Water purification systems from wells and wells for a country house. Water treatment for the home: main types of filters and systems Water purification system in a private home
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Users of our portal know that as part of a project with FORUMHOUSE, we and our partners built a modern cottage in the Moscow region. During the construction of the house, materials and technologies were used to ensure the maximum level of comfort. In particular, specialists installed a water purification system, with the help of which residents of the cottage will receive drinking water. Therefore, within the framework of this article, in the format of a master class, we, with the help of an expert from the Geyser Group of Companies, will answer the following questions:
- How to choose a water treatment system in a cottage.
- How water is purified to drinking quality.
- What equipment is used for this?
Nuances of choosing equipment for a water treatment system for a country house
A modern country house is equipped with the latest technology. It includes all engineering systems that ensure its vital functions and comfort for residents. An important role among them is played by water supply, the task of which is not only to supply water for taking a bath, washing dishes, cooking and, especially, for drinking, but also to prepare it in a special way.
Alexander PimenovDeputy General Director of the Geyser Group of Companies for Science
Water is not just H 2 O. Water contains both useful and harmful impurities. Healthy ones are mineral salts, which in too large quantities, on the contrary, do not bring any benefit. When choosing components of a water treatment system, first of all, the user should be concerned about harmful impurities, in other words, pollution.
To understand the essence, everything “harmful” can be divided into:
- Mechanical impurities undissolved in water. This is sand, silt, clay, suspended matter, rust, etc.
- Dissolved chemical compounds:
- inorganic substances: excess hardness salts, compounds of iron, manganese, heavy metals, radioactive substances can also be found in water;
- organic compounds, including natural humic acids contained in the soil, as well as toxic, chlorine-containing substances, etc.
- Biological contaminants - bacteria and viruses.
Harmful substances can get into the soil, and from there into water, for example, into a well or shallow well, due to the discharge of industrial waste and vehicle exhaust gases. Often, plots for individual housing construction are allocated in places where agriculture was previously intensively carried out, and the entire “chemical cocktail” from fertilizers has long penetrated into the soil.
Even if water extracted from a well or well does not taste, smell or color suspicious, this does not mean that it does not contain harmful chemical elements and substances.
Therefore, all water, both drinking and technical, used for laundry, washing dishes, etc., must comply with sanitary rules and regulations. The quality of water in urban networks is regulated by the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 (Hygienic requirements for water quality in centralized drinking water supply systems).
Citizens who are not satisfied with the quality of water centrally supplied by municipal services (Vodokanals) can install household filters in their apartments. Such filters will purify water from mechanical impurities, for example, rust (that got into the water due to old pipes), chemicals, organics, bacteria, etc.
A suburban resident, unlike someone who lives in the city and has a “first line of defense” in the form of the Vodokanal water station, is deprived of such an advantage. From here: When purifying water, the owner of a country house should be guided by the rule “take care of yourself.”
Alexander Pimenov
A country house is usually not connected to a centralized water treatment system, so purchasing and installing a simple household filter will not get you off. It will quickly become clogged if it is supplied with river or lake water with a large amount of sand, silt, aquatic life, etc. Well and well water can be destructive due to the abundance of inorganic substances and natural organic humic acids. Therefore, in front of the household filter, you need to install a special water purification system for cottages - an analogue of city treatment facilities, but in an individual format.
The question arises: how to choose such equipment and install it? You need to start with detailed laboratory analysis (composition) of water.
This will allow you to find out what impurities and harmful substances are in the water, which of them exceed the permissible concentrations, and then select a water treatment system that is best suited for a particular situation.
Methods for purifying water in a cottage
When choosing a system and equipment for water treatment in a country house, you should adhere to the following algorithm: first, a laboratory analysis of the water is carried out, then substances and compounds are identified, the content of which exceeds the maximum permissible standards, then a water treatment system is selected and designed, then the equipment is installed on site, then - The operation of the equipment is checked and it is put into operation.
In fact, each of the above points may have sub-points. First you need to understand what equipment, how and what purifies water. For example, household filters do the following:
- “Mechanics” are cleaned with mechanical filters.
- “Chemistry” is cleaned using chemical and physical-chemical methods, namely: inorganics are cleaned mainly by ion exchange, organics - mainly by sorption.
- “Biology” is cleaned with special techniques: active silver added to sorbents gets rid of bacteria; Only membranes (reverse osmosis, nanofiltration) and other high-tech methods, for example, ultraviolet irradiation of water, will get rid of viruses.
Alexander Pimenov
The reverse osmosis membrane is universal and takes on the work of all the methods described above. This method of purification is suitable for all types of water - soft, hard, super-hard, ferrous.
With reverse osmosis, the pores of the membrane allow only water and oxygen molecules to pass through. Although substances with a molecular size smaller than H 2 O also pass through them, there are usually few of them.
Important: When installing a reverse osmosis system, one of the key elements of the system is the mineralizer. It contains natural components that restore the mineral composition of water that has passed through the reverse osmosis membrane.
The principle of operation of the water treatment system of a country house
Consider the following example of choosing water treatment equipment and components for a cottage.
Let’s say, based on the results of the analysis, it turned out that the water needs to be purified from hydrogen sulfide, ferrous iron (iron dissolved in water) and manganese.
To do this, you can install a comprehensive system with aeration, which prepares water suitable for use in the bathroom when showering, using the toilet, washing dishes and other household needs. The diagram of such a system is shown in the figure below.
- Disc filter for mechanical cleaning - so-called. "sump". With its help, the water entering the house from the water supply is pre-purified from mechanical impurities (sand, silt) with a size of 100 microns.
- An aeration column for saturating water with atmospheric oxygen for the purpose of subsequent oxidation and removal of inorganic pollutants: compounds of iron, manganese and gases dissolved in water, mainly hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Subsequent oxidation and removal of contaminants occurs in a column located between devices 2 and 3 in the picture. The filter material loaded into the column combines two functions: acceleration of the oxidation reaction (it is a catalyst for the process) and precipitation of oxidation products, i.e. physically removing them from the water.
- A softener for removing inorganic pollutants - excess hardness salts (calcium and magnesium salts) with a blue tank where a solution of table salt is prepared to regenerate the filter material.
The column operation mode can be controlled automatically or manually.
- Filter with mechanical cleaning cartridge. This filter is necessary to retain undissolved impurities “at the finish”, and also to prevent the load from being carried out from the system into the pipeline supplying water to the consumer.
After the mechanical cleaning cartridge, you can install an ultraviolet lamp to disinfect (disinfect) water, which kills fungi, viruses, bacteria and algae.
Important: to purify “complex” water with a large number of harmful elements, it is not necessary to install a separate column with its own type of loading to remove each substance. In order not to install an overly complex system consisting of several columns and taking up too much space in the technical room of the cottage, you can use a multi-component loading. Such a universal load is capable of purifying water from dissolved iron, manganese, hardness salts, heavy metal ions, etc.
- filtration – at this stage water purification occurs;
- regeneration - at this stage the filtering properties of the load are restored, which ensures a long service life of the system.
Next, after cleaning and preparing the so-called. technical water is further purified to the state of high-quality drinking water using a special system based on a reverse osmosis membrane.
Conclusion: The meaning of high-quality water purification lies in a multi-stage and integrated approach, when for each type of pollution its own system, type of equipment and type of loading are selected. Professional companies with extensive experience can handle this best.
The desire of people to improve the quality of water resources used is not a whim or a whim, but an indispensable condition for maintaining their own health, extending the service life of water supply systems, household and sanitary equipment. The tap water entering our houses and apartments is, as a rule, of low quality, and often has deviations from the norms in the concentration of iron, hardness salts, chlorine, bacterial contamination, etc. In this connection, the competent organization of a water purification system for a cottage (country house) has long acquired high relevance for their owners. The goal is achieved by installing special water treatment equipment. We recommend using equipment from trusted manufacturers for these purposes: .
Depending on the results of a preliminary water analysis, a ready-made solution for water purification in a country house/cottage may include:
- mechanical coarse filter that removes large impurities and particles;
- iron remover, which removes iron and manganese from water;
- softener, reducing the concentration of hardness salts;
- sorption carbon filter for fine cleaning;
- disinfectant that removes organic compounds from water;
- reverse osmosis filter.
Water treatment systems for cottages from the company "RussFilter"
Water treatment for a cottage requires professional design, carried out after water analysis, which will determine the nature and level of its pollution. In our laboratory, chemical analysis of water is carried out within 24 hours after sampling. Based on its results, we will select for you the best option for completing a water purification system for a country house, the price of which will depend on the filters included in it.
In addition to the selection and sale of water treatment equipment, we provide a full range of related services to provide the customer’s facility with clean, usable water. It includes installation, commissioning, customer instruction in the operation of equipment and warranty/post-warranty service.