Twisted pair connector rj 45 joyner. Connecting twisted pairs to each other - extension and repair. twisted pair connector
Lumen is a unit of measurement according to the SI - International System of Units. This is a luminous quantity, denoted "lm" or lm.
Replacing lamps
Calculations have long shown that it is not the most effective option for lighting, especially when it comes to large rooms. The lion's share of energy is spent not on lighting, but on heating the filament, which makes the light bulb more like a small heater.
The issue of productive energy consumption is especially important now, during high flow rate resources and, what is especially important for consumers, high prices for public utilities. Therefore, when purchasing, you should pay attention not to the power measured in watts, but to how much light the light bulb will provide. And it is precisely this parameter that changes in lumens.
How many lumens are in a 100 W incandescent lamp?
Such lamps are most often used in residential premises. They provide fairly good lighting and a color that is comfortable for the eyes. Since lumens measure how much light a source emits, the higher the number, the brighter the illumination will be. However, these indicators can vary greatly, especially when it comes to different types lamps It is quite difficult to calculate how many lumens are in a 100 W incandescent lamp. For example, a 20-watt lamp produces a light flux of 250 lumens, and if the power is doubled, the flux will reach 400 lumens. But a 60-watt light bulb has an indicator of about 700 lumens, 900 lumens is equal to a power of 75 watts. A light flux of 1200 lumens is achieved if the incandescent lamp power is 100 W.
Energy optimization
Sooner or later, people begin to think about how to save on electricity, because progress does not stand still. First appeared which, according to manufacturers, reduce energy consumption by two or three times. And now there are even more economical lamps - LED. Their only drawback is quite high price, so the most important problem is that the new lamp includes both minimum power consumption and the brightness of an incandescent lamp.
Deception
LED lamps actually consume several times less energy, but the information provided by manufacturers often misleads buyers. For example, they say that a lamp is similar to a 70-watt light bulb at 500 lm, but this cannot possibly be true. In order not to make a mistake with your choice, you need to remember how many lumens are in a 100 W incandescent lamp.
After purchasing such an element, a person is disappointed because there is not enough light and he has to change the device to a more powerful one, which is associated with additional costs, especially if the lamps were purchased for the entire chandelier. However, when changing them, it is worth paying attention not only to such a value as lumen. Luminous flux/power is a ratio in the International System of Units (SI) called luminous efficacy. Simply put, the parameter shows how bright 1 Watt of a particular light source produces. Measured in lumens per watt.
How to choose?
Taking into account all the parameters, one should take into account not only how many lumens are in a 100 W incandescent lamp, but also the luminous efficiency, which for 100 watts is 13.8 lm/W. For example: the same parameter can be from 10 to 300 (!) lm/W.
One more an undeniable advantage incandescent lamps is the transparency of the glass and the angle of light propagation equal to 360 degrees. Therefore, when replacing with other types (for example, LED lamp the angle is two times smaller) deterioration of illumination may be observed. In addition, incandescent lamps are ideal for dimmers that can regulate not only brightness, but also energy consumption.
Labels
As a rule, information about how many lumens are in a 100 W incandescent lamp can be found on the packaging. In addition, there are also indicated there important parameters, such as color temperature and color rendering index (CRI), by choosing them correctly, you can get the most comfortable shade of light for the eyes.
A conventional incandescent lamp is 2800 K (measured in Kelvin). This value should be used as a guide when choosing the shade of light, unless, of course, the room is residential. For work areas (offices, hospitals, pharmacies, shops), neutral tones with a color temperature of 4000 to 5000 K are suitable, and galleries and exhibition halls are recommended to be illuminated with lamps daylight(5000 K and above).
Accuracy
If for some reason it is important that the lighting remains exactly at the same level when replacing lamps, you can first measure the luminous flux with a special device - a lux meter. Lux is an indicator of the ratio of lumens to room area (1 lux is equal to 1 lumen per square meter). This usually applies to various institutions where it is necessary to ensure that lighting complies with government regulations.
Tricks for Effective Energy Saving
One of the interesting tips from professionals is to use lamps of different wattages. For example, more powerful lighting is required in work area rooms, and in some parts of it you can get by with fewer suites. Second tip - separate switching on lamps This trick will not only consume less electricity, but also separate zones in studio apartments or large rooms.
Any Internet connection somehow contains in its physical design twisted pair. It is through it that the information with which the user interacts is transmitted - messages, web pages or videos. This article will review RJ-45 twisted pair connectors, and also describe in detail the marking schemes, connection methods and standards.
Cable
A twisted pair consists of several pairs of copper conductors insulated from each other. Usually there are 8 pieces (or 4 pairs), less often - 4 (2 pairs). The color scheme is strictly standardized for all types of twisted pair cables. There is a limitation for this cable - when connecting, the distance cannot exceed 100 meters between two nodes. To increase this parameter, you need to review the network topology and distribute nodes differently or use special network hubs.
Twisted pair has several varieties:
- UTP. The most common. It consists of simple pairs of conductors in a plastic braid.
- F/UTP. All conductors are surrounded by one foil screen common to all.
- STP. In this form, each individual pair has its own protected braid and a common mesh screen.
- S/FTP. It has a copper screen, as well as each individual pair in its own foil winding.
twisted pair connector
For creating reliable connections connectors from the RJ series are used. This short abbreviation stands for Registered Jack. This translates to "registered connector". It was first created by Bell in 1975 with the goal of bringing the connectors used to a common denominator.
The entire series of these connectors is in one way or another related to connecting to networks. For example, a four-wire RJ9 is used to connect the handset to the device.
Used as a twisted-pair connector, RJ-45, by the way, is divided into two types - standard RJ-45 and RJ-45S. The first is used to create local networks, and the second is used to connect modems.
In fact, the term RJ-45, which has taken root in Russia, is called so erroneously because it is similar in appearance to RJ-45S, which uses four wires. However, the name is firmly attached to the connector for local network, so this abbreviation will also be used in this article.
Appearance
The housing of the RJ-45 twisted pair connector is made of a less common shielded version with a special metal sheath. The new connector has eight legs inside, which are in a “charged” state. When crimping, they are pressed against the wires, “biting” into them and forming reliable fastening and connection.
Crimping techniques
Each twisted pair cable has four colors. The pair has a conductor filled with a solid color and mixed with white. The palette is as follows - white-orange and orange, white-green and green, white-blue and blue, white-brown and brown.
Depending on the device connection parameters, used various options colors. That is, at one end of the cable there should be one pattern, at the other - another, or the same one, as will be shown below.
For example, when connecting a computer and a hub, the following color markings must be observed:
- White-orange - white-orange.
- Orange is orange.
- White-green - white-green.
- Blue is blue.
- White-blue - white-blue.
- Green is green.
- White-brown - white-brown.
- Brown - brown.
That is, color to color. And if you need to connect two computers or hubs, a special one is used, which is commonly called a “cross”:
As you can see, many colors have only slightly changed their location. The brown and blue pairs remained in their places, but the orange and green pairs changed.
By the way, many modern devices learned to determine the placement of pairs automatically, which is undoubtedly convenient when creating large networks.
Pass-through connector
Sometimes during the operation of a local network, the surface of the cable may be damaged and it needs to be repaired in some way. For this purpose, there is a female-to-female RJ-45 twisted pair connector. It is a plastic case with two connectors similar to those located on system unit or on a laptop. To repair a damaged cable, you will need to crimp it at both ends according to the described color schemes. Then connect them to the female-to-female RJ-45 twisted pair connector. Quite a convenient and simple way to quickly restore a network without replacing the entire cable. By the way, there is a second name for this twisted pair connector - joyner. In fact, this is just a component that connects two similar types of connectors.
Krone connector type
Krone is a company that set the tone and created its own type of connector with the same name. This term is mainly used to refer to sockets with a special connection mechanism. Although the company's catalog also includes a set of Krone twisted pair connectors.
Twisted Pair Crimping Tool
To build local networks they are used special devices and tools. In particular, a crimper is used to work with a twisted pair cable connector. In common parlance it may also be referred to simply as “crimping” or “crimping.”
This tool looks like pliers. One end of them is fixed. The second one consists of handles for performing force. Between them there may be several seats for connectors, depending on the design. Also included is sometimes a special blade for cutting and stripping wires.
After crimping the cable, it becomes necessary to quickly check whether the wires are positioned correctly. For this there is special kind tools - special testers that allow you to find out in real time about the presence of a contact.
Crimping process
To connect the network connection you will need: twisted pair cable connector cat. 5e or any other, the cable itself is of the required length and a crimper.
Depending on the purpose of the connection, you must first select a color scheme. Then you need to take care to remove the insulation. To do this, there is a special place on the “crimp” for this procedure in the form of a hole. The cable is inserted into it, clamped and turned in a circle. Only couples should remain. Now they must be manually unwoven on each side and collected in accordance with color scheme.
Using a knife on the tool, you need to trim off the excess wires, down to about one centimeter. Now it's time for the connector. It is most convenient to hold it with the latch facing up. You need to insert the pairs into special grooves until they stop. At this point, you should make sure that the color scheme matches the required one.
When everything is ready, the wires are in the connector and placed correctly, it is time to make the crimp. To do this, it is installed in seat crimper and the handles are squeezed with force. In this case, the copper contacts will cut into the wires and form a reliable connection.
This procedure must be carried out at both ends of the cable.
What to do if you don’t have a special tool at hand?
It is not profitable to buy an expensive crimper for the sake of one or two crimps. But in situations where you urgently need to connect the cable, there is a way out. To do this you will need a simple screwdriver.
As with the crimper, you first need to decide on a color scheme and also use a knife to strip the cable. By analogy, wires are inserted into a connector.
Now you need to use a screwdriver to press firmly and, most importantly, gently on the contacts. As a result, they should be slightly recessed relative to the body. The last thing to carefully press in is the plastic cable clamp. This method may not work the first time. In addition, the contacts may not be pressed completely, but if there is no other way out, then you will have to practice until you successfully crimp.
It is worth noting that the industry does not stand still, and there are already twisted pair connectors on the market that do not require special tools. They look like a regular connector with two drop-down panels. Below them are sockets into which the wires are inserted. Once snapped into place, the connector will automatically crimp. A fun and easy way to create a network without tools. The only thing you need to do is manually remove the braid.
Conclusion
In the world of twisted pair connectors or connectors, there are many various solutions. Some are universal, others are strictly defined by standards. In any case, their main goal is to create a stable connection between the cable and the connector.
Despite the widespread use wireless networks, twisted pair connectors are still relevant to this day. After all, you still need to connect the Internet to the router somehow. Therefore, twisted pair and all of it additional elements will remain trendy for a long time.
Recently, providers are increasingly using . It's simple and reliable way connections to the World Wide Web. What is especially important is that when using a local network, the user does not need to install any programs, drivers or additional equipment(like an ADSL modem).
Your Internet cable needs to be connected to the WAN port (Internet port) of the router, and the compressed twisted pair cable to the regular LAN port of the router and to your computer. After simply setting up your router, you will be able to use the Internet as before.
Method No. 3. To extend the Internet cable, you can twist it.
The easiest way. All you need is a piece of twisted pair cable of the length you need. It is not difficult to purchase uncrimped twisted pair cables.
After this, you need to cut your Internet cable in any convenient place and wedge in the purchased piece of twisted pair. This is quite easy to do. In order to connect a twisted pair cable, you do not need to solder anything. All you need to do is expose the conductors and carefully twist the twisted pair according to the colors. Naturally, everything needs to be properly insulated using electrical tape. You can watch the video on how to twist twisted pair cables.