Conjunctive coordinating and subordinating connections. Coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections in complex sentences

To the question How to find a complex sentence with a non-conjunctive and a conjunctive subordinating connection? given by the author Adapted the best answer is






For example:


For example:

Answer from Neuropathologist[newbie]
plus 2 points

Answer from Growth[newbie]
And aren't you ashamed? the person really doesn’t understand, but you...

Answer from Vladimir Putin[expert]
non-conjunctive sentences are not connected by a conjunction in the presence of several grammatical stems. For example:
The teacher is sick, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, He is sick and will not be - the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the grammatical basis is represented by only one predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, so that, when, etc.)
The main sign of sl sub. sentence:
- from one sentence You can ask a question to someone else. therefore, the one from which the question is asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to complex sentence in complex compositions both parts are equal. It is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. just like in the non-union. only in a unionless one there are no unions between simple sentences. and in complex sentences. those included in the complex are connected by coordinating conjunctions.
For example:
The teacher is sick and there will be no lesson.
Now compare all three options.
the teacher is ill, there will be no lesson - a non-union proposal. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is ill and there will be no lesson - compound. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. For what reason will there be no lesson? - the teacher is sick.

Answer from IbraGim Akhmatilov[newbie]
pi(d)rily

Answer from yupu kpu4pku[newbie]
non-conjunctive sentences are not connected by a conjunction in the presence of several grammatical stems. For example:
The teacher is sick, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, He is sick and will not be - the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the grammatical basis is represented by only one predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, so that, when, etc.)
The main sign of sl sub. sentence:
- from one sentence You can ask a question to someone else. therefore, the one from which the question is asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to complex sentence in complex compositions both parts are equal. It is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. just like in the non-union. only in a unionless one there are no unions between simple sentences. and in complex sentences. those included in the complex are connected by coordinating conjunctions.
For example:
The teacher is sick and there will be no lesson.
Now compare all three options.
the teacher is ill, there will be no lesson - a non-union proposal. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is ill and there will be no lesson - compound. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. For what reason will there be no lesson? - the teacher is sick.

Answer from Denis Larionov[active]
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Answer from Alexey Dementyev[active]
Finally, we went nuts!

Answer from Diana Zhilova[newbie]
BRAVO! THEY ARE SO SMART, THEY COPYED THE SAME THING IN A ROW

Answer from rapper[newbie]
But

Answer from Oleg Olegov[newbie]
Yes

Answer from XxxNGxxx[newbie]
quack

Answer from Dmitry Kondakov[newbie]
non-conjunctive sentences are not connected by a conjunction in the presence of several grammatical stems. For example:
The teacher is sick, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, He is sick and will not be - the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the grammatical basis is represented by only one predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, so that, when, etc.)
The main sign of sl sub. sentence:
- from one sentence You can ask a question to someone else. therefore, the one from which the question is asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to complex sentence in complex compositions both parts are equal. It is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. just like in the non-union. only in a unionless one there are no unions between simple sentences. and in complex sentences. those included in the complex are connected by coordinating conjunctions.
For example:
The teacher is sick and there will be no lesson.
Now compare all three options.
the teacher is ill, there will be no lesson - a non-union proposal. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is ill and there will be no lesson - compound. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. For what reason will there be no lesson? - the teacher is sick.

Answer from Nikita Malafeev[newbie]
Well

Answer from Liza Bagadurova[active]
why the same thing?

Answer from Ripper[newbie]
non-conjunctive sentences are not connected by a conjunction in the presence of several grammatical stems.

Answer from Natalya Timoshkina[newbie]
non-conjunctive sentences are not connected by a conjunction in the presence of several grammatical stems. For example:
The teacher is sick, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, He is sick and will not be - the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the grammatical basis is represented by only one predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, so that, when, etc.)
The main sign of sl sub. sentence:
- from one sentence You can ask a question to someone else. therefore, the one from which the question is asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to complex sentence in complex compositions both parts are equal. It is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. just like in the non-union. only in a unionless one there are no unions between simple sentences. and in complex sentences. those included in the complex are connected by coordinating conjunctions.
For example:
The teacher is sick and there will be no lesson.
Now compare all three options.
the teacher is ill, there will be no lesson - a non-union proposal. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is ill and there will be no lesson - compound. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. For what reason will there be no lesson? - the teacher is sick.

Answer from Marcel Rakhmanov[newbie]
non-conjunctive sentences are not connected by a conjunction in the presence of several grammatical stems. For example:
The teacher is sick, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, He is sick and will not be - the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the grammatical basis is represented by only one predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, so that, when, etc.)
The main sign of sl sub. sentence:
- from one sentence You can ask a question to someone else. therefore, the one from which the question is asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to complex sentence in complex compositions both parts are equal. It is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. just like in the non-union. only in a unionless one there are no unions between simple sentences. and in complex sentences. those included in the complex are connected by coordinating conjunctions.
For example:
The teacher is sick and there will be no lesson.
Now compare all three options.
the teacher is ill, there will be no lesson - a non-union proposal. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is ill and there will be no lesson - compound. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. For what reason will there be no lesson? - the teacher is sick.

Answer from Denis Stolyar[active]
non-conjunctive sentences are not connected by a conjunction in the presence of several grammatical stems. For example:
The teacher is sick, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, He is sick and will not be - the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the grammatical basis is represented by only one predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, so that, when, etc.)
The main sign of sl sub. sentence:
- from one sentence You can ask a question to someone else. therefore, the one from which the question is asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to complex sentence in complex compositions both parts are equal. It is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. just like in the non-union. only in a unionless one there are no unions between simple sentences. and in complex sentences. those included in the complex are connected by coordinating conjunctions.
For example:
The teacher is sick and there will be no lesson.
Now compare all three options.
the teacher is ill, there will be no lesson - a non-union proposal. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is ill and there will be no lesson - compound. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. For what reason will there be no lesson? - the teacher is sick.

Answer from Elena Ten[newbie]

non-conjunctive sentences are not connected by a conjunction in the presence of several grammatical stems. For example:
The teacher is sick, there will be no lesson.
The teacher is the subject, He is sick and will not be - the predicate.
The first sentence is two-part (the grammatical basis is represented by two main members), the second is one-part (the grammatical basis is represented by only one predicate).
A complex sentence also consists of several simple ones, but they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions (what, so that, when, etc.)
The main sign of sl sub. sentence:
- from one sentence You can ask a question to someone else. therefore, the one from which the question is asked will be the main one (as in a phrase, one word is the main one), and the other is dependent or subordinate (as in a phrase, the second word is dependent)
For example:
The teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson.
in contrast to complex sentence in complex compositions both parts are equal. It is difficult to ask a question from one sentence to another. just like in the non-union. only in a unionless one there are no unions between simple sentences. and in complex sentences. those included in the complex are connected by coordinating conjunctions.
For example:
The teacher is sick and there will be no lesson.
Now compare all three options.
the teacher is ill, there will be no lesson - a non-union proposal. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is ill and there will be no lesson - compound. the question cannot be asked.
the teacher is sick, so there will be no lesson - complex. Can I ask you a question. For what reason will there be no lesson? - the teacher is sick.

Non-conjunction sentences with coordinating connection- these are non-conjunctive sentences, which in structure and semantic relationships between their parts are identical to compound sentences. These two types of sentences differ from each other only in the presence or absence of a connecting conjunction (a connecting conjunction can be substituted into non-union sentences, and, on the contrary, removed from a complex sentence).

Structurally, such non-conjunctive sentences can potentially consist of an unlimited number of predicative parts, therefore they are called open non-conjunctive complex sentences (or non-conjunctive sentences of open structure).

An open non-union sentence, consisting of several equal parts, names and lists a number of sequential or simultaneous events or phenomena:

The moon stands over a transparent mountain, The surrounding area is bathed in an uncertain light, A row of cypress trees are lined up, Their shadows run into the unknown (V. Ya. Bryusov)

Such non-conjunctive complex sentences are formed with a monotonous enumerative intonation, that is, all parts of the sentence are intonated equally. In addition, all parts of the non-union sentence are united by one leading topic. The order of the parts of a non-union sentence is free, that is, you can easily swap parts.

Non-conjunction sentences with subordinating connection- these are non-conjunctive sentences, which both in structure and in semantic relationships between parts are identical to complex sentences. Such non-conjunction sentences consist of only two parts and are called closed non-conjunction complex sentences (or closed structure non-conjunction sentences).

The fixed (not free) order of arrangement of the two parts of a closed non-conjunct sentence helps to establish semantic relationships between these predicative parts, that is, when rearranging the parts of a non-conjunct sentence, the semantic relationships between them change or the sentence as a whole is destroyed. For example, in the sentence I was late: the car broke down, the second part of a complex sentence tells the reason, and in the sentence The car broke down - I was late, the second part is a consequence of what is reported in the first part.

Parts of such a complex sentence are formed by explanatory intonation (one part explains the other) or contrastive intonation (the first part of the sentence is characterized by a very high tone, the second by a lower tone). Intonation depends on the semantic relationships between the parts of a complex sentence in oral speech, and the choice of punctuation mark (colon or dash) in writing.

Between the parts of closed, non-union complex sentences, various types of semantic relationships are established, that is, the semantic role of the subordinate part in relation to the main part is determined. The following varieties can be distinguished: Material from the site

1. An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the first part contains supporting words - verbs that require addition, explanation, distribution, which is the content of the second part: I knew: the blow of fate would not bypass me (M. Yu. Lermontov).
2. An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the second part reveals, specifies, explains the content of the first part (often a separate word or word combination of the first part): The whole city there is like this: a swindler sits on a swindler and drives the swindler (N .V. Gogol).
3. A non-union sentence of justification and reason is a non-union complex sentence, the second part of which contains the justification or reason for what is said in the first part: I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here! (A.S. Pushkin). I am sad: there is no friend with me (A.S. Pushkin).
4. A non-conjunction sentence with a predicative construction of a consequence is a non-conjunction sentence, the second part of which is a consequence of the action named in the first part of the sentence. Some non-conjunctive sentences with a causal predicative construction can be turned into sentences with an investigative predicative construction. To do this, it is enough to swap the predicative constructions: I opened the window: it was stuffy (reason). It was stuffy - I opened the window (consequence).
5. An adversarial non-union sentence is a sentence in the second part of which a sharp opposition is expressed to what is said in the first part: I knew about poetry from the very beginning - I knew nothing about prose (A. A. Akhmatova).

Opposition in a non-union complex sentence is often associated with negation:

Not for the songs of spring over the plain The green expanse is dear to me - I fell in love with the longing of a crane On a high mountain a monastery (S. A. Yesenin)

Many non-union sentences are characterized by polysemy of semantic relationships between the parts of a complex sentence; these relationships often defy unambiguous interpretation: the boundaries between different meanings are blurred and not clear enough.

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On this page there is material on the following topics:

• sentences with subordinating non-conjunctive connection
• subordinating coordinating and non-conjunctive connection in one sentence
• sentences with subordinating coordinating and predicative connections
• sentence with non-conjunction and coordinating connection
• composed sentence with non-union and coordinating connection

Complex sentences allow you to convey voluminous messages about several situations or phenomena, making speech more expressive and informative. Most often, complex sentences are used in works of art, journalistic articles, scientific works, and official business texts.

What is a complex sentence?

Difficult sentence - a sentence that consists of two or more grammatical bases is an intonationally formed semantic unity that expresses a certain meaning. Depending on the relationship of the parts, complex sentences with coordinating subordinating and non-conjunctive connections are distinguished.

Complex sentences with coordinating connections

Compound Sentences - conjunctional sentences, which consist of equal parts connected by a coordinating connection. Parts of complex sentences are combined into one whole using coordinating, adversative or disjunctive conjunctions. In writing, a comma is placed before the conjunction between parts of a compound sentence.

Examples of compound sentences: The boy shook the tree, and ripe apples fell to the ground. Katya went to college, and Sasha stayed at home. Either someone called me, or it seemed like it.

Complex sentences with subordinating connections

Complex sentences - conjunctional sentences consisting of unequal parts that are connected by a subordinating connection. In complex sentences, there is a main part and a dependent (subordinate) part. Parts of the dictionary are connected to each other using conjunctions and allied words. In writing, between parts of a complex sentence, a comma is placed before the conjunction (conjunctive word).

Examples of complex sentences: He picked a flower to give to his mother. Those present were wondering where Ivan Petrovich came from. Misha went to the store his friend was talking about.

Usually, a question can be raised from the main clause to the subordinate clause. Examples: I came home (when?) when everyone had already sat down to dinner. We learned about (what?) what happened yesterday.

Complex sentences with non-conjunction connections

Unconjunct complex sentences are sentences whose parts are connected only with the help of intonation, without the use of conjunctions and allied words.

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Examples of complex sentences with non-conjunctive connections between parts: The music started playing, the guests started dancing. It will be frosty in the morning - we won’t go anywhere. Tanya turned around: a tiny kitten was huddled against the wall.

A comma, dash, colon or semicolon can be placed between parts of non-union complex sentences (depending on what meaning the parts of the BSP express).

Complex sentences with different types of connections

Mixed complex sentences can include several clauses connected to each other by coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections. In writing, in mixed complex sentences, the punctuation characteristic of complex, complex and non-union sentences is observed.

Examples: Vitya decided that if the teacher asked him to answer a question, he would have to admit that he had not prepared for the lesson. On the right hung a painting depicting a blooming garden, and on the left there was a table with carved legs. The weather worsened: a strong wind rose and it began to rain, but it was warm and dry in the tent.

If complex sentences within a mixed sentence form logical-syntactic blocks, a semicolon is placed between such blocks. Example: On the porch, a sparrow was pecking at grains that grandmother accidentally scattered; At this time, dad came out, and the bird quickly flew away.

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Complex sentences (CSS) are syntactic constructions containing two or more simple sentences, connected by a subordinating relationship and connected by appropriate conjunctions. The subordinating relationship in a complex sentence is of several types, depending on the semantic relationships between its structural elements.

In order to identify sentences with a subordinating connection, you need to check them for compliance with the following parameters:

• two or more simple sentences that represent unequal parts: one is the main one, the second is the subordinate clause;
• there is a subordinating conjunction or allied word;
• in writing, its parts are separated by a comma.

In the IPP, from the main part to the subordinate part, you can pose a question. The type of connection depends on it. Examples: “We were unable to receive instructions on time (why?) because we were very tired and went home early,” “When I need help, I will turn to the right sources (when?).”

Connection in a phrase

Useful video: what are complex sentences

Means of subordinate communication

Parts of a sentence are connected using subordinating conjunctions: while, as, if, so that, since, as if and many others. Each union expresses a certain type of relationship that differs in meaning.

Sometimes, to connect the main and dependent parts, other linguistic means are used - allied words, which include:

• relative: who, what, which, etc.;
• relative pronominal adverbs: why, how, when, etc.

Conjunctive words and conjunctions that express different semantic relationships are presented in the table:

A conjunction and a connecting word are elements that connect parts of a complex sentence. In the schematic representation, the conjunction belongs to the subordinate clause, it is not a member of the sentence.

Attention! The conjunction word not only connects two structural elements, but also plays a syntactic role in the subordinate clause.

For example: “There are no events that could be changed.” In this example, the word “which” is not a conjunction, but a conjunction word.

Types of subordination

A complex sentence may have more than one dependent part. They communicate with each other in different ways. Depending on this, the following types of subordination are distinguished:

• homogeneous;
• parallel;
• sequential;
• combined.

Each type has its own characteristics and differs from the others in certain characteristics.

Types of subordinating connections

Homogeneous and parallel

A homogeneous connection is formed provided that all dependent parts belong to the main one or belong to the same type. For example: “It seemed to me that I saw daylight, that I heard strange sounds, that I felt cold.”

Three subordinate clauses in this example answer one question and relate to the main one according to one characteristic. They refer to the same word and belong to the same species. In this case, all dependent elements are of the same type and answer the same question.

Parallel subordination occurs in constructions in which one of the conditions of homogeneity is not met.

For example, subordinate clauses can refer to the same word, but answer different questions. For example: “When I finished reading the book, it was difficult to understand (when? what?) what exactly I felt for its characters”, “When a storm was raging outside the window, I read a book (when?, which one?), which talked about story that happened to the children when they were relaxing in the forest with their parents.”

Homogeneous connection

Sequential and combined

Sequential subordination is connections in a sentence in which the dependent parts are interconnected by a “chain”, i.e. that is, each subsequent element depends on the previous one. They are defined as subordinate clauses of varying degrees. For example: “Maxim saw a film (which one?), where the actor (which one?) played, whom he loved (when?), when he was a child (which one?), who was in love with pictures about heroes.”

In this example, the second clause depends on the first, the third on the second, and the fourth on the third. Questions in such sentences are asked sequentially from one part to the next. They can be different and express different semantic relationships.

In combined subordination, all types of subordination are used: parallel, sequential, and homogeneous are mixed. This is typical for long structures with a large number of dependent ones. For example: “Yesterday I was so tired that I couldn’t understand whether my head hurt from the weather or from being overwhelmed at work.” In this example, two types of communication are used: sequential and homogeneous submission.

Note! In order to determine the type of connection, use diagrams and symbols for the main members, arrows for questions and brackets to indicate the beginning and end of dependent elements.

SPP with combined subordination

Punctuation marks

In SPP, the position of the subordinate clause can be different:

• is found after the main clause;
• “surrounded” by the main one on both sides;
• located in front of the main one.

Subordinate clauses are always separated by commas.

Useful video: punctuation marks in BSC and types of BSC

Complex sentences always include two or more simple ones (they are also called predicative parts), connected by various types of connections: conjunctive coordinating, non-conjunctive and conjunctive subordinating connections. It is the presence or absence of conjunctions and their meaning that allows us to establish the type of connection in a sentence.

Definition of subordinating connection in a sentence

Subordination or subordination- a type of connection in which one of the predicative parts is the main, subordinating part, and the other is the dependent, subordinate part. Such a connection is conveyed through subordinating conjunctions or allied words; from the main part to the subordinate part it is always possible to ask a question. Thus, a subordinating relationship (as opposed to a coordinating relationship) implies syntactic inequality between the predicative parts of the sentence.

For example: In geography lessons we learned (about what?) why there are ebbs and flows, Where In geography lessons we learned- main part, there are ebbs and flows- subordinate clause, why - subordinating conjunction.

Subordinating conjunctions and allied words

Predicative parts of a complex sentence connected by a subordinating connection are connected using subordinating conjunctions, allied words. In turn, subordinating conjunctions are divided into simple and complex.

Simple conjunctions include: what, so that, how, when, barely, yet, if, as if, as if, for sure, for, although and others. We want all peoples to live happily.

Complex conjunctions include at least two words: because, because, since, in order to, as soon as, while, until, despite the fact that, as if and others. As soon as the sun rose, all the songbirds woke up.

Relative pronouns and adverbs can act as allied words: who, what, which, whose, which, how many(in all cases); where, where, from, when, how, why, why and others. Conjunctive words always answer any question and are one of the members of the subordinate clause. I have taken you there, where the gray wolf has never gone before!(G. Rosen)

You need to know: what it is, examples of it in the literature.

Types of subordination in a complex sentence

Depending on the means, connecting predicative parts, the following types of subordination are distinguished:

• conjunctional subordination - parts of a complex sentence are connected by simple or complex conjunctions. He opened the doors wider so that the procession could pass through freely.
• relative subordination - between the predicative parts there is a conjunction word. After death, people return to the same place they came from. they came.
• interrogative-relative subordination - parts of a complex sentence are connected through interrogative-relative pronouns and adverbs. The subordinate part explains the member of the main sentence expressed by a verb or noun, which has the meaning of a statement, mental activity, feeling, perception, internal state. Berlioz looked around sadly, not understanding what frightened him.(M. Bulgakov).

Often one complex sentence contains more than two predicative parts that are dependent in relation to the main one. Due to this There are several types of subordination:

This is interesting: in the rules of the Russian language.

Based on which member of the main sentence explains or extends the dependent one, subordinate clauses in some sources are divided into subjects, predicates, modifiers, additional and adverbial.

• Every, whom he met here offered to help him. The subordinate clause extends the subject of the main clause every.
• Never think that you already know everything.(I. Pavlov) The subordinate part explains the predicate of the main think.
• You should never regret something that can no longer be changed. IN in this case the subordinate clause answers the question of the prepositional case.

A more common classification is that depending on the questions they answer, subordinate clauses are divided as follows: