System of maintenance and repair of power equipment: a Handbook. Rules for the safe operation of technological equipment and production equipment

MEAT DISHES

Kinds technological equipment, production equipment and its safe use in the preparation of meat dishes. Rules safe operation technological equipment and production inventory.

2. Commodity characteristics of raw materials. Culinary use of the main raw materials (meat), spices, seasonings, food flavoring and aromatic mixtures, industrial sauces, vinegars, food additives, wines, cheeses for the preparation of complex hot culinary meat products and options for their use.

Sauce department of the hot shop. The sauce department is intended for preparation of second courses, garnishes and sauces. To perform various processes of thermal and mechanical processing of products, workplaces are equipped with appropriate equipment and a variety of utensils, tools, and inventory.

They select thermal and mechanical equipment in accordance with the standards for equipping enterprises with equipment Catering.
The main equipment of the sauce department are cookers, ovens, electric frying pans, fryers, as well as cooking pots, universal drive. Stationary digesters are used in the sauce department in large workshops for cooking vegetable and cereal side dishes.

Barbecue houses are installed in hot shops of specialized enterprises and restaurants. The enterprises use sausage cookers, egg cookers, etc.

Acceleration of food cooking can be achieved by using microwave devices. In microwave devices, semi-finished products are heated throughout the entire volume of the product due to the properties of electromagnetic waves to penetrate into the product to a considerable depth.

Sauce department equipment can be grouped into two or three technological lines.

First line is intended for heat treatment and preparation of dishes from semi-finished products from meat, fish, vegetables, as well as for the preparation of side dishes and sauces in stove-top dishes. The line consists of sectional modulated equipment and includes an oven, stoves, electric frying pans, fryers. In restaurants, food warmers are also installed in this line, designed for short-term storage of second courses in a hot state.

The workplace of the cook of the sauce department:

Marmite for sauces;

Four burner stove;

Thermal inserts;

fryer;

Pan;

Two-chamber oven cabinet;

Table with built-in washing bathtub;

Industrial table;

Dial or electronic scales;

Table for installation of small-scale mechanization;

Table with refrigerated cabinet and slide;

Wall tablet for technological map

Second line designed to perform auxiliary operations and includes sectional modulated tables: a table with a built-in washing bath, a table for installing small-scale mechanization equipment, a table with a cooled slide and a wardrobe (in restaurants).

Meat, fish, vegetable semi-finished products are prepared for heat treatment on production tables. A production table with a refrigerated slide and a cabinet is used in restaurants for portioning and decorating dishes.

third line- for cooking side dishes. The work of the cooks of the sauce department begins with familiarization with the production program (menu plan), selection of technological maps, specification of the amount of products needed for cooking. Then the cooks receive products, semi-finished products, and select dishes. In the restaurant, fried and baked dishes are prepared only by order of visitors; labor-intensive dishes that require a lot of time to cook (stews, sauces) are prepared in small batches.

It is forbidden to leave the next day in the sauce department of the hot shop:

Pancakes with meat and cottage cheese, chopped products from meat, poultry, fish;

Mashed potatoes, boiled pasta.

In raw materials and food products used for cooking, the content of potentially hazardous substances of chemical and biological origin(toxic elements, antibiotics, pesticides, pathogenic microorganisms, etc.) should not exceed the norms established by biomedical requirements and sanitary standards food quality. This requirement is specified in GOST R 50763-95 “Public catering. Culinary products sold to the public. General technical conditions".

Sauce department uses:

Stove boilers with a capacity of 20, 30,40,50 liters for cooking and stewing dishes from meat, vegetables; boilers (boxes) for cooking and poaching whole fish and links;
- boilers for cooking diet food for a couple with a grate-liner;
- pans with a capacity of 1,5,2,4,5,8 and 10 liters for preparing a small number of portions of boiled, stewed second courses, sauces;
- saucepans with a capacity of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 liters for sauteing vegetables, tomato puree. Unlike boilers, stewpans have a thickened bottom;

Trays metal and large cast iron pans for frying semi-finished products from meat, fish, vegetables, poultry;
- small and medium cast-iron frying pans with a handle for frying pancakes, pancakes, cooking omelettes;
- frying pans with 5, 7 and 9 cells for cooking fried eggs in bulk;
- cast-iron frying pans with a press for frying tobacco chicken, etc.

Inventory:

Corollas, veselka, chef's forks (large and small);
- roar;

Blades for pancakes, meatballs, fish;

A device for straining the broth, different sieves, scoops,

umovki, skewers for frying shish kebabs.

In the sauce department, jobs are organized mainly by type of heat treatment. For example, a workplace for frying and browning products and semi-finished products; the second - for cooking, stewing and poaching products; the third - for the preparation of side dishes and cereals.
At the workplace, cooks use stoves, ovens, production tables and mobile racks for frying and sautéing products. In restaurants where the assortment of dishes is more diverse and deep-fried dishes are prepared on an open fire (grilled sturgeon, grilled poultry, etc.), electric grills are included in the heating line. Prepared semi-finished products in a grid are immersed in a deep fryer with heated fat, then the finished products, together with a grid or slotted spoon, are transferred to a colander installed on a saucepan to drain excess fat. If the assortment of dishes includes kebabs, then a specialized workplace is organized, consisting of a production table and a kebab oven.

Workplaces for cooking, stewing, poaching and baking products are organized taking into account the performance of several operations by cooks at the same time. For this purpose, thermal equipment (stoves, ovens, electric frying pans) are grouped with the calculation of the convenience of the transition of cooks from one operation to another. Auxiliary operations are carried out on production tables installed parallel to the heating line. Thermal equipment can be installed not only in a line, but also in an island way.

Rules for the safe operation of technological equipment and production equipment.

It is possible to disassemble, lubricate, clean the equipment only after stopping the machine and disconnecting it from sources of electricity, steam, gas;

Opening the lids of boilers and pouring out their contents is allowed no earlier than 5 minutes after the cessation of the supply of steam or electricity;

Before laying products in hot fat, it is necessary to remove liquid from them and lay them away from you;

Open the lids of boilers with boiling liquid in such a way that steam comes out from the opposite side;

Boilers with hot liquid or weighing more than 15 kg may only be removed by two people.

Cooks and other employees of the hot shop are required to study the rules for operating the equipment and be instructed by the foreman.

Commodity characteristics of raw materials - meat

Meat is a food product obtained after slaughter of cattle and undergone post-slaughter processing: bleeding, slaughterhouse cutting (removal of failure, entrails, skins, etc.), maturation, cooling and marking. It consists of muscle, connective, bone and adipose tissue.

Depending on the type and age of animals, beef and veal, pork and piglets, lamb, goat meat and other types of meat are distinguished.

According to the thermal state, the meat can be chilled, frozen, cooled. With slaughterhouse processing, the meat yield ranges from 50 to 60% of live weight.

By fatness, meat is divided into: beef, lamb and goat meat of categories 1 and 2, pork - fatty, bacon, meat and cut.

The properties of raw materials determine the method of its culinary use, the scheme of mechanical processing and the amount of waste. So, frozen meat requires prior defrosting. The number of bones when cutting beef carcasses of the 1st fatness category is 26.4%, and the 2nd category is 29.5%, etc.

Meat is delivered to public catering enterprises in whole carcasses, half carcasses, smaller parts of carcasses or in the form of semi-finished products prepared for culinary use.

Meat is one of the most valuable food products. First of all, it contains a significant amount of proteins (in%): beef - 18.6-20, lamb - 15.6 - 19.8, fatty pork - 11-12, etc. most of these proteins are complete. They contain all the essential amino acids, which are also in close to optimal ratios. The amount of fat varies depending on the type of meat and its fatness within a very wide range: from 1-2% in veal, to 49% in fatty pork.

The operation of technical means is understood as a set of organizational actions of engineering and technical workers and workers to bring equipment into the required state, its effective use and maintenance of operational and technical parameters within the specified limits.

In general, the entire period of operation consists of the following stages: transportation of equipment to the place of operation, pre-installation storage, installation of equipment, preparation for use, intended use (operation), maintenance and repair.

Transportation of equipment refers to the delivery of equipment and its installation at a trade enterprise. This period is episodic and occurs when new equipment is installed or old equipment is replaced due to the end of its service life. Transportation of the equipment must be carried out in full accordance with the "Transportation Instructions" developed by the manufacturer.

Storage is a set of measures that ensure the safety of equipment in a non-working state at intervals not related to the use of equipment for its intended purpose (operation). During storage, the equipment may be located in warehouses, open or closed areas, in the working premises of trade and public catering enterprises. During storage, the safety of equipment is ensured by maintaining conditions that limit the impact of the external environment on it, through conservation and appropriate maintenance.

Installation of equipment is aimed at installing equipment in the working premises of the enterprise, its debugging and start-up. Installation of equipment is carried out in full accordance with the design and design documentation.

Preparation of equipment for use includes a set of measures, as a result of which the equipment is brought from non-operational to a state of readiness for use as intended. Preparation for operation of the equipment can be carried out both after its installation and after its intended use. In the latter case, it is called operational preparation for work. Typical activities that are carried out in the preparation of equipment for use are; reopening, visual inspection, checking the functioning (operability) of all systems and testing in various modes. During operational preparation for use, an external inspection, technical diagnostics of the performance of all equipment systems, its testing in various modes, testing of devices that ensure safe operation, and other labor protection measures are carried out.

The use of equipment for its intended purpose is the direct use of equipment to perform technological processes. The use of equipment for its intended purpose is the most critical stage of operation, the correct implementation of which depends on the reliability and safety of its operation. The work of operators in this period is regulated by a certain set of technological and operational technical documentation. At the same time, in this period, the engineering and technical personnel of the enterprise carry out work on the generalization of operating experience, ultimately aimed at improving operational reliability and operational safety.

Maintenance is a phase of operation, with the aim of maintaining operability and other operational and technical characteristics within established limits. The essence of maintenance is the control and prevention of all equipment systems.

Repair is a stage of operation during which operations are carried out with the aim of bringing the equipment into working condition as per a certain preventive plan, and for the restoration of equipment due to failures.

On fig. 11.1 shows a block diagram of equipment operation.

Figure 11.1 - Structural scheme operation of commercial equipment

As follows from the above diagram, a significant number of enterprises, engineering and technical workers and workers (operators) are involved in the operation process. In this regard, the operation of the equipment requires purposeful actions of engineers, operators, mechanics, workers - repairmen and other maintenance personnel.

This problem can be solved if all participants in the operation process operate according to a single technology.

As you know, technology is understood as a documented scientific generalization of methods of work.

The entire operation process consists of a set of certain technological processes, which are based on technological operations performed by the operator (worker) at one workplace.

At the same time, each separate action operator represents a technological transition.

A consistent description of technological operations with the necessary illustrations and diagrams is displayed in the main engineering and technological document - the operational technological map.

An operational and technological map is compiled for each operator participating in this technological process. The operational-technological map should contain the following information:

Name of technological transition;

Transition time;

production rate;

A sketch of the execution of transitions or an operation as a whole.

ultimate goal carrying out operational and technological processes is to ensure maximum efficiency use of the equipment.

Improper operation of the equipment can cause breakdowns and accidents. A breakdown is understood as a slight damage to machine parts that does not disrupt the production process on the site, in the workshop. An accident is understood as the failure of a machine or a number of machines, accompanied by a disruption in the production process or damage to critical mechanisms and individual parts. The situation of the accident or breakdown should not be disturbed until the arrival of the commission of inquiry.

General safety requirements for the design of process equipment

General requirements safety requirements for the design of process equipment are established by GOST 12.2.003-91 “SSBT. Production equipment. General safety requirements”. Elements of the design of machines should not have sharp corners, edges, etc., representing a source of danger during maintenance. The design shall exclude the possibility of accidental contact with hot or subcooled parts. All its elements, including inlet and outlet communications, must prevent the possibility of accidental damage that causes a hazard during maintenance. Compressed air, steam, water supply systems must comply with current requirements and standards.

The release of heat, moisture and dust into the production room should not exceed the limit levels (concentrations) established for work areas. For this purpose, built-in devices must be installed to remove explosive and flammable substances from the places of their formation. Ventilation and air conditioning, as well as aspiration of equipment, should be provided in industrial premises.

Units and parts of machines must be made of safe and harmless materials. As a rule, new materials undergo sanitary and hygienic and fire safety checks. Workplaces should be safe and convenient for performing machine maintenance work. All machine parts that require lubrication are provided with automatic lubricators or oilers with reservoirs of sufficient capacity to be filled during machine stops.

The design of the machines must provide for protection against electric shock, including cases of erroneous actions of the operating personnel. In addition, the possibility of accumulation of static electricity charges in hazardous quantities must be excluded. To this end, all machines, apparatus, sections of gravity pipes and other devices that generate a charge of static electricity are provided with a reliable grounding system. The design of the equipment should also provide for alarm systems, automatic shutdown and disconnection from energy sources in case of malfunctions, accidents and dangerous operating modes.

Moving parts of equipment that are a source of danger are protected. If the equipment is operated without a fence, then in this case, a warning signal is installed to start the machines and a means of stopping and disconnecting from the power source. In the presence of transporting machines of considerable length, means of stopping are located at least every 10 m. Production equipment, the service of which is associated with the movement of people, must have convenient and safe passages and devices for conducting work (stairs, pedestals, work platforms).

The following basic requirements are imposed on the equipment controls:

• in shape, surface dimensions, they must be safe and easy to use;
• their location (accessibility) should not impede the performance of individual operations;
• the effort to actuate the controls should not be too large (unbearable) or small (accidental touch causes the machines to start or stop);
• the design should exclude spontaneous start-up or stop of the equipment;
• controls of the same type of equipment should be unified.

Means of protection of hazardous areas of equipment. To prevent industrial injuries during equipment maintenance, it is necessary to install special devices that enclose hazardous areas. The latter represent a space where dangerous factors constantly or periodically act, creating the possibility of injury. For example, dangerous areas are belt, gear, chain and other gears; feeding and grinding areas of roller mills, etc.

To protect against action dangerous factors the following basic means of protection are used: protective, safety and signaling devices, as well as remote control.

Protective devices. For safety reasons, it is mandatory to protect:

• moving parts of machines (pulleys, belts, chains, gears, couplings, protruding shaft ends, etc.);
• open current-carrying parts of electrical equipment;
• zones of flying particles;
• zones of high temperatures and pressures;
• explosive zones;
• hatches, openings;
• high work areas.

By design, protective devices are divided into stationary, removable and portable (Fig. 10.1).

Stationary guards permanently close the danger zone, but can be removed for inspection, lubrication or repair of working parts. Such fences must be firmly attached to fixed parts of the equipment or to building structures at least at three points.

Rice. 10.1. Types of fences: a - stationary; b - mobile

Removable guards are installed in areas that require periodic access, such as tool change, workpiece setting, adjustment, etc. in batch machines. Removable guards must have a lock that excludes the possibility of operating machines without a guard.

Blocking devices are of various types: electro-mechanical, mechanical, electrical, photoelectric, etc. When the guards are removed or incorrectly installed, the power supply circuit of the machine's engine is disrupted.

Portable fences of hazardous areas are installed for a limited period, for example, to cover installation hatches, trenches and other openings.

To the design various kinds barriers of hazardous areas have the following basic requirements:

• removable, folding, sliding fences, as well as doors, covers, shields of these fences or machine bodies must have devices that prevent their accidental removal or opening (reliable fixation, blocking);
• lattice (mesh) guards for belt drives should be located no closer than 50 mm from moving parts, the size of the gaps, the width of the slots in the gratings, the blinds should be no more than 10 mm, the mesh sizes in the grids should be no more than 20 x 20 mm;
• fences must withstand accidental loads from the service personnel (concentrated) of at least 70 kg;
• metal enclosing structures (solid) with an area of ​​​​more than 0.75 m 2 and a thickness of less than 3 mm are provided with vibration-absorbing coatings;
• Hazardous area fences on the outside should be painted yellow, and on the inside - red.

Safety devices. They serve to prevent accidents and breakdowns of individual units of equipment, transport communications and the associated risk of injury. If the set parameters are violated, the safety devices operate automatically, turning off the corresponding equipment.

Signaling devices. They are intended for information of the service personnel about the operation of the equipment or violation of the established modes, in which dangerous situations may arise.

In production situations, a system of operational and warning alarms is used. According to the method of notification, the alarm system can be light, sound, sign and combined. The alarm notifies about reaching the limit level of temperature, pressure, the presence and absence of the product, water, air and other parameters. Warning alarms also include signs like: “Do not turn on - repair!”, “People are working!”, “Caution, poison!” and so on.

Remote control. Helps to improve working conditions, reduce the impact on the human body of vibration, noise and other harmful and dangerous factors. The introduction of a highly mechanized and automated production process, controlled remotely from the console, makes it possible to reduce the time spent by service personnel directly in the production premises.

Technological, transport and other equipment, material ducts and air ducts must be located so that their installation, repair and maintenance ensure safety and convenience, as well as the ability to maintain the necessary sanitary condition of industrial premises.

Industry safety and sanitation regulations provide for certain passages and gaps, which are the minimum distances between objects of which one or both pose a potential injury hazard if the distance between them is reduced.

When placing stationary equipment in the production premises of enterprises, it is necessary to provide for transverse and longitudinal passages directly connected with exits to staircases or adjacent premises, gaps between groups of machines with a width of at least 1 m, and between separate machines- not less than 0.8 m (except for separately stipulated cases).

Equipment that does not have any moving parts at all or on any one side and does not require maintenance from this side (gravity pipeline, material pipeline, air duct, etc.) can be installed at a distance of at least 0.25 m from the wall.

When installing equipment, carefully align its position vertically and horizontally and fix it on bases, foundations and flow ceilings.

Persons who know the principle of operation, device, rules of operation and maintenance of the equipment, who have passed the appropriate briefing and medical examination, are allowed to service the equipment.

The equipment must be in good working order, and the parameters of its operation must comply technical data sheets. Rotating machine components (shafts, rotors, etc.) must be balanced both as an assembly and as separate parts. Unusual noise, knocking, vibration and jamming of working bodies, as well as overloading of machines should not be allowed.

It is prohibited to start and operate machines with faulty or removed guards, blocking, safety and signaling devices. During operation of the machine, it is also forbidden to remove and put on drive belts, adjust the tension of traction and working bodies (blades of whips, augers, brushes, rollers, etc.), carry out minor repairs, lubrication, tightening of bolts, etc. These works may only be performed after a complete stop of the equipment.

According to article 209 Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, No. 1, Art. 3; 2006, No. 27, Art. 2878; 2009, No. 30, Art. 3732; 2011, No. 30, Art. 4586; 2013, No. 52, Art. 6986) and subparagraph 5.2.28 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 19, 2012 No. 610 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 26, Art. 3528), I order:

1. Approve the Rules for labor protection, maintenance and repair of technological equipment in accordance with the appendix.

2. This order comes into force three months after its official publication.

Application
to the order of the Ministry of Labor
and social protection of the Russian Federation
dated June 23, 2016 No. 310n

Labor protection rules
during placement, installation, maintenance and repair of process equipment

I. General provisions

1. The rules for labor protection during placement, installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) are established by the state regulatory requirements labor protection during the main technological operations and works related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of stationary machines, mechanisms, devices, instruments and other equipment used in the production of industrial products (hereinafter referred to as technological equipment).

2. The requirements of the Rules are mandatory for employers - legal entities, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and individuals (with the exception of employers - individuals who are not individual entrepreneurs) when they organize and carry out work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment.

3. Responsibility for the implementation of the Rules rests with the employer.

On the basis of the Rules and requirements of the technical documentation of the manufacturer of technological equipment, the employer develops instructions for labor protection, which are approved by the local regulatory act of the employer, taking into account the opinion of the relevant trade union body or another authorized by employees engaged in work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment (hereinafter referred to as employees), a representative body (if any).

4. In the case of the use of materials, technological equipment and equipment, the performance of work, the requirements for safe use and the performance of which are not regulated by the Rules, one should be guided by the requirements of the relevant regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory requirements for labor protection * (1), and the requirements of the technical (operational) ) documentation of the manufacturer.

5. The employer provides:

2) training of employees in labor protection and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements;

3) control over compliance by employees with the requirements of labor protection instructions.

6. When performing work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of process equipment (hereinafter referred to as work), workers may be exposed to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, including:

1) moving vehicles, lifting machines and mechanisms, moving materials;

2) moving parts of process equipment;

3) sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surface of process equipment;

4) falling objects (elements of technological equipment);

5) increased dust and gas content in the air of the working area;

6) increased or decreased temperature of the surfaces of technological equipment;

7) increased or decreased air temperature of the working area;

8) increased noise level at the workplace;

9) increased level of vibration;

10) high or low air humidity;

11) increased or decreased air mobility;

12) increased voltage value in electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the body of the worker;

13) increased level of static electricity;

14) elevated level electromagnetic radiation;

15) increased electric field strength;

16) increased magnetic field strength;

17) absence or insufficiency of natural light;

18) insufficient illumination of the working area;

20) the location of jobs at a considerable height relative to the surface of the earth (floor);

21) chemical production factors;

22) psychophysiological production factors.

7. When organizing the performance of work related to exposure of employees to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, the employer is obliged to take measures to eliminate them or reduce them to levels of permissible exposure, established requirements relevant regulatory legal acts.

If it is impossible to exclude or reduce the levels of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors to the levels of permissible impact due to the nature and conditions of the production process, it is prohibited to carry out work without providing workers with appropriate personal and collective protective equipment.

8. The employer has the right to establish additional safety requirements in the performance of work that improve the working conditions of employees.

II. Occupational safety requirements for the organization of work

9. Employees who have been trained in labor protection and tested their knowledge of labor protection requirements in the prescribed manner * (2) are allowed to perform work.

When organizing the performance of work for which additional (increased) labor protection requirements are imposed, the employer ensures that employees' knowledge of labor protection requirements is tested at least once every twelve months, as well as they undergo repeated training on labor protection at least once every three months. The list of professions, positions of employees and types of work that are subject to additional (increased) labor protection requirements is approved by the local regulatory act of the employer.

The employer ensures that the employees pass the mandatory preliminary (upon employment) and periodic (during labor activity) medical examinations in the prescribed manner*(3).

On separate works with harmful and (or) hazardous conditions labor limits the use of women's labor. Lists of jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, in which the use of women's labor is limited, are approved in the prescribed manner * (7).

It is prohibited to use the labor of persons under the age of eighteen years in jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions. The lists of jobs where it is prohibited to use the labor of persons under the age of eighteen are approved in accordance with the established procedure * (5).

10. Workers must be provided with special clothing, special footwear and other means personal protection(hereinafter - PPE) in the prescribed manner * (6).

At the conclusion employment contract the employer is obliged to ensure that employees are informed about the PPE they are entitled to, and employees are obliged to correctly apply the PPE issued to them in the prescribed manner.

11. Work and rest regimes of employees are established by the internal labor regulations and other local regulations of the employer in accordance with labor legislation.

12. The employer must be equipped according to established standards with sanitary facilities, rooms for eating, rooms for medical care, rooms for rest in work time and psychological unloading, first aid posts were organized, equipped with first aid kits * (7), apparatuses (devices) were installed to provide workers in hot shops and areas with carbonated salt water.

13. The employer ensures the investigation, registration, registration and accounting of accidents that have occurred with employees in the prescribed manner * (8).

III. Labor protection requirements for the territory of the organization, for production buildings (structures), production premises (production sites) and organization of workplaces

Labor protection requirements for the territory of the organization, for industrial buildings (structures) and industrial premises (production sites)

14. The employer must develop a scheme for the movement of vehicles and pedestrians on the territory of the organization.

The scheme of movement of vehicles and pedestrians should be posted in front of the entrance and entrance to the territory of the organization.

15. Territory of the organization in dark time days should be illuminated.

16. On the territory of the organization in places where explosive and fire hazardous industries are located, the vapors and gases of which are heavier than air, it is prohibited to construct channels, unfilled trenches that can serve as a place for the accumulation of vapors and gases.

It is allowed to install pits covered with removable gratings with a depth of not more than 0.8 m and trays with a depth of not more than 0.4 m for collecting and discharging storm water.

17. Trenches, underground communications on the territory of the organization must be closed or fenced. Warning inscriptions and signs should be installed on the fences, and at night - signal lighting.

In places of transition through trenches, pits, ditches, transitional bridges with a width of at least 1 m should be installed, fenced on both sides with railings with a height of at least 1.1 m, with solid sheathing along the bottom to a height of 0.15 m and with an additional fencing bar for height of 0.5 m from the flooring.

18. Wells and technological tanks located on the territory of the organization must be closed. Temporarily open wells and technological tanks must have fences with a height of at least 1.1 m.

19. Production buildings (structures) and production premises (production sites) must comply with the requirements federal law dated December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ " Technical regulation on the safety of buildings and structures "* (9).

20. Entrances and exits, passages and driveways both inside industrial buildings (structures) and industrial premises (production sites), and outside on the territory adjacent to them must be free and equipped with lighting for the safe movement of workers and the passage of vehicles.

It is forbidden to obstruct passages and driveways or use them for placing goods.

21. External exits of industrial buildings (structures) must be equipped with vestibules or air-thermal curtains.

22. Passages, stairs, platforms and railings to them must be kept in good condition.

For the period of repair, a temporary fence should be installed instead of the removed railings. Railings and floorings, removed during the repair, after its completion must be installed in place.

Transitions, stairs and flooring of platforms located in the open air, in winter time must be cleared of snow and ice and sprinkled with anti-slip agents.

23. In industrial premises, the height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures of the floor (cover) must be at least 2.2 m, the height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding parts of communications and equipment in places of regular passage of workers and on evacuation routes - at least 2 m, and in places of irregular passage of workers - at least 1.8 m.

24. The boundaries of transport passages inside the production premises (if this is an integral part of the production process) must be marked on the floor with lines at least 50 mm wide, made with indelible white or yellow color, or by using metal recessed checkers, or in another way that ensures the safety of the boundary lines during the production process.

Boundary lines should not be drawn closer than 0.5 m to the process equipment and walls of production facilities.

25. The width of the passages inside the production premises must correspond to the dimensions of vehicles or transported goods.

The distance from the borders of the roadway to the structural elements of the building and equipment must be at least 0.5 m, and when employees move, at least 0.8 m.

26. Intra-shop rail tracks should be laid flush with the floor.

27. Channels, pits and other recesses in the floor of industrial premises must be covered with strong ceilings (slabs), and open recesses and platforms protruding more than 0.3 m above the floor level must be protected by railings with a height of at least 1.1 m .

28. Holes in the floor for the passage of drive belts, conveyors must have minimum dimensions and be protected by boards with a height of at least 0.2 m, regardless of the presence of a common fence. In cases where, according to the conditions of the technological process, channels, gutters and trenches cannot be closed, they are protected by railings with a height of at least 1.1 m with sheathing along the bottom to a height of at least 0.15 m from the floor.

29. Lifting and transport vehicles (cranes, overhead cranes, telphers, hoists, winches) must be provided in the production facilities for the performance of work on the repair of technological equipment.

To lift a load to a height of more than 6 m, as well as with a runway length of more than 18 m, it is necessary to use electric crane equipment.

For lifting and moving technological equipment weighing up to 0.3 tons, it is allowed to use rigging tools and devices (jacks, metal racks, rollers, connectors, carabiners, chains, cables).

30. In industrial premises with crane equipment, places for installation sites must be allocated. The dimensions of the mounting sites should provide passages with a width of at least 0.7 m around the crane equipment installed on the mounting sites in the service area.

31. In industrial premises where liquids accumulate due to working conditions, the floors must be made of waterproof materials, impervious to liquids, and have the necessary slope and drainage channels. Channels in the floors for draining liquids or laying pipelines are blocked with solid or lattice covers at the same level as the floor.

32. Artificial lighting of industrial premises should consist of two systems: general (uniform or localized) and combined (to general lighting local is added). The use of only local lighting is prohibited.

33. In order to open, install in the required position and close the sashes of window and lantern covers or other opening devices in industrial premises, devices should be provided that are easily controlled from the floor or from work platforms.

Labor protection requirements for the organization of workplaces

34. When organizing workplaces, labor protection of employees is ensured by:

1) protection of workers from exposure to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors;

2) rational placement of technological equipment in production premises and outside them: ensuring a safe distance between equipment, equipment and walls, columns, a safe width of aisles and driveways;

3) convenient and safe handling of materials, blanks, semi-finished products;

4) regular maintenance and repair

technological equipment, tools and fixtures;

5) protection of workers from adverse meteorological factors.

35. Workplaces should be located:

1) at the maximum distance from the process equipment that generates harmful and (or) dangerous production factors;

2) outside the line of movement of goods transported with the help of lifting equipment.

Workplaces located in the open air outside the production premises must be equipped with canopies or shelters to protect workers from precipitation.

36. The layout of the workplace should provide free passage and access for workers to the consoles and controls of technological equipment, convenience and safety of actions when performing production operations, as well as the possibility of quick evacuation of workers in the event of an emergency.

37. Technological equipment serviced by several workers or having a significant length must have a starting device in only one place on the control panel. Devices for stopping equipment should be at all workplaces.

38. Control panels for technological equipment and instrumentation should be located in an easily accessible place.

39. For maintenance of fittings and mechanisms of technological equipment that do not have remote control, as well as instrumentation and control devices located above the floor at a height of more than 1.8 m, stationary metal platforms with railings not less than 0.9 m high with solid sheathing along the bottom not less than 0.1 m high.

The width of the free passage of the platforms should be at least 0.8 m.

Stairs to the platforms must be equipped with handrails and have an angle of inclination:

permanently operated - no more than 45 °;

used periodically - no more than 60 °.

Ladders and landings must be made of corrugated metal.

The use of smooth platforms and steps of stairs, as well as their execution from bar (round) steel is prohibited.

40. Platforms intended for maintenance of technological equipment must have a height from the flooring to the structural elements of the production facility of at least 2.0 m. In galleries, tunnels and overpasses, the specified height may be reduced to 1.8 m.

The requirements of this paragraph also apply to sites intended for passage through equipment or communications.

41. Workplaces, depending on the type of work, are equipped with workbenches, racks, tables, cabinets, tool cabinets for convenient placement of materials, equipment, blanks, finished products, storage of tools and fixtures and safe performance of work.

The location of workbenches, racks, tables, cabinets, tool cabinets at the workplace should not hamper the actions of workers and prevent the movement of workers during the operation, maintenance and repair of process equipment.

42. The minimum width of single passages to workplaces and at workplaces, taking into account protruding parts of process equipment, must be at least 0.6 m.

All moving, rotating and protruding parts of process equipment and auxiliary mechanisms must be securely guarded or located so that the possibility of injury to workers is excluded.

43. When performing work in the “sitting” position, comfortable chairs and stools should be installed at each workplace.

When performing work in a “standing” position, workplaces must be provided with chairs for workers to rest during breaks.

44. Materials and blanks must be delivered for processing in a special container and located at the workplace separately from the tool.

Released containers and packaging materials must be promptly removed from workplaces to storage facilities specially designated for this purpose.

Cluttering of workplaces, as well as passages and driveways with materials, equipment, blanks, finished products, production waste and packaging is prohibited.

45. Materials, equipment, blanks, finished products, stacked on racks or on tables, should not protrude beyond their dimensions. For small parts and blanks, special containers should be provided.

For convenience and safe use of hoisting mechanisms in the production process, when laying material, long workpieces and products, gaskets should be used.

46. ​​When organizing workplaces and performing work using tools and fixtures, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the Labor Protection Rules when working with tools and fixtures * (10).

47. To move in the workplace heavy materials, equipment, blanks and finished products should be provided with lifting devices and mechanisms.

48. The organization of workplaces should ensure the possibility of their daily cleaning.

Cleaning of workplaces from dust, sawdust, shavings should be done with the help of brushes or with the use of vacuum (dust suction) installations.

The use of compressed air for cleaning workplaces, for blowing parts (products), technological equipment and clothing is prohibited.

49. Work areas related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment must be provided with fire fighting equipment and equipment for protecting production facilities in accordance with the requirements of the Fire Prevention Regulations in the Russian Federation * (11).

IV. Labor protection requirements for the performance of work (implementation of production processes)

General requirements

50. Work must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory requirements for labor protection, and the technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer.

51. When performing work with the use of hoisting machines, the requirements of the Safety Rules for hazardous production facilities that use lifting structures * (12) must be observed.

In cases where manual labor is used by women and workers under the age of eighteen, the established norms for maximum permissible loads when lifting and moving heavy loads by hand * (13) must be observed.

52. Work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of heat-producing and heat-consuming process equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements established by the authorized federal executive bodies * (14).

53. When performing electric welding and gas welding work, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the Rules for labor protection when performing electric welding and gas welding work * (15).

54. Work on live parts of technological equipment, as well as work in existing electrical installations, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements established by the authorized federal executive bodies * (16).

55. When performing work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment used in woodworking, the requirements of the Rules for labor protection in logging, woodworking industries and during forestry work * (17) must be met.

56. Work performed using scaffolding, scaffolding, mobile scaffolding, ladders and ladders must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for labor protection when working at height * (18).

57. When performing work at height, the tools and devices used must be placed in portable tool boxes or bags.

The descent of materials and any objects must be carried out along specially arranged gutters, descents or with a rope.

Throwing down materials and any objects is prohibited.

58. Work with increased danger in the process of placement, installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment must be carried out in accordance with the work permit for the production of work with increased danger (hereinafter referred to as the work permit), issued by officials authorized by the employer in accordance with the recommended sample , provided for in Appendix No. 1 to the Rules.

The work permit determines the content, place, time and conditions for the production of work with increased danger, the necessary security measures, the composition of the team and the workers responsible for the organization and safe production of work.

The procedure for the performance of work with increased danger, the issuance of a work permit and the duties of officials authorized by the employer responsible for the organization and safe performance of work, are established by the local regulatory act of the employer.

59. Works with increased danger, for the production of which a work permit is issued, include:

1) earthworks in the area of ​​underground power networks, gas pipelines, oil pipelines and other underground utilities and facilities;

2) work related to the dismantling (collapse) of buildings and structures, as well as the strengthening and restoration of emergency parts and elements of buildings and structures;

3) installation and dismantling of technological equipment;

4) production of assembly and repair work in close proximity to open moving parts of operating equipment, as well as near live electrical wires;

5) installation and repair work performed in the conditions of existing production facilities of one division of the organization by the forces of another division (combined work);

6) installation and repair work at a height of more than 1.8 m from the floor level without the use of inventory scaffolding and scaffolding;

7) repair of steam pipelines and hot water technological equipment;

8) work in confined spaces, in confined spaces;

9) electric welding and gas welding works in closed tanks, in tanks, in pits, in wells, in tunnels;

10) work on testing pressure vessels;

11) cleaning and repair of air ducts, filters and fans exhaust systems ventilation of premises where strong chemical and other dangerous substances are stored;

12) work on the maintenance and repair of electrical installations on cable or overhead power lines, installation work with cranes near overhead power lines;

13) carrying out gas hazardous work;

14) carrying out hot work in fire hazardous and explosive premises;

15) repair of load-lifting machines (except for wheeled and caterpillar self-propelled), crane bogies, crane runways;

16) repair of rotating mechanisms;

17) work in places that are dangerous in terms of gas contamination, explosion hazard, electric shock and with limited access to visits;

18) thermal insulation works, application of anti-corrosion coatings;

19) carrying out repair work on heat-producing and heat-consuming installations, heat networks and other heat equipment.

60. The list of work performed under work permits is approved by the employer and may be supplemented by him.

61. Issued and issued work permits are taken into account in the journal, in which it is recommended to reflect the following information:

1) the name of the subdivision;

2) the number of the work permit;

3) the date of issue of the work permit;

4) a brief description of the work on the permit;

5) the period for which the work permit was issued;

6) the names and initials of the officials who issued and received the work permit, certified by their signatures indicating the date of signing;

7) the surname and initials of the official who received the work permit closed for the performance of work, certified by his signature indicating the date of receipt.

62. Works of the same name with increased danger, carried out on a permanent basis and performed by a permanent staff in similar conditions, are allowed to be carried out without issuing a work permit according to the labor protection instructions approved for each type of work with increased danger.

63. For work in electrical installations, a work permit is drawn up in the form established by the Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations * (19).

64. Depending on the characteristics of the organization and the nature of the work performed with increased danger, the work permit can be issued in accordance with the Federal norms and rules in the field industrial safety"Regulations on the application of work permits in the performance of work heightened danger at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry "* (20).

65. To carry out electric and gas welding works outside permanent welding posts at temporary places (except construction sites) the employer or the person responsible for fire safety issues a work permit for the performance of hot work in the form established by the Rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation * (21).

66. When work is performed by third-party (contractor) organizations, responsible representatives of the customer and the contractor must draw up for the entire period of performance of work an act of admission for the performance of work on the territory of the organization in accordance with the recommended model provided for in Appendix No. 2 to the Rules, develop and implement organizational and technical measures aimed at ensuring the safety of these works, as well as the safe operation of operating process equipment.

67. The head of the organization (contractor) performing the work is responsible for compliance with the requirements of the Rules and the technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer.

Labor protection requirements for the placement of technological equipment and ensuring the collective protection of workers

68. When designing production processes and making a decision on the placement of specific process equipment for each production facility, the employer must identify and take into account harmful and (or) dangerous production factors that can be generated by process equipment during production processes and in emergency situations.

69. When placing technological equipment, it is necessary to ensure the grouping of equipment with similar generated harmful and (or) hazardous production factors.

Technological equipment, during the operation of which there is a release of harmful, flammable and explosive substances (dust, gases, vapors), should be installed in isolated rooms equipped with general exchange supply and exhaust and local exhaust ventilation.

If production sites with different sanitary and hygienic conditions are located in the same production room, measures should be taken to prevent the spread of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors throughout the production room.

70. Technological equipment must be located in production premises in accordance with general direction main cargo flow. The placement of process equipment should ensure the safety and convenience of its installation (dismantling), maintenance and repair.

71. Placement of technological equipment above and under auxiliary and amenity buildings and premises is not allowed.

72. Stationary technological equipment must be installed on solid foundations or foundations.

When constructing foundations, placing equipment on them, preparing foundation bolts, it is necessary to be guided by the design documentation, as well as the requirements of the technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer.

It is allowed to use non-foundation installation of equipment on vibration-damping supports.

73. The arrangement of technological equipment must be carried out in accordance with the technological planning approved by the employer or another official authorized by the employer, subject to the norms of technological design.

74. The technological layout displays:

1) contours and dimensions of production sites, building elements (columns, partitions, door and window openings, gates, channels, hatches, wells, ladders);

2) overall contours and dimensions of the technological equipment located on the production areas, platforms for its maintenance (tables, tool cabinets, racks), lifting and transport devices;

3) places for storing materials, blanks, equipment, finished products and production waste;

4) contours and dimensions of passages and driveways.

75. Any rearrangement of existing technological equipment should be displayed on technological layouts.

76. The distances between the technological equipment, between the equipment and walls, columns of industrial premises should be established depending on the specific conditions of the production process and should be:

1) not less than 0.6 m - for small equipment (with plan dimensions up to 1.5 x 1.0 m);

2) not less than 0.7 m - for medium-sized equipment (with plan dimensions up to 4.0 x 3.5 m);

3) for large equipment (with plan dimensions up to 8.0 x 6.0 m): from walls - at least 1.0 m, from columns - at least 0.9 m;

4) for technological furnaces: from walls - not less than 1.2 m, from columns - not less than 1.0 m.

77. When installing technological equipment on individual foundation distances from equipment to walls and columns should be taken into account the configuration of adjacent foundations.

78. When servicing equipment with lifting structures (overhead cranes), its placement (distance from walls and columns) should be carried out taking into account the provision safe service lifting structures.

79. The distance between the controls of adjacent technological equipment controlled by one operator must exclude the possibility of erroneous switching on of the control of adjacent equipment.

80. The width of the main aisles along the service front and between the rows of technological equipment in the presence of permanent jobs should be at least 1.5 m.

The main passages along the service front of control panels must be at least 2.0 m wide.

81. During multi-machine maintenance, technological equipment should be placed taking into account the maximum possible reduction in distances between workplaces.

82. When placing technological equipment, the width of the passages should be taken into account the dimensions of the vehicles used or the goods being transported.

83. The placement of technological equipment in industrial premises should ensure the possibility of safe evacuation of workers in case of emergency.

84. To protect workers from the effects of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, in addition to PPE, collective protective equipment should be used to protect any employee (group of workers) located (located) in the work area.

The means of collective protection include means that are structurally or functionally associated with the production process or technological equipment.

85. Collective protective equipment provides protection for workers:

1) from the impact of mechanical factors (protective, safety and braking devices; remote control, automatic control and signaling devices);

2) from electric shock (protective devices; automatic control and signaling devices; insulating devices and coatings; devices protective earth and zeroing; devices automatic shutdown; potential equalization and voltage reduction devices; remote control devices; safety devices; lightning rods and arresters);

3) against falling from a height (fences, protective nets);

4) from an increased noise level (soundproofing, sound-absorbing devices; noise silencers; remote control, automatic control and signaling devices);

5) from an increased level of vibration (protective devices; vibration isolating, vibration damping and vibration absorbing devices; remote control devices for automatic control and signaling);

6) from an increased level of static electricity (grounding, shielding, moisturizing devices; neutralizers, anti-electrostatic substances);

7) from low or elevated temperatures surfaces of equipment, materials and blanks (protective, thermally insulating and shielding devices; remote control, automatic control and signaling devices);

8) from high or low air temperatures and temperature fluctuations (protective and thermal insulating devices; devices for heating and cooling; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling);

9) from an increased level of ultrasound (protective, soundproof and sound-absorbing devices; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling);

10) from an increased level of ionizing radiation (protective devices, sealing and protective coatings; devices for trapping and purifying air and liquids; decontamination devices; automatic control devices; remote control devices; means of protection during transportation and temporary storage of radioactive substances; containers for radioactive waste) ;

11) from an increased level of infrared radiation (protective, sealing, heat-insulating and ventilation devices; remote control, automatic control and signaling devices);

12) from an increased level of electromagnetic radiation (protective devices, sealing and protective coatings; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling);

13) from increased intensity of electromagnetic fields (protective devices, insulating and protective coatings; protective grounding devices);

14) from an elevated level laser radiation(protective and safety devices; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling);

15) from impact chemical factors(protective, sealing devices; devices for ventilation and air purification, for the removal of toxic substances; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling);

16) from the impact of biological factors (protective and sealing devices; equipment and preparations for disinfection, disinsection, sterilization, deratization; devices for ventilation and air purification; devices for remote control, automatic control and signaling).

86. Installation (application) of means of collective protection of workers is carried out by the employer depending on specific harmful and (or) dangerous production factors on the basis of design decisions adopted in accordance with regulatory legal acts and technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer.

87. Collective protective equipment also includes signal colors, safety signs and signal markings in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026-2001 “SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings "* (22) (published in the IUS "National Standards", No. 10, 2005).

88. Safety signs must be clearly visible and distinguishable, not distract the attention of workers and not interfere with the performance of production operations.

Signal colors are used to designate surfaces, structures, fixtures, assemblies and elements of process equipment that are sources of danger to workers, to designate protective devices, fences and interlocks, as well as for safety signs, signal markings, marking escape routes and other visual means of ensuring safety. workers.

Signal marking is carried out on the surface of building structures, elements of buildings, structures, vehicles, equipment and is used in places where there are dangers and obstacles.

Labor protection requirements during the installation of technological equipment

89. Before starting work on the installation of technological equipment, the places for the passage of vehicles, the movement of installation equipment and the passage of workers must be determined, the boundaries of dangerous zones and the necessary fences must be established, safety signs and warning notices posted.

At night, driveways, walkways and workplaces in the installation work area must be illuminated.

90. Mounting openings for mounted technological equipment, channels, trenches, ditches, foundation wells must be closed (covered) with removable wooden shields. If necessary, railings or barriers should be installed.

91. In order to prevent workers from falling, installation openings in technological basements and deep pits in foundations must be fenced with inventory protective barriers or covered with solid flooring.

92. Units and parts of process equipment during installation must be securely fastened with appropriate fixtures, clamps, spacers.

Units and parts temporarily placed in the installation area must be stored on stands at least 0.1 m high or on special racks.

93. Installation of heavy technological equipment in the design position using one or two cranes must be carried out under the direct supervision of the installation manager.

94. It is forbidden to perform any work on (or under) process equipment if it is in an elevated position and supported by winches, jacks and other lifting mechanisms.

95. When performing high-altitude assembly and assembly operations, those parts of process equipment that will be mounted at a height must be cleaned of dirt, snow or ice and foreign objects before lifting. Mounting joints and butt elements must be cleaned of rust, oils, burrs.

The fastening systems of individual assemblies and parts must be checked in order to prevent the fall of assemblies and parts.

96. If the installation of technological equipment is carried out on the territory of the operated production unit, then the head of the installation work must develop and coordinate with the management of the production unit measures for the safe performance of installation work.

97. Installation of technological equipment in production units where there is a possibility of the release of explosive gases must be carried out using a tool made of non-ferrous metals or coated with copper. When installing technological equipment in such conditions, it is prohibited:

1) use an open fire to warm up various components and parts in the cold season (it is allowed to heat the components and parts in the cold season only with warm water or steam);

2) use tools, mechanisms and fixtures that can cause sparking, as well as throw tools, metal parts and other spark-producing objects onto the surface of the mounted technological equipment;

3) leave oiled rags and other cleaning material at the workplace after completion of work (it is necessary to clean it in a metal box installed in a specially designated place);

4) use special shoes with spark-forming metal linings, lined with metal horseshoes or metal nails.

98. It is forbidden to use oiled rags and gaskets when performing the installation of oxygen installations. The tool used in the installation of oxygen installations must be thoroughly degreased.

99. Technological equipment that is a source of increased vibration should be installed on vibration isolators or vibration damping supports in separate room, on vibration-absorbing bases (vibration-isolating pads) or on separate massive foundations isolated from neighboring building structures.

100. When installing technological equipment that is a source of increased noise level, it is necessary to provide for the installation of silencers on air ducts and air intake chambers, the compressor suction pipe, insulation of suction pipes and air ducts, as well as soft inserts and soft gaskets on air ducts.

The most noisy equipment (compressors, blowers, pumps, fans) should be located in isolated rooms.

101. Auxiliary equipment of gas compressors and vacuum pumps must be installed not lower than the zero mark. Gas compressors must be arranged in one row.

The location of the compressors should provide free access for cleaning and replacing the tubes of the end and intermediate coolers.

102. Pumps must be installed in such a way as to ensure the minimum length of suction lines.

The location of the pumps should ensure the possibility of collecting and draining fluid from the stuffing boxes during operation, as well as during repairs and flushing of the pumps.

In cases where stuffing box seals are cooled with water, water drainage must be provided from all types of process equipment.

The piping of the pumps during their installation should be carried out in such a way as to provide free access for packing stuffing boxes and carrying out repair work.

103. Pumps for pumping flammable and combustible liquids when servicing a production flow may be located in a common production room, and when pumping liquids from a warehouse to a production shop or for shipment from a shop - in separate isolated rooms.

104. Pipelines adjacent to process equipment should not be rigidly attached to building structures or should have appropriate compensating devices.

When installing technological equipment, technological pipelines passing through walls and ceilings should be passed in steel sleeves from pipes whose inner diameter is 10–20 mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipeline (taking into account its thermal insulation).

The gap between the pipeline and the sleeve at both ends must be filled with a non-combustible material that allows the pipeline to move along its longitudinal axis.

105. Supporting structures for fastening air ducts of ventilation systems must be reliable, made of non-combustible materials, not cause or transmit vibrations.

Local suctions must be attached to non-vibrating or least vibrating elements of process equipment.

106. Technological equipment serviced with the help of hoisting mechanisms should be installed in the zone of approach of the hook of the mechanism. In the same area, sites for the installation of transported equipment parts should be provided.

107. When installing stationary conveyors in production and storage buildings, galleries, tunnels, on overpasses along their route, passages for safe maintenance and repair, as well as places for mechanized cleaning of spillage or fallen cargo, should be provided on both sides.

108. Heating furnaces should be installed in such a way that the workers serving them are not exposed to the heat flow from the loading windows simultaneously from two or more furnaces and the need to transfer the heated metal to the deforming technological equipment along the aisles and driveways is eliminated.

Ovens-baths should not be located under skylights in order to prevent drops of water condensing on the lights from getting into the product.

109. Technological equipment, pipelines, air ducts and fittings that are not used in the implementation of production processes as a result of a change in the technological scheme or for other reasons must be dismantled.

110. After completion of the installation work, it is necessary to check the presence and serviceability of all protective and safety devices and alarm systems.

Occupational safety requirements for the maintenance and repair of technological equipment

111. Maintenance and repair of technological equipment must be carried out in accordance with the developed technological regulations(operating instructions, technological maps, projects for the organization and production of repair work), which establish the order and sequence of work, the necessary fixtures and tools, and also determine officials responsible for their implementation.

112. The employer must provide employees involved in the maintenance and repair of technological equipment with the necessary set of serviceable tools, appropriate fixtures and materials.

113. Process equipment and communications stopped for maintenance or repair must be disconnected from steam, water and technological pipelines, gas ducts. Plugs must be installed on pipelines; technological equipment and communications must be freed from technological materials.

Maintenance and repair of technological equipment must be carried out when the propulsion (power) plant is not in operation, with the exception of operations that cannot be performed when the propulsion (power) plant is not in operation. When performing repair work, it is allowed to supply electricity in accordance with the project for the organization and production of work, approved by the employer.

The electrical circuits of the drives of the stopped technological equipment must be disassembled, prohibitory signs are posted on the starting devices: “Do not turn on! People are working”, as well as measures have been taken to exclude erroneous or spontaneous activation of starting devices.

114. If there are toxic or explosive gases, vapors or dust in the process equipment, it must be purged, followed by an analysis of the air environment for the residual content of harmful and (or) hazardous substances.

Control analyzes of the air environment must be carried out periodically during maintenance or repair.

115. It is forbidden to carry out maintenance in the immediate vicinity of unprotected moving and rotating parts and parts of related process equipment, electrical wires and live parts under voltage.

116. When carrying out work on the repair of technological equipment, its assembly and disassembly, the place of repair work (repair site) must be fenced off. Safety signs, posters and signaling devices should be posted on the fences.

The dimensions of the repair sites must correspond to the dimensions of the units and parts of equipment, materials, fixtures and tools placed on them, as well as provide for the arrangement of safe passages and driveways.

It is forbidden to clutter up the repair site, aisles and driveways.

117. During the performance of repair work in areas with air temperatures above 32 ° C, mobile air-dusting installations should be provided.

118. For lifting and moving process equipment, assemblies and parts, hoisting equipment and devices should be provided.

119. Disconnected round or long parts of the repaired equipment must be placed on special stands or racks.

120. When chopping, cutting metal, refueling and sharpening tools, it is necessary to work with the use of appropriate PPE.

121. Shavings, sawdust and cuttings of metal during repair work should be removed with brushes, scrapers, hooks.

It is forbidden to blow off shavings, sawdust and scraps of metal with compressed air.

122. Pressing out and pressing bushings, bearings and other parts with a tight fit should be carried out using presses and special devices.

123. To check the alignment of the holes of the parts, special mandrels should be used.

It is forbidden to check the alignment of the holes of the parts with your fingers.

124. Maintenance of electrical installations, including those that are part of process equipment, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements established by the authorized federal executive bodies * (23).

Workers allowed to maintain electrical equipment must have an appropriate electrical safety group.

125. When repairing equipment in explosive premises, it is prohibited to use open fire and use mechanisms and devices that cause sparking.

126. Work on the repair of technological equipment in which poisonous or toxic substances were located must be carried out using appropriate PPE after the removal (neutralization) of toxic or toxic substances.

127. Ladders and scaffolds used for repair work must be in good condition, not have breaks, cracks and deformations.

Ladders installed on smooth surfaces must have bases upholstered in rubber, and those installed on the ground must have sharp metal tips.

Ladders must be securely supported by their upper ends on a solid support.

When installing ladders at a height on the elements of metal structures, it is necessary to securely attach the top and bottom of the ladder to the metal structures. Ladders must be tested and tagged accordingly.

During maintenance and repair of electrical installations, it is prohibited to use metal ladders.

128. When performing repair work at a height of two tiers or more, strong ceilings must be arranged between the tiers or nets must be hung to prevent materials, parts or tools from falling on workers.

129. Upon completion of the repair of technological equipment and communications, it is necessary to make sure that no materials, tools and other foreign objects remain inside the technological equipment and communications.

130. A trial run of technological equipment after repair must be carried out by employees who have the right to operate this equipment in the presence of the head of the repair work and an official appointed by the order of the employer responsible for the safe operation of the equipment.

V. Labor protection requirements during transportation (movement) and storage of technological equipment, components and consumables

Labor protection requirements during transportation (movement) of technological equipment, components and consumables

131. When transporting (moving) technological equipment, components and consumables, one should be guided by the technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer and the requirements established by the authorized federal executive bodies * (24).

132. To ensure cargo flows in the organization, access roads and driveways must be arranged that correspond to the dimensions of the vehicles used and the goods transported, equipped with the necessary handling equipment to ensure loading and unloading operations.

133. When transporting technological equipment, components and consumables, it is necessary to ensure the safety of transport communications.

134. The security of transport communications is ensured by:

1) development of transport and technological schemes;

2) organization of traffic in the territory in accordance with the scheme of movement of vehicles and pedestrians;

3) installation of road signs and signs.

135. In order to avoid shifting or falling of cargo when the vehicle is moving, the cargo must be placed and secured in accordance with specifications for loading and securing this type of cargo.

Maneuvering of vehicles with loads after removal of fastenings from loads is prohibited.

136. Appropriate packaging should be used for transportation of small components of the same type and consumables.

137. When transporting goods in glass containers, measures must be taken to prevent shocks and impacts.

138. The supply of motor transport in reverse in the area where loading and unloading operations are carried out must be carried out by the driver only at the command of one of the workers employed in these works.

139. In industrial premises with increased level noise, it should be possible to timely determine by workers the sound or light signals given by moving vehicles.

140. Transportation of large-sized and heavy-weight technological equipment by road on roads open for public use must be carried out in compliance with the requirements established by the authorized federal executive bodies * (25).

141. Tank trucks carrying flammable and combustible liquids must be equipped with grounding, fire extinguishing equipment, marked in accordance with the degree of danger of the cargo, and exhaust pipes must be led under the radiator and equipped with spark arresters.

142. When operating forklifts and electric forklifts, the requirements established by the authorized federal agency executive power * (26).

143. In industrial premises with heavy traffic, preference should be given to means of continuous transport (conveyors, conveyors).

144. Moving and rotating parts of conveyors and conveyors, to which workers can have access, must be protected.

145. When using mounted conveyors for transporting goods at a height of more than 2 m, protective devices must be installed under the conveyor to ensure the safety of workers in the event of an accidental fall of the load.

Occupational safety requirements for the storage of process equipment, components and consumables

146. Storage of process equipment, components and consumables should include:

1) the use of storage methods that exclude the occurrence of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors;

2) using secure storage devices; mechanization and automation of loading and unloading operations.

147. Storage of components and consumables must be carried out taking into account their flammable physical and chemical properties, signs of compatibility and uniformity of fire extinguishing agents.

148. When placing technological equipment, components, consumables, blanks, semi-finished products, finished products and production waste, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the Rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of goods * (27).

149. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids, combustible and explosive materials must be carried out in compliance with the Rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation * (28).

150. Combustible materials of exothermic mixtures must be stored in warehouses specially designed for this purpose, which meet the requirements of fire safety and explosion safety.

151. In rooms where chemicals and solutions are stored, instructions for safe handling with them.

152. Refractory materials and products must be stored in closed warehouses. In open areas, refractory materials may only be stored in containers.

153. Powder, powder materials should be stored in closed containers (boxes, tubes, bags).

154. Bulk materials should be stored in bins with an angle of repose.

155. Dies, molds, flasks, molds, ingots, forgings must be stored in stacks in compliance with the established dimensions of the stacks, depending on the nature of the stored products, their rows and gaps between the stacks.

Large and medium stamps should be placed on specially designated areas on wooden linings, providing sufficient clearance for removable lifting devices or fork lift truck.

156. Details and products during storage must be installed in a stable position.

157. The place of waste storage must be fenced with a solid fence with a height of at least 0.5 m.

158. Components and small parts should be placed in special containers on racks serviced by a stacker crane.

159. Chemicals should be stored in tightly closed containers in specially designated and equipped places.

160. Storage of clean and used cleaning material in production facilities should be carried out separately in metal boxes closed with lids.

Boxes with used cleaning material should be emptied as they are filled, but at least once per shift.

The use of cleaning material made of synthetic and artificial fibers in the premises of explosive industries is prohibited.

VI. Final provisions

161. Federal state supervision over compliance with the requirements of the Rules is carried out by officials of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment and its territorial bodies ( state inspections labor in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation) * (29).

162. Heads and other officials of organizations, as well as employers - individuals guilty of violating the requirements of the Rules are held liable in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation * (30).

_____________________________

*(1) Article 211 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2002, No. 1, Art. 3; 2006, No. 27, Art. 2878; 2009, No. 30, Art. 3732).

*(2) Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia and the Ministry of Education of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 1/29 “On approval of the Procedure for training in labor protection and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements for employees of organizations” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 12, 2003, registration No. 4209 ).

*(3) Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated April 12, 2011 No. 302n “On Approval of the Lists of Harmful and (or) Hazardous Production Factors and Works, During the Performance of Which Mandatory Preliminary and Periodic Medical Examinations (Examinations) Are Conducted, and the Procedure for Conducting Mandatory Preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) of workers employed in hard work and in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions ”(registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 21, 2011, registration No. 22111) as amended by orders of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated May 15, 2013 No. 296n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on July 3, 2013, registration No. 28970) and dated December 5, 2014 No. 801n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 3, 2015, registration No. 35848).

*(4) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 25, 2000 No. 162 “On approval of the list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, in the performance of which the use of women’s labor is prohibited” (Sobranie Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2000, No. 10, article 1130).

*(8) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 25, 2000 No. 163 “On approval of the list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, in the performance of which it is prohibited to use the labor of persons under eighteen years of age” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 10, item 1131; 2001, No. 26, item 2685; 2011, No. 26, item 3803).

*(6) Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated June 1, 2009 No. 290n “On approval of the Intersectoral Rules for Providing Workers with Special Clothing, Special Footwear and Other Personal Protective Equipment” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on September 10, 2009, registration No. 14742), as amended, introduced by the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia of January 27, 2010 No. 28n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on March 1, 2010, registration No. 16530), orders of the Ministry of Labor of Russia of February 20, 2014 No. 103n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on May 15, 2014, registration No. 32284) and dated January 12, 2015 No. 2n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 11, 2015, registration No. 35962).

*(7) Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated March 5, 2011 No. 169n “On Approval of the Requirements for Completing First Aid Kits with Medical Devices for Providing First Aid to Employees” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 11, 2011, registration No. 20452).

*(8) Articles 227-231 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, No. 1, Art. 3; 2006, No. 27, Art. 2878; 2008, No. 30, Art. 3616; 2009, No. 19, 2270; 2011, No. 30, article 4590; 2013, No. 27, article 3477; 2015, No. 14, article 2022).

*(9) Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2010, No. 1, art. 5; 2013, no. 27, art. 3477.

*(10) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated August 17, 2015 No. 552n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection when working with tools and devices” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 2, 2015, registration No. 39125).

*(11) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 2012 No. 390 “On fire mode» (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 19, Art. 2415; 2014, No. 9, Art. 906, No. 26, Art. 3577; 2015, No. 11, Art. 1607; No. 46, Art. 6397; 2016, No. 15, item 2105).

*(12) Order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 12, 2013 No. 533 “On Approval federal regulations and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety Rules for Hazardous Production Facilities Using Lifting Structures” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 31, 2013, registration No. 30992) as amended by Rostekhnadzor Order No. 146 dated April 12, 2016 (registered by the Ministry of Justice Russia on May 20, 2016, registration number 42197);

* (13) Decree of the Council of Ministers - Government of the Russian Federation of February 6, 1993 No. 105 "On new norms for maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving weights manually" (Collection of acts of the President and Government of the Russian Federation, 1993, No. 7, Art. .566);

Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 7, 1999 No. 7 “On approval of the Norms of maximum permissible loads for persons under eighteen years of age when lifting and moving weights manually” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on July 1, 1999, registration No. 1817).

*(14) Order of Rostekhnadzor dated March 25, 2014 No. 116 “On Approval of Federal Norms and Rules in the Field of Industrial Safety “Industrial Safety Rules for Hazardous Production Facilities Using Equipment Operating Under overpressure” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on May 19, 2014, registration number 32326);

order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated March 24, 2003 No. 115 "On approval of the Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 2, 2003, registration No. 4358);

order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated August 17, 2015 No. 551n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during the operation of thermal power plants” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 5, 2015, registration No. 39138).

*(15) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated December 23, 2014 No. 1101n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection when performing electric and gas welding works” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 20, 2015, registration No. 36155).

*(16) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated July 24, 2013 No. 328n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 12, 2013, registration No. 30593) as amended by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated February 19 2016 No. 74n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 13, 2016, registration No. 41781);

order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 6 "On approval of the Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on January 22, 2003, registration No. 4145).

*(17) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated November 2, 2015 No. 835n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection in logging, woodworking and forestry operations” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 9, 2016, registration No. 41009).

*(18) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated March 28, 2014 No. 155n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection when working at height” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on September 5, 2014, registration No. 33990) as amended by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated 17 June 2015 No. 383n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on July 22, 2015, registration No. 38119).

*(19) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated July 24, 2013 No. 328n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations”.

*(20) Order of Rostekhnadzor dated January 18, 2012 No. 44 “On approval of the Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Regulations on the use of work permits when performing work of increased danger at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia March 6, 2012, registration number 23411).

*(21) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 No. 390 "On the fire regime".

*(22) Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On safety of machinery and equipment" (TP CU 010/2011) (approved by the decision of the Commission of the Customs Union of October 18, 2011 No. 823) as amended by the decisions of the Collegium of the Eurasian Economic Commission of December 4, 2012 No. 248 and dated May 19, 2015 No. 55.

* (23) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated July 24, 2013 No. 328n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations”;

order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 6 "On Approval of the Rules for the Technical Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations".

*(24) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272 ​​“On approval of the Rules for the carriage of goods by road” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2011, No. 17, Art. 2407; 2012, No. 10, Art. 1223; 2014 , No. 3, item 281; 2015, No. 50, item 7162);

order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated August 8, 1995 No. 73 “On approval of the Rules for the transportation dangerous goods road transport” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 18, 1995, registration No. 997) as amended by orders of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated June 11, 1999 No. 37 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on July 8, 1999, registration No. 1826) and dated October 14 1999 No. 77 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 28, 1999, registration No. 1960);

order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated September 17, 2014 No. 642n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of goods” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on November 5, 2014, registration No. 34558).

*(25) Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated July 24, 2012 No. 258 “On Approval of the Procedure for Issuing a Special Permit for Driving on Motor Roads of a Vehicle Carrying out the Transportation of Heavy and (or) Bulky Goods” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 11, 2012, registration No. 25656) as amended by Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated January 15, 2014 No. 7 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on June 5, 2014, registration No. 32585).

* (26) Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated May 12, 2003 No. 28 “On approval of the Intersectoral rules for labor protection at road transport” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on June 19, 2003, registration number 4734).

*(27) Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated September 17, 2014 No. 642n “On approval of the Rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of goods” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on November 5, 2014, registration No. 34558).

*(28) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 No. 390 "On the fire regime".

*(29) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2004 No. 324 “On Approval of the Regulations on the Federal Labor and Employment Service” (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2004, No. 28, Art. 2901; 2007, No. 37, Art. 4455; 2008, No. 46, article 5337; 2009, No. 1, article 146; No. 6, article 738; No. 33, article 4081; 2010, No. 26, article 3350; 2011, No. 14, article 1935; 2012, No. 1, item 171; No. 15, item 1790; No. 26, item 3529; 2013, No. 33, item 4385; No. 45, item 5822; 2014, No. 26, item 3577; No. 32, article 4499; 2015, No. 2, article 491; No. 16, article 2384; 2016, No. 2, article 325);

order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated May 26, 2015 No. 318n “On Approval of the Model Regulations on the Territorial Body of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on June 30, 2015, registration No. 37852).

*(30) Chapter 62 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2002, No. 1, Art. 3; 2006, No. 27, Art. 2878).

Application No. 1
to the Labor Protection Rules
during placement, installation, technical
maintenance and repair
technological equipment,
approved order
Ministry of Labor and
social protection of the Russian Federation
dated June 23, 2016 No. 310n

PERMIT N_____

FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WORKS WITH INCREASED DANGER

(name of company)

1.1. To the foreman of works _______________________________________________

(position, name of the unit, last name and initials) with a team in

consisting of ________ people are instructed to do the following work: _______

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________.

1.2. When preparing and performing work, ensure the following measures

security:

________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________,

1.3. Start work: at ____ hour. ____ min. "_____" ___________ 20____

1.4. Finish work: at ____ hour. ____ min. "_____" ___________ 20____

1.5. The order was issued by the head of work ____________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(position title, surname and initials, signature)

1.6. Familiar with the working conditions

Foreman _________ "___" _______ 20___ ___________________

Allowing _________ "___" _______ 20___ ___________________

(signature) (surname and initials)

2.1. Briefing on labor protection in the scope of instructions ____________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(indicate the names or numbers of instructions on which the

briefing)

carried out by a team of ____________ people, including:

2.2. Measures to ensure the safety of work have been completed.

The foreman and members of the team are familiar with the features of the work.

The object is ready for work.

Allowing to work ________________ "_____" ____________ 20_____

(signature)

2.3. I got acquainted with the conditions of work and received a work permit.

(signature)

2.4. Checked the preparation of the workplace. I allow you to start

production of works.

(signature)

3. Decoration daily admission for the production of works

3.2. Work completed, jobs removed, workers left

production works are withdrawn.

The work permit is closed at ______ hours. _______ min. "_____" _________ 20____

Foreman of works ________________ "_____" ____________ 20_____

(signature)

Work Manager ________________ "_____" ____________ 20_____

(signature)

Note.

The work permit is issued in two copies: the first is kept by

the employee who issued the work permit, the second - from the work manager.

Application No. 2
to the Labor Protection Rules
during placement, installation, technical
maintenance and repair
technological equipment,
approved order
Ministry of Labor and
social protection of the Russian Federation
dated June 23, 2016 No. 310n

ACT-PERMISSION

FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WORKS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE ORGANIZATION

"______" ______________ 20____

________________________________________________________________________

(name of company)

1. We, the undersigned:

representative of the organization _______________________________________________,

representative of the contractor ______________________________________________,

(surname and initials, position)

have drawn up this certificate of admission as follows.

The organization provides a plot (territory) limited

coordinates ________________________________________________________________,

(name of axes, marks and drawing number)

for production on it ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(Name of works)

under the guidance of technical staff - a representative of the contractor for

next date: start "____" ____________________ 20___, end

"____" ___________________ 20____

2. Before starting work, the following must be done

measures to ensure the safety of work:

3. Upon completion of the work, you must perform the following

Events:

Representative of the organization _________________________________

(signature)

Contractor's representative _________________________________

(signature)

Document overview

The state regulatory requirements for labor protection have been approved when carrying out basic technological operations and work related to the placement, installation, maintenance and repair of stationary machines, mechanisms, devices, instruments and other equipment used in the production of industrial products.

Responsibility for implementation established rules is borne by the employer. He ensures the maintenance of technological equipment, tools and devices in good condition and their operation in accordance with the approved requirements and technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturer.

Persons who have been trained in labor protection and knowledge testing are allowed to perform work.

When performing work that is subject to additional (increased) labor protection requirements, knowledge testing is carried out at least once every 12 months, and repeated briefing is carried out at least once every 3 months. The list of relevant professions, positions and types of work is approved by the local regulatory act of the employer.

The labor protection requirements for the territory of the organization, for industrial buildings(structures), premises (production sites), to workplaces, to ensure the collective protection of workers.

The employer has the right to establish additional safety requirements for the performance of work that improve working conditions.

The order comes into force 3 months after its official publication.

Basic concepts of equipment reliability

Tasks scientific and technological progress and improving the efficiency of trade cannot be reduced only to an increase in the technical equipment of the enterprise. An integral part of this process is the ability to effectively use the equipment with the greatest return. To maintain it in working order, it is necessary to organize maintenance and repair of equipment.

Rational organization operation and high quality of technological maintenance increase the reliability of the equipment.

Under reliability refers to the property of a technical system to perform production functions, keeping technical and operational indicators within the established limits during a given period of operation.

Reliability is a complex property of the system, which depends on the totality of the influence of such qualities as durability, reliability and maintainability. What are these qualities and how are they measured?

durability is called the property to remain operable until the onset of the limiting state at installed system maintenance and repair.

Any technical device, when it is created, is designed for a certain life time, i.e. calendar period corresponding to the technical resource during which the operation of this product is economically and technically feasible. The service life includes the duration of all types of repairs. For most technical systems, the service life T lies within 5 - 15 years.

A shorter service life does not justify the costs that have been made for the development and creation of a product, and a longer one leads to the fact that either technical specifications products no longer correspond to the level of science and technology, or due to an increase in the number of malfunctions, the operation of the “old” product becomes economically inexpedient.

Since the operation consists of several phases (transportation, storage, installation, intended use, etc.), the duration of the working period is highlighted in the service life, i.e. during the main phase of operation - intended use. This option is called resource systems. It is considered as a quantitative measure of the durability of the machine.

resource a technical device is a reasonable value of the operating time of the device (in hours, cycles, kilometers, etc.), at which, with a certain probability, operability will be maintained without an unforeseen stop.

As you know, any equipment (device) consists of a certain number of machine parts. Due to a number of technical and economic conditions, it is currently impossible to make all parts equal in strength, i.e. having the same durability. Therefore, the resource, as a measure of durability, is an individual property of a single part. At the same time, durability is physically determined by the ratio between the real ability of a material with a given configuration to resist destruction and the action of certain external influences (force, chemical, thermal, etc.) to which the part is subjected during operation.

Maintainability. In order to maintain the operation and reliability of the equipment at the established level, maintenance and scheduled repairs of the equipment are provided. Maintenance in its essence is a set of preventive measures, the implementation of which should maintain the serviceability or performance of the equipment during its service life. At the same time, the serviceable state of the machine is understood as the state in which the machine meets all the requirements of the regulatory and technical and design documentation, and the operable state is the state in which the machine is able to perform the functions that meet the requirements of this documentation. This is achieved by timely detection of damage (diagnostics), exclusion of excess wear (due to timely cleaning of dirt and grease), minor repairs, etc.

Certain material and labor resources are spent on maintenance and repair.

Maintenance may include monitoring the technical condition, cleaning, lubricating, fastening connections, replacing some of the product's components, adjusting, etc.

Reliability is the property of an object to continuously maintain a healthy state for some time.

As follows from the definition, such a property of machines as reliability determines the cyclic nature of the operation process, in which the operable state is periodically violated and the machine goes into an inoperable state, in which it is unable to perform the specified functions.

Refusal- this is an event that consists in a violation of the accuracy of the measured portions of the product. Failures can be caused by design, operational and other factors.

For most types of equipment, trade and public catering currently do not have a complete system for analyzing reliability indicators, of which the most important are: the probability of failure-free operation, operating time to the limit state, failure rate parameter, technical utilization and operating costs.

Probability of failure-free operation Р(τ) is a function decreasing in time from 1 to 0, which characterizes the probability that within a given operating time of product failures does not occur. The function is determined from the expression

where n 0 is the number of faulty items of equipment at the initial time (τ=0); n(τ) is the number of equipment elements that failed during time τ.

For example, if Р(τ)= 0.86, this means that more machines of this model, on average, 86% of the machines will work for a given time, and 14% will not work.

Function F(τ)=1-P(τ) called probability of failure.

Operating time to the limit state depends on many factors, it is found using various categories. Often, economic indicators are taken as the basis for the calculation, the essence of which is as follows. With an increase in operating time, the unit cost of equipment, related to 1000 hours of its operation, decreases, which is the ratio

where C is the cost of equipment; τ is its service life in hours.

Value C beat. does not remain a constant value, during operation it decreases, since with an increase in the service life, depreciation of equipment decreases. The cost of maintenance and repair from some point begins to rise rapidly. Accordingly, the specific costs (in rubles per 1000 hours of operation) for maintaining the equipment in working condition are growing. The operating time, when the sum of the specific cost of the equipment and the specific costs of maintaining it in working condition, is the smallest, and is considered the operating time to the limit state.

Fault flow parameter is a time-dependent function that for a certain number of pieces of equipment N of the same type is calculated by the formula

where m is the total number of failures in the group; τ is the observation time, h.

Technical utilization factor represents the relation

where τ sums is the total operating time of the equipment for the period of operation, h; τ time + τ obs is the total downtime caused by repair and maintenance for the same period of operation, h.

The closer K m is to one, the more reliable the machine.

The operating cost coefficient characterizes the economic side of the machine evaluation and is determined from the expression

where Сizg is the cost of manufacturing the machine; C o - The total cost of its operation, repair and maintenance.

The operation of technical means is understood as a set of organizational actions of engineering and technical workers and workers to bring equipment into the required state, its effective use and maintenance of operational and technical parameters within the specified limits.

In general, the entire period of operation consists of the following stages: transportation of equipment to the place of operation, pre-installation storage, installation of equipment, preparation for use, intended use (operation), maintenance and repair.

Under transportation equipment is understood as the delivery of equipment and its installation at a trade enterprise. This period is episodic and occurs when new equipment is installed or old equipment is replaced due to the end of its service life. Transportation of the equipment must be carried out in full accordance with the "Transportation Instructions" developed by the manufacturer.

Storage is a set of measures that ensure the safety of equipment in a non-operating state at intervals not related to the use of equipment for its intended purpose (operation). During storage, the equipment may be located in warehouses, open or closed areas, in the working premises of trade and public catering enterprises. During storage, the safety of equipment is ensured by maintaining conditions that limit the impact of the external environment on it, through conservation and appropriate maintenance.

Installation equipment is intended to install equipment in the working room of the enterprise, its debugging and start-up. Installation of equipment is carried out in full accordance with the design and design documentation.

Preparation of equipment for use includes a set of measures, as a result of which the equipment is brought from non-operational to a state of readiness for use as intended. Preparation for operation of the equipment can be carried out both after its installation and after its intended use. In the latter case, it is called operational preparation for work. Typical activities that are carried out in the preparation of equipment for use are; re-preservation, external inspection, checking the functioning (operability) of all systems and testing in various modes. During operational preparation for use, an external inspection, technical diagnostics of the performance of all equipment systems, its testing in various modes, testing of devices that ensure safe operation, and other labor protection measures are carried out.

Use of equipment for its intended purpose represents the direct use of equipment to perform technological processes. The use of equipment for its intended purpose is the most critical stage of operation, the correct implementation of which depends on the reliability and safety of its operation. The work of operators in this period is regulated by a certain set of technological and operational documentation. At the same time, in this period, the engineering and technical personnel of the enterprise carry out work on the generalization of operating experience, ultimately aimed at improving operational reliability and operational safety.

Maintenance is a stage of operation aimed at maintaining the health and other operational and technical characteristics within the established limits. The essence of maintenance is the control and prevention of all equipment systems.

Repair- this is the stage of operation, during which operations are carried out with the aim of bringing the equipment into working condition both according to a certain preventive plan, and to restore equipment due to failures.

On fig. 10.1 shows a block diagram of equipment operation.

As follows from the above diagram, a significant number of enterprises, engineering and technical workers and workers (operators) are involved in the operation process. In this regard, the operation of the equipment requires purposeful actions of engineers, operators, mechanics, workers - repairmen and other maintenance personnel.

This problem can be solved if all participants in the operation process operate according to a single technology.

As you know, technology is understood as a documented scientific generalization of methods of work.

The entire operation process consists of a set of certain technological processes, which are based on technological operations performed by the operator (worker) at one workplace. In this case, each individual action of the operator is a technological transition.

Rice. 10.1. Block diagram of commercial equipment operation.

A consistent description of technological operations with the necessary illustrations and diagrams is displayed in the main engineering and technological document - the operational technological map.

An operational-technological map is compiled for each operator participating in this technological process. The operational-technological map should contain the following information:

Name of technological transition;

Transition time;

production rate;

A sketch of the execution of transitions or an operation as a whole.

The ultimate goal of carrying out operational and technological processes is to ensure maximum efficiency in the use of equipment.