When studying fires, the linear speed of propagation of the flame front is determined in all cases, since it is used to obtain data on the average speed of combustion propagation at typical objects. The spread of combustion from the initial point of origin in different directions can occur at different speeds. The maximum speed of combustion propagation is usually observed: when the flame front moves towards the openings through which gas exchange occurs; according to fire load having a high combustion surface coefficient; in the direction of the wind. Therefore, the speed of propagation of combustion in the time period under study is taken to be the speed of propagation in the direction in which it is maximum. Knowing the distance from the place of combustion to the boundary of the fire front at any time, you can determine the speed of its movement. Considering that the rate of combustion propagation depends on many factors, its value is determined subject to the following conditions (limitations):

1) fire from the source of ignition spreads in all directions at the same speed. Therefore, initially the fire has a circular shape and its area can be determined by the formula

S p= ·p · L 2; (2)

Where k- coefficient taking into account the magnitude of the angle in the direction of which the flame spreads; k= 1 if = 360º (add. 2.1.); k= 0.5 if α = 180º (Appendix 2.3.); k= 0.25 if α = 90º (Appendix 2.4.); L- the path traveled by the flame in time τ.

2) when the flame reaches the boundaries of the flammable load or the enclosing walls of the building (room), the combustion front straightens and the flame spreads along the boundary of the flammable load or the walls of the building (room);

3) the linear speed of flame propagation through solid combustible materials changes as the fire develops:

in the first 10 minutes of free fire development V l is taken equal to half,

after 10 minutes - standard values,

from the beginning of the impact of fire extinguishing agents on the combustion zone until the fire is localized, the amount used in the calculation is reduced by half.

4) when burning loose fibrous materials, dust and liquids, the linear speed of combustion propagation is determined in the intervals from the moment of combustion to the introduction of fire extinguishing agents for extinguishing.

The rate of combustion propagation during fire localization is less often determined. This speed depends on the fire situation, the intensity of the supply of fire extinguishing agents, etc.

The linear speed of combustion propagation, both during the free development of a fire and during its localization, is determined from the relation

where Δ L– path traveled by the flame during time Δτ, m.

Average values V l in case of fires at various objects are given in the appendix. 1.

When determining the rate of combustion propagation during the period of fire localization, the distance traveled by the combustion front during the time from the moment of insertion of the first trunk (along the paths of combustion propagation) to the localization of the fire is measured, i.e. when the increase in fire area becomes zero. If the linear dimensions cannot be determined from the diagrams and descriptions, then the linear speed of combustion propagation can be determined using the formulas for the circular area of ​​the fire, and for a rectangular fire development - from the growth rate of the fire area, taking into account the fact that the fire area increases according to a linear dependence, and S n = n. a. L (n- number of directions of fire development, a- width of the fire area of ​​the room.

Based on the obtained data, the values ​​of the linear speed of combustion propagation V l(Table 2.) a graph is built V l = f(τ) and conclusions are drawn about the nature of the fire development and the influence of the extinguishing factor on it (Fig. 3.).

Rice. 3. Change in the linear speed of combustion propagation over time

From the graph (Fig. 3.) it is clear that at the beginning of the development of the fire, the linear speed of combustion spread was insignificant, and the fire could be extinguished by the forces of voluntary fire brigades. After 10 min. After the fire broke out, the intensity of the combustion spread sharply increased and at 15:25. the linear speed of combustion propagation reached its maximum value. After introducing the trunks for extinguishing, the development of the fire slowed down and by the time of localization, the speed of propagation of the flame front became zero. Consequently, the necessary and sufficient conditions were met to stop the spread of fire:

I f ≥ I norm

V l, V s p = 0, there is enough strength and means.

MINISTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ON CIVIL DEFENSE, EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Federal State Budgetary Institution All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor Research Institute of Fire Defense EMERCOM of Russia

(FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)

I APPROVED

Boss

FSBI VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

Candidate of Technical Sciences

IN AND. Klimkin

Methodology

Tests to determine the linear speed of flame propagation

Solids and materials

Professor N.V. Smirnov

Moscow 2013

This methodology is intended for use by specialists of the Federal Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, supervisory authorities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, testing laboratories, research organizations, enterprises producing substances and materials, as well as organizations working in the field of ensuring fire safety of facilities.

The methodology was developed by the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia (Deputy Head of the Research Center for Fire Prevention and Fire Emergency Prevention, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor N.V. Smirnov; Chief Researcher, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor N.I. Konstantinova; Head of Sector , candidate of technical sciences O.I. Molchadsky; head of sector A.A.

The method presents the fundamental principles for determining the linear speed of flame propagation over the surface of solid substances and materials, as well as a description of the installation, principle of operation and other necessary information.

This technique uses an installation whose design basis complies with GOST 12.1.044-89 (clause 4.19) “Method for experimental determination of the flame propagation index.”

L. - 12, app. - 3

VNIIPO - 2013

Scope4 Normative references4Terms and definitions4Test equipment4Test samples5Calibration of the installation6Conducting tests6Evaluation of test results7Drawing up a test report7Safety requirements7Appendix A (Mandatory) General view of the installation9

Appendix B (Mandatory) Relative position of the radiation panel

And holder with sample 10

List of performers12Area of ​​application

This technique establishes the requirements for the method for determining the linear speed of flame propagation (LSRP) over the surface of horizontally located samples of solid substances and materials.

This method applies to flammable solids and materials, incl. construction, as well as for paint and varnish coatings.

The technique does not apply to substances in gaseous and liquid form, as well as bulk materials and dust.

Test results are only applicable to assessing material properties under controlled laboratory conditions and do not always reflect the behavior of materials under actual fire conditions.

This methodology uses normative references to the following standards:

GOST 12.1.005-88 System of occupational safety standards. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area.

GOST 12.1.019-79 (2001) System of labor safety standards.

Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection.

GOST 12.1.044-89 Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials.

Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination.

GOST 12766.1-90 Wire made of precision alloys with high electrical resistance.

GOST 18124-95 Flat asbestos-cement sheets. Technical conditions.

GOST 20448-90 (as amended 1, 2) Hydrocarbon liquefied fuel gases for municipal consumption. Technical conditions.

Terms and Definitions

In this methodology, the following terms with corresponding definitions are used:

Linear speed of flame propagation: The distance traveled by the flame front per unit time. This is a physical quantity characterized by the translational linear movement of the flame front in a given direction per unit time.

Flame Front: The area of ​​a spreading open flame in which combustion occurs.

Test equipment

The installation for determining the linear speed of flame propagation (Figure A.1) includes the following elements: a vertical stand on a support, an electric radiation panel, a sample holder, an exhaust hood, a gas burner and a thermoelectric converter.

The electric radiation panel consists of a ceramic plate, in the grooves of which a heating element (spiral) made of X20N80-N wire (GOST 12766.1) is evenly fixed. The parameters of the spiral (diameter, winding pitch, electrical resistance) must be such that the total power consumption does not exceed 8 kW. The ceramic plate is placed in a thermally insulated casing, mounted on a vertical stand and

Connected to the electrical network using a power supply. To increase the power of infrared radiation and reduce the influence of air flows, a mesh made of heat-resistant steel is installed in front of the ceramic plate. The radiation panel is installed at an angle of 600 to the surface of a horizontal sample.

The sample holder consists of a stand and a frame. The frame is fixed on the stand horizontally so that the lower edge of the electric radiation panel is located from the upper plane of the frame with the sample at a distance of 30 mm vertically and 60 mm horizontally (Figure B.1).

On the side surface of the frame there are control divisions every (30±1) mm.

An exhaust hood with dimensions (360×360×700) mm, installed above the sample holder, serves to collect and remove combustion products.

4.5. The gas burner is a 3.5 mm diameter tube made of heat-resistant steel with a sealed end and five holes located at a distance of 20 mm from each other. The burner in working position is installed in front of the radiation panel parallel to the surface of the sample along the length of the middle of the zero section. The distance from the burner to the surface of the test sample is (8±1) mm, and the axes of the five holes are oriented at an angle of 450 to the surface of the sample. To stabilize the pilot flame, the burner is placed in a single-layer metal mesh cover. The gas burner is connected by a flexible hose through a valve that regulates gas flow to a cylinder with propane-butane fraction. The gas pressure must be in the range (10÷50) kPa. In the “control” position, the burner is moved beyond the edge of the frame.

The power supply consists of a voltage regulator with a maximum load current of at least 20 A and an adjustable output voltage from 0 to 240 V.

A device for measuring time (stopwatch) with a measurement range of (0-60) min and an error of no more than 1 s.

Thermal anemometer - designed to measure air flow speed with a measurement range of (0.2-5.0) m/s and an accuracy of ±0.1 m/s.

To measure temperature (reference indicator) when testing materials, use a thermoelectric converter of the TXA type with a thermoelectrode diameter of no more than 0.5 mm, an insulated junction, with a measurement range of (0-500) oC, no more than 2 accuracy classes. The thermoelectric converter must have a protective casing made of stainless steel with a diameter of (1.6±0.1) mm, and be fixed in such a way that the insulated junction is located in the center of the cross-section of the narrowed part of the exhaust hood.

A device for recording temperature with a measurement range of (0-500) oC, no more than 0.5 accuracy class.

To measure linear dimensions, use a metal ruler or tape measure with a measurement range of (0-1000) mm and centimeter. 1 mm.

To measure atmospheric pressure, use a barometer with a measurement range of (600-800) mmHg. and c.d. 1 mmHg

To measure air humidity, use a hygrometer with a measurement range of (20-93)%, (15-40) oC and c.d. 0.2.

Test samples

5.1. To test one type of material, five samples are made with a length of (320 ± 2) mm, a width of (140 ± 2) mm, and an actual thickness, but not more than 20 mm. If the material thickness is more than 20 mm, it is necessary to cut off part

Material from the non-front side, so that the thickness is 20 mm. When making samples, the exposed surface should not be processed.

For anisotropic materials, two sets of samples are made (for example, weft and warp). When classifying a material, the worst test result is accepted.

For layered materials with different surface layers, two sets of samples are made to expose both surfaces. When classifying a material, the worst test result is accepted.

Roofing mastics, mastic coatings and paint coatings are tested applied to the same base as used in the actual structure. In this case, paint and varnish coatings should be applied in at least four layers, with the consumption of each layer in accordance with the technical documentation for the material.

Materials with a thickness of less than 10 mm are tested in combination with a non-combustible base. The fastening method must ensure tight contact between the surfaces of the material and the base.

As a non-combustible base, asbestos-cement sheets should be used with dimensions (320×140) mm, thickness 10 or 12 mm, manufactured in accordance with GOST 18124.

Samples are conditioned in laboratory conditions for at least 48 hours.

Installation calibration

Calibration of the installation should be carried out indoors at a temperature of (23±5)C and relative air humidity (50±20)%.

Measure the air flow speed in the center of the cross section of the narrowed part of the exhaust hood. It should be in the range (0.25÷0.35) m/s.

Adjust the gas flow through the pilot gas burner so that the height of the flames is (11±2) mm. After which the pilot burner is turned off and transferred to the “control” position.

Turn on the electric radiation panel and install the sample holder with a calibrating asbestos-cement slab, in which there are holes with heat flow sensors at three control points. The centers of the holes (control points) are located along the central longitudinal axis from the edge of the sample holder frame at a distance of 15, 150 and 280 mm, respectively.

Heat the radiation panel, providing a heat flux density in stationary mode for the first control point (13.5±1.5) kWm2, for the second and third points, respectively, (9±1) kWm2 and (4.6± 1) kWm2. The heat flux density is controlled by a Gordon-type sensor with an error of no more than

The radiation panel has entered stationary mode if the readings of the heat flow sensors reach the values ​​of the specified ranges and remain unchanged for 15 minutes.

Testing

Tests must be carried out indoors at a temperature of (23±5)C and relative humidity (50±20)%.

Adjust the air flow speed in the exhaust hood according to 6.2.

Heat the radiation panel and check the heat flux density at three control points according to 6.5.

Secure the test sample in the holder, apply marks on the front surface in increments of (30±1) mm, light the pilot burner, move it to the working position and adjust the gas flow according to 6.3.

Place the holder with the test sample in the installation (according to Figure B.1) and turn on the stopwatch at the moment the pilot burner flame contacts the surface of the sample. The ignition time of the sample is considered to be the moment the flame front passes the zero section.

The test lasts until the flame front stops propagating across the surface of the sample.

During the test, the following is recorded:

Sample ignition time, s;

Time i for the flame front to pass through each i-th section of the sample surface (i = 1.2, ... 9), s;

Total time  for the flame front to pass through all sections, s;

Distance L over which the flame front spread, mm;

Maximum temperature Tmax of flue gases, C;

Time to reach maximum flue gas temperature, s.

Evaluation of test results

For each sample, calculate the linear speed of flame propagation over the surface (V, m/s) using the formula

V= L /  ×10-3

The arithmetic average of the linear speed of flame propagation over the surface of the five tested samples is taken as the linear speed of flame propagation over the surface of the material under study.

8.2. The convergence and reproducibility of the method at a confidence level of 95% should not exceed 25%.

Drawing up a test report

The test report (Appendix B) provides the following information:

Name of the testing laboratory;

Name and address of the customer, manufacturer (supplier) of the material;

Indoor conditions (temperature, OS; relative humidity, %, atmospheric pressure, mmHg);

Description of the material or product, technical documentation, trademark;

Composition, thickness, density, mass and method of manufacturing samples;

For multilayer materials - the thickness and characteristics of the material of each layer;

Parameters recorded during testing;

The arithmetic mean of the linear speed of flame propagation;

Additional observations (material behavior during testing);

Performers.

Safety requirements

The room in which the tests are carried out must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. The operator’s workplace must

Meet electrical safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.1.019 and sanitary and hygienic requirements in accordance with GOST 12.1.005. Persons duly admitted to testing must be familiar with the technical description and operating instructions for testing and measuring equipment.

Appendix A (mandatory)

General view of the installation

1 – vertical stand on a support; 2 - electrical radiation panel; 3 - sample holder; 4 - exhaust hood; 5 - gas burner;

6 – thermoelectric converter.

Figure A.1 - General view of the installation

Appendix B (mandatory)

The relative position of the radiation panel and the holder with the sample

1 – electrical radiation panel; 2 – holder with sample; 3 - sample.

Figure B.1 – Relative position of the radiation panel and the holder with the sample

Test report form

Name of the organization performing the tests PROTOCOL No.

Determination of the linear speed of flame propagation over a surface

From “ ” Mr.

Customer (Manufacturer):

Name of material (brand, GOST, TU, etc.):

Material characteristics (density, thickness, composition, number of layers, color):

Indoor conditions (temperature, OS; relative humidity,%; atmospheric pressure, mmHg):

Name of test method:

Testing and measuring equipment (serial number, brand, verification certificate, measurement range, validity period):

Experimental data:

No. Time, pp. Maksim. temperature of flue gases Time for the flame front to pass through surface sections No. 19 Indicators of flame propagation

Ignition Achievements Tmax1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Length L, mm Linear velocity V, m/s1 2 3 4 5 Note: Conclusion: Performers:

List of performers:

Chief Researcher, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. N.I. Konstantinova Head of Sector, Ph.D. O.I. MolchadskyHead of Sector A.A. Merkulov

for basic combustible materials

Table 1

Linear speed of flame propagation over the surface of materials

Material	Linear speed of flame propagation over the surface X10 2 m s -1
1. Wastes from textile production in a loosened state
3. Loose cotton
4. Flax, loosened
5. Cotton+nylon (3:1)
6. Wood in stacks at humidity, %:
7. Hanging fleecy fabrics
8. Textile products in a closed warehouse with a loading of 100 m -2
9. Paper in rolls in a closed warehouse with a loading of 140 m2
10. Synthetic rubber in a closed warehouse with loading over 230 m2
11. Wooden coverings for large workshops, wooden walls finished with fibreboards
12. Furnace enclosing structures with insulation made of cast polyurethane foam
13. Straw and reed products
14. Fabrics (canvas, flannel, calico):
horizontally
in vertical direction
in the direction normal to the surface of the tissues, with a distance between them of 0.2 m
15. Sheet polyurethane foam
16. Rubber products in stacks
17. Synthetic coating “Scorton” at T = 180°C
18. Peat slabs in stacks
19. Cable ААШв1х120; APVGEZx35+1x25; AVVGZx35+1x25:
in a horizontal tunnel from top to bottom with a distance between shelves of 0.2 m
in horizontal direction
in vertical tunnels in the horizontal direction with a distance between rows of 0.2-0.4

table 2

Average burnout rate and lower heat of combustion of substances and materials

Substances and materials	Mass loss rate x10 3, kg m -2 s -1	Lower calorific value, kJ kg -1
Diethyl alcohol
Diesel fuel
Ethanol
Turbine oil (TP-22)
Isopropyl alcohol
Isopentane
Sodium metal
Wood (bars) 13.7%
Wood (furniture in residential and administrative buildings 8-10%)
Paper loosened
Paper (books, magazines)
Books on wooden shelves
Triacetate film
Carbolite products
Rubber CKC
Natural rubber
Organic glass
Polystyrene
Textolite
Polyurethane foam
Staple fiber
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Cotton in bales 190 kgx m -3
Cotton loosened
Flax loosened
Cotton+nylon (3:1)

Table 3

Smoke-forming ability of substances and materials

Substance or material	Smoke generating ability, D m, Np. m 2. kg -1
Butyl alcohol
Gasoline A-76
Ethyl acetate
Cyclohexane
Diesel fuel
Wood
Wood fiber (birch, pine)
Chipboard GOST 10632-77
Plywood GOST 3916-65
Fiberboard (Fibreboard)
Linoleum PVC TU 21-29-76-79
Fiberglass TU 6-11-10-62-81
Polyethylene GOST 16337-70
Tobacco “Yubileiny” 1st grade, content 13%
Foam plastic PVC-9 STU 14-07-41-64
Polyfoam PS-1-200
Rubber TU 38-5-12-06-68
High pressure polyethylene PEVF
PVC film grade PDO-15
Film brand PDSO-12
Turbine oil
Flax loosened
Viscose fabric
Decorative satin
Wool-blend furniture fabric
Tent canvas

Table 4

Specific output (consumption) of gases during combustion of substances and materials

Substance or material	Specific output (consumption) of gases, L i , kg. kg -1
Cotton + nylon (3:1)
Turbine oil TP-22
AVVG cables
APVG cable
Wood
Wood fire-protected with SDF-552

fire chemical combat control

The rate of growth of the fire area is the increase in the fire area over a period of time and depends on the speed of combustion spread, the shape of the fire area and the effectiveness of combat operations. It is determined by the formula:

Where: V sn- growth rate of fire area, m 2 /min; DS n is the difference between subsequent and previous values ​​of the fire area, m 2 ; Df - time interval, min.

333 m 2 /min

2000 m 2 /min

2222 m 2 /min

Fig 2.

Conclusion from the graph: The graph shows that a very high rate of fire development occurred in the initial period of time, this is explained by the properties of the burning material (flammable liquid-acetone). The spilled acetone quickly reached the premises and the fire was limited to the fire walls. The reduction in the rate of fire development was facilitated by the rapid introduction of powerful water trunks and the correct actions of the site personnel (the emergency drain was activated and the fire extinguishing system was launched, which did not work automatically, the supply ventilation was turned off).

Determination of the linear speed of combustion propagation

When studying fires, the linear speed of propagation of the flame front is determined in all cases, since it is used to obtain data on the average speed of combustion propagation at typical objects. The spread of combustion from the initial point of origin in different directions can occur at different speeds. The maximum speed of combustion propagation is usually observed: when the flame front moves towards the openings through which gas exchange occurs; by fire load

This speed depends on the fire situation, the intensity of the supply of fire extinguishing agents, etc.

The linear speed of combustion propagation, both during the free development of a fire and during its localization, is determined from the relationship:

where: L is the distance traveled by the combustion front in the time period under study, m;

f 2 - f 1 - time period in which the distance traveled by the combustion front was measured, min.

Administrative buildings................................................ ................................... 1.0 1.5

Libraries, book depositories, archives.................................................... 0.5 1.0

Woodworking enterprises:

Sawmill shops (buildings I, II, III degree of fire resistance) .................... 1.0 3.0

The same (buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance.................................................. ..... 2.0 5.0

Dryers........................................................ ........................................................ .......... 2.0 2.5

Procurement shops................................................... .................................... 1.0 1.5

Plywood production................................................................ ..................................... 0.8 1.5

premises of other workshops......................................................... ..................................... 0.8 1.0

Residential buildings........................................................ ........................................................ .......... 0.5 0.8

Corridors and galleries................................................................... ................................................ 4, 0 5.0

Cable structures (cable burning) .................................................... ............. 0.8 1.1

Forested areas (wind speed 7-10 m/s and humidity 40%):

Rada sphagnum pine forest.................................................... ........................................ up to 1.4

Elnik-long-moss and green-moss.................................................... ............... up to 4.2

Green moss pine forest (berry bush) .................................................... ........................... up to 14.2

White-moss pine forest.................................................... .................................... up to 18.0

vegetation, forest litter, undergrowth,

tree stand during crown fires and wind speed, m/s:

8 9 ..................................... ........................................................ ......................up to 42

10 12 .................................... ........................................................ ...................up to 83

the same along the edge on the flanks and in the rear at wind speed, m/s:

8 9 .......................................................................................................................... 4 7

Museums and exhibitions........................................................ ........................................................ .1.0 1.5

Transport facilities:

Garages, tram and trolleybus depots.................................................... ..... 0.5 1.0

Repair halls of hangars................................................... ................................... 1.0 1.5

Sea and river vessels:

Combustible superstructure in case of internal fire.................................................... 1 .2 2.7

The same in case of an external fire................................................... ........................... 2.0 6.0

Internal superstructure fires, if any

synthetic finishes and open openings.................................................... ........ 1.0 2.0

Polyurethane foam

Textile industry enterprises:

Textile production premises................................................................... ......... 0.5 1.0

Also if there is a layer of dust on the structures................................................. .1.0 2.0

fibrous materials in a loosened state............................................. 7.0 8, 0

Combustible coatings of large areas (including hollow ones) ..................... 1.7 3.2

Combustible roof and attic structures.................................................... ............ 1.5 2.0

Peat in stacks......................................................... ........................................................ 0.8 1.0

Flax fiber......................................................... ........................................................ ....... 3.0 5.6

Textile products........................................................ ........................................... 0.3 0.4

Papers in rolls......................................................... ........................................................ 0.3 0.4

Rubber technical products (in the building)................................................... ............. 0.4 1.0

Rubber technical products (in stacks on

open area) ..................................................... ........................................... 1.0 1 ,2

Rubber........................................................ ........................................................ .......... 0.6 1.0

Lumber:

Round timber in stacks.................................................... ................................... 0.4 1.0

lumber (boards) in stacks at humidity, %:

Up to 16 .................................... ........................................................ ........................ 4.0

16 18 ........................................................................................................................ 2,3

18 20 ........................................................................................................................ 1,6

20 30 ........................................................................................................................ 1,2

Over 30 ................................................ ........................................................ ................... 1.0

heaps of pulpwood at humidity, %:

Up to 40 .................................... ........................................................ ............ 0.6 1.0

more than 40 .................................................... ........................................................ ............... 0.15 02

Drying departments of leather factories.................................................... ....................... 1.5 2.2

Rural settlements:

Residential area with dense buildings of grade V

fire resistance, dry weather and strong wind.................................................... ......... 20 25

Thatched roofs of buildings................................................... ........................... 2.0 4.0

Bedding in livestock buildings................................................................. .1.5 4.0

Steppe fires with high and dense grass

cover, as well as grain crops in dry weather

and strong wind................................................... ........................................................ .. 400 600

Steppe fires with low, sparse vegetation

and calm weather........................................................ ........................................................ ......... 15 18

Theaters and palaces of culture (stage) ............................................... ........................... 1.0 3.0

Trading enterprises, warehouses and bases

inventory items................................................................... ........................... 0.5 1.2

Printing houses........................................................ ........................................................ .......... 0.5 0.8

Milled peat (in mining fields) at wind speed, m/s:

10 14 ................................................................................................................. 8,0 10

18 20 .................................................................................................................. 18 20

Refrigerators........................................................ ........................................................ ..... 0.5 0.7

Schools, medical institutions:

Buildings I and II degree of fire resistance.................................................... ............... 0.6 1.0

Buildings of III and IV degree of fire resistance.................................................... ............. 2.0 3.0

Appendix 8

(Informative)

Intensity of water supply when extinguishing fires, l/m 2 s.

Administrative buildings:

V – degree of fire resistance................................................... ........................ 0.15

basements........................................................ ................................ 0.1

attic rooms......................................................... .. 0.1

Hangars, garages, workshops, trams

and trolleybus depots................................................... .................................... 0.2

Hospitals; ........................................................ ........................................................ ..0.1

Residential buildings and outbuildings:

I – III degree of fire resistance.................................................... ........................... 0.06

IV – degree of fire resistance.................................................... ........................... 0.1

V – degree of fire resistance................................................... ........................... 0.15

basements........................................................ ................................ 0.15

attic spaces; ........................................................ ........................... 0.15

Livestock buildings:

I – III degree of fire resistance.................................................... ........................... 0.1

IV – degree of fire resistance.................................................... ........................... 0.15

V – degree of fire resistance................................................... ........................... 0.2

Cultural and entertainment institutions (theaters,

cinemas, clubs, palaces of culture):

· Scene................................................... ........................................................ ....... 0.2

· auditorium............................................... ........................................... 0.15

· utility rooms......................................................... ........................... 0.15

Mills and elevators................................................... .................................... 0.14

Industrial buildings:

I – II degree of fire resistance.................................................... .................... 0.15

III – degree of fire resistance................................................... .................... 0.2

IV – V degree of fire resistance.................................................... ............... 0.25

paint shops................................................... ........................................ 0.2

Basements........................................................ ........................... 0.3

Attic rooms......................................................... ........................... 0.15

· combustible coatings of large areas:

When extinguishing from below inside the building................................................... ............ 0.15

When extinguishing from the outside from the coating side.................................................... 0.08

When extinguishing from outside when a fire has developed.................................... 0.15

Buildings under construction0.1

Trade enterprises and warehouses

inventory items................................................................... ................... 0.2

Refrigerators........................................................ ........................................... 0.1

Power plants and substations:

· cable tunnels and mezzanines

(supply of finely sprayed water) .................................................... ............... 0.2

· machine rooms and boiler rooms................................................... .... 0.2

· fuel supply galleries........................................................ ........................ 0.1

· transformers, reactors, oil

switches (mist water supply)............................................. 0.1