What is the best septic tank for a private home? Septic tanks for a summer residence: which is better, prices, reviews. Septic tanks for a summer residence: which one is better? What to consider when choosing them

Living outside the city has many advantages. Silence, the absence of neighbors behind the wall, clean air - who among the residents of megacities does not dream of this? But for a country house to be comfortable, it is necessary to have basic utilities in the house. And if in most villages it is possible to connect houses to the electrical network, then centralized sewerage systems are most often absent. Therefore, summer residents have to build local sewerage and, therefore, decide how to choose a septic tank for your dacha.

What should the local sewer system look like? summer cottage? Of course, reliable, efficient, not requiring constant monitoring and at the same time inexpensive. But before you decide which septic tank to buy for your dacha, you need to evaluate the operating conditions of the installation, since a septic tank model that is ideal for one dacha may not be suitable for another.

After all, some country houses are used as permanent housing, so they must be equipped with productive installations. And if the dacha is a place that is used for periodic recreation on weekends and holidays, you can choose simpler and cheaper sewerage options.

Determining productivity and volume

Before choosing a treatment plant for your dacha, you need to decide on the water consumption in the house, since the most important characteristic - the productivity of the installation and its volume - depends on this. How to determine water consumption in a house? This indicator depends on two factors:

• Number of people using water (number of household members and guests, if they regularly visit the house);
• Equipping the house with plumbing. If the house has a standard (as in an ordinary city apartment) set of plumbing fixtures, then accepted standards Daily fluid consumption per person is 200 liters. If the house, for example, does not have a bathtub, but only a shower, then the water consumption will be less, and when the dacha is equipped with a swimming pool connected to common system sewerage, then, on the contrary, the number will increase.

So, to calculate the performance of a septic tank, you need to determine the daily water consumption. For example, if 4 people live in a house, then the consumption and, therefore, the daily productivity should be equal to 800 liters.

But the volume of the septic tank chambers must be such that it can accommodate the volume of wastewater that accumulates over three days. That is, in our example, a family of four needs a volume of 2.5 cubic meters (3 * 800 = 2400 liters, rounded up, we get 2500 liters or 2.5 cubic meters).

Advice! When choosing the performance of a septic tank, you need to take into account not only the number of permanent residents, but also the number of guests who visit the house on a regular basis. And since a septic tank is purchased for more than a dozen years, it is worth considering the possibility of increasing the size of the family.

Deciding on the type of treatment plant

Having selected the optimal volume, you need to decide which type of septic tank will be best for the given conditions. When comparing septic tanks for a summer residence, we can distinguish three main types that differ in their operating principles.

Cumulative type

When planning to choose a simple septic tank for your dacha, you should opt for a storage tank. This is an ordinary sealed tank in which wastewater flowing through a pipeline from the house is accumulated. As wastewater accumulates, it will need to be pumped out using sewage disposal equipment. Advantages of this option:

• Cheap installation;
• Simplicity of the device;
• Environmental Safety.

Flaws:

• The need for regular cleaning. And what? more quantity drains, the more often you will have to clean the septic tank;
• Unpleasant odor spreading throughout the area during pumping.

This version of a septic tank is perfect for dachas that are not used for permanent residence, that is, with a small volume of wastewater. In this case, with a large volume of septic tank capacity, it will have to be cleaned 1-3 times during the summer, that is, maintenance costs will not be too high.

Anaerobic with aeration fields

When choosing the best septic tank for their dacha, most owners choose this option. Such septic tanks not only collect wastewater, but also clean it, so they will have to be cleaned much less frequently than storage tanks. Even if you live in the house full-time, cleaning will need to be done approximately once a year.

And at the same time, anaerobic septic tanks are relatively inexpensive, despite the fact that they are capable of providing a high degree of wastewater treatment. The advantages of this option:

• Reliability and simplicity of the device;
• Environmental Safety;
• Relatively low cost;
• Full autonomy, septic tanks do not require connection to power.

Advice! Anaerobic septic tanks can be purchased in the form ready installation or build the cameras yourself. The latter option is certainly cheaper, but its implementation will require high costs time and labor.

The disadvantages of anaerobic septic tanks include the need to build aeration fields. Aeration fields need to be changed approximately once every 10 years, since the filter layers become silted and cease to perform their functions, which requires additional labor and money.

In addition, it is extremely difficult to equip filtration fields if the soil on the site is clayey and does not drain water well. Or the soil waters are located very high, which does not allow additional moisture to be absorbed into the soil.

Normally operating anaerobic septic tanks do not spread an unpleasant odor throughout the area. The appearance of a smell is a signal of a system malfunction. This is possible when the filtration fields become clogged and the number of bacteria decreases.

Advice! Ready-made septic tanks are often sold complete with devices for soil treatment equipment - infiltrators. Installation of such devices is not too labor-intensive, which generally reduces labor costs for sewer system equipment.

To correct the situation, the following measures are taken:

• Cleaning the chambers using sewage disposal equipment;
• The use of special biological additives that will restore the number of bacterial colonies;
• Replacing filter fields.

Aerobic type

When reviewing septic tanks for summer cottages, it is impossible not to mention modern installations - septic tanks with aerobic wastewater treatment. These are compact stations that use biological processing Wastewater with the help of aerobic, that is, existing in an oxygen-saturated environment, bacteria.

Such purification allows you to quickly and effectively remove impurities, as a result, the outlet water is 98-100% purified, that is, these installations do not require the construction of filtration fields. The advantages of this option:

• The units are compact, operate without odor and noise;
• High degree of wastewater treatment, allowing water to be discharged from the septic tank without additional purification;
• Stations can be installed under any geological conditions on the site;
• There is no need to call vacuum cleaners to clean the stations. You can remove the sludge that accumulates in the sludge receptacle yourself.

The disadvantages of using stations biological treatment can be attributed:

• Energy dependence. The stations are equipped with compressors, aerators and other devices that require connection to electrical networks;
• High price. Biological treatment stations are quite expensive, so they are rarely installed in dachas.

However, if you plan to build big house for permanent residence, then if there is a large volume of wastewater, the choice of a biotreatment plant will be justified.

Deciding on the body material

When purchasing a ready-made wastewater treatment plant, the consumer does not have much choice. Most models have a plastic body, since modern polymer materials have excellent technical and performance characteristics. Advantages of plastic septic tanks:

• Reliability and long service life. Despite constant contact with sewage, the plastic does not break down. Therefore, the polymer body of the septic tank can last 50 years or more without requiring replacement;
• Elasticity. The walls of the septic tank body are quite elastic, so they can easily withstand the loads created by the soil;
• Light weight. This circumstance significantly facilitates installation and, in some cases, allows you to do without the use of lifting equipment.

However light weight The septic tank is at the same time its disadvantage, since under the influence of soil waters filling the pit, the light body of the septic tank can simply float to the surface, destroying the entire sewage system.

To prevent such occurrence emergency situation, plastic septic tanks are installed on a slab made of reinforced concrete and secured to it using belts made of synthetic materials. When planning to build a septic tank on their own, summer residents usually use:

• Reinforced concrete well rings;
• Plastic Eurocubes;
• Plastic barrels and other suitable materials.

When building a local sewer system, almost every homeowner is concerned with the question of how to choose a septic tank for their dacha - which one is better to buy from the proposed installations? Or is it better to build the cameras yourself? It is almost impossible to give a definite answer suitable for everyone. Since the choice of installation should be made taking into account local operating conditions: water consumption, frequency of use of the house, geological conditions on the site.

It is not so easy to purchase a suitable septic tank for country house– what to choose depends on many factors, so it is important to determine the main priorities and criteria for evaluating the models being compared. Of course, the advice of professionals and the help of neighbors can be of significant help, but it should be remembered that the choice is individual in each case. It depends, first of all, on the needs of the residents of the house and the conditions at a particular site. The right choice will ensure maximum comfort and avoid problems during operation and maintenance of an autonomous sewer system.

When figuring out which septic tank to choose for a country house, you should understand that it is important not only to compare models with each other, but also to correlate their characteristics with specific conditions.

Please note the following:

• climatic conditions,
• structure, density and other features of the soil on the site,
• operating mode, which is determined by the nature of residence in the house (permanent, seasonal, periodic),
• average daily volume of wastewater (this parameter can be calculated using more complex scheme, taking into account the type and quantity plumbing fixtures and washing equipment, but more often they use a simplified scheme, considering that the average daily water consumption of one person is about 200 liters).

Recycler models and their features

Any septic tank for sewerage in a country house has its own characteristics.

Drives

Storage tanks are the cheapest and easiest disposal devices at the construction stage. It is advisable to choose them when the house is not used very often or if the owners are ready to often use the services of vacuum cleaners.

Factory septic tanks with additional stages of post-treatment

Factory-made non-volatile septic tanks for a country house (for example, Tank, Triton, etc.) for efficient work are equipped with infiltrators or soil purification systems for them can be arranged independently. In tanks of such products, sedimentation and partial purification of wastewater occurs, and the final biological decomposition of impurities with the help of bacteria is carried out in the soil. Many people know that to install such septic tanks High areas are not suitable groundwater , however, there is one more nuance - the filtration fields cannot always be in one place, and their transfer is quite a labor-intensive task, involving a large amount of work earthworks. Choosing a septic tank for a country house should take into account all the operational features.

Tip: Instead of filter fields, you can use drainage well with filter bottom.

Self-made septic tanks

Building a septic tank yourself requires time and effort, but this is largely justified by the cost-effectiveness of the option. Building a septic tank is much cheaper than purchasing a factory model.

Sediments connected in series, poured concrete or, as well as other materials, provide stepwise clarification of wastewater and can be quite effective with the correct choice of volume and type of structure, as well as subject to the recommendations of specialists at the construction stage.

Deep cleaning stations

Local deep treatment plants for wastewater can only be purchased. The settling of impurities in such models is combined with the decomposition of organic inclusions under the influence and anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. The advantages of such structures are high degree cleaning and minimal maintenance requirements - VOCs operate automatically. However, it should be remembered that deep cleaning stations are volatile and need to be connected to the mains power supply. Moreover, for many owners country houses A deterrent to purchase is the high cost of VOCs.

Soil features

Before determining which septic tank is best for a country house, study in detail the geological conditions on your site. In addition to the type of soil, the level of occurrence is also important. surface waters, as well as the height of their rise, for example, during a flood.

Models for light soils

If the soil in a dacha or the garden area of ​​a country house is sandy or has a high sand content (sandy loam), any type of septic tank can be chosen for the installation of an autonomous sewage system. In particular, models with soil purification systems are effective in these conditions, since light soils allow and filter water well.

They work well on light soils and expensive stations biological purification, and simple budget storage devices.

The photo shows an example of the arrangement of filtration fields on the site

Models for heavy soils

The high content of clay, which allows water to pass through only in a dry state and, when saturated with moisture, becomes a waterproofing agent, imposes certain restrictions when choosing a treatment facility. If the soil on the site is clay or loam, and you are looking for the best septic tank for a country house, the rating will be headed by sealed storage tanks and local treatment stations (VOC). In this case, it is irrational to install a model with soil post-treatment. Theoretically, this is possible, but for the device to function normally, a huge amount of excavation work will have to be done - removing clay soil, replacing it with crushed stone or sand.

Models for areas with high soil water levels

A high level of soil water or its significant rise during a flood can create certain problems during the operation of an autonomous sewer system. To avoid them, it is important to choose the right type of recycler. Models that provide for the filtration of wastewater through the soil will not be suitable in this case - the impurities present in them will end up in groundwater.

Acceptable options are:

• sealed storage units,
• VOCs, which provide for the forced removal of purified liquid,
• septic tanks with a post-treatment system located on the ground surface.

Obviously, under any conditions you can find the optimally suitable septic tank for a country house - decide for yourself what to choose.

Wastewater treatment plant performance

To ensure trouble-free operation of the septic tank and prevent overcrowding of the tanks, it is important to select the correct performance of the model. This parameter, in turn, is related to the volume of cameras and their number.

It was already indicated above that the average daily volume of fluid consumption is about 200 liters per person. A septic tank, according to accepted norms and rules, must accommodate the amount of wastewater for three days, so this figure should be tripled and multiplied by the number of residents. The result obtained will be the required productivity of the utilizer, but experts do not recommend choosing “the minimum”; you should make a small reserve - 10-15% of the calculated volume, which is a kind of insurance and a way to reduce the risk of overfilling the tanks.

Having decided on the volume of the product, you can decide on the number of cameras.

• Single-chamber models are suitable for a minimum amount of waste (the average daily volume is less than a cubic meter).
• If the daily volume of wastewater is no more than ten cubic meters, a two-chamber septic tank would be the best option.
• Three-chamber models will ensure trouble-free waste disposal, even if a family of 4 people permanently lives in the house; they are designed to process wastewater in a volume of more than 10 cubic meters per day.

Pricing

Many manufacturers produce different kinds septic tanks for a country house. Availability in model lines products with different parameters allows you to make a rational choice for each home. At the same time, there are features characteristic of each brand.

The cost of the recycler is influenced by all parameters, including:

• septic tank volume,
• number of series-connected tanks (chambers, cleaning stages),
• technology used for wastewater treatment,
• availability of additional equipment (float level gauges, automatic control systems, filters, drainage pumps, air lifts, compressors),
• body material,
• company manufacturer.

You can learn from another article as a soil purification system.

If you decide to use them as a sewer, then our article will help in their selection and installation.

About the features of independent installation of an outdoor toilet here.

Popular models

To make it easier to navigate the variety of models, we suggest short review septic tanks for country houses from the most famous manufacturers.

Tank

Non-volatile septic tanks, one of the advantages of which is the presence of a monolithic body, eliminating the possibility of waste getting into groundwater. To increase the strength of the body, they are equipped with stiffening ribs. The range of septic tanks of this brand includes compact models for a small dacha (capacity - 600 l/day) and high-performance (from 1200 l/day) products designed for permanent residence of a family of 5-6 people.

Triton

Triton septic tanks are compact single-chamber mini-class models (Triton-Mini, Triton-Micro) and models for large quantity wastewater (from 1000 l/day) with three series-connected chambers (Triton-T). All structures are characterized by increased strength, capable of withstanding loads from soil pressure.

Topas

Models of this brand are energy-dependent (they belong to deep biological treatment stations - they purify wastewater by 98%), but differ from analogues in their low energy consumption. Reviews of Topas brand septic tanks for country houses prove their reliability. In addition, users note big choice products that differ in technical characteristics (performance, degree of depth of the sewer pipe, method of drainage, etc.).

When organizing drainage for a cottage, you can connect to the central sewer pipe of the village or install an autonomous sewer system. The first option is not always possible and is often too expensive, so many people opt for creating their own system.

To date, the best option Septic tanks are used for autonomous collection of used liquid.

A septic tank is a local installation that is part of the sewer system. In fact, this is an improved, well-known cesspool. Today they exist from the most ordinary storage systems, requiring periodic removal, to fully functional systems that carry out complete wastewater treatment.

Why is it better to install a septic tank at your dacha instead of a cesspool?

Several main advantages of autonomous wastewater treatment:

1. Comparative ease of installation;
2. Environmental friendliness;
3. No large expenses or labor costs for installation and maintenance are required;
4. Guarantee of a high level of wastewater treatment;
5. Septic tanks can serve for many years, they are reliable and durable;
6. It is possible to install in any region with any type of soil;
7. A variety of systems allow you to choose the best option for both a small house and a spacious cottage where many people live;
8. You can arrange them yourself by selecting suitable materials.

The advantages of using them are obvious. In addition, the level of soil contamination is significantly reduced.

Work principles

There are many types of septic tanks on the market, but they all operate using the same technology. These are containers consisting of several parts, where the process of waste purification takes place, for further discharge into a canal, ground or for reuse for other economic needs. Each compartment undergoes a certain degree of cleaning:

• physical, during which excess debris is removed;
• settling stage;
• decay of organic waste;
• processing by anaerobic bacteria;
• removal of accumulated gases;
• clarification and filtration process.

All these steps allow wastewater to be purified to almost 98%. If deeper cleaning is required, you will have to resort to additional filtration through aeration fields.

Types of septic tanks

Experts distinguish several types into which septic tanks can be divided. This is the design of the unit, the principle of operation and the material of the tank.

Based on their operating principle, cleaners are divided into:

1. Cumulative

This is a completely energy-independent and most budget-friendly type of septic tank that you can construct yourself. The system is a reservoir into which all wastewater is drained and settled before pumping.

Advantages of storage systems:

• relative low cost of installation;
• autonomy, independence from electricity;
• minimum maintenance budget;
• suitable for installation in areas with elevated levels groundwater.

Minuses:

• requires periodic pumping and cleaning;
• not intended for large burst volumes of wastewater;
• emit an unpleasant odor;
• it is better to use such autonomous sewage systems on land with predominantly sandy composition;
• There will be expenses for vacuum cleaners.

2. Anaerobic with filtration fields

This option allows you to save on pumping wastewater, but is not cheap. The system consists of a container divided into several compartments, where various stages of cleaning occur until the waste is completely processed. The outlet water is purified up to 75%, which means you don’t have to worry about soil contamination. But if there is a need for its further use, then cleaning with anaerobic fields will be required.

Almost all models of anaerobic septic tanks with filtration fields are built using waste-free processing technology - without pumping wastewater. They are the most effective and therefore the most expensive. So-called anaerobic bacteria allow wastewater to be purified up to 98%. The process itself is fully automated and allows for the processing of large volumes of wastewater.

All filtration systems are divided into:

• factory or handicraft production;
• cumulative nature or options without pumping;
• non-volatile or autonomous.

What does a septic tank consist of? What materials are they made of and how are they built?

For the manufacturing process of a septic tank, the following materials are used:

Plastic

These are light and strong containers that are easy to install. And they are inexpensive. They have a long service life, which, with proper use, reaches 50 years. There are models both accumulative and with their own processing.

The small mass of plastic septic systems is also their disadvantage if a high groundwater level is found on the site. Capacity can in literally float to the surface, so installation in such areas is not recommended. Or they are additionally fixed in the ground using concreting.

Concrete

This is a durable, reliable type of storage device that is non-corrosive and resistant to environmental influences. The best option when a high groundwater level is detected at the site.

Because of heavy weight, installing concrete septic tanks requires special equipment. However, you can erect such structures yourself - in several stages, gradually pouring concrete to the desired height.

Metal

Metal septic tanks are inexpensive. They are universal containers, thanks to minimum weight which can be installed even at high groundwater levels.

The downside is that they are short-lived and have a short service life. The material is quickly destroyed by corrosion and the activity of anaerobic bacteria.

How to choose the right septic tank for your home? And how much does it cost?

Choosing a suitable septic tank for a summer house or cottage can be quite a difficult task. In the absence of special knowledge, it is better to take the advice of a specialist in order to avoid system failure and other problems in the future.

What you can do yourself is to calculate the required volume. The following formula is used for this:

septic tank volume = 200 l (average daily water consumption per person) x 3

It should be noted that the formula does not take into account the additional use of water for various household needs, such as: watering lawns, gardens, car washing, functioning of a swimming pool, fountains, etc. Therefore, the resulting amount is multiplied again by 3. For example, when living in a house of 3- x person, we get:

3 x 200 x 3 = 1,800 liters per day

As we see, in this case, to organize an autonomous sewer system, it may be sufficient to install a small septic tank without plunging into the nuances of large sewer systems.

Which septic tanks are best suited for houses and cottages for permanent residence?

When choosing an autonomous sewer system for a cottage where people plan to live permanently, we again proceed from the number of days and volumes of water consumed by the residents.

Practice shows that for a family with an average income, a 2-3 section storage device in combination with a septic tank filter will be sufficient to provide sewerage at home. For example, a 3-section system, in which 2 compartments are storage tanks, and the 3rd is equipped without a bottom, with a backfill of crushed stone or a sand cushion for discharging purified water.

When organizing this type autonomous systems It is important to consider that the pillow is changed every 2-3 years, and the septic tank purifies the water by about 90%.

The best septic tanks for country houses for seasonal use

If residents rarely visit their home or dacha, or even live in it only during the summer season, then there is no need for a complex, high-performance sewer system. In this case, country property owners most often purchase single-chamber, compact drives. Unlike cesspools, they are equipped with crushed stone and sand filters and purify wastewater up to 50%.

If visits to the house occur more often, experts recommend choosing two-chamber septic tanks equipped with settling and filtration compartments. Typically, such septic tanks are assembled with activated sludge, which contains bacteria and processing waste. The body material is most often made of frost-resistant plastic, and you can install such a system yourself.

What to look for when choosing a septic tank?

Autonomous sewer systems are selected individually for each specific home. This takes into account:

1. Period of continuous use of the house. If residents rarely live in a cottage, then there is no point in spending the family budget on the use of expensive systems, and the installation itself will be unprofitable. In addition, not all systems are suitable for periodic use and do not allow periods of downtime;
2. Plot size, groundwater level and soil composition. You need to carefully read the operating conditions of septic tanks. Installation of many of them is impossible in an area with a high groundwater level, some do not require location in limited areas, and conventional storage tanks are best placed in sandy soil;
3. Performance. The daily volume of wastewater discharge influences the choice of septic tank performance;
4. Budget. Is the most important factor of choice. If it is limited to a small amount, then single-chamber or double-chamber installations are recommended, without the use of additional high-tech equipment.

It is important to know that it is better not to skimp on the quality and cost of a septic tank. Since this will directly affect the comfort of living of residents in a private house.

Rating of septic tanks for a country house

On modern market There are many models of devices and filtration systems presented; the list of septic tank ratings is formed based on data on the number of sales and user opinions. The most popular systems are Ecopan, Breeze, Graf and others.

"Ecopan"

Purifier with biofilter, consisting of 6 compartments. The container is made of durable waterproof polymer. There are options for normal soils and areas with high groundwater levels.

"Breeze"

Ideal for a home where up to 3-5 people live permanently throughout the year. The reservoir with a filter is made of plastic and is divided into 2 sections: in the first, the wastewater is settled, and in the second, it undergoes bacterial treatment. On final stage, when draining into the ground, the water undergoes additional purification.

"Graf"

A line of proposals where the main reservoir, depending on the intensity and amount of liquid used, is a multi-chamber anaerobic septic tank. After the final stage of treatment, the water is 70% purified, so additional purification is required using drainage fields.

"Aster"

High-performance septic tank equipped with a compressor. It is selected individually, depending on the number of residents and the daily volume of wastewater.

The device prevents the occurrence of unpleasant odors and is placed in close proximity to the house. Purified water is suitable for disposal into a ditch.

"Triton mini"

This septic tank fully lives up to its name. This is a compact, two-chamber water purification system with a capacity of 750 liters, suitable for regular use in private homes and cottages where up to 2 people live. Requires pumping approximately every 3 years.

Conclusion

A properly organized drainage system and an optimally selected septic tank will be the key to a comfortable life for everyone who is used to living in their own private home, cottage or dacha.

Modern models allow you to set up a convenient, autonomous, and, most importantly, reliable sewerage system that will work effectively for many years without repairs or additional costs.

The times when you could simply use an outdoor toilet in dachas and country houses are long gone. Modern hygienic requirements have increased significantly, and now it is necessary to strictly monitor safety when handling household waste. Good septic tanks help solve the problem, but in order not to make a mistake with your choice, you need to carefully study their nuances.

Peculiarities

Connection to centralized sewer systems is not possible everywhere. Disposing of sewage and household waste using a septic tank is much more practical and reliable than using a banal cesspool. Speaking about the advantages and disadvantages of septic tanks, it should be noted that only one circumstance can cause certain inconvenience. This is the need to pay a certain amount of money even if the device is made by hand.

The operating principle of a storage type device is simple:

• waste enters the container;
• as it fills, they call a car with a pump and a sewage tank;
• After some time, the emptied container is again ready to receive waste.

As for the second type of device, it works fundamentally differently. The simple accumulation of contaminants is replaced by their filtration, absorption and thorough neutralization. Complicating the design in this case is completely justified, since it allows the problem to be solved most effectively. When choosing products, it is recommended to take into account how many residents are in the house or can visit it. Also of no small importance is the type of plumbing equipment and the intensity of his work.

Regardless of the specific design, it is necessary to achieve a high level of wastewater purification so that it can be discharged into the ground without the threat of clogging. Usually the flow of sewage entering through sewer drain, is sent to the source chamber, where it is divided into fractions. This leads to the fact that the largest solid particles settle to the bottom, and the relatively fine suspension reaches the next chamber. Specially selected anaerobic microorganisms deal with them there. As a result of biological influence, fermentation occurs and methane begins to be released.

The passages to the septic tank compartments are covered with special devices (water seals). Thanks to this solution, the nuisance characteristic of simple cesspools and sedimentation tanks is eliminated - the spread of a bad odor everywhere.

The third chamber also plays a role, in which, using a filter of a special design, contaminants that have overcome the first two stages are captured. The filter is also assisted by aerobic bacteria that live freely in an oxygen environment. A similar device is typical for any septic tank, be it a Russian or imported product.

After delivery to the site, fully finished specimens are lowered into a pre-formed pit. Those wastewater that managed to go through three stages of purification are completely safe in chemical and biological terms. You can safely redirect them to the filtration field and into the soil. The treatment plant, which complies with SNiP standards, successfully operates even in the harshest climatic conditions. It is not afraid of severe frosts and snowstorms, and some versions do not depend on power supply at all.

If for some reason you are not satisfied with factory products or there is a desire to save money, land owners can make a septic tank themselves.

For this purpose, completely finished tanks are supplied, but with the difference that their installation will be carried out not by a team of specialists, but by the owners themselves. It is recommended to choose the strongest materials that can successfully withstand the aggressive effects of sewage waste. Before installing septic tanks yourself, you should prepare drawings to eliminate errors and omissions. Sometimes 3-6 concrete rings are enough to complete the task.

How to choose and make it yourself?

When working on an autonomous sewer system, there are no trifles, because even the slightest mistakes and shortcomings can lead to serious consequences. It is advisable to consider first choosing a finished product, and then constructing it with your own hands. In both cases, you need to take into account:

• how much waste accumulates per day;
• whether they live in the house all year round or only in the warm season;
• the amount of plumbing used;
• presence of groundwater and its height, chemical properties;
• the amount that owners can allocate for the purchase of plumbing equipment;
• characteristics of the soil on the site.

When assessing the properties of any septic tank, whether homemade or industrial, it is better to start analyzing them with the performance of the device. This parameter is closely related to the number of working chambers and their dimensions. Minor flows of wastewater can also be passed through single-chamber septic tanks with a preliminary cleaning unit. Household waste in this case they will be cleaned quite effectively. But if the total flow is more than 1 cubic meter. m. in 24 hours, we need a more productive model.

In its design, such a device often looks like a simple storage tank, which is systematically cleaned with your own hands or by calling a sewage disposal truck. For permanently used houses such solutions are unacceptable. Active accumulation of waste will provoke significant costs for the services of vacuum cleaners. Increased operating efficiency is typical for biological purification complexes.

Anaerobic wastewater treatment methods inevitably generate gases that are dangerous to people. Therefore, you need to choose only kits with fun boner. When choosing a suitable solution, you also need to find out:

• what body material will be optimal;
• whether the tank should be placed horizontally or vertically in the soil;
• How many cleaning chambers are required?

Simple installation of concrete settling tanks from blocks of standard dimensions or by pouring concrete into formwork is accessible to almost everyone. The use of ready-made elements allows you not to worry about problems with the quality of manufacturing parts, but it increases the cost of construction. To transport concrete rings, you need powerful transport, and they are installed using special lifting machines. Self-fill more economical, but it will take significantly more time. The settling tank will need to be operated only after the cement mixture has completely set.

Reinforced concrete rings are difficult to seal, and their suitability for repair remains questionable. Such parts are very bulky and heavy in design. But concrete products are more resistant to soil pressure and ground water than plastic ones.

There's no need to choose budget septic tanks with metal tanks, because the savings will be illusory. It will be necessary to constantly treat the surface of the septic tank with anti-corrosion mixtures.

Metal blocks are preferred where it is necessary to create geometrically complex overflow pipe complexes. Welding is used to install metal septic tanks. Connections to plastic pipes are made using flange systems, complemented by rubber cuffs. The strength and significant heaviness of steel bodies helps to avoid being pushed out by water circulating in the soil. In many cases, plastic septic tanks are used for a cottage or a simple private house.

Plastic elements can be assembled manually, and the tightness of the connections created using the cuffs is completely guaranteed. There is no need for complex protection against various substances.

After installation, plastic tanks are filled with water, this will help equalize the pressure inside and outside.

Please note: the industry produces a number of products that are characterized by increased rigidity. This allows you to bury septic tanks in dry mode.

When choosing a device, you should also pay attention to how the drainage will be organized. Directing the liquid by gravity implies the need to lay pipes at an angle. The chambers of storage or filtration septic tanks are equipped with stable waterproofing or are made of materials impermeable to water. When building a cleaning system with your own hands, you need to add overflow pipes to the septic tanks, which transfer water to the filter section. The pipes must be supplemented with vertical segments continuously immersed in water.

As in self-production, and when purchasing ready-made kit can be used different methods final soil cleaning. Widespread:

• filtration wells with a layer of drainage material at the bottom;
• tunnel infiltration devices;
• underground cleaning “fields” where perforated pipes are laid.

Choosing the right approach is not easy, because you will have to take into account the required depth of wastewater treatment, soil category, height of soil water and their chemical aggressiveness. When one of the chambers is reserved for aerobic microscopic cleaning, it is supplemented with aerators, so you will have to take care of a stable power supply. An air pipe is laid between the parts of the septic tanks, compensating for the uneven pressure in them.

Regardless of the design features, you will have to make hatches for inspection and cleaning of containers.

Kinds

A septic tank for a dacha with 2-3 residents can be made according to the cesspool option; This is the most economical type in terms of water consumption. The container must be very durable, and the higher its capacity (within reasonable limits), the more practical the device is.

For permanent residence with a small amount of waste generated, it is preferable overflow systems. Such equipment produces partial waste treatment, and the tank will have to be emptied using special equipment on average once every two or three years. The soil filter fields that complement such septic tanks are made from rocks that are permeable to water.

The advantages of this solution are:

• ease of service manipulations;
• long intervals from one cleaning to another;
• increasing the efficiency of waste use.

But septic tanks, which have additional purification in the soil, cannot be used in clay soil with insufficient permeability to liquid. In addition, such a design is incompatible with the high position of the first horizon. For a private home, in many cases, more powerful and advanced treatment plants are used. Overall performance is determined by the number of cameras; There is no need to make calculations when choosing a device; the number of residents served is written on the packaging.

An autonomous storage (non-volatile) septic tank is always cheaper than one dependent on the electrical network. It's not just about operating costs, but also about the necessary basic components. The lack of connection to the electrical network allows you not to equip the septic tank with pumps, compressor systems and fittings. But valves and hoses will be used in a specific case.

It is worth considering that if it is necessary to process waste as deeply as possible (for use or as prescribed by sanitary authorities), you will have to abandon energy-independent solutions completely.

Increased efficiency of devices connected to electrical network, turns into the need to constantly maintain strictly specified conditions.

Volatile devices are best installed on a turnkey basis with the help of specialists. Sewerage for country houses can be common to several buildings. The discharge should be planned so that it is above the soil water horizon. The hatch of the simplest storage system rises 10-15 cm above the soil. To less often call the machine for pumping, you should choose a product with a capacity for a month and a reserve of at least 1/5.

Non-volatile complexes are selected in such a way that the full capacity allows the volume of wastewater to be absorbed in 72 hours and there is still a spare volume of approximately 30-40%. Normal operation of overflow-type devices implies that the liquid fills a maximum of ¾ of the entire cavity of the tank. Active devices are in any case equipped with ventilation systems. For the system to operate odorlessly, the outlet must be located at a height of 300-500 cm. The tanks are cleaned of accumulated sludge every few months.

Local purification stations help reduce the intensity of bad odors as much as possible.

Compared with simple septic tanks, such devices are more expensive, since waste treatment is carried out not only by biological and mechanical methods. In addition to infiltrators, chemical treatment agents are also necessarily used. Such devices cannot be used for non-permanent areas. But the level of remaining contaminants is a maximum of 5% of the original value.

Clarified water can be used for:

• irrigation of gardens, vegetable gardens and fields;
• filling a landscape reservoir;
• conducting construction and repair work.

When there is no need for such use of treated wastewater, it is allowed to pour it into natural reservoirs and various ditches. Sewage facilities can withstand several hours during a power outage, but no more. Therefore we will have to supplement sewage treatment plant backup power systems, even if the energy networks in a particular area operate quite reliably.

In any case, the fewer seams in a volatile or autonomous septic tank, the more efficiently and sustainably it works.

Material

• Polyethylene structures do not have seams at all, so cracking and leaks are excluded. Synthetic material does not rot and is not prone to corrosion. Multilayer polyethylene works stably even in frosts of 30 degrees. Fiberglass blocks are considered no less high quality. They are stronger than polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, but the overall cost is much higher. Plastic is used mainly for commercial properties or for several private homes at once. Many fiberglass structures can meet the needs of up to 200 residents at a time.
• Metal products (almost always steel) usually have two parts. The internal volume of the welded body contains an additional plastic tank. Even the best steel is rarely used by itself, because it can easily lose its tightness, and if outer layer damaged, corrosion will quickly develop.
• Combined devices (metal + plastic) can have up to four sectors for sequential cleaning of incoming wastewater.

• Depending on the designers’ decisions, the walls are made either continuous with special holes or with overflow projections. Brick blocks They are popular largely because waste material can be used in their construction. Wherein serious problem represents ensuring the tightness of the walls. Building stone initially has many cracks and gaps. To cover these holes, special sealants or penetrating mastics are usually used. Brick septic tanks are beneficial for economic reasons; complex machines or professional skills are not required when working on them. Single brick masonry is allowed. A more reliable solution is to choose a structure made of concrete; they are very durable. But there is also weakness– the need for complex equipment.

• For the manufacture of a septic tank, it is allowed to use both monolithic and prefabricated concrete. Monolithic elements must be poured into the formwork after preparing the pit. As with the use of bricks, the tightness of the joints must be assessed as carefully as possible.

Metal structures are used least often because negative qualities the positives almost always outweigh.

Analyzing properties various solutions, most experts prefer plastic septic tanks.

Returning to fiberglass, we can also name such advantages as:

• service life up to 50 years;
• resistance to extreme cold and putrefactive processes;
• immunity to rodent attacks;
• the ability to pump out all waste in 60 minutes;
• the ability to use salvo discharges of a significant amount of wastewater;
• protection from foreign objects;
• Suitable for winter preservation without special preparation.

As for the use of other available materials, such steps are not approved by professionals. They can only be used on small dachas, which are visited only occasionally. Barrels, tires, old tanks, and the like are used as storage devices of this kind. A surface septic tank should be installed where a lot of soil water is concentrated, and near the very surface of the soil. If these problems do not exist, it is recommended to use underground options.

Dimensions

It is important to consider not only the properties individual materials, but also the size of septic tanks. When calculating dimensions, we must not forget that the volume is calculated as the total volume of all component parts; it is calculated from the bottom to the pipe entry. In the first compartment, the counting is carried out from the lowest point to the overflow device, in the final one - to the place where liquid is discharged into drainage or filtration structures. It is worth considering that in the initial chambers the average volume of solid accumulation reaches 1/5 of the height. Therefore, it is subtracted if they want to know only the space where the liquid is located.

According to building codes and regulations, even for miniseptic tanks, the daily volume of water per user is 200 liters or 0.2 m3. The smallest storage facility is designed to operate without draining for 72 hours, this allows you to compensate for various incidents and problems. When designing or choosing a solution, it should be remembered that water can be discharged into the soil layers after at least 14 days. Only under this condition will anaerobic bacteria and a settling tank be able to completely neutralize liquid waste. Formally, it turns out that for one person you will have to install a tank with a capacity of 2.8 cubic meters. m.

In practice the situation is different; The standard consumption of the standard volume of water is rarely achieved; sometimes it is half as much. This happens in rarely used houses or among frugal people. Yes, and the price goes up water resources forces us to protect them more and more. The problem is that when small-volume septic tanks are discovered, sanitary authorities may issue orders for the installation of more powerful systems. And they will be completely right even from a purely practical position!

The reason is simple - wastewater contains many substances that are poorly processed or not absorbed by bacteria at all. Most often these are heavy fats, and therefore only the intake of a large amount of water can achieve normal lightening. This is important not only for compliance with hygiene requirements, but also for keeping the equipment safe and sound. If the filter elements and layers are overfilled with substances that are difficult to decompose, they will lose their throughput. We will immediately have to redo the entire storage and filtering infrastructure.

On the other hand, you need to choose the volume of the chamber, focusing on the capacity of the sewage transport tanks. Small cleaning tanks arriving on call can take no more than 3.75 cubic meters. m. liquid. It is also worth thinking about the depth at which the sludge pump can operate; it does not exceed 3 m. These moments determine linear parameters septic tank entrance chamber. In order for settling and microbiological improvement to occur more effectively, it is recommended to use at least two-chamber complexes whenever possible.

The standardized height of the rings is 90 cm, and with an internal diameter of 1000 mm their volume is 0.7 m3. If the diameter increases by 1.5 times, the volume of the rings already reaches 1.59 m3, and two-meter structures have a volume of 2.83 cubic meters. m. As for the depth of the drain pipes at the entrance to the septic tank, it can be quite different. Excessive lowering is undesirable; it is better to strengthen the insulation layer. But there are other considerations, such as the need to hold the pipes firmly enough.

Removing septic tanks from houses more than 10 m is impractical, and minimum slope pipeline is 3%. This indicator allows you to avoid freezing of pipes and reduce the risk of them filling with solid particles. The average depth of the waste pipeline reaches 50 cm (together with the insulating block). As a result, the depth of the overflow between the first and second compartments is 700 mm. The top insulation is made with EPS boards at least 5 cm thick.

Taking two meter rings, you can achieve a typical volume of 2.7 m3 with a pair of compartments. If you take concrete products one and a half times larger in size, you can get by with a single-chamber design. But as already mentioned, one should not pursue simplicity here. It should be taken into account that each pipe introduced into the septic tank must end with fittings pointing downwards. Tees that are open to the top are also used (this helps reduce debris buildup).

Colors

The color of the septic tank can be very different, but in any case you should avoid flashy and irritating shades. Concrete blocks They look good on their own. It is recommended to use blue, white or black tones for optimal appearance. The paint for any septic tank must be resistant to harmful wastewater and damage from moving soils. Any most durable and stable composition will be suitable for solving this problem.

Manufacturers and reviews

The production of septic tanks is being improved year after year. Modern technologies allow you to solve any given problem. The leading positions in various ratings are occupied by:

• "Topaz";
• "Mole";
• "Tank";
• "Triton";
• "Cedar";
• "Ecoline".

Version "Tank" designed to combine mechanical and biological methods for clarification of domestic wastewater. The very first fragment of the septic tank is a settling tank; the initially purified liquid moves to the next chamber. There, auxiliary settling occurs and suspended particles precipitate. The third block of the “Tank” contains beneficial microorganisms - this increases efficiency, but also increases the volume of the device.

The Triton brand has such competitive advantages, How:

• low cost;
• the ability (with the help of infiltrators) to leave only 2% dirt in the water;
• acquisition of models with a variety of practical properties;
• complete exclusion of unpleasant odors;
• strict compliance with sanitary standards;
• long period of operation in normal mode.

Problems may be associated with the lack of an infiltrator or aeration fields. If there are no such possibilities, the efficiency of the septic tank turns out to be insufficient, and it will not cope with a significant increase in the flow of sewage. Design "Topaz" It is excellently economical and works through aeration and the use of microorganisms. In normal mode, it is possible to purify the liquid by 98%. The developers took care of solid tightness and excellent anti-corrosion characteristics.

To install Topaz, you will have to prepare the pit carefully. A good recess must have special stiffening ribs, this ensures zero risk of deformation. The first compartment is capable of separating solid matter from the wastewater, only then the mixture is purified using oxygen. Purified water can be used in a wide variety of ways. But Topaz is highly dependent on electrical energy.

Firm "DSK" tried to make a three-chamber product, where two segments become settling tanks, and the third is equipped with a biological filter. Decomposed and clarified sewage moves into the soil filter layer.

Company "Unilos" focused on increasing the mechanical strength of its products by creating stiffeners on them and using molecular welding. The design of devices of this brand allows you to do without moving parts. The carefully designed 20mm thick wall easily resists soil pressure. The wastewater flows successively through a primary settling tank, an aerobic plant and a secondary settling tank. The release of water from pollutants by 95% allows it to be used for watering agricultural plants. The disadvantages of the system are dependence on the power grid and instability in the cold. In addition, such blocks are very expensive.

Septic tanks "Ecoline" According to the manufacturer, they are the best choice for summer seasonal use. If installed correctly, they can be used regularly. The system has only two cameras, which have no electrical components. The entrance chamber is much larger than the exit chamber, which is responsible for gravitational brightening. Additional purification is carried out in the soil.

The cost-effectiveness of Ecoline does not allow us to consider their septic tanks as the optimal solution. The fact is that the amount of remaining contaminants is as much as 40%. In addition, it will not be possible to use such systems in places with high soil water levels. Without enhanced cleaning by other means, there is a high probability of contamination of soil horizons with microorganisms. Equipment of the Kedr brand certainly requires cleaning with special equipment.

At the inlet, primary filtration is carried out, and the water cleared of sediment passes into the second block, where it is clarified deeper. Then the flow moves up and down, reaching the fixed microflora. The final compartment is responsible for the accumulation of waste.

Finnish manufacturers Uponor and Green Rock deliver products of excellent quality and excellent reliability. The highest characteristics of genuine Scandinavian goods, unlike fakes, do not allow them to be sold cheaply.

Uponor's selection has three main subtypes.

• Products "Sako" They are distinguished by partial sedimentation of sewage and autonomy. A filtration section in the soil must be completed, otherwise the surrounding area will be a very unpleasant place.

• For dachas you can also place products from the series "Bio"(with enhanced chemical and microbiological water purification). Perfectionists will be pleased with Bio Clean products, which are very compact and easy to use.
• "Green Rock" supplies only septic tanks with multi-stage treatment. All equipment of this brand combines the efforts of special reagents and microflora. This technique allows you to develop a local sewer system from scratch and significantly improve the existing one.

The Bio device requires periodic disposal of used filter blocks and special reagents and replacing them with fresh portions. Products from the Sako group do not resist cold well enough. In the most northern regions you will need to either install insulation or choose equipment that is more stable for winter.

Finnish goods are made using seamless technology. This is much more reliable than the Russian approach, which involves connecting prefabricated parts.

Successful examples and options

In addition to choosing the appropriate brands and models of septic tanks, you need to pay attention to the components that complement the cleaning system. The use of devices with a biofilter (colonies of anaerobic organisms) allows you to do without connecting to the electrical network. Microbes can get the energy they need by breaking down organic matter without oxygen. Carbohydrates and various amino acids contained in sewage are broken down into low-molecular compounds that are safe for the natural environment. An anaerobic biological filter is made as a plastic container, divided into fragments of a certain type.

A biological purifier necessarily contains an inert material with a large specific area, which makes it possible to combine the development of microbial colonies and additional mechanical filtration. Organic matter breaks down when passing through the biofilter into simple soluble substances and sludge deposits. The sludge will have to be removed, but in many cases it is used as fertilizer.

Typical fillers:

• expanded clay;
• plastic brushes or meshes;
• granular polymers of a strictly defined fraction.

Typically, the distribution of microbes in biological filters is made uniform over the surface, and if their supply is replenished in a timely manner, it will be possible to ensure stable work during the whole year. Such filtering does not require any complex technical skills to operate. The systems operate for a long time and odors do not penetrate outside. Safety is completely guaranteed.

In addition to organic filtration means, septic tanks are often equipped with a grease trap. In gravity drains, fatty deposits become a serious hazard and increase the likelihood of blockages and blockages. Grease traps must be installed on production facilities and in places where many people live. Private homeowners do not have such regulations, but it is better to protect your system in advance before problems arise. The design and operating principle are quite simple.

When water penetrates the inlet pipes, the first chamber begins to fill. As this filling occurs, the fat particles rise to the top because they are lighter than water. Next, the fat reaches a special tray, where it gradually accumulates. The liquid released from it moves to another compartment, which ensures the residual breakdown of fats. For this purpose, the most powerful and effective methods, and when the equipment finishes working, the water flows into the sewer.

The first sector is saturated with water-insoluble particles. Therefore, the grease trap will need to be removed, washed and cleaned regularly. Industrial devices are easier to clean; there are special drainage pumps or shut-off valves in the bottom for this purpose. Placing a coarse delay filter in front of it helps reduce the likelihood of early contamination of the catching mechanism. Trappers are used most effectively; if the fat is heated more than the water, then it will dissolve in it and float.

Waste separation is sometimes carried out using a physical-chemical method. The essence is the use of special reagents capable of binding single particles into large collections. Such agglomerates can be more easily removed from the liquid by mechanical filters. But even with precipitation cleaning in special chambers or settling tanks, chemical pre-treatment helps improve the result. The flotation method involves the use of special compressors that supply air bubbles to the cleaning chambers.

Fats, in contact with air bubbles, form special films. The bubbles go to the top. This technique works best with significant heating of wastewater, in which the fat is practically dissolved. The mechanical technique consists of using special membranes with finely dispersed cells. The pace of work turns out to be too slow, the filter quickly becomes dirty due to the strong influx of fats.

But the overall efficiency of fat extraction will be very high. The solution is suitable for filtering wastewater regardless of its temperature and degree of dissolution. The coalescent approach relies on the ability of fats to be drawn into specific structures and settle. The emulsified fat in the filter chamber, subject to gravity and surface tension, collects on the surface. In this place mechanical devices(manual or automatic) can assemble it.

There is another approach - the use of centrifuges. Differences in the molecular weight of water and fats cause different moments of inertia. Therefore, during rotation in the centrifuge, separation of various substances occurs. The body of any grease trap is sealed, but it can always be disassembled. Inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the device.

The lid is made in a removable or opening version, this allows you to:

• maintain the system;
• remove fat;
• evaluate the performance of the system.

The housings are divided into at least two segments, which allow you to receive wastewater, filter it and discharge clean liquid into the waste pipe. Regardless of the design solution, mechanical filtration, an intake apparatus and a liquid level indicator are used. Manual collection of accumulated contaminants is practical for a private home, where high productivity is not needed anyway.

Plastic grease traps are used when it is necessary to neutralize a small amount of wastewater, and therefore they are ideal for domestic purposes. Perfect environmental safety and ease of maintenance allow you to avoid any problems.

Molding and molding of plastics produces a wide range of different shapes. The attachment is made to the pipe itself (in a compact version). For maximum efficiency, they are well suited separately standing devices, they are easy and comfortable to use. In addition, in stand-alone devices the capacity of the dirt compartment is larger. Fiberglass products are similar to simple plastic ones in their structural diversity.

The susceptibility to all the main reagents found in everyday life and in waste water is very low for fiberglass. The special composition does not affect the lightness, but the rigidity to mechanical damage is very high. Stainless steel grease traps are considered the most durable and stable, effectively resisting chemical and physical destroyers. This technique is mainly in demand in the industrial sector because it tolerates strong heat well. Disadvantage - it is impossible to make a steel grease trap with streamlined contours or with a non-standard configuration; the fees for metal appliances are higher than for other options.

There is one more question - is it worth choosing a two-chamber or single-chamber septic tank. Not a single such device is capable of working on its own; additional cleaning in the ground is required. These are the instructions building codes and rules adopted in the Russian Federation. Septic tanks perform mechanical cleaning of sludge, ferment the sludge itself, and turn it into a mineral composition suitable for fertilizing farmland. The water will be precisely purified in the necessary way, either in one or in several chambers.

But handling sludge is a more delicate matter. In a single section, sedimentation of suspension occurs non-uniformly; closer to the entrance, this process is more intense. When the septic tank is divided into several sectors, this allows you to collect the key mass of the substance in the very first compartment. This will prevent water clogging in subsequent parts and simplify the cleaning process. Besides, environmental characteristics final flow will be the best.

The more sections there are, the more gentle the operating mode of the filter well, underground filtration fields and cleaning trenches will be.

It is almost impossible to clean soil filter systems; you will have to spend a lot of money to update them. Therefore, the increase in the complexity of the septic tank has a positive effect on the convenience and comfort of consumers. It is important to take into account that septic tank equipment with microbiological cleaning forces you to use only detergents that are safe for microorganisms. In addition, at temperatures of 4 degrees and below, microbial activity is zero, and therefore the cleaning efficiency drops sharply.

When choosing the point where the treatment plant will be installed, a number of sanitary restrictions must be taken into account.

• They should not be brought closer than 5 m to the foundations of a residential building. The gap to the foundations of non-residential buildings and their ground structures is at least 1 m.
• The distance to a well or a replacement well drilled in clay soil is at least 20 m. If the ground is composed of sandy rocks, this gap increases to 50 m.
• You can bring the septic tank closer to the road at most 5 m, and there should be at least 100 cm to any type of fence.

It is very important to prepare the place in such a way that a car with a pump can drive there. As an option, it is practiced to equip the container fecal pump. The sludge extracted from the outside can be used as vegetable and garden fertilizer. A capacity of 150-200 liters for each resident allows you to confidently use bathrooms and toilets, a washing machine, and wash dishes.

The gap from the cover to the wastewater surface should be the same as the depth of soil freezing. The entire calculated volume must be placed below this mark. The higher the temperature, the better the sewage will be processed by microbes. The geometric shape of the septic tank does not have special significance, it is not reflected in the level of operational efficiency and quality of wastewater treatment. But there is another consideration - round equipment allows you to save construction materials.

When using brick, a rounded structure will help to use 10-15% fewer blocks. Rounding allows you to better tolerate the load that occurs when the soil moves. It is advisable to make monolithic two-chamber systems in the form of a square or rectangle. Such forms make it easier to obtain formwork where concrete needs to be poured. Filled elements can be made with your own hands, and it is only slightly more expensive than simple brick elements.

When board panels are placed on both sides, the pits must be made 0.4 - 0.5 m wider than the size of the tank (including the walls). If you plan to pour the solution into the gaps between the soil and formwork, digging a pit is carried out according to the external dimensions of the septic tank. When calculating the cost of work, you need to take into account the fee for removing the extracted soil. It is quite possible to get by with planar reinforcement. But bulk reinforcing frames will be completely redundant for a septic tank; they will only complicate installation and increase its cost.

To learn how to make a septic tank at your dacha with your own hands, see below.