Piping diagrams for single-circuit boilers. Gas heating boiler piping diagram and its elements. Open type system with natural circulation in a private house

Unlike electric and gas heating units, boilers operating on solid fuel, are almost never equipped with circulation pumps, a safety group, or adjustment and control devices. Everyone solves these issues independently, choosing a heating device piping scheme in accordance with the type and features of the heating system. Not only the efficiency and performance of heating, but also its reliable, trouble-free operation depends on how correctly the heat generator is installed. That is why it is important to include in the diagram components and devices that will ensure the durability of the heating unit and its protection in the event of emergency situations.

In addition, when installing solid fuel boiler you shouldn’t give up equipment that creates additional convenience and comfort. you can solve the problem of temperature differences while rebooting the boiler, and the boiler indirect heating will provide the house with hot water. Have you thought about connecting a solid fuel heating unit according to all the rules? We will help you with this!

Typical wiring diagrams for solid fuel boilers

The opinion that a solid fuel boiler is an obsolete unit covered with dirt and soot is wrong, isn’t it?

The difficulty of controlling the combustion process in solid fuel boilers leads to high inertia heating system, which negatively affects convenience and safety during operation. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the efficiency of units of this type directly depends on the temperature of the coolant. For efficient heating operation, the piping must ensure the temperature of the thermal agent is within 60 - 65 ° C. Of course, if the equipment is not integrated correctly, such heating at above-zero temperatures “overboard” will be very uncomfortable and uneconomical. In addition, the full operation of the heat generator depends on a number of additional factors - the type of heating system, the number of circuits, the presence of additional energy consumers, etc. The ones presented below take into account the most common cases. If none of them meets your requirements, then knowledge of the principles and structural features of heating systems will help in developing an individual project.

Open type system with natural circulation in a private house

First of all, it should be noted that open gravity-type systems are considered the most suitable for solid fuel boilers. This is due to the fact that even in in case of emergency, associated with a sharp increase in temperature and pressure, the heating will most likely remain sealed and operational. It is also important that the functionality of the heating equipment does not depend on the availability of power. Considering that wood-burning boilers are installed not in megacities, but in areas remote from the benefits of civilization, this factor will not seem so insignificant to you. Of course, this scheme is not without its drawbacks, the main ones being:

• free access of oxygen to the system, which causes internal corrosion pipes;
• the need to replenish the coolant level due to its evaporation;
• uneven temperature of the thermal agent at the beginning and end of each circuit.

Layer any mineral oil 1 - 2 cm thick, poured into the expansion tank, will prevent oxygen from entering the coolant and reduce the rate of evaporation of the liquid.

Despite its shortcomings, the gravity scheme is very popular due to its simplicity, reliability and low cost.

Installation diagram of a solid fuel unit in a heating system open type

When deciding to install using this method, keep in mind that for normal coolant circulation, the boiler inlet must be at least 0.5 m below the heating radiators. The supply and return pipes must have slopes for normal coolant circulation. In addition, it is important to correctly calculate the hydrodynamic resistance of all branches of the system, and during the design process try to reduce the number of shut-off and control valves. Proper work systems with natural circulation The coolant also depends on the installation location of the expansion tank - it must be connected at the highest point.

Closed system with natural circulation

Installation on the return line will avoid harmful effects oxygen and eliminate the need to control the coolant level.

Design of membrane expansion tank

When deciding to equip a gravity system with a sealed expansion tank, consider the following points:

• capacity membrane tank must contain at least 10% of the volume of the entire coolant;
• a safety valve must be installed on the supply pipe;
• the highest point of the system must be equipped with an air vent.

Additional devices that are included in the boiler safety group (safety valve and air vent) will have to be purchased separately - manufacturers very rarely equip units with such devices.

The safety valve allows the coolant to be discharged if the pressure in the system exceeds critical value. A normal operating indicator is considered to be a pressure of 1.5 to 2 atm. The emergency valve is set to 3 atm.

You will learn more about this system in our next article:.

Features of systems with forced coolant movement

In order to equalize the temperature in all areas, a circulation pump is integrated into the closed heating system. Since this unit can provide forced movement of the coolant, the requirements for the level of installation of the boiler and compliance with slopes become negligible. However, you should not give up the autonomy of natural heating. If a bypass branch is installed at the outlet of the boiler, then in the event of a power outage, the circulation of the thermal agent will be ensured by gravitational forces.

The use of a bypass will allow, if necessary, to switch to the natural method of coolant circulation

The electric pump is installed on the return line, between the expansion tank and the inlet fitting. Thanks to the lower coolant temperature, the pump operates in a more gentle mode, which increases its durability.

Video: Tying a solid fuel boiler

Correct installation of a solid fuel boiler in a closed heating system

The huge advantage of solid fuel boilers is that their installation does not require any permitting documents. It is quite possible to carry out the installation yourself, especially since this does not require any special tools or special knowledge. The main thing is to approach the work responsibly and follow the order of all stages.

Boiler room arrangement

The disadvantage of heating units used to burn wood and coal is the need for a special, well-ventilated room. Of course, it would be possible to install a boiler in the kitchen or bathroom, however, periodic emissions of smoke and soot, dirt from fuel and combustion products make this idea unsuitable for implementation. In addition, the installation of combustion equipment in living rooms It is also unsafe - the release of fumes can lead to tragedy.

A solid fuel boiler is best installed outside residential premises

When installing a heat generator in a boiler room, several rules are followed:

• distance from combustion door there must be at least 1 m to the wall;
• ventilation ducts must be installed at a distance no higher than 50 cm from the floor and no lower than 40 cm from the ceiling;
• There should be no fuel, lubricants or flammable substances and objects in the room;
• The base area in front of the ash pit is protected with metal sheet dimensions of at least 0.5x0.7 m.

In addition, at the location where the boiler is installed, an opening is provided for the chimney, which is led outside. Manufacturers indicate the configuration and dimensions of the chimney in technical passport, so you don’t need to invent anything. Of course, if the need arises, you can deviate from the documentation requirements, but in any case, the channel for removing combustion products must provide excellent traction in any weather.

How to properly install a chimney

When installing a chimney, all connections and cracks are sealed with sealing materials, and windows are also provided for cleaning the channels from soot and a condensate catcher.

Preparing to install a heating unit

Before installing the boiler, select a piping scheme, calculate the length and diameter of the pipelines, the number of radiators, type and quantity additional equipment and shut-off and control valves.

Despite all the variety of design solutions, experts recommend choosing combined heating, which can provide natural coolant circulation. Therefore, when making calculations, it is necessary to consider how a parallel section of the supply pipeline (bypass) with a centrifugal pump will be installed and provide the necessary for operation gravitational system

slopes. You shouldn’t give up on buffer capacity either. Of course, its installation will entail additional costs. However, a storage tank of this type will be able to level out the temperature curve, and one load of fuel will last for a longer time.

Connecting the boiler to a heating system with a dual-purpose buffer tank

Particular comfort will be provided by a heat accumulator with an additional circuit, which is used for hot water supply. Considering the fact that due to the installation of a solid fuel unit in a separate room, the length of the hot water circuit increases significantly, an additional circulation pump is installed on it. This will eliminate the need to drain cold water while waiting for hot water to flow. Before installing the boiler, it is imperative to provide space and not forget about devices designed to reduce pressure in the system in critical situations. Simple scheme

a harness that can be used as a working project is shown in our drawing. It combines all the equipment discussed above and ensures its correct and trouble-free operation. More more information

You will learn about the arrangement of the boiler room and installation of equipment from our article:.

Installation and connection of a solid fuel heat generator

1. After carrying out all the necessary calculations and preparing the equipment and materials, installation begins.
2. The heating unit is installed in place, leveled and secured, after which the chimney is connected to it.
3. Heating radiators are mounted, a heat accumulator and an expansion tank are installed.
   

   A supply pipeline and a bypass are installed, on which a centrifugal pump is installed. Ball valves are installed in both sections (direct and bypass) so that the coolant can be transported by forced or natural means. We remind you that the centrifugal pump can only be installed with the correct orientation of the shaft, which must be in a horizontal plane. Schemes of all possible options

4. The pressure line is connected to the heat accumulator. It must be said that both the inlet and outlet pipes of the buffer tank must be installed in its upper part. Thanks to this quantity warm water in the container will not affect readiness heating circuit. We definitely note the fact that cooling the boiler during the reboot period will reduce the temperature in the system. This is due to the fact that at this time the heat generator will work as an air heat exchanger, transferring heat from the heating system to the chimney. To eliminate this shortcoming, separate circulation pumps are installed in the boiler and heating circuits. By placing a thermocouple in the combustion zone, you can stop the movement of coolant through the boiler circuit when the fire dies out.

   

   Installing separate pumps on the boiler and heat exchange circuits can solve the problem of heat leakage through the boiler when it cools down

5. A safety valve and an air vent are installed on the supply line.
6. Connect the emergency circuit of the boiler or install shut-off and control valves, which, when the water boils, will open the main line for its discharge into the sewer and the channel for supplying cold liquid from the water supply.
7. Install a return pipeline from the heat accumulator to the heating unit. A circulation pump, a three-way valve and a settling filter are installed in front of the boiler inlet pipe.
8. An expansion tank is mounted separately on the return pipeline.
   

   Note! Shut-off valves are not installed on pipelines that are connected to protection devices. These areas should have as few connections as possible.

9. The upper outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to three-way valve and the circulation pump of the heating circuit, after which the radiators are connected and the return pipeline is installed.
10. After connecting the main circuits, they begin to install a hot water supply system. If the heat exchanger coil is built into a buffer tank, then it will be enough to simply connect the cold water inlet and the outlet to the “hot” line to the corresponding pipes. When installing a separate indirect heating water heater, use a circuit with an additional circulation pump or three-way valve. In both cases, a check valve is installed at the cold water supply inlet. It will block the path for heated liquid into the “cold” water supply.
11. Some solid fuel boilers are equipped with a draft regulator, the function of which is to reduce the flow area of ​​the blower. Due to this, the air flow into the combustion zone is reduced and its intensity, and, accordingly, the temperature of the coolant is reduced. If the heating unit has this design, then install and adjust the drive of the air damper mechanism.

    

    Installation automatic regulator traction will allow you to control the fuel combustion process

Places for everyone threaded connections must be carefully sealed using plumbing flax and a special non-drying paste.

After installation is completed, coolant is poured into the system and turned on at full power. centrifugal pumps and carefully inspect all connections for leaks. After making sure that there are no leaks, fire up the boiler and check the operation of all circuits at maximum modes.

Features of integrating a solid fuel unit into an open heating system

Main feature open heating systems is the contact of the coolant with atmospheric air, which occurs with the participation of the expansion tank. This container is designed to compensate for the thermal expansion of the coolant that occurs when it is heated. The expander is installed at the highest point of the system, and in order to prevent hot liquid from flooding the room when the tank is overfilled, a drain tube is connected to its upper part, the other end of which is discharged into the sewer.

Open type expansion tank design

The large volume of the tank forces it to be installed in the attic, so you will need additional insulation expander and tubes suitable for it, otherwise they may freeze in winter. In addition, you must remember that this element is part of the heating system, so its heat losses will lead to a decrease in the temperature in the radiators.

Since the open system is not sealed, there is no need for installation safety valve and connecting emergency circuits. When the coolant boils, the pressure will be released through the expansion tank.

Special attention should be paid to pipelines. Since the water in them will flow by gravity, the circulation will be influenced by the diameter of the pipes and the hydraulic resistance in the system. The last factor depends on turns, narrowings, level changes, etc., so their number should be minimal. In order to initially impart the necessary potential energy to the water flow, a vertical riser is installed at the outlet of the boiler. The higher the water can rise along it, the higher the coolant speed will be and the faster the radiators will warm up. For the same purposes, the return inlet should be located at the lowest point of the heating system.

Finally, I would like to note that in open systems it is preferable to use water rather than antifreeze. This is due to higher viscosity, reduced heat capacity and rapid aging of the substance upon contact with air. As for the water, it is best to soften it and, if possible, never drain it. This will several times increase the service life of pipelines, radiators, heat generators and other heating equipment.

Pay attention to the article on choosing coolants for heating systems:.

Video: Connecting a solid fuel boiler with your own hands

As you can see, the choice of boiler integration scheme depends on many factors, including the features of the heating system and the need to install additional equipment. If you have successfully understood all the nuances, then you can safely get to work. Finally, I would like to note that heating is one of the most complex and responsible engineering systems. If you don't have confidence in your own abilities, don't experiment. Remember that installation errors will sooner or later result in serious problems, so do not hesitate to ask specialists for advice.

Content

1. Harness gas boiler in the heating system
2. Connection wall-mounted boiler to the power grid
3. Choosing a chimney for a gas boiler
4. Connection to the gas main

Introduction

The efficiency and safety of a gas boiler largely depends on its correct connection to the heating system. This process, also called strapping, consists of several stages. Due to the fact that gas is a very dangerous fuel, some work must be carried out by certified gas service employees, but much can be done with your own hands.

Connecting a wall-mounted gas boiler is a complex of works, which includes: piping in the heating system, connection to the gas and electrical network, chimney installation. In this article we will try to talk about each of the stages.

Piping a gas boiler in the heating system

After the heating device is completed and placed on the wall, the first thing you need to do is connect it to the heating system. Depending on which model is installed, single-circuit or double-circuit, there are different piping schemes. We will look at the connection process using the example of a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler.

Photo 1: Connection diagram for a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler

As you know, a double-circuit boiler, in addition to heating, is capable of producing hot water for household needs. Structurally, this is realized by installing one bithermal or two separate heat exchangers. A double-circuit boiler does not produce very much hot water, but it is quite enough for 1-2 distribution points (for example, kitchen faucet and shower).

A modern wall-mounted gas boiler is very compact and already contains within itself the basic elements necessary for the operation of a heating system with forced circulation, such as: a circulation pump, an expansion tank, a safety group. In the heating systems of small private country houses, this is more than enough, but if necessary, you can install an additional expansion tank or another pump.

At the bottom of any mounted double-circuit boiler There are 5 pipes. They are connected to: supply and return lines of the heating system, supply and return of hot water supply, main gas. The gas connection inlet is usually located in the center and is colored yellow. All other lines can be located in any order, depending on the model of the gas boiler. Therefore, before starting tying, it is necessary to clarify the purpose of each of them in the operating instructions.

Photo 2: Piping diagram for a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler

The piping of a wall-mounted gas boiler is done with polypropylene or metal pipes. The cross-section of heating pipes is usually larger than DHW pipes 3/4 and 1/2 inches respectively. The heating system is connected to the boiler through American nuts. Ball valves are installed on each line for the convenience of dismantling the gas boiler without draining the coolant and to isolate the boiler from the heating system if necessary. To ensure tightness, all connections must be made using plumbing FUM tape or flax.

Filters must be installed in the heating return line and in the DHW supply line. rough cleaning. For ease of washing and cleaning, they are also cut off by shut-off valves. Often, in order to increase the service life of the secondary heat exchanger of a double-circuit boiler, DHW supply Additionally, a magnetic fine filter is installed.

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Connecting a wall-mounted boiler to the electrical network

Most modern wall-mounted gas boilers are equipped with sophisticated automation. It controls many processes, turning the heating boiler into an autonomous mini-boiler room, the operation of which requires virtually no intervention from the owner. Obviously, the control unit and various sensors require an electrical connection.

Double-circuit wall-mounted boilers are available in two versions: with a conventional socket and with a cable for connecting directly to the machine. In any case, they must be powered from the mains through an individual machine. If you purchased a model with a plug, then the individual socket for the gas boiler should be located next to it, but in no case under it. This is one of the safety requirements so that in the event of a coolant leak, a short circuit does not occur.

Photo 3: Installing a voltage stabilizer for a wall-mounted boiler

A gas boiler requires mandatory grounding. For these purposes, you can purchase a point grounding kit. It is installed in basement or near the house and occupies small area about 0.25 m².

Attention! Grounding a wall-mounted gas boiler to a heating radiator or gas supply pipe is strictly prohibited. This is a gross violation of the operating rules gas equipment and extremely dangerous.

Boiler automation is very sensitive to the quality of the supply voltage. If the level of the sinusoid at the input is insufficient or the shape is not ideal, the devices quickly fail. To prevent frequent breakdowns and extending the service life of the unit requires connecting. To avoid shutdowns of heating equipment in the event of power outages, you should additionally purchase an uninterruptible power supply.

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Choosing a chimney for a gas boiler

Any wall-mounted gas boiler needs a chimney. Depending on the model, this may be either traditional chimney or small horizontal chimney, which can be brought outside directly through the wall of the house.

Photo 4: Installation of a coaxial chimney for a turbocharged boiler

In double-circuit boilers with an open combustion chamber, the combustion process occurs with the help of air from the room in which the heating device is installed. Typically, such models are installed in specially equipped boiler rooms. To remove combustion products, they are connected to stainless steel.

Wall-mounted boilers with closed camera combustion (turbocharged) engines are used in their work outside air. It is supplied inside the device through one of the channels of the coaxial chimney. The second channel is used for launch into the atmosphere flue gases. Coaxial chimney It is very easy to install and you can connect a gas boiler to it yourself.

The main purpose of any heating system is to create a comfortable microclimate in a living space. But even the most expensive heating boiler cannot provide favorable conditions in the apartment if its installation is carried out incorrectly.

Only thanks to an optimally selected piping scheme for a gas heating system can the boiler be correctly connected to the distribution and plumbing structure in accordance with all established rules and technical requirements for heating.

The central unit of any heating system is the boiler, the main purpose of which is considered fuel combustion during the combustion process, heating the coolant circulating through pipes and radiators. But quality work and the safety of all heating supply units can only be achieved through proper piping.

What is meant by boiler piping?

All structural parts located between the main devices of the heating system and the boiler are piping. Many people ignore it, but this is wrong, since only with its correct organization can the main issues be solved tasks of high-quality home heating:

The heating boiler piping is designed to ensure the performance, reliability and safety of the heating system as a whole. Special attention solid fuel boilers without a pre-installed automation system deserve. Only properly laid pipes in such a heating system can provide maximum efficiency on par with a modern gas device.

Features of placement and boiler piping elements

The boiler in the piping device is the main part of the heating system. Its design features directly affect the strapping pattern. So, if this is a floor-standing gas unit, it is important that the heat-generating device is located at floor level, but not higher than the piping point. Otherwise it may lead to the formation air jams.

If a boiler is used that is not equipped with an air vent, the supply line is located strictly in a vertical position. At the bottom of the body of the heating unit there are special pipes designed for connecting the supply pipe of the main line and the return pipe.

Such pipes are also equipped electric and gas double-circuit devices wall type. At the same time, it is important to take into account such a design feature when drawing up a piping diagram for a gas boiler, since self-removal air pockets allow heating to work with high efficiency.

If the boiler is sold without additional accessories, adapters and devices must be purchased separately. It is important to check the compatibility of the heating unit with additional accessories. But most often, additions to the main unit are not needed, especially if it is a boiler with natural principle coolant circulation.

Boiler piping with natural circulation method

Under this category heating devices can be attributed simple devices, the installation of which does not pose any special problems. Design feature boiler with natural circulation - no additional pump. The coolant in such a heating system moves in accordance with the laws of physics. Therefore, such a device can only be used in one-story buildings.

The piping scheme for floor-standing boilers with natural coolant circulation is considered the easiest to implement with your own hands and is therefore accessible to everyone. Such a heating system consists of only a few elements - a boiler, an expansion tank and batteries. At the same time, the advantages of such heating include the following parameters:

• ease of installation work;
• the boiler operates independently of external energy sources;
• relatively low price of the device;
• simplicity of the wiring and maintenance of the heating system;
• relatively small size;
• reliability of the unit - almost all elements of the boiler with natural coolant circulation practically do not break;
• You can repair common boiler breakdowns yourself.

Naturally, such a device also has many disadvantages. When piping a heating boiler with your own hands, the question arises of choosing the diameter of the pipes and coolant. To select the appropriate cross-section of distribution pipes, it is important to take into account many nuances. Very often, pipes with a large diameter are used for efficient heating operation. Also, the disadvantages of gravity-fed heating include the lack of ability to control the system. Therefore, in the process of piping the boiler, it is advisable to include an additional pump in the circuit.

Piping diagram for a boiler with a circulation pump

The heating circuit, through which the coolant moves according to a forced principle, is much more convenient in terms of operation. The operation of such a heating system can be controlled depending on the need to set the temperature in each individual room. In this case, the specified temperature parameters will be supported automatically.

But for such a boiler to operate, a source of electricity is required. And given the frequent power outages in the private sector, a double-circuit gas boiler becomes ineffective. The disadvantages of this type of space heating include the following parameters:

To simplify the piping scheme of wall-mounted double-circuit gas boilers and similar systems, primary-secondary rings are used, thanks to which the number of additional devices control and protection. This is achieved by creating several rings, in each of which a separate pump is installed, guaranteeing uniform distribution of the coolant.

In houses with several floors, a piping scheme with a hydraulic equalizer is used. The hydraulic device is applicable to boilers in heating systems, whose power exceeds 50 kW. Thanks to this device, uniform distribution of the coolant is ensured across all circuits and pressure compensation is achieved in all elements of the heating system. In simplified circuits, a comb collector is used as a compensator.

The collector principle of piping a heating boiler

In recent days, boiler piping schemes for gravity and forced heating systems, which based on tees, began to be replaced by more modern collector or beam wiring methods. This type of wiring is more efficient, but the complexity of installing it yourself increases significantly. In the collector circuit, a special water collector is installed immediately behind the boiler - a collector, to which all components of the heating system are connected individually.

The collector is mounted in a special cabinet. In this case, the heated coolant is directly supplied to the collector and, thanks to it, is evenly distributed over all other components of the heating system. Beam wiring is considered the most effective and has the following obvious advantages:

• the ability to control all heating units in the manifold cabinet;
• pressure distribution through the pipeline to all heating elements occurs evenly.

But for the comfort of an apartment you will have to pay a considerable amount. This is due to the fact that each individual heating unit is connected separately using pipes, which entails an increase in the time and cost of installation work.

Emergency piping of a heating boiler

Connecting many heating boilers to the network alternating current leads to the fact that owners of devices with forced circulation of coolant resort to the use of an emergency piping scheme. Naturally, the cost of such work will be slightly higher than with standard piping, but it will allow you to use heating regardless of the availability of electricity. Currently, experts are considering the following emergency connection options boilers

It is possible to choose the correct piping scheme for a gas heating boiler only based on the dimensions of the heated building. For small buildings, heating with natural circulation of water through pipes is acceptable. Houses with several floors are best heated with boilers with a recirculation pump for forced supply of coolant. In rooms with heated floors connected to a common heating network, use complex circuits piping with several pumps for uniform distribution of heated water. Piping schemes that include a hydraulic equalizer are suitable for houses with many rooms on several floors.

Heating boiler piping call the process of connecting equipment to hot water supply, as well as to distribution networks in accordance with operating standards.

Boiler is the main core of the heating circuit, its type affects choice of strapping scheme. The basic rule for installing a floor-standing boiler is to strictly prohibit its placement in the upper part of the pipeline distribution. If this rule is violated, then the boiler, for which the conditions for air removal have not been created, will begin to air out the system. The pipe that leaves the boiler without an air vent must be located only vertically. The pipes, which are located at the bottom of the unit, can be designed in such a way that an automatic air vent can be connected to them. Air vents are provided in wall-mounted electrical and gas models and are necessary to connect to the heating network.

To calculate home heating systems, you can use the calculator for calculating heating and home heat loss.

This feature must be taken into account when piping the boiler, for the reason that wall-mounted monoblock models are able to independently ventilate the system.

Varieties of schemes, features of boiler piping.

One of essential elements boiler piping is membrane expansion tank, which allows you to protect the system from water hammer. It is designed in such a way that two cavities, which are separated by a membrane, control pressure differences: the coolant moves through one, and the second is filled with air. For piping heating boilers, it is best to use polypropylene pipes or metal pipes. Piping a boiler using polypropylene pipes has many advantages, the main of which is ease of installation and low cost. Also, plaque does not form on the walls, and due to simple tools piping installation processes are easy to carry out, as is the connection of pipes using polyvinyl chlorides.

Tying gas boilers with polypropylene performed by soldering, this method will completely eliminate leaks that may occur due to poorly installed fittings. The advantage of working with polypropylene pipeline it will be possible to form any contour. Should also be avoided large quantity connections using polypropylene pipes, you also shouldn’t neglect the possibility of smooth transitions.

For supplying gas to the boiler, the main condition will be rigid connection. For these purposes, a metal pipe is used and connected to the unit through an “American” or a drive. Gaskets that are used to seal gas boiler connections and gas pipe can only be used from paronite; the use of tow, fum tape and rubber components is prohibited. A properly installed pipeline can last long time and is able to withstand pressure exceeding 25 bar and a coolant temperature of 95 degrees.

Boilers of this type do not have the option of regulating the heat supply. Fuel combustion occurs continuously, so in the event of a power outage, the pump, which is responsible for the forced movement of the coolant, will turn off. But the heating will continue and the pressure will increase, eventually this process will damage the entire system.

To prevent such situations, several types of emergency schemes are provided that allow you to dump excess heat:

• Emergency supply of cold water;
• Connecting the pump to batteries or generator;
• Presence of a gravity circuit;
• Additional emergency circuit.

It is worth paying attention to the principles of coolant circulation through the heating circuit. This principle is called gravitational, that is, the movement of liquids in the coolant occurs naturally, and the circuit will operate on the principle of forced circulation. In a natural circulation system, movement in a closed system occurs under the influence of the laws of physics; this process is determined by the difference in water density. This type heating eliminates electricity consumption. The system has natural circulation and does not have automatic adjustment features. Scheme with natural movement Best suited for a small area.

Advantages of a natural circulation system:

• Easy to install;
• Independence from power supply;
• Low cost;
• Reliability of operation.

Forced circulation can ensure the creation required pressure due to the operation of electric pumps. The forced circulation circuit is very convenient to use, as it is controlled automatically provided there is a stable power supply. When using a forced-type scheme, you will be able to select separate temperature parameters for each room, which will be controlled by system sensors.

This system also has its Disadvantages:

• The complexity of the strapping scheme.
• Mandatory balancing of parts.
• Service maintenance has a high cost.
• Component parts are expensive.

If heating boiler installation will be performed on primary-secondary rings, then the presence of a large number of fastening and connection elements is not required, but instead they will require the installation of pumps on heating rings. The system, which will consist of rings, together with the floor-standing boiler, will need to be supplemented with combs - heating manifolds, to evenly distribute the coolant supply to the heating elements.

Single-circuit and double-circuit heating boiler.

It has a fairly simple operating principle. During installation, it is connected to the chimney. For the normal functioning of the system, the presence of normal natural draft is sufficient.

Often install single-circuit boilers , which in their design have open camera combustion, which requires the creation of certain conditions in the room.

During its operation, the boiler uses air from the room. That is why it should be installed in some separate room. It is worth noting that when a single-circuit boiler operates, substances and gases harmful to the human body accumulate, this is the main reason for the need to equip a room with a boiler with a chimney or hood. If all the above conditions are created, the risk of explosion will be eliminated and will also ensure safe use equipment.

differs from its single-circuit analogue in its universal purpose: it maintains the coolant temperature in the heating circuit and heats water for domestic needs. Single-circuit generators can also indirectly heat water. The heat transfer process is carried out during the passage of the coolant through the secondary heat exchanger.

The main difference between a double-circuit boiler and a single-circuit boiler is the direct transfer of thermal energy to water. The main feature is that when hot water is consumed, the coolant is not subject to heating, and parallel operation of two circuits is excluded. Practice shows that the operating mode of the boiler is not important for houses with high-quality thermal insulation, it follows that with thermal inertia, the heating circuit will be the same for any type of heating. An impressive volume of hot water can be obtained by combining a single-circuit design and heating columns.

Double-circuit boiler It should not be designed in combination with a natural circulation system, since after the heating of the coolant stops, the movement of the liquid quickly stops. The secondary heating process takes quite a long time, and the heat in the radiator is distributed unevenly.

The main advantage of the scheme is the ability to work in natural circulation mode. The booster of the collector in this case is a pipe through which the coolant moves to the upper filling.

Schematic diagram of heating boiler piping.

It is important to understand that heating efficiency will directly depend on the accuracy of the connection. General scheme heating boiler piping various types, including solid fuel and condensation types, is quite simple, and looks like this:

• Boiler;
• Radiator;
• “American” nuts - for connecting the boiler to the heating system;
• Ball valves - to disconnect the boiler from the system;
• Filters for cleaning - will protect against non-standard water fractions;
• Thermal heads, tees, Mayevsky taps Angles and tees;
• Valves: straight through, separating, air and safety;
• Expansion tanks;
• Heat meter;
• Pressure gauge, thermometer, hydraulic separator, circulation pump;
• Clamps and other fastening parts.

Everyone knows that when heated, the density of water changes and it expands. In this case, pressure begins to increase, which can lead to an explosion. If there is an expansion tank, excess coolant goes into it.

The size of the tank also matters; it should be borne in mind that expansion tanks differ in purpose and color (a red tank is used for the heating system). When connecting a heating system, it is necessary to create in the tank required pressure- factory parameters usually do not correspond to the norm.

Safety valves, air vent and circulation pump.

Not used when open system heating. The main purpose of the valve is to protect the boiler from damage in the event of a sudden pressure surge in the system. As a rule, the valve is forgotten or a model or safety group with other characteristics is installed. As the valve responds, some water will naturally be released from the system, providing pressure relief and protection.

It must be installed immediately after installing the boiler, this is necessary to avoid “airing the system”. The air vent must stand strictly vertically upward. If the air vent begins to leak, a shut-off valve is installed in front of it for ease of replacement with a new one.

It will work properly only when the axis is in a horizontal position, and this position will significantly extend the “life” of the bearings. The pump mechanism should be protected from external dirt and debris.

Errors when piping heating boilers.

Attention: An incorrectly calculated boiler power will not be able to provide the required level of heating. The power must exceed the heat transfer parameters according to the formula 1 kW x 10 m 2, since in cold weather heat quickly disappears through windows and doors. A large boiler will be able to heat the system faster and, naturally, will consume more resources, but will turn on less often. Don't forget about the influx fresh air into the room in which the boiler operates, this is necessary for the combustion process and especially applies to a small area.

Conclusion: Competent installation and accurate calculations of the heating boiler power will help create maximum comfort for living in a country house at any time of the year.

The boiler is the main element of any heating system. Correct harness The boiler guarantees the efficiency of the entire complex; assembling it yourself allows you to save a good amount of money. Exists general principle and a wiring diagram for heat generators; for each individual case they acquire their own configuration. This depends on the type of heating boiler and the method of circulation of the coolant, the presence of built-in equipment. The article considers all aspects of independent implementation of heating boiler piping.

Types of water heating systems

According to the method of coolant circulation, water heating systems are divided into 2 types:

1. Scheme with natural (gravitational) circulation, open system;
2. Forced circulation circuit, closed type system.

In a system with natural circulation, water movement is carried out due to the difference in coolant densities. Heated water expands somewhat, acquires less density and weight, and rises upward through the system. Its place is taken by a cold coolant, which, in turn, also heats up and continues to move.

Systems of this type communicate with the atmosphere through an open expansion tank. The tank serves as a natural air vent and absorbs excess water when heated. The expander is often equipped with an overflow pipe to release water during rapid expansion.

The gravity system only applies to floor-standing boilers, since wall-mounted ones have a relatively small connection diameter and a small heat exchanger. These factors will not allow the principle of natural circulation to be realized.

The boiler is installed at the lowest point of the system, from which a vertical riser rises at least 2.5 meters high. An expansion tank is installed at the top point, the pipe goes horizontal with a slope of at least 3 - 5 mm per linear meter, diverges to the heating devices.

Apart from the expansion tank, no equipment is required to be installed in this circuit. The system is made of steel pipes with a diameter of 40 - 50 mm. The use of polymer (plastic) pipelines is not recommended due to the high temperature in the boiler area and the low thermal conductivity of the walls. Steel pipes themselves act as a heating surface.

Cast iron radiators with a large flow area are most often used as heating devices. Aluminum and bimetallic radiators have a small flow area - this prevents the movement of the coolant.

A closed type system is the most popular heating implementation scheme. The coolant in such a system moves forcibly and is pumped by a circulation pump. Operating pressure V closed scheme is 1.5 – 2.0 kgf/cm 2, the limit (safety valve response pressure) is 3.0 kgf/cm 2.

Various types of materials are used for installation of systems. The pipes in this case have a smaller diameter compared to natural circulation; a gasket is available in a hidden way. The range of pipeline sizes ranges from 15 to 25 mm (internal nominal diameter).

The closed circuit is universal for all types of boilers - wall-mounted and floor-mounted. The boiler piping in this case has a set of required elements:

1. Expansion tank membrane type(expanzomat);
2. Boiler safety group.

To ensure better performance, additional equipment is installed - a hydraulic separator (),.

Designed to compensate for pressure in the system. When expanding, the plastic membrane stretches, and excess coolant fills the water chamber of the vessel. When cooling, the membrane displaces water back under the pressure of the air chamber of the expanzomat (1.0 - 2.0 kgf/cm2).

The security group includes the following devices:

1. Frame;
2. Thermal manometer;
3. Safety relief valve;
4. Manual or automatic air vent.

Wall-mounted models usually have a full set of built-in equipment - a pump, an expansion chamber and a safety group. Floor-standing models are often produced without additional equipment; it must be purchased and installed separately.

Systems with natural (gravity) circulation are modernized by installing a low-power pump. This significantly improves performance, equalizes the network temperature, and does not require the installation of other equipment.

Types of heating boilers

Heating boilers in the prism of considering the issue can be divided into 3 groups, differing in the method of piping:

1. Wall mounted – gas, electric, liquid fuel;
2. Floor-standing gas, electric, ;

The complexity of the strapping scheme depends on the presence of built-in equipment. You should know that for floor heating boilers the best materials strappings are high temperature resistant steel or copper pipes. The temperature in the area of ​​a floor-standing boiler can reach values ​​of 90 – 95 0 C and be limiting for the integrity of polymer pipes, even stabilized ones.

Wall-mounted boilers most often operate at temperatures up to 75 0 C; for piping they can be used polymer pipes, preferably stabilized with aluminum or fiberglass.

Floor-standing solid fuel boilers do not have high-quality control of the coolant temperature at the outlet; high temperature and cyclic operation. The cyclicity is determined by the combustion time of the next load of fuel - coal, firewood, peat, briquettes, and so on. The piping of such equipment is strictly made of metal pipes. To smooth out cycles and conserve heat, a heat accumulator is included in the piping circuit.

Wall-mounted boiler wiring diagram

The boiler installation location must meet the following requirements:

1. Requirements attached technical documentation to the boiler;
2. Gas project requirements for gas boilers.

The accompanying documentation always clearly reflects the dimensions of the distances to the enclosing structures. The owner can make decisions on the placement of electric, solid fuel and liquid fuel heat generators independently, in compliance with the requirements of equipment passports.

Gas boilers wall-mounted and floor type are installed strictly in compliance with the requirements of the agreed project. Liquid fuel boilers, when replacing the burner and switching to natural gas, also require the implementation of a project - it is possible to change the placement point.

Wall-mounted boilers have two pipes with external thread¾ inch diameter (DN20). The following products are used for piping a boiler with a full set of internal equipment:

1. Ball valve ¾ with American drive – 2 pcs.;
2. Coarse mesh filter, internal threads¾ - 1 piece;
3. Brass coupling DN20 (3/4 inch);
4. Adapter for the selected pipe system DN20x3/4 HP (external thread).

Ball valves are installed with bends towards the boiler pipes. This allows you to turn off and remove the boiler for maintenance without emptying the system of water. The filter is designed to protect the heat exchanger from large fractions - scale, sand, etc.

Heating pipelines - polypropylene, metal-plastic, copper, cross-linked polyethylene - are connected to 20x3/4 adapters. Next, a heating system of various configurations is installed:

1. Single-pipe;
2. Two-pipe;
3. Collector;
4. Combined.

It should be noted that the volume of the built-in expansion tank in the boiler does not always correspond to the volume of the heating system. To check, you always need to carry out a verification calculation.

To do this, calculate the volume of coolant in the following equipment:

1. Boiler (heat exchanger capacity is indicated in the passport);
2. Heating radiators – internal volume;
3. Internal volume of pipelines.

The internal volume of water in radiators is indicated in the technical documentation for the product. In one section aluminum radiator standard height 500 mm (distance between connection centers) contains 300 – 350 ml of coolant, section cast iron radiator MS-160 - about 1.5 liters.

The internal volume of pipes is calculated based on the flow area of ​​the pipe multiplied by the length of the pipeline (cylinder volume).

The volume of the built-in expansion chamber must be at least 10% of the total volume of the system. Otherwise, it is necessary to install an additional membrane expansion tank.

In the absence of built-in equipment typical diagram The piping consists of shut-off valves, a filter, an expansion chamber, a circulation pump, and a safety group. The make-up (filling) line from the cold water supply is mounted only to single-circuit wall-mounted boilers. Double-circuit boilers connected to water, have a corresponding switch for replenishing the system.

The safety group is installed at the top point of the harness. Circulation pump It is recommended to install on a return pipeline with more than low temperature. This creates the conditions for a longer pump life.

When installing the pump, you must follow the rules for installing equipment with a “dry” and “wet” rotor. Products with a “dry” rotor can be installed in any spatial position, with a “wet” rotor - with a strictly horizontal rotor position. This is due to the fact that the wet rotor bearings are cooled by the pumped liquid.

Wiring diagram for a floor-standing gas boiler

The principle of piping a floor-standing gas boiler differs little from the connection diagram for a wall-mounted heat generator; the diameters of the pipelines change. More often than not, the scheme becomes more complicated. Boilers have a higher thermal power; indirect heating boilers, underfloor heating systems, and fresh air air heaters are often connected to them.

With a multi-component system the best solution is the introduction of a hydraulic separator and a manifold group into the circuit. The hydrostrelka separates the coolant flows and successfully balances the system elements with each other different modes work and temperature.

Distribution manifolds with balancing valves improve the ability to regulate and balance branches.

Wiring diagram for a floor-standing solid fuel boiler

Solid fuel boilers have a special operating mode, depending on the frequency of fuel loading and its calorific value. The unit operates in a cyclic mode, and at the peak of the combustion process the temperature can approach 95 0 C. Therefore, for piping the high-temperature circuit, you should use metal pipes– copper, stainless and ordinary steel.

To conserve excess heat and protect the system from overheating, a heat accumulator is included in the boiler piping circuit. This ensures heat accumulation and its rational consumption, reducing fuel consumption.

The heat accumulator in the circuit also performs the function of hydraulic separation of the primary and secondary circuits. With complete hydraulic separation, a separate expansion tank is installed in the secondary circuit, a make-up line from the cold water supply system, and a safety group are installed.

Solid fuel boilers are often equipped. The use of a heat accumulator is relevant only for closed-type complexes with circulation pumps.

Boiler piping – the most important stage heating system construction. You can do the work yourself, but you must adhere to the rules and diagrams described above, product data sheets and projects (in the case of gas equipment). In addition, it requires the installation skills of the selected equipment and materials, the necessary set of tools and equipment.