complete identity.

Classification of synonyms

Absolutely each synonym has its own peculiarity and a certain shade of meaning, which significantly distinguishes it from other similar parts of speech. Let's give an example: crimson - crimson, red - scarlet and others.

It should be especially noted that, despite the fact that synonyms always indicate the same concept and have exactly the same lexical meaning, they still differ in expressive coloring, attachment to a certain style and frequency of use. Moreover, there are also synonyms that simultaneously differ from each other in both expressive coloring and lexical meaning.

In Russian, synonyms are classified according to:

• Social assessment of any subject. For example, the synonyms “salary” and “salary” reflect completely different attitudes towards the remuneration received for work.
• Designated objects. For example, the synonyms “actor”, “buffoon”, “artist”, “comedian” and “actor” reflect different attitudes towards the profession of an actor and different periods in the development of the theater.
• Applicability in a certain style of speech. Thus, the synonyms “horse”, “mare” and “horse” cannot always be used in the same text. Let's give an example: “A very proud horse is galloping” - “A very proud mare (horse) is galloping.” As you can see, substituting another word that is similar in meaning gives the phrase a comical tone. To prevent such cases, it is better to use a stylistically neutral synonym. We will tell you what this is a little lower.
• Etymological meaning. As a rule, it gives one of the synonyms a special coloring. For example, the traits “fearless” and “brave” link the general concept of “lack of fear” (in the first case), as well as “bravery”, “determination” and “daring” (in the second). In this regard, these words can be used in context as opposite in meaning, that is, as antonyms.
• The absence or presence of figurative meanings.

Stylistically neutral synonym

Now you know what synonyms are and why they are needed in the text. As mentioned above, such words are classified according to their applicability in a certain style of speech. That is, even words that are very close in meaning cannot always be used in the same text. That is why in the Russian language there is such a thing as a stylistically neutral synonym. This term refers to words that are used in absolutely all styles without exception. Moreover, they can be used not only in writing, but also in oral speech.

To make the presented definition more clear to you, we will give a specific example. What stylistically neutral synonym can replace the word “little face”? As you know, it has quite a lot of different substitutes (for example, “face”, “muzzle”, “face”, “face” and others). However, only one thing acts as a neutral, which can be suitable for any style - “face”.

Stylistically neutral words in the text

A stylistically neutral synonym is a word that is in no way attached to a specific bookish, colloquial style), against which it is completely devoid of any stylistic coloring.

Here are some examples:

• The word “wander” is a neutral analogue in comparison with the book “wander” and the colloquial “wander”, “stagger”.
• “Future” is a neutral synonym compared to the book “future”.
• The word “look” is compared to “glance”.
• The word “eyes” is compared to “eyes”.

Stylistic affiliation

As you know, the Russian language has several styles:

• colloquial;
• artistic (book);
• journalistic;
• official business;
• scientific.

Each of the listed styles has its own characteristics, which are used both in written and oral speech. But in order to diversify an artistic, official business or any other text, you should definitely use substitute words when writing or pronouncing it. Of course, in a scientific or journalistic article it is not recommended to use, for example, a word such as “blurts out.” It must be replaced with a stylistically neutral synonym if it is not possible to choose another, more suitable concept that would correspond to a particular text. The same rule must be followed in other cases when a word is not entirely suitable for a particular letter or article.

So, let's consider a specific situation where it is necessary to eliminate the word “blurs out”. A stylistically neutral synonym for this expression is “will tell.” By the way, when choosing substitute words, you should definitely pay attention to the meaning of the original one in a particular context. For example, the word “blurts out” has several meanings:

• “speak”, “say”, “express”;
• "to get something dirty."

If for the first case we selected a suitable neutral stylistic synonym (“will tell”), then in the second it is just as easy to do. For example, if the text was about someone “blotting a blot on paper,” then this expression can be replaced by the following: “dropping a drop on paper.”

Examples of stylistic affiliation

In order to consolidate knowledge of what a neutral stylistic synonym is, more time should be devoted to practical exercises. In our case, we will give several examples where substitute words should be selected in a particular text.

Art style

How can we replace the word “impressed”? The following may well serve as a stylistically neutral synonym for this expression: “sympathized”, “respected”, “liked”. Here are a few more examples:

• “cancel”, “abolish” - “cancel”;
• “progress” - “improvement”;
• “foe” - “enemy”;
• “fragment” - “excerpt”;
• “to rest” - “to sleep.”

Conversational style

Here are a few more examples:

• "sleep" - "sleep";
• "confusion" - "vanity";
• “to force” - “to put on airs”;
• "nag" - "horse";
• “eat” - “eat”, “eat”;
• "beg" - "beg";
• "rip off" - "rob";
• "roar" - "cry".

Scientific style

It differs from the others not only in that it has a logical sequence of presentation, but also in that it contains a huge number of specific terms, that is, phrases or words that denote concepts of a special activity or any field of knowledge. In this regard, when creating such a text or preparing oral speech, the need to use neutral synonyms very often arises. It should be especially noted that finding the right substitute words in a scientific article is not always easy. After all, each term has its own special meaning, which is quite difficult to express in any other way. Although there are often concepts that have many neutral synonyms. Let's look at some of them:

If in a scientific article any narrowly focused term is not replaced by a neutral stylistic synonym, then it is better to use it in the form in which it is presented. By neglecting this advice, you can significantly distort the meaning of the text, which ultimately will easily mislead the reader and also contribute to further errors in any practical activity.

Formal business style

This style is very often used during verbal communication at official receptions. It should also be noted that this area covers jurisprudence, international relations, economics, advertising, the military industry, government activities, communication in official institutions, and so on.

In order to correctly deliver your speech during a public speech in any organization, it is extremely important to use the correct neutral stylistic synonyms in order to avoid tautology.

Let's look at a few examples of how you can replace terms and concepts that are actively used in official business style:

• "administration" - "bosses";
• "contract" - "agreement", "document", "paper";
• "credit" - "loan";
• "advance" - "prepayment";
• "diplomat" - "politician", "briefcase";
• “copy” - “copy” and others.

Journalistic style

This type of style is used in the following genres: essay, article, reports, interviews, feuilleton, oratory, pamphlet and others. It is characterized by the presence of logic, emotionality, appeal, evaluativeness, as well as socio-political vocabulary. Among other things, the journalistic style quite widely uses phraseological units, neutral concepts, solemn and high vocabulary, verbless phrases, emotionally charged words, rhetorical questions, short sentences, chopped prose, repetitions, exclamations, and so on.

It should be especially noted that such linguistic and speech features are used in completely different topics, namely in politics, economics, education, healthcare, criminology, and military topics.

It is quite easy to find neutral synonyms for concepts that are actively used in journalistic style. After all, the vocabulary in it has a pronounced expressive and emotional coloring. In addition, it often includes colloquial, slang and colloquial elements. Moreover, in this style, terms that are characteristic of an official business or scientific style are often used. Although in journalism such vocabulary has a special function, which is to create a picture of events and then convey impressions of it to the reader or viewer.

So, here are a few examples of how you can choose neutral synonyms for words that are especially often used in journalistic style:

• “an incredible event” - “an interesting event”;
• "citizen" - "resident";
• "state" - "country";
• “a thunderstorm of unprecedented force” - “a very strong thunderstorm”;
• "natural disaster" - "catastrophe";
• “a problem has arisen” - “a problem has appeared” and others.

As mentioned above, they are characterized by emotionally charged expressions that will somehow make an impression on the viewer, reader or listener. For example, for greater effect and impact on a person, the word “scary” (a stylistically neutral synonym) is often replaced by journalists with such pumping statements as “creepy”, “unknown”, “alarming”, “fearful”. By using these words, correspondents can attract the attention of more viewers than with the banal, unemotional and neutral counterparts that were presented above.

Let's sum it up

As you may have noticed, there is nothing difficult in choosing a neutral stylistic synonym for a specific word. It should also be noted that thanks to such expressions, you can easily compose literate texts and your oral speech, which will be pleasant to read or listen to.