Sp foundations of buildings and structures. A new joint venture for the design of building foundations will increase reliability and allow savings on structures. The new joint venture introduced the concept of “soil reinforcement” and specified requirements for the design of foundations made of reinforced soil
The updated rules for designing the foundations of buildings and structures for the ERP portal that have come into force are commented on by an authoritative expert.
The requirements of the set of rules (SP 22.13330.2016) concern the design of the foundations of newly constructed and reconstructed buildings and structures. The work to update them was carried out by specialists from the Research Center "Construction" under an agreement with the Federal Autonomous Institution "Federal Center for Standardization, Standardization and Technical Assessment of Conformity in Construction" (FCS). This organization is subordinate to the Ministry of Construction, which believes that the requirements of SP 22.13330.2016 “are aimed at increasing safety and energy saving during the construction and operation of facilities according to their field of application.”
At the request of the ERP portal, one of the largest Russian specialists in scientific and technical issues of construction, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, academician and vice-president of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, honorary builder of Russia and Moscow, Vyacheslav Ilyichev, gave his expert assessment of the innovations.
- Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich, what will change in the practical work of developers with the introduction of a new set of rules?
Developers, as you know, build according to plans. And since the introduction of a new set of rules will directly affect the level of design quality, developers will definitely feel this during the implementation of approved projects.
Before talking about the innovations that the introduced joint venture brings, it is necessary to emphasize that it retained all the main positions contained in the previous set of rules. That is, calculation methods that have been tested for decades are still allowed to be used by those designers who are well familiar with them and apply them in practice.
But in addition to traditional methods for calculating structures, it is now possible to use a number of modern programs and mathematical models (of course, with appropriate justification). Their use makes the calculations themselves more complete, which leads to cheaper structures.
- Why does this happen?
Will explain. Now it is possible to design and construct buildings and structures that are quite complex in terms of design, but at the same time do not include in the project excess supplies of materials and structures themselves, which was often practiced before. Why did this happen? Because past calculation methods were much more rough and approximate compared to modern ones. Today, with the help of mathematical programming, you can calculate everything much more accurately, which means you can actually save money.
- The new joint venture introduced the concept of “soil reinforcement” and specified requirements for the design of foundations made of reinforced soils using various methods and models. What does this give?
In some cases, piles can be considered not individually, but as reinforced soil. Based on this, a new type of base is classified in the set of rules: the base itself is considered here as an array in relation to which area fixation is carried out. A whole section has appeared concerning the properties of soil after its areal consolidation through cementation and other methods. In addition, tables for determining the parameters of such fortified arrays have been added to the SP. All this allows you to increase reliability, and at the same time, save money.
Another innovation is the accounting of so-called technological sediments. What is it about? If a pit is made next to an existing building, then the foundation of this building is strengthened using drilled injection piles or the same cementation. The building must settle slightly before the piles engage and take the load, and this settlement is known to cause additional damage to existing buildings. So, in the new SP 22.13330.2016, a separate section has been introduced that allows you to take into account these additional settlements of buildings, which have never been taken into account before.
- This is a really important story. The document also describes the design features of the foundations of structures erected in seismic areas, taking into account the requirements for calculating the stability of slopes. Has anything fundamentally new emerged in terms of seismic resistance?
Let me remind you that a huge amount of work was done in this area back in Soviet times. Most of the current seismic resistance indicators, before becoming approved standards, were tested under experimental conditions, during experiments and laboratory tests. For example, we are talking about full-scale piles, foundations on a natural foundation, etc. And the majority of buildings and structures built according to these standards, based on experimental and theoretical scientific research, successfully withstood earthquakes, which made it possible to save lives and material values. Well, since these norms have proven their viability in practice, they all remain in the new document. It preserves the first and second groups of limit states of foundation foundations. But at the same time, for the convenience of calculations, in accordance with the requirements of the time, methods of mathematical modeling and probabilistic methods of analysis have been added.
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The updated rules for designing the foundations of buildings and structures for our portal that have come into force are commented on by an authoritative expert.
The requirements of the set of rules (SP 22.13330.2016) concern the design of the foundations of newly constructed and reconstructed buildings and structures. The work to update them was carried out by specialists from the Research Center “Construction” under an agreement with the FAU “Federal Center for Standardization, Standardization and Technical Assessment of Conformity in Construction” (FCS). This organization is subordinate to the Ministry of Construction, which believes that the requirements of SP 22.13330.2016 “are aimed at increasing safety and energy saving during the construction and operation of facilities in accordance with their field of application.”
At the request of the ERP portal, one of the largest Russian specialists in scientific and technical issues of construction, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, academician and vice-president of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, honorary builder of Russia and Moscow, Vyacheslav ILYCHEV, gave his expert assessment of the innovations.
- Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich, what will change in the practical work of developers with the introduction of a new set of rules?
Developers, as you know, build according to plans. And since the introduction of a new set of rules will directly affect the level of design quality, developers will definitely feel this during the implementation of approved projects.
Before talking about the innovations that the introduced joint venture brings, it is necessary to emphasize that it retained all the main positions contained in the previous set of rules. That is, calculation methods that have been tested for decades are still allowed to be used by those designers who are well familiar with them and apply them in practice.
But in addition to traditional methods for calculating structures, it is now possible to use a number of modern programs and mathematical models (of course, with appropriate justification). Their use makes the calculations themselves more complete, which leads to cheaper structures.
- Why does this happen?
Will explain. Now it is possible to design and construct buildings and structures that are quite complex in terms of design, but at the same time do not include in the project excess supplies of materials and structures themselves, which was often practiced before. Why did this happen? Because past calculation methods were much more rough and approximate compared to modern ones. Today, with the help of mathematical programming, you can calculate everything much more accurately, which means you can actually save money.
The new joint venture introduced the concept of “soil reinforcement” and specified requirements for the design of foundations made of reinforced soils using various methods and models. What does this give?
In some cases, piles can be considered not individually, but as reinforced soil. Based on this, a new type of base is classified in the set of rules: the base itself is considered here as an array in relation to which area fixation is carried out. A whole section has appeared concerning the properties of soil after its areal consolidation through cementation and other methods. In addition, tables for determining the parameters of such fortified arrays have been added to the SP. All this allows you to increase reliability, and at the same time, save money.
Another innovation is the accounting of so-called technological sediments. What is it about? If a pit is made next to an existing building, then the foundation of this building is strengthened using drilled injection piles or the same cementation. The building must settle slightly before the piles engage and take the load, and this settlement is known to cause additional damage to existing buildings. So, in the new SP 22.13330.2016, a separate section has been introduced that allows you to take into account these additional settlements of buildings, which have never been taken into account before.
This is a really important story. The document also describes the design features of the foundations of structures erected in seismic areas, taking into account the requirements for calculating the stability of slopes. Has anything fundamentally new emerged in terms of seismic resistance?
Let me remind you that a huge amount of work was done in this area back in Soviet times. Most of the current seismic resistance indicators, before becoming approved standards, were tested under experimental conditions, during experiments and laboratory tests. For example, we are talking about full-scale piles, foundations on a natural foundation, etc. And the majority of buildings and structures built according to these standards, based on experimental and theoretical scientific research, successfully withstood earthquakes, which made it possible to save lives and material values. Well, since these norms have proven their viability in practice, they all remain in the new document. It preserves the first and second groups of limit states of foundation foundations. But at the same time, for the convenience of calculations, in accordance with the requirements of the time, methods of mathematical modeling and probabilistic methods of analysis have been added.
In general, the new set of rules is more progressive; it complies with all modern approaches and standards, including Eurocodes. That is, on the basis of the previous set of rules, verified over many years of practice, a document has been created that provides new opportunities - both in terms of greater accuracy in design and in terms of savings due to cheaper structures used.
Notes
1 The timing of geotechnical monitoring must be extended if changes in the monitored parameters do not stabilize.
2 The frequency of recording monitored parameters must be linked to the schedule of construction and installation work and can be adjusted (i.e. carried out more often than specified in the geotechnical monitoring program) if the values of the monitored parameters exceed the expected values (including their changes exceeding the expected trends) or identifying other dangerous deviations.
3 For unique newly constructed and reconstructed structures, as well as during the reconstruction of historical, architectural and cultural monuments, geotechnical monitoring should continue for at least two years after completion of construction.
4 Recording of controlled parameters during geotechnical monitoring of the enclosing structure of a pit with a depth of more than 10 m, as well as at a shallower pit depth if the controlled parameters exceed the design values, must be performed at least once a week.
5 Geotechnical monitoring of the soil mass surrounding a newly constructed or reconstructed structure, after completion of the construction of its underground part and when changes in the controlled parameters of the soil mass and surrounding buildings have stabilized, can be carried out once every three months.
6 In the presence of dynamic influences, the level of vibrations of the foundations and structures of newly constructed (reconstructed) structures and surrounding buildings should be measured.
7 Recording changes in controlled parameters of the state of building structures, incl. damaged, during geotechnical monitoring of structures of the surrounding buildings should be carried out, incl. based on the results of periodic visual and instrumental examinations.
8 The requirements of Table 12.1 must be followed, incl. during geotechnical monitoring of surrounding buildings located in the zone of influence of the installation of underground utilities, which is determined in accordance with the requirements of 9.33, 9.34.
9 Geotechnical monitoring of newly constructed or reconstructed structures in areas of a dangerous category in terms of karst-suffusion must be carried out throughout the entire period of construction and operation of structures. The period for geotechnical monitoring of newly constructed or reconstructed structures in areas of a potentially hazardous category in terms of karst-suffosion should be determined in the geotechnical monitoring program, but be at least five years after completion of construction.
1 area of use2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General provisions
5 Foundation design
5.1 General instructions
5.2 Loads and impacts taken into account in foundation calculations
5.3 Standard and calculated values of soil characteristics
5.4 Groundwater
5.5 Foundation depth
5.6 Calculation of foundations based on deformations
5.7 Calculation of foundations based on bearing capacity
5.8 Features of foundation design during reconstruction of structures
5.9 Measures to reduce foundation deformations and their impact on structures
6 Features of designing the foundations of structures erected on specific soils and in special conditions
6.1 Collapsed soils
6.2 Swelling soils
6.3 Saline soils
6.4 Organomineral and organic soils
6.5 Eluvial soils
6.6 Bulk soils
6.7 Alluvial soils
6.8 Heaving soils
6.9 Consolidated soils
6.10 Reinforced soils
6.11 Features of designing the foundations of structures erected in mined areas
6.12 Features of designing the foundations of structures erected in karst areas
6.13 Features of designing the foundations of structures erected in seismic areas
6.14 Features of the design of foundations of structures erected near sources of dynamic influences
7 Features of designing the foundations of overhead power transmission line supports
8 Features of designing bases and foundations of low-rise buildings
9 Features of designing foundations of underground parts of structures and geotechnical forecast
10 Features of designing the foundations of high-rise buildings
11 Design of water drawdown
12 Geotechnical monitoring
13 Environmental requirements when designing foundations
Appendix A (recommended). Standard values of strength and deformation characteristics of soils
Appendix B (recommended). Calculated resistance of foundation soils
Appendix B (recommended). Determination of foundation settlement using the linearly deformable layer method
Appendix D (recommended). Limit deformations of the foundations of new construction projects
Appendix D (mandatory). Categories of condition of existing structures
Appendix E (recommended). Limit deformations of the foundations of reconstructed structures
Appendix G (recommended). Physico-mechanical characteristics of organomineral and organic soils
Appendix I (recommended). Physical and mechanical characteristics of eluvial soils
Appendix K (mandatory). Maximum additional deformations of the foundations of surrounding buildings located in the zone of influence of new construction or reconstruction
Appendix L (mandatory). Controlled parameters during geotechnical monitoring
Appendix M (for reference). Basic letter designations
Bibliography