Conjugation of the verb estar. Verbs Ser and Estar - features of use. To express a quality or physical characteristic

Now our task is to describe not only all kinds of objects around us, but also people in different faces. We can say The door is white, The houses are tall, but so far we lack a small amount of knowledge to make sentences such as You are tall, We are Spanish, You are smart. Knowledge of personal pronouns covered in the last section will also not be enough for this. You can't just attach a pronoun to an adjective and say Tú alto or nosotros españoles - that would be a big mistake. In this case, you must use the verb to be - Ser.

Set expressions using the verb estar

Since all five conjugations are different, we do not need to include a pronoun unless we want or need clarification or emphasis. Think of it this way: Spanish conjugate verbs are two words in one. For this reason, Latinos rarely use subject pronouns with their verbs. "Yo soya" means "I am." "Soya" means "I am." Only soybean is shorter, so soybean is what people say.

We'll cover all of this in another lesson! It means "to be" and is mainly used for. Identification and description Origin. . Spanish verbs have five conjugations, and each conjugation is two words in one. Ser is such an important verb. Remember this, in the same way - tell them with me: “soya, ere, es, somos, son.” Soy, ere, es, somos, son.

Note: While in Russian we don’t say I am Russian, you are beautiful, in Spanish the verb ser (to be) must be present.

However, when composing sentences, it is necessary to conjugate this verb correctly, that is, put it in the necessary forms, since the verb ser is modified in different persons.

Here are examples of correct sentences in different persons:

After watching this video, students should be able to. Differentiate between infinitives and conjugate verbs Recognize the three types of Spanish verbs. Explain why Spanish conjugate verbs should not be used with pronouns. List five conjugations of Spanish verbs. . We will also explore its basic meanings and the expressions in which this verb can be used. It's usually the very first verb we learn to introduce ourselves and talk about citizenship, profession, and a variety of other subjects.

Ser is a special verb in the sense that it is completely different in each tense, but also because of its many meanings and uses. Let's look at its pairing first. All of them, with the exception of the second and third person singular, hold - from the stem.

Yo soy ruso - I'm Russian
Tú eres español - You are Spanish
Nosotros somos amigos - We are friends

As can be seen from the examples, the verb ser has completely different forms in each person. Each form must be remembered well and be able to apply correctly. Below we present a table with the conjugation of the verb ser, which you need to know by heart.

yo-soy tú-eres el-es ella-es usted-es nosotros/as - somos vosotros/as - sois ellos-son ellas-son ustedes-son

Yo soy Jose Tu eres medicine El es americano Ella es americana Usted es professor Nosotros somos españoles Vosotros sois estudiantes Ellos son amigos Ellas son amigas Ustedes son muy amables

Translations of forms of the verb ser and sentences can be viewed by hovering the mouse cursor.

Let's look at how to conjugate ser in the present simple tense with a helpful table. When forming the future in Spanish, we always take the infinitive and add endings that fit each person. Let's look at its most common uses.

Let's look at our conjugations of ser in the future tense. To be or not to be? was Hamlet's clumsy question. The Spanish student must grapple with something like this: “Which” to “use”? There are several examples in Spanish where one English word can be translated two different ways in Spanish, and the decision you make can affect the meaning of the sentence. On the other hand, translating from English to Spanish is much more difficult because a decision must be made about which of the two words to use.

As you can see, the well-known forms es and son are nothing more than the verb ser.

Say it yourself in Spanish:

I'm tall
We are Spanish
You are beautiful
He is smart
They are good
Are you a teacher?
You are friends (vosotros)
She's Russian

Note: as a rule, in writing the pronoun ustedes is written in the following abbreviated form - Vd. , and ustedes - respectively Vds.

Before we get too much further, let's take a quick look at the conjugations of both verbs. So how do we decide which verb to use? Conditions can be mental, emotional or physical states of people, animals and objects. The locations are quite simply somewhere or someone is. "Pepe and Pablo are in my room."

In both of these situations, the specified condition is temporary. Presumably Pepe and Pablo weren't always in my room, and hopefully Emilia was always sick. It's a fancy way of saying something that's unlikely to change. "My car is yellow." This is unlikely to change. The car has probably been yellow for some time and will be yellow in the future. We didn't expect it to be tomorrow yet. “Her brothers are very thin.” Again, this is a condition we don't expect to change soon. When we think of these brothers, we think of them as thin and don't expect them to gain weight quickly.

A very important feature of the Spanish language that distinguishes it from other languages ​​is that often personal pronouns are simply omitted, while verb forms indicate the person.

In other words, the expression yo soy José can be shortened to soy José. And instead of tú eres medico, you can very often hear eres medico. Such sentences will be translated into Russian in the same way. In many cases, such forms will even be preferable, since the Spaniards themselves do not really like to abuse personal pronouns.

Ser and Estar: Differences in Meaning

Please note that in these examples it is possible that the characteristics have changed. It is unlikely that they will appear soon. It wouldn't be a rule if it didn't have an exception, right? "Party at Alejandro's house." "Football games are in the stadium." Think about the meaning of "as being the case." Some adjectives will convey different meanings based on which verb they are associated with. It should be translated: "Apple green", which means that the color of the apple is green.

This sentence should be translated something like this: “The apple is not ripe,” which means that it still needs to ripen and turn red. Karts are very expensive. Kaires tu, Manuel? Soy agogado. All present rules of time and estar apply to other times.

Soy italiano - I'm Italian
Somos amigos - We are friends
Es guapo - He is beautiful
Son atentos - They are attentive

Shorten the following sentences yourself:

Usted es medicine
Tú eres joven
Yo soy princess
Ellos son malos

Questions and denials

Interrogative and negative sentences are built according to the principle already known to us.
In direct questions, we either leave the direct word order or put the verb first.

It's already night here. with a preposition, to indicate purpose or finality. This car is for Gabriel. This machine is designed for boiling. Son 120 euros. How much does it cost? This is 120 euros. This ring is made of gold. This is a ring from Mary. This ring is from Peru.

• Felix and Raoul are big.
• It's 10 o'clock today.

This English class comes with audio and we will speak the verb to be or to be in English. We will define what a verb is and we will talk about its usage, the most common conjugations and the problems of using this verb that are so common in English.

¿Usted es medicine? - ¿Es usted medicine?
Ella es profesora? - ¿Es ella profesora?

If the word order is reversed, the pronoun can be placed at the end; its position in the sentence does not play a big role: ¿Es profesora ella?

The situation is even simpler with abbreviated sentences. Their word order will not differ from affirmative.

Eres Marcos - ¿Eres Marcos?
Sois turistas o españoles - ¿Sois turistas o españoles?

This is the first verb we learn and, without a doubt, the most common of all. We learn almost immediately because thanks to its use we can introduce ourselves and ask for information. In addition, the structure is simple, the verb is easily conjugated. In this lesson we will talk about the verb in English, its conjugations in different grammatical tenses, its usage, and also the problems that create for us Latins that we have Spanish as a native language. What is the verb?

It is a cumulative verb that expresses a state in which we use: - to indicate the identity of a person, place or thing - to describe the qualities of a person, place or thing - to indicate the state, condition or location of a person, place or thing. The verb "To be" is considered the most universal of the English language, constantly changing in form. Considering we use it so often, it's a shame that the verb in the English language is the most irregular, slippery verb and, in many cases, gets confused in the English language.

Ask questions to the following sentences:

Él es inteligente
Usted es italiano
Eres profesora
Ellas son amigas

In negatives, as we remember, the particle no must always be placed immediately before the verb:

Yo soy estudiante - Yo no soy estudiante
Nosotros somos camareros - Nosotros no somos camareros

Put the sentences in negative form:

Ella es Maria
Soy ruso
Vosotros sois futbolistas
Somos americanos
Usted es medicine

As we know, to hide a verb, we have to do it based on 2 main things. Subject of the sentence and verb tense. As you can see, the infinitive form is like an unpolished diamond; is a raw verb. Using the infinitive in sentences and phrases has other uses, but that's part of another lesson. Common problems with the verb to be or to be in English. Although the rules seem easy to use, in practice students have a lot of problems using the verb. Remember that theory is one thing, and practice is another. - Incorrect use of auxiliaries such as "do, do and do" with verbs that should be or be: One of the reasons we recognize a verb is its simplicity. For example, simple or past simple presenters are not used.

Practice the conjugation of the verb ser in practice exercises and be able to use it in your Spanish speech.

Palabras nuevas
New words

Along with grammar, don't forget to expand your vocabulary with new Spanish words

amigo - friend amable - amiable However, the problem is that there are thousands of other verbs that use it and this often causes us to incorrectly use the form of the verb be or to be in English or that we use some kind of conjugation of the verb with other verbs, as in the following examples : - Where have you been? - Correct: Where are you? - Don't use a verb if you want to translate from Spanish to English: remember that the verb to be or to be in English is just a verb. In Spanish, you can say "I'm hungry" using the verb "to have." However, in English the verb "I am hungry" is used. Another example is to translate the verb "agree" incorrectly to "I agree." Agree in English is another verb: agree. These are just some examples of how the verb to be or to be in English is challenging for many students. It is best to practice depending on the translation and always focus on correct communicative use. This way, they can avoid many of the confusions that arise when much depends on a direct translation from Spanish to English. princesa - princess moreno - dark-skinned rico - rich padres - parents simpático - cute americano - American italiano - Italian alemán - German

ingles - Englishman frances - Frenchman medico - doctor turista - tourist camarero - waiter abogado - lawyer arquitecto - architect piloto - pilot ingeniero - engineer The verb "to be" expresses essential or permanent characteristics of a person or thing. This is an irregular verb, i.e. which does not follow normal pairing rules. In this article, we will see how to correctly combine the verb "to be" in Spanish. Unlike the verb "to be" which refers to a temporary state, the verb "to be" refers to the permanent state of existence of a person or thing. Check the use of the verb "to be" in Spanish. Verb "to be" to identify people or things This is my car. - This is my mother. Express essential or permanent characteristics Indicate nationality, profession or ideology. Express data about days, dates, seasons and times. Today is Friday. Today is May 5th. It's autumn. -Time? To indicate the material, origin, or ownership of an object. This ring is silver. - This ring is from Daniela. - This ring is from Mexico. futbolista - football player

Ejercicios
Exercises

Ejercicio 1
Fill in the blanks by putting the verb Ser in the correct form

1. Yo ____________ intelligente;
2. Nosotros ____________ italianos;
3. Los padres de Julia ____________ ricos;
4. El capitán ____________ viejo;
5. Paco y yo ____________ jovenes;
6. ¿El señor y usted ____________ amigos?
7. Ana ____________ camarera;
8. Pablo y tú ____________ muy guapos;
9. Señora doctora, usted ____________ muy amable;
10. Tú y yo ____________ estudiantes de español.

To express a quality or physical characteristic

She's good. The car is white.

Preterite or preterite

Future simple or future imperfect. Future perfect or future conjunction. Spanish courses for secondary school students. Translating the verb to be is one of the main difficulties in Spanish. However, these two verbs have different meanings in Latin American and they cannot be used for each other.

Name, pronoun, number, infinitive or target. . Before the verb in the infinitive.

• Icarus's dream was to fly.
• This statue is in bronze.

Estar is a descriptive verb that means "to find oneself, to position oneself." Therefore it will be used for translation.

Ejercicio 2
Translate sentences from Russian into Spanish

1. I am a student;
2. You are a Spanish teacher;
3. We are Spanish;
4. We are Spanish;
5. You are waiters (vosotros);
6. Elena is tall and dark;
7. Federico and I are friends;
8. These gentlemen are Americans;
9. Señor Rodriguez, you are very kind;
10. Are they Germans?

My house is behind this building. . If the adjective expresses an essential quality. If the adjective indicates an accidental or exceptional state, a situation associated with external circumstances. Among the most common. The wounded man was taken to the hospital. . The auxiliary galley is used for construction in all difficult times.

• They were married in July.
• I have a red car.
• Tien dos germanos.
• He has two brothers, Tiens Quirinho.
• You have a tenderness for her.

Note: Tenera sometimes replaces galer before the past participle to insist that the action has already been performed.

Ejercicio 3
Ask direct questions to the following sentences, imagining that you are talking to a Spaniard. That is, in some cases you need to change your face. Remember that personal pronouns are often omitted in Spanish

(Ellos) son americanos – ¿Son (ellos) americanos?

1. Soy español – ¿_____________________________________________?
2. Angela es médica – ¿_____________________________________________?
3. Carlos y Sandra son camareros – ¿_____________________________________________?
4. Somos arquitectos – ¿_____________________________________________?
5. Julia y tú sois amigos – ¿_____________________________________________?
6. Señor González: Soy bastante viejo.
Carlos: ¿_____________________________________?
7. Eres muy inteligente – ¿_____________________________________________?

Ejercicio 4
Put the sentences in negative form

Soy ingeniero – No soy ingeniero

1. Julia es abogada –
2. Somos ingleses –
3. Sois amigos – _____________________________________;
4. Mi papá y mi mamá son jovenes – _____________________________________;
5.Vd. es profesor de español – _____________________________________;
6. Juan y tú sois pilotos – _____________________________________;
7.Vds. son franceses _____________________________________;
8. Soy Javier –

Ejercicio 5
Pluralize the sentences

Tú eres profesor – Vosotros sois profesores

1. Soy español – _____________________________________;
2. Él es muy simpático – _____________________________________;
3. Ella es peluquera – _____________________________________;
4. ¿Eres estudiante de español? – _____________________________________;
5.Vd. es una persona importante – _____________________________________.

Ejercicio 6
Imagine that you are talking to a Spaniard. Answer his questions

¿Eres Carlos? – Sí, soy Carlos

1. ¿Es María morena? –
2. ¿Sois ingenieros? –
3. Son pequeños los niños? – Sí, _____________________________________;
4. ¿Es Vd. taxista? –
5. ¿Son Vds. abogados? – No, _____________________________________;
6. ¿Somos tú y yo amigos? – Sí, _____________________________________.

Palabras en el diálogo:

mira - look
mexicano - Mexican
un friki - freak
más - more
musculoso - muscular
abuela - grandmother

First let's look at the conjugation of the verb Ser in

1. present tense:

3. in the past perfect form

4. in the future tense

yo sere - I will tú serás - you will el/ella/Ud. será - he/she will be, you will be

nosotros seremos - we will vosotros seréis - you will ellos serán - they will

Use of the verb Ser

1. Description of constant quality, unchanging characteristics. Use Ser when you say a person's name and describe them.

Yo soy Marta. - I'm Martha.

- Él es Paco. - He's Paco.

Yo soy alto. - I'm tall.

Ellos son tranquilos. - They are calm.

Mi hermana es intelligence. - My sister is smart.

2. Profession. Use Ser when you want to name a person's profession:

Soy professor. - I am an educator.

Ella era camarera. - She was a waitress.

Mi hijo será actor. - My son will be an actor.

Somos estudiantes. - We are students.

3. Time. When you say the day of the week and hour, use Ser:

Hoy es jueves. - Today is Thursday.

Mañana será el viernes. - Tomorrow will be Friday.

Es la una. - It’s an hour now (01.00 or 13.00)

Son las tres. - It's three o'clock now.

Notice when you say "hour" you are using es, and with all numbers greater than 1, you use son.

4. Place of birth, nationality, origin. When you say where someone is from, their nationality, or what they are made of, use Ser:

Soy de Italia. - I am from Italy.

Eres de Argentina. - You are from Argentina.

Es aleman. - He is German.

Son rusos. - They are Russians.

La mesa es de madera. - Table made of wood.

La cadena es de plata. - Silver chain.

5. Family relationships, religions. If you want to indicate family ties and talk about your religion, use Ser:

Juan es mi marido. - Juan is my husband.

Anna es mi hermana. - Anna is my sister.

Soy catolico. - I am Catholic.

Soy orthodoxa. - I'm orthodox.

6. Price. Use Ser to ask for price:

- ¿Cuánto es? - what is the price?

7. Using Ser, they describe the unchanging characteristics of objects. For example, age, color, size, quality.

El bolso es grande. - The bag is big.

Le pelicula es buena. - The film is good.

La casa es blanca. - The house is white.

El coche es nuevo. - The car is new.

Let's look at examples of the use of Ser in monologue and dialogues:

Daniel: Te presento a unos amigos: este es David. Es medico.

I introduce you to my friends: this is David. He is a doctor.

David y yo somos compañeros de trabajo.

David and I are work colleagues.

Esta es Natalia. Natalia es de Sevilla. Somos amigos.

This is Natalya. Natalia from Seville. We are friends.

Estos son Miguel y Alejandro. Son argentinos. Son actors.

This is Miguel and Alejandro. They are Argentinians. They are actors.

Estas son Sandra y Monica. Son brasilñas. Son compañeras de clase.

This is Sandra and Monica. They are Brazilian. They are classmates.

Petra: Buenos días. - Good morning.

Pablo: Quién eres? - Who are you?

Petra: Soy Petra, y tú? – I’m Petra, and you?

Pablo: Soy Pablo. - I'm Pablo.

Petra: Y ella, ¿quién es? - And who is she?

Pablo: Es Anna. Es mi amiga. - She's Anna. She's my friend.

Petra: ¿Qué eres? - What do you do for a living?

Pablo: Soy estudiante. ¿Y tú? – I’m a student, what about you?

Petra: Soy medico. Y ella, ¿qué es? - I am a doctor. And what about her, what does she do?

Pablo: Es enfermera. - She is a nurse.

Petra: Encantada. - Very nice.

Pablo: Bueno, mucho gusto. - Mutually, very nice.

Peter: ¡Hola! Soy Peter. - Hello, I'm Peter.

Susana: Yo soy Susan. - I'm Suzanne.

Peter: Encantado. Yo soy alemán, de Munich. ¿De donde eres? - Very nice. I'm German, from Munich. Where are you from?

Susana: Soy inglesa, de Londres. – I’m English, from London.

Peter: ¿Son ellos también ingleses? -Are they English too?

Susana: No, no son ingleses. Lucía es italiana, es de Roma. Raymond es americano, es de Florida. ¿Quién es nuestro profesor? - No, they are not English. Lucia is Italian, she is from Rome. Raymond is American, he is from Florida. Who is our teacher?

Peter: El señor García es nuestro profesor. – Mr. Garcia is our teacher.

Susana: ¿Cómo es el señor García? – Which Mr. Garcia?

Peter: Es alto, moreno y muy simpático. “He is tall, dark and very friendly.

Susana: ¿Español o sudamericano? – Is he Spanish or Latin American?

Peter: Español, de Madrid. - He is Spanish, from Madrid.

Conjugation of the verb Estar

The verb Estar is translated not only as “to be,” but also as “to be.” For convenience, we will use the second translation option.

1) in the present tense

3) in the past perfect tense

4) in the future tense

yo estare – I will be there tú estarás – you will be el/ella/Ud. estará – he, she will be, you will be

nosotros estaremos – we will be vosotros estaréis - you will be ellos, Uds. estarán – they will be there, you will be there

Use of the verb Estar

1. Location. If you want to know or indicate where an object or person is, use the verb Estar:

Estoy en casa. - I'm home.

- What do you mean by el libro? - Where is the book?

La oficina está al lado del café. – The office is located next to the cafe.

- What do you think? - Where are you now?

2. Temporary condition. When you describe the state of a person or thing at a given moment, use the verb Estar:

Estoy cansado. - I'm tired.

Estábamos enfermos. - We were sick.

- ¿Por qué estás nervioso? - Why are you nervous?

3. Action in the present moment. With Estar, you can emphasize that a certain action is happening now. For this purpose, the Estar structure is being built.

Estamos bailando. - We are dancing now.

- ¿Con quién estás hablando? – Who are you talking to now?

Están trabajando. - They are working now.

4. Temperature. When you want to say how many degrees it is outside, use Estar in the plural and first person (we) and the preposition a:

Estamos a 28 grados hoy. – Today it’s 28 degrees.

5. Days and months. To say the date, use the plural and first person Estar (we):

Let's look at examples of using Estar:

Julia: Entras y está el recibidor. El cuarto de baño está a la derecha. Uno de los dormitorios está al lado. El salón está en frente de la entrada. La cocina está al lado del comedor.

Julia: You walk in and there is a hallway. The bathroom is on the right. One of the bedrooms is nearby. The hall is located opposite the entrance. The kitchen is located next to the dining room.

La iglesia está en el centro. El teatro y el parque están a la derecha de la iglesia. Los bares y las tiendas están en la calle principal. Los hoteles están cerca de la playa.

The church stands in the center. The theater and park are located to the right of the church. Bars and shops line the main street. Hotels are located near the beach.

Difference between Ser and Estar

Note that SER and ESTAR completely change the meaning of a phrase when used with the same word. Let's look at a few examples:

es aburrido	he's boring	Está aburrido	He's bored
es bueno	he is good	Está bueno	how delicious, how good!
es cansado	he's boring	Está cansado
es grave	it is heavy (dangerous)	está grave	he is seriously ill now
es listo		está listo
	he is bad	está malo	he doesn't feel well
es orgulloso	he is proud	Está orgulloso	he's proud now
es moreno	he's dark-skinned	está moreno	he's tanned
es palido	he's pale	está palido	he turned pale
es pesado	it's heavy	Está pesado	he talks boringly
	he's rich	está rico	it is delicious
es seguro	it's safe	está seguro	he is sure
es verde	it's green	está verde	he's immature
es viejo	he is old	está viejo	looks old and shabby
		está vivo

Exercises

Do some exercises to practice what you have learned.

One of the most commonly used verbs in Spanish, Estar, a verb meaning "to be", is irregular, meaning that it does not follow a common conjugation pattern.

The present indicative form of Estar

The present form of the verb Estar means that the verb expresses an action that is happening now or is current. Demonstrative means that the verb is a statement of fact. In Spanish this is called Presente Del Indicativo.

For example, “How can I tell if I I talk to a bot? "or Ó Cómo puedo saber si Estoy hablando con un bot? In English, the real indicative form of Estar is “I / am / am.”

Preterite Demonstrative form of Estar

The pre-indicative form is used for past actions that have been completed. In Spanish this is called pretérito.

For example, "They We also in the family photo "translated into También estuvieron en la photo is familiar. In English the preterite indicative form Estar is "were"

Imperfect indicative form Estar

The imperfect indicative form or Imperfecto Del Indicativo in Spanish is used to talk about a past action or state of existence without specifying when it began or ended.

This is often equivalent to "were" in English.

As an example: “He proposed marriage to her while they We on a roller coaster" translated to Le propuso matrimonio mientras estaban en una montaña rusa. In English, the imperfect indicative form of Estar is "were"

Future indicative form of Estar

Future indicative form, or Futuro Del Indicativo in Spanish, is used to say what will or should happen. It means "will" in English.

For example, Creed lo que os digo, y estaráis Seguros means "believe what I tell you, and you will safe."

Conditional indicative form Estar

The indicative conditional, or el conditional, is used to express probability, possibility, surprise, or supposition and is usually translated into English as if, could, should have, or probably.

For example, "Some of them would happy if the killer dies, "will translate to Algunos de ellos estarian Felices Si Muriera El Asesino.

Present subjunctive form Estar

The present subjunctive, or present subjunctive, functions much like the present demonstrative in time, except that it relates to mood and is used in situations of doubt, desire, or emotion and is usually subjective.

Use the present subjunctive mood when you want the subject to do something. You also use die with a pronoun and a verb.

For example, "I hope that you are prepared ", it will be said, Espero que Estes preparation.

Imperfect subjunctive form Estar

The imperfect subjunctive, or imperfect, is used as a sentence describing something in the past, and is used in situations of doubt, desire, emotion, and generally subjectively.

For example, "If I We If I were you, I'd do the same," which means Si yo estuviera en tu lugar, haría lo mismo.

Imperative form Estar

The imperative, or imperativo in Spanish, is used to give commands or orders. Because a person orders others, the first person is not used.

For example, " Let's be ready when they arrive," translates into Estemos Listing Cuando Llegan.

Gerund form Estar

A gerund, or gerundio in Spanish, refers to the "-ing" form of a verb. In Spanish, the gerund functions more like an adverb. To form a gerund, as in English, all words have the same ending, in this case -ando. E star becomes estando.

For example, "This is what you should do while being pregnant, "translated as, Esto es lo qué debes hacer estando embarazada.

Past Communion Estar

The past participle corresponds to the English -en or -ed form of the verb. It is created by dropping -ar and adding -ado, Verb, estar, becoming Estado.

For example, "We have was in your situation "translates to Hemos Estado en tu situación.

Key takeaway

• Estar usually means "to be", so its conjugate forms have meanings such as "is", "was", "was" and "will be".
• Estar is conjugated irregularly. The form meaning "I am" becomes Estoy and some other forms take -tuv- in the final.
• Regular forms of Estar include the gerund and past participle, used to form complex tenses.

Verb ser to be, to be used:

1. to identify a person or thing:

• ¿Quién es este muchacho? - Es mi hijo. - Who is this young man? - This is my son.
• What is it? - Es mi coche nuevo. - What is this? - This is my new car.

2. to indicate nationality, religion, affiliation with a party:

• Antonio es Mexicano. - Antonio is Mexican.
• Maria es católica. - Maria is a Catholic.
• ¿Es usted socialista? - No, no soy socialista, soy comunista. - Are you a socialist? - No, I'm not a socialist, I'm a communist.

3. to describe appearance (always with an adjective):

• Maria es alta y delgada. - Maria is tall and slender.
• Todos sus amigos son muy simpáticos. - All his friends are very nice.

4. For description of shapes and colors:

• Es una mesa cuadrada. Es de color marron. - This table is square. It is brown in color.
• Mi coche es azul y el tuyo es rojo. - My car is blue and yours is red.

5. to indicate a profession:

• Soy traductora. - I am a translator.
• Juan es abogado. - Juan is a lawyer.
• Estas muchachas son enfermeras. - These girls are nurses.

6. to indicate the days of the week and the hour:

• What do you think? - Hoy es lune. - What day is today? - Today is Monday.
• ¿Qué hora es? - Son las dos y media. - What time is it now? - It's half past two.

7. to indicate the number of persons present or the presence of objects:

• Somos seis personas en la habitación. - There are six of us in the room.
• Son dos televisores. - These are two TVs.

8. To indicate the price:

• ¿Cuánto es? - Cien euros. - What is the price? - One hundred euro.

9. to indicate ownership, origin, material (with the preposition de):

• ¿De quién son estas gafas? - Son de mi abuela. - Whose glasses are these? - These are my grandmother's glasses.
• Antonio es de Mexico. - Antonio from Mexico.
• ¿Es usted de Madrid? - No, no soy de Madrid, soy de Barcelona. - Are you originally from Madrid? - No, I'm not from Madrid, I'm from Barcelona.
• En este palacio las escaleras son de mármol. - This palace has marble stairs.

10. in meaning happen, take place (tener lugar, ocurrir):

• La conference es en la Universidad. - The conference will take place at the university.
• El partido de fútbol es el sábado. - The football match will take place on Saturday.

11. verb ser serves to form the passive (passive) voice (see “Passive voice"):

• Gaudí es conocido por sus obras maestras de la arquitectura. - Gaudi is famous for his architectural masterpieces.

Verb estar (to be, to be)

Verb estar to be, to be used:

1. to indicate the place where an object or person is located:

• El antiguo edificio de la Universidad está en el centro de Moscú. - The old university building is located in the center of Moscow.
• Pedro está ahora en el colegio. - Pedro is now in college.

2. to indicate presence or absence:

• ¿Está el jefe? - Sí, está en su despacho. - Is the boss at home? - Yes, he is in his office.
• María no está, llame, por favor, dentro de una hora. - Maria is not here, please call in an hour.

3. to describe the state, well-being:

• ¿Cómo está usted? - Gracias, bien, ¿y usted? - How are you doing? - Thanks, good. And you?
• Hoy estoy mal. - Today I don't feel well.

4. to indicate marital status:

• Sus hijos ya están casados. - Her sons are already married.
• Juan está soltero, tiene sólo veinte años. - Juan is not yet married, he is only twenty years old.

5. to indicate the date:

• ¿A cuántos estamos hoy? - Estamos a treinta de enero. - What date is today? - Today is January 30th.

6. in paraphrase with the gerund form indicates a long-term action:

• José y yo estamos aprendiendo inglés. - Jose and I are studying English.
• La camarera está limpiando las habitaciones. - The maid cleans the rooms.

Verbs ser and estar with adjectives and participles

Verbs ser And estar often used with adjectives and participles.

Verb ser, when used with an adjective or participle, conveys a permanent quality of an object or person:

• Tu madre es nerviosa. - Your mom is nervous.(trait)
• La tierra es seca. - The ground is dry.(always dry)

Verb estar, when used with an adjective or participle, conveys a temporary state or quality that can change:

• Tu madre está nerviosa. - Your mom is nervous.(At the moment)
• La tierra está seca. - The ground is dry.(no rain)

But in combinations

• ser feliz, dichoso be happy
• Ser infeliz, desgraciado be unhappy,

where states that may be temporary are expressed, verb estar not used:

• Soy feliz, me ha tocado la loteria. - I'm happy, I won the lottery.

Some adjectives or participles change their meaning depending on their use with verbs ser or estar:

ser bueno to be kind	estar bueno to be healthy
ser malo to be angry	estar malo be ill
ser borracho be a drunk	estar borracho be drunk
ser callado be secretive	estar callado be silent
ser cerrado be withdrawn	estar cerrado be closed(about the door)
ser abiero to be honest	estar abierto to be open
ser cansado be annoying	estar cansado be tired
ser listo To be smart	estar listo be ready
ser verde be green	estar verde be immature
ser vivo be smart	estar vivo to be alive(not dead)
ser loco be crazy	estar loco be angry
serrico to be rich	estar rico be delicious
ser muerto be boring	estar muerto be dead
ser despierto be lively	estar despierto don't sleep

• Juan es muy callado, nunca habla de su vida personal. - Juan is very secretive and never talks about his personal life.
• Estás muy callado hoy, ¿qué te pasa? - You are very silent today. What happened to you?
• Es una muchacha muy lista, habla tres idiomas extranjeros. - This is a very smart girl, she speaks three foreign languages.
• Tenemos que salir, ya es tarde, ¿estás listo? - It's late, it's time for us to go out. Are you ready?
• En verano todos los árboles son verdes. - In summer all the trees are green.
• No comas esas manzanas, están verdes. - Don't eat these apples, they are unripe.

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The verb estar (to be, to be) is one of the most important irregular verbs in the Spanish language, since it is used to express actions in various kinds of situations. Therefore, knowing the conjugation of estar in the present, past and future tenses, as well as the ability to use this verb correctly, is fundamental to understanding many Spanish expressions.

The difference between the use of the verbs estar and ser

The verb ser (to be, to appear) and the verb estar (to be, to be) have fairly close meanings, however, unlike the verb ser, which describes actions of a permanent nature, estar is used to express temporary actions occurring at the current moment in time. For example: Marisol es mujer - Marisol is a woman (in this case es is in the present tense of the third person singular, when translated into Russian it can be omitted), that is, Marisol is a woman and will always be one. And another example: Marisol está en su casa - Marisol is at home, that is, she is there now, and in an hour she can leave the house to go to the store.

This understanding of the differences in the use of ser and estar helps in understanding more complex situations. For example, Marisol es pálida and Marisol está pálida, in the first case it is said that Marisol has a pale skin color, and in the second case that she has turned pale. Another example: Marisol es mala and Marisol está mal. The first sentence is translated as follows: Marisol is bad (evil and harmful), while the second sentence is translated as Marisol is sick.

Conjugation estar for indicative tenses

Being an irregular verb, estar is conjugated according to its own rules, different from those used by verbs ending in -ar. For simple tenses of the present, past and future in the indicative mood, the conjugation of the verb estar has the form presented in the table.

Time	I	You	he she	We	You	They
the present	estoy	estás	está	estamos	estáis	están
past imperfect	estaba	estabas	estaba	estábamos	estabais	estaban
future	estare	estaras	estara	estaremos	estareis	estaran

For example: Estoy en viaje - I am traveling. Javier estaba en viaje - Javier traveled. Estaremos en viaje en mes próximo - We will be traveling next month.

Subjunctive mood

The subjunctive mood is used when the speaker wants to convey his desires, express some dubious action that may occur if some condition is met. The conjugation of estar in the subjunctive mood for the three tenses takes the form presented in the following table.

Time	I	You	he she	We	You	They
the present	esté	estés	esté	estemos	estéis	estén
future	estuviere	estuvieres	estuviere	estuvieremos	estuviereis	estuvieren
past imperfect	estuviera	estuvieras	estuviera	estuvieramos	estuvierais	estuvieran

To show how these conjugations are used in the subjunctive mood, we give the following examples:

• Ojalá estuvieres en su casa mañana - Perhaps you will be at his house tomorrow.
• Quienquiera que esté en el palacio será castigado con dos meses de prisión - Anyone who ends up in this castle will be punished with two months in prison.
• Si yo estuviera en su lugar ayudaría a esta anciana - If I were in his place, I would help this old lady.

Imperative mood

This mood is used to convey an order or request to another person. The conjugation of estar in this mood is as follows:

• For the second person singular (you) in the positive form it is está, and in the negative form it is no estés.
• For the third person singular (you) in the positive form it is estad, in the negative form it is no estéis.

Examples of using the conjugation estar in the imperative mood in Spanish:

• ¡Está felizmente enamorado! - Be happily in love!
• ¡No estés tan triste, por favor! - Don't be so sad, please!
• ¡Estad quietos, chicos! - Calm down, boys!
• ¡No estéis andando lejos de casa! - Don't go far from home!

Set expressions with estar

Since the verb estar is one of the main and frequently used verbs in the Spanish language, there are many set expressions with it that are recommended to be memorized in order to understand spoken language more clearly. Below are the most common of these expressions:

• What do you think? - How are you doing, how are you?
• Estamos de mudanza - We are changing our place of residence, moving.
• Estamos en otoño - It's autumn here.
• Estoy que me caigo - I'm just falling off my feet from fatigue.
• No estoy para bromas - I'm not in the mood to joke.
• Ella está que estalla de satisfacción - She's about to explode with complacency.
• Ya está - this is what they say when they want to convey information that the job is done.
• ¿Estamos? - All clear?
• Estar de más - To be extra.