The cheapest house to build. What is cheaper to build houses from? Materials for building a house. Which house will be warmer

Living in your own home has many more advantages than even the most luxurious apartment. A private home is a place where you are free to do whatever you want. Here you will not be disturbed by noisy neighbors who want to make repairs early in the morning or late. Here you are not at risk of being flooded or experiencing the inconvenience that apartment residents face. Many are accustomed to believing that buying a plot, and even more so building a house on it, is fabulous money. However, with the development of modern technologies in construction, the cheapest technology for building a house has become several times more affordable. Now we will consider the main question: where to start, and most importantly, from what to build the cheapest house?

Preparatory stage

The first point that needs to be determined initially is the functionality of the house. What is it for.

If this is a country cottage for seasonal living, then only materials are needed,

if this is a full-fledged house for permanent residence, then it is completely different.

To decide what kind of house will be, you should thoroughly study the climate and weather conditions of the region where construction is planned. After all, the choice of building materials directly depends on the temperature regime during the year. A house for regular residence must be constantly heated during the cold season, which entails certain financial costs. Therefore, when choosing a material for a building, one should be guided by thermophysical properties: thermal conductivity and heat capacity, as well as shrinkage.

Each climatic region has its own temperature regime, wind speed and protection class in terms of heat-shielding properties. Therefore, when choosing a material and calculating the thickness of the walls, two main parameters must be taken into account: the coefficient of thermal resistance and thermal conductivity.

For each region, its own specially calculated indicator of the thermal resistance of the CTS is used. In order to obtain clarity on the upcoming heating costs, it is necessary to calculate the CTS of the future design. To do this, the width (δ) of the wall is divided by the coefficient of thermal conductivity (λ), which is indicated in the technical specifications of the building material R = δ / λ. The calculated value of heat transfer resistance must comply with the standard.

As an example, consider the use of cellular concrete, which has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.12 W / m * ºС. Let's take a block with a thickness of 0.3 meters and calculate: R \u003d 0.3 / 0.12 \u003d 2.5 W / m 2 * ºС. This figure is below the norm and is suitable, except for construction in the southern regions of Russia. A block 0.4 meters wide gives heat transfer resistance 0.4 / 0.12 \u003d 3.3 W / m 2 * ºС, which is slightly higher than the standard indicator and can be used in the construction of buildings in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The calculation is relevant only when laying blocks on glue.

To determine the wall thickness corresponding to the advanced generally recognized standards in terms of energy efficiency, you can use the same formula, where it will be equal to the product of the heat transfer resistance value and the thermal conductivity coefficient δ \u003d λ x R.

From this it follows that in order to obtain the standard value of resistance λ = 3.2, the thickness of the wall from a solid wood of coniferous species (pine, spruce) will be 0.18 x 3.2 = 0.576 m, from brick 0.81 x 3.2 = 2.592 m, and from concrete 2.04 x 3.2 = 6.528 m. At the same time, mineral wool insulation with a thickness of 140-150 mm complies with the standard: 0.045 x 3.2 = 0.14 m.

Therefore, when choosing a material and determining the thickness of a structure, one should take into account the resistance to heat transfer and the coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Coefficient of thermal conductivity,

specific heat

and the change in linear dimensions for each material is different.

In addition, when choosing a material for building an inexpensive house, you need to study the market for building materials that are typical for this region. Delivery of materials, as a rule, occupies a considerable share in their cost.

Now you need to decide on the size of the future home. For example, do you want to build a one-story house inexpensively or the house will have more floors. What will be the area of ​​the house in relation to the area of ​​your site?
You can calculate the area of ​​​​your plot online.

Windows of standard sizes;

Practical layout without frills;

simple roof;

Available building materials;

Flat small fireplace;

You should also take into account one important nuance, if you have a small plot, then you can choose a simple project of a two-story house. Such a solution will be much cheaper than building a one-story large house.

The cost of a future home is determined by three components, on each of which you can save:

• architectural layout is compact, maximum functionality and comfort and allows you to achieve 20% savings;
• a simple design solution should be rational and not contain any architectural frills will provide another 10% savings;
• modern materials make it possible to use the latest technologies in construction, allowing you to do the work yourself or with the involvement of a minimum amount of outside labor, which guarantees up to 40% savings in the end result.

The optimal solution for a family of 2-3 people is housing consisting of three rooms with a total area of ​​approximately 50 m 2 . A reasonable option would be a 6×9 house, which includes: two bedrooms, a living room in the form of a studio, with a kitchen, a combined bathroom and toilet, and a small entrance hall.
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Layout: maximum functionality and comfort

The main principle of space planning is to extract the maximum benefit from each square meter of space. In our case, this is the ratio of total and usable space. This house, consisting of three rooms with a total area of ​​54 m 2, will fully satisfy your needs in modern housing. Moreover, the ratio of total and usable area (52 m 2) is 96.3%.

But over time, you will want to increase its area. Such a structure is most suitable for transformation. It can be expanded in width and height.

Second option

Important! The construction of the second floor must be thought out in advance in order to lay the appropriate foundation.

Third option, first floor

Third option, second floor

The exterior of the house economy option

Exterior view of the house after expansion

The key to savings: simplicity of design

Designs should also be approached as simply as possible, without additional frills. With economical construction, there are a number of points that must be considered:

• The selected house width of 6 m will allow you to easily install floor slabs. The standard size will not require the construction of an additional load-bearing wall.
• Combining the dining kitchen and the hall into a modern living room, according to European standards, will save on the absence of walls and doors.
• A sufficient width of the walls will be 30 cm, and heat resistance can be achieved due to the thickness of the layer of heat-insulating material when facing the house. In this case, the plinth is reduced in width to 25 cm.
• It is advisable to make the walls in the house from drywall, they do not require a foundation and are easy to install.
• The roof is made gable, without unnecessary frills - this is the most cost-effective design.

Building a cheap house with your own hands is the most economical option

Approximately half of the cost of construction is payment for the performance of work. When building a cheap house, it is more expedient to do the maximum amount of work with your own hands, without involving hired workers.

Why you need to purchase only modern material. Its installation technologies are designed for a simple average person, so construction will not require professional skills from you and will provide an opportunity to save money. As a labor force, you can attract one assistant. If you do not have free time to build a house with your own hands, hire a team of two people with the appropriate qualifications, leaving control over the work.

Another option is the construction of standard projects. Here you do not need to participate in the construction, it is enough to take the finished house into operation, be sure to draw up an act of acceptance of the work performed, specifying the warranty obligations of the developer.
This 6×9 house is a great version of a two-story transformation.

Reviews and disputes: which cheap house is better?

To explain which of the cheap houses is better, we invite you to read the comments we have collected from various forums:

Alexander V.

I want to talk about building a cheap house. And I will touch not only the monetary side of the issue, but also the labor-intensive one. We buy modern materials, preferably in a construction hypermarket, where prices are much cheaper. We discard ideas about buildings from improvised materials (clay, straw, savage stone) as untenable. In the 21st century, we can talk about how walls made of clay and a foundation made of rubble. We are talking about modern housing, not Grandpa Pumpkin's house. We will not even consider the environmental friendliness of building materials. At the time of the developed world wide web, you can find the most controversial opinions about any material.
Hired builders will not be considered either. This multiplies the estimate at least twice initially. We carry out construction on our own, everyone can do it. The issue is the duration of the process.
And so the foundation. When building a house, you can not do without it. The most expedient and cost-effective - strip foundation on piles. The job is not difficult. Every 2m we drill piles, the length depends on the soil, and pour the grillage.
Nevertheless, the cheapest construction will be a frame house, insulated with mineral wool or polystyrene foam. Building a house of brick or sides on cement mortar will increase the cost of the estimate, take a lot of time, as a result we get a cold building that requires insulation.

Bogdan S.

I was going to build a house 6 × 9. For the past two months, I have been doing a personal project and drawing up a construction estimate. I read smart books, I participate in forums on all topics of interest, I watch videos. Now I read it and understand that everything is as you said: the foundation is piled, the house is frame, the roof is slate. Finishing inside: drywall, OSB boards and wallpaper. Of course plus heating and lighting. One thing I can say is that I do not invest in 10 thousand conditional raccoons. A bit more.

Sergei Zh.

I developed a project for a house of 50 m2 for my friend. Nothing special budget option, but house for year-round use. The foundation is solid. Wooden frame house insulated with mineral wool. Outside vapor barrier film, inside hardboard. The roof is slate. Pretty warm building, suitable for winter use. Appearance is not very good. Just covered with vapor barrier. Subsequently, you can sew up the siding. But the budget is the most modest. A friend spent only 4 thousand USD. True, he built it himself, he didn’t even want to hear about any hired brigade.

Looking at my house, I am more and more convinced that it is hardly possible to build anything cheaper than a frame house. I insulated the walls, rollers, the roof with mineral wool 15 cm thick. In addition, I built an attic floor. My roof is the simplest gable, covered with zerolin. Outside finished with siding, and inside the OSB and pasted wallpaper. It cost me a pleasure of $ 9,500.

The frame is the cheapest and warmest, but this does not mean that it is free. Everything is relative. My friends built a house from Sibit. They were happy until winter came. They froze through the winter, and now they are deciding how to insulate themselves and what it will be like.

Of course, the main costs are building materials, which we will talk about in more detail.

Modern building materials - the cheapest way to build a house

There is a lot of competition in the building materials market today. Therefore, by making a small detour of the main points of purchase, building materials such as a hypermarket, a bazaar or a warehouse, it will not be difficult to find the most reasonable price. But different material differs significantly in price.

The author of the article does not pursue the goal of promoting this or that building material, since the site does not sell them. The main thing is that a person who has a limited budget for construction can become the owner of a good and solid house.

Before reading the various options for houses, pay attention to Compared with other houses, it is characterized by cheap construction.

Cheap brick house?

1. Brick.

As many people know, brick is one of the most durable, but at the same time heavy materials. Based on this, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

1. high strength and durability;
2. excellent sound insulation;
3. availability;
4. environmental friendliness.

disadvantages:

1. large mass - laying a solid foundation will be required;
2. insufficient energy saving;
3. poorly processed;
4. long construction process.

Modern brick allows you to build any size and design of the house.

Cheap steel structure house

1. Steel strong constructions.

Today it is one of the most durable and affordable building materials, which allows you to build reliable structures, houses, etc. in the shortest possible time.

Advantages:

1. affordable cost;
2. quick and easy installation;
3. versatility - you can build any structure;
4. using modern finishing materials, you can create a unique exterior.

disadvantages:

1. low strength;
2. poor and thermal insulation sound insulation without the presence of additional insulating materials.

Steel durable structures are becoming more and more popular today in the construction of private houses.

Cheap wooden house - is it true

1. Log or timber

A modern stylish log house looks amazing, and high environmental friendliness, durability and thermal insulation distinguish this building material from others.

Advantages:

1. high strength;
2. environmental friendliness;
3. excellent sound insulation;
4. quick and easy installation;
5. high thermal insulation;
6. easy to process;
7. relatively small weight;
8. amazing appearance.

disadvantages:

1. price;
2. the need for additional pest control;
3. fire hazard without special impregnations;
4. low water resistance.

A modern house made of logs or timber is stylish, practical and comfortable.

Favorite: cheap foam concrete house

1. Foam concrete is the most profitable material for building a house.

A lightweight building material that outperforms others in its characteristics.

Advantages:

1. quick and easy installation;
2. high load capacity and low weight;
3. over time, high strength;
4. excellent sound and heat insulation;
5. light weight;
6. acceptable cost;
7. easy to process;
8. environmental friendliness.

Disadvantages:

1. the first few years after manufacture has a low strength;
2. the porous structure of foam concrete will require additional finishing work;
3. hot in the summer.

Foam concrete is the cheapest way to build a house.

We looked at some of the most affordable building materials that can be used to build an inexpensive home. Today they are also widely used: twin blocks, monolith, ceramic stone, etc.

For example, the cost of a one-story frame house with two rooms, a kitchen, a living room and a bathroom will cost 600-700 thousand rubles. Thus, the cheapest frame houses can be built for relatively little money.

We also recommend you:

This article is for those who want to significantly save on the cost of building a house. We will tell you how to choose the right project for an inexpensive house for permanent residence, what you can save the family budget on, and what you absolutely cannot save on.

Find out what determines the price of a cheap house, and what materials are best suited for the idea of ​​building your dream home.

Desire to build a budget house

Such a desire drives land owners to save on many things. On the one hand, it is understandable, because the idea is not a joke and requires a significant investment of money.

Warming is carried out using a thick layer of high-quality insulation 100 - 300 mm. In cold regions with very frosty winters, it makes sense to lay load-bearing walls from gas blocks, gas silicate, foam concrete with a density of 600 - 1200 kg / m³, since these materials retain heat quite well.

This will make it possible to insulate the walls with a smaller layer of insulation, but the thickness of the walls needs to be increased.

In climatic zones with mild and short winters, cheap houses can be built from foam concrete or aerated concrete with walls in one layer. Log houses or log houses cannot provide good heat retention in the room.

Therefore, such houses need to be insulated, and this, in turn, “kills” at the root the whole idea of ​​the environmental friendliness of wooden housing, and there can be no talk of any “breathing walls”.

It is most profitable to build such houses as summer cottages, for seasonal use. But, those who are ready to pay for heating in a double or even triple volume can also afford a wooden house as a permanent residence.

What can not be saved when building a budget house?

Important! Capitalization of the house depends on the thickness of the load-bearing walls. The higher it is, the more reliable the design.

Surely the future owners of private houses wondered, for how long to build a house? So that it will be enough for their lifetime or will the grandchildren still get it?

There is a general service life of the building, and there is - before major repairs. Based on this, the house with a longer service life will cost more.

For capital buildings, materials with a long service life are selected, and they are correspondingly more expensive. Also, building materials with a high level of frost resistance are considered expensive.

The use of wood also increases the cost of construction.

The correct choice of material for building a house affects not only its strength and durability, but also the cost of the work. Today's construction market provides a huge range of various materials that are ideal not only for prefabricated buildings, but also for solid structures.

First you need to decide for what purposes the future building is intended. If the house is intended for permanent residence, then the main qualities when choosing a building material should be durability, strength, resistance to moisture, as well as high-quality heat and noise insulation.

All of the above advantages are possessed by houses made of foam concrete, brick, frame and wood.

Pros and cons of building a country house from a bar

The building, during the construction of which timber was used, will be reliable and beautiful. The material made from logs cut down in the winter is great for construction, as such a beam shrinks much faster. There are certain advantages and disadvantages that can affect the choice of this material.

Wooden house from glued laminated timber

For example, the pluses include the shallower depth of the foundation required when building a house. In addition, lumber walls have a lower thermal conductivity compared to brick walls, so you don’t have to think about external or internal wall decoration. An important point - the house can be built at any time, even in winter, even in summer.

Despite the large number of advantages, the beam has a number of disadvantages. This material is subject to decay, so it is short-lived, like any other wood material. Also, after the construction of housing, drying must be carried out for some time. In addition, the fire safety of the material is also not at the highest level.

For the manufacture of profiled timber, coniferous trees are used. The outer side may be flat, it may look like a log, and the inner side most often has a flat surface and is processed by planing. The remaining two sides are equipped with special spikes and grooves, which improves docking with each other. The grooves are stuffed with jute insulation.

Profiled timber is a high-tech material that allows you to build a house in the shortest possible time.

Profiled timber

Glued laminated timber does not have significant shortcomings and defects, because it undergoes special processing during production. The material is protected by a special impregnation of flame retardant and antiseptic, which gives the wood a high level of resistance to decay and fire resistance. , can serve you faithfully for several decades.

Glued laminated timber

In addition, they are built quite quickly, which provides comfortable conditions not only for construction, but also for further living. Currently, many different companies are able to help with the construction of houses from a bar, however, if desired, you can do the construction of a house from a bar yourself, since there are no particular difficulties in this matter.

A wooden house is always very cozy and does not require extra interior decoration.

Here you can watch a video discussing the issues of building a house, but keep in mind that it was recorded at the Forest Fair, and, of course, the author promotes the topic of building wooden houses. But at the same time, there are some very helpful tips in the video.

Read also

Pitfalls of houses with a pitched roof

Foam concrete houses: pros and cons

The choice of building material, to a greater extent, is determined by such qualities as ease of installation, environmental friendliness, heat and sound insulation. Foam concrete has all of the above qualities, so it is gaining more and more popularity among builders. To date, mass housing developments are carried out using this material.

Private country house made of foam concrete

An important quality for many consumers is that this material has a high level of environmental safety. For the manufacture of foam concrete, only natural materials are used, such as cement, water, sand. Of course, the addition of dyes with plasticizers is also possible, but their amount is usually very small. Walls made of this material perfectly pass air, which provides a favorable microclimate in the room.

Foam concrete house wall

Foam concrete has a fairly low price in relation to other materials. In addition, it is very light, which undoubtedly affects the installation speed. You can build a house in two to three months. In addition, building a house from foam concrete does not require the construction of a powerful foundation.

One of the main qualities of foam concrete is the presence of good heat and noise insulation, which leads to a reduction in the cost of heat energy and insulating materials. This material is completely fireproof and easily resists high temperatures. In addition, the interior walls can be finished using almost any material.

But, like any building material, foam concrete has its drawbacks. One of them is insufficient strength, so the blocks may be damaged during transportation and construction. There is a possibility that cracks may appear on the walls after the building box is installed, appearing during shrinkage or under the influence of temperature differences. In order to avoid adverse consequences, you need to invest in high-quality reinforcement of the structure.

Reinforced construction

After it has been erected, do not immediately strive to finish the interior walls, it is better to wait for a while. The reason is that there is a possibility of carbonization shrinkage, which can occur as a result of the formation of chalk inside the material. Such changes can occur due to a chemical reaction between cement and carbon dioxide penetrating into it.

Pros and cons of brick houses

Brick houses are among the most popular in the construction industry because they are durable, strong and comfortable. If such a house is built competently and thoroughly, then it can easily stand for more than 100 years, delighting residents with a cozy layout and warmth of its walls.

Beautiful brick country house

Brick is the most suitable material for outdoor finishing work. Brick cladding will require less funds than a full-fledged arrangement of a building made of the same material. Such cladding both decorates the structure and protects it from the harmful effects of the environment. The best option when building a reliable and warm house is a combination of foam concrete with brick.

Brick is ideal for building a house because it is completely natural.

Construction of a brick house

A brick house will not burn down. Of course, the fire will destroy everything that was inside, but the frame of the house will remain standing, which contributes to the beginning of a new life.

If necessary, you can build on, add additional rooms. A house that has only one floor can become a comfortable cottage or a house with several floors.

Brick walls can support roller shutters or an additional attic. You can also line the walls with wood, wild stone or decorative bricks.

Who does not dream of their own cozy house outside the city. Many people move from desires to actions, and begin to plan construction. What's stopping others from doing it? First of all, the high cost of building a house scares. After all, I want to build a capital building that will serve without problems for many years, and will still remain for my grandchildren.

Capital construction is also required by the peculiarities of the climate in our country. And if we also take into account the cost of the land plot, the supply of all communications, then our hands simply give up. But there is a way out!

You can build a house cheaply. At the same time, it will look very presentable and modern. In reality, it is enough to spend no more than half a million rubles to get a spacious turnkey house.

It is only necessary to take into account what factors affect the cost of construction:

1. House layout. You can save up to 20 percent on a project.
2. The choice of house design and materials. The right choice of materials will cut costs by up to 40 percent.
3. House building work. Some jobs can be easily done on your own. That will also allow you to save a lot on the services of specialists.

The choice in favor of modern materials allows you to reduce construction costs because they are easier to work with. Many manipulations can be done by hand. In addition, they have high quality characteristics.

Construction time can also be reduced by using the latest developments in building materials. As a result, the construction will take up to 3 months.

Material for the walls of the house - what to build a residential building from?

There are a number of building materials that meet the requirements for the quality of the building and can satisfy almost any customer request.

The most commonly used materials for the construction of private houses are as follows:

• Profiled and sawn timber;
• Rounded log;
• gas silicate blocks;
• Brick.

First of all, you need to decide how the house will be operated:

1. Seasonal operation. Such buildings are designed for living in them in the summer season. A frame house made of a thin beam or a rounded log with a small diameter is enough.
2. permanent residence. These houses must be heated in winter, the walls can withstand temperatures down to -30 degrees. Walls should be made of logs or stone.

Basic building materials and their cost

A house made of wood is preferred by people for whom the environmental component is important. Wood, as a natural material, allows you to relax, promotes good rest. It maintains a comfortable atmosphere in the house at any time of the year.

1. Choosing a stone house is more practical. The main reasons for this choice are:

• Low operating costs;
• Small heat losses;
• Long service life.

2. You can stay at a combined house when two types of materials are used. It combines the practicality of stone and the comfort of wood. As a rule, the first floor is built of stone, and the second is made of wood.

3. The cost of building a wooden house can be reduced by choosing a lighter foundation. In addition, there is an opportunity in a log house not to carry out interior decoration, which will also reduce costs. This is despite the fact that this material is quite expensive.

The cost of erecting wooden houses depends on the choice of wall material, on the planned use, the size of the building and varies from 300,000 to 1,000,000 rubles.

4. The cost of houses made of warm ceramics is very high.. These are complex structures with large walls - up to 50 centimeters. This material has very high quality characteristics, but it is possible to build a house from warm ceramics only in the warm season.

5. A monolithic house in fixed formwork will cost less. Construction time is short, a heavy foundation is not needed for it, wall materials are inexpensive, but with good thermal conductivity.

6. Styrofoam monolithic walls are durable and reliable, resistant to destruction. But they require expensive interior and exterior decoration. You can build a monolithic private house of the middle price category.

7. A house made of gas silicate blocks has good frost resistance, vapor permeability, and lasts a long time. The cost of the material is low, but the work is expensive. It requires the construction of a complex foundation. In addition, work can only be carried out during warm weather.

How to choose wall material: brick house?

It should be noted that the cost of building a brick house compared to wooden buildings. In addition, it makes no sense to build such a house for temporary residence. This is due to the fact that it needs to be constantly heated.

The cost of building a brick house increases due to the fact that a capital foundation is needed. The right choice of brick cottage design should be made so that it looks appropriate and aesthetically pleasing.

The brick house has a number of attractive features.

1. Durability and strength of the building. This is a great option for a country house in which permanent residence is planned.
2. High fire resistance. At the same time, reliable communications and engineering networks should be created, as well as properly operated.
3. Extensive range of architectural solutions. It is possible to build a house in any style, from avant-garde to classic Gothic.
4. Many options for both interior and exterior finishes. By the way, the exterior finish can not be done at all.

Foam block walls: pros and cons

According to consumer reviews, there are much more positive characteristics of houses made of foam blocks.

The advantages of this material include the following:

• The blocks are pretty light., maximum weight - up to 25 kilograms. The construction will be easy, which allows you not to make an expensive foundation.
• Installation is simple. You can make it yourself very quickly.
• Environmental friendliness. Impurities in foam blocks are contained in minimal quantities. Thermal insulation indicators are high.

The disadvantages of foam blocks include:

• Unattractive appearance. The house does not look very beautiful, but you can choose different types of finishes to ennoble it.
• Blocks are fragile may be damaged in transit.
• During the period of shrinkage of the house, cracks may appear in the walls.. It depends on the quality of production.
• The service life of a foam block house reaches 80 years with proper operation. This may seem like a short time to some.

Everyone chooses the material himself. In order to make a choice, you can ask around friends who have houses made of materials of interest. There is an opportunity to read the reviews on the construction forums.

Are claydite concrete walls used in private construction

Expanded clay is a durable material that holds heat better than its counterparts. For example, cinder-block walls will need to be made thicker.

The purpose of this article is to help potential developers figure out which modern building materials are attractive not only in terms of their price, but also in terms of the expediency of their use in the construction of private houses.

The growth of individual construction has led to the appearance on the market of various materials, including those that no one had heard of before. The range of building materials is so large that even specialists are often lost, not knowing what is better to choose.

As a rule, individual developers are guided by the following indicators: the price of materials (including facing); the ability to perform all operations with your own hands to the maximum; the total weight of the structure, since the type of foundation and the cost of its installation largely depend on this; the cost of finishing work; durability; the frequency of current (major) repairs and operating costs (mainly for heating).

Firstly, comprehensive information on each sample is a topic for a separate review. Secondly, ideal materials do not exist. Each material has its pros and cons, which will be discussed. Thirdly, many of the shortcomings of materials are very relative, since the manifestation of their defects is mainly caused not by product quality, but by the builder's excessive self-confidence, elementary violations of the technology of construction and installation works and the technical illiteracy of builders on issues of thermal and waterproofing, thermal expansion of building materials , their compatibility, etc., etc.

What kind of house do you need? Need to decide

There are three main types of houses built by private developers.

to the first type refers to a residential building for permanent residence those who live in the countryside, but their labor activity is connected with the city and for those who want to run their household on their own land.

These are, as a rule, capital buildings with a full range of additional premises, such as a boiler room, workshop, sauna, garage. Such houses are designed for year-round use, so their walls must have thermal insulation properties in accordance with the climate of the region.

The engineering equipment of houses for permanent residence should provide maximum communal amenities, surpassing a city apartment in terms of comfort.

to the second type rank as a "second home" or the so-called cottage, serving for temporary residence in the suburban area. Buildings of this type usually take into account the possibility of year-round living, so their walls are treated with the same attention as in houses for permanent residence.

to the third type houses include dachas and garden houses - houses for seasonal living or short-term visits, where you can come to spend the weekend in the warm season. Most often, such houses are operated at temperatures not lower than -5 degrees, so the wall thickness rarely exceeds 25 cm (in one brick), and engineering support is reduced to installing a stove, an outdoor toilet and a well, usually for several houses.

All of these well-known wall designs have their pros and cons. Therefore, the developer needs to have at least a little idea not only about the total cost of building a house from this material, but also about the advantages of the material for which he makes his choice in favor of this wall design, and what disadvantages he will therefore be forced to put up with in further during the operation of the house.

Before starting the construction of a cottage, it should be remembered that the box of the house - the foundation, walls and roof - sometimes takes more than 60% of the cost of the house. And in these costs, about 50% are enclosing structures or walls.

If you decide to build your own house, the first thing you will need to figure out is the amount of materials you will need to build it. The process of counting all the necessary things is quite capacious, tedious and time-consuming, but it is essential for a stable and successful construction. So let's start with the calculations.

• Decide on the size and volume of the house. Determine the exact footage you need for housing, distribute all the premises, rooms in this footage and select their arrangement.
• Use the services of a specialist. You can study specialized forums or sites that provide statistics on how much each type of building material is needed for a certain size of a building or room.
• If you could not find the necessary information on the network, go to the store and consult with the seller. Ask him which of the available materials suits you best, which materials have the highest quality ratings, and how much of a particular product you need to fill the entire footage.
• Make the final choice between traditional and modern building materials. You evaluate not only the means, but also the manufacturability of construction and the duration of operation. Modern technologies make it possible to obtain material with higher indicators of "survivability", and at the same time at a very reasonable price. The assembly process can be much easier and the end result look neater and cleaner.
• Review your notes before you go to the store. Make adjustments, calculate the quantity and price of all goods. Remember to order building materials with at least a five percent surplus for emergencies.

The strategic issue is the type of walls. To begin with, we will consider three options for wall structures that are widely used in private housing construction.

good old tree

The traditional material for Russian housing construction is wood. About 33% of our houses were built from it.

People who are wondering what it is better to build a private house from, this material often comes to mind. After all, a wooden house is health and comfort. Its walls not only “breathe”, but also make the air healing, retaining harmful substances. Wooden walls create optimal humidity in the room and smell pleasant.

The walls of the house made of wood have good thermal insulation and keep warm in winter and cool in summer. The heating costs of a wooden house can be significantly lower compared to brick walls.

A wooden house can be built from logs (rounded or profiled) and / or from timber (plain or glued).

Hand-cut log house

This method is the oldest, it was used by our grandfathers and great-grandfathers. It's a hand-crafted cut. The tree trunk is cut to the desired length, and then locks and grooves are made on it. Next, the logs are connected, laying out the outline of the house. You definitely need to wait for shrinkage - this is about a year, no less. Then they caulk the cracks and sheathe the boxes of windows and doors.

Today, this method of building a wooden house is not used. Everyone can build a house from round logs. Such a structure is assembled, like a designer, we will talk about this later.

It is easier and faster to build a house from a bar

Neat smooth logs are processed under production conditions and marked. Ready-made parts are delivered to the construction site from which the walls are assembled. The beam can have different sizes and sections (rectangular, square, in the form of the letter D). If it is profiled, then it has protrusions and grooves for connection. An oblique cut helps drain excess water. You can build a house from this material with your own hands.

There are several types of timber for building a house.

Beam sawn made of logs with a moisture content of 50 to 70%. As soon as he is cut out, he immediately goes to the construction site. Because of this, the house is subject to shrinkage (up to 10 cm). And sometimes there are cracks on the walls.

Beam planed dried under production conditions. Humidity of the finished product - from 20 to 25%. After drying on a special machine, the products are planed. As a result, the shrinkage of the house, although it exists, is very small.

Glued timber made of several layers of lamellas (special boards dried to 6 or 10% humidity). They are glued together under pressure, while the fibers of adjacent layers are arranged perpendicular to each other. Finished products are up to 12 m long and 7.5 to 30 cm thick. They do not shrink, deform or crack. Therefore, many believe that glued laminated timber is the best material for the walls of a wooden house.

The positive aspects of wooden houses are obvious - these are environmental friendliness, frost resistance, speed of construction, seismic and wind resistance. In addition, wood does not need additional cladding, which promises good budget savings.

There are also disadvantages, but they are relatively few. Firstly, wood is a capricious material. For example, wooden houses often shrink. Shrinkage at home is a natural process of changing the volume of walls due to the drying of the material from which they are made. The maximum shrinkage is about 10% and is observed in houses from freshly cut logs. Such a building needs to stand without finishing for at least 8 months, and usually a year.

In the process of shrinkage, the house may crack, which are coated with special compounds. Minimum shrinkage is observed in houses made of glued laminated timber and ordinary dried timber. Such materials are almost immediately ready for finishing. However, it will take a lot of money to insulate a house from a bar.

Another disadvantage of wood is flammability, a fire can destroy such a structure in a matter of minutes. Therefore, wooden houses are impregnated with special compounds that increase their fire resistance.

Special compounds are also needed to protect against decay and insects. Impregnation is a necessary measure, and the special equipment themselves are not always environmentally friendly. In addition, a wooden house requires constant care, especially if it is intended for seasonal living, it must be heated, as damp wood begins to rot.

In general, the durability of wooden houses built by specialists, in compliance with all technological nuances, ranges from 70 to 100 years.

Briefly - the advantages of wood materials

This is one of the most environmentally friendly materials. Building a wooden house is not as expensive as a brick one. In terms of thermal conductivity, wood is significantly superior to brick. A wooden house is usually very beautiful. Often it does not require finishing either inside or outside. The foundation is required light and inexpensive. For example, columnar. A wooden house, especially a hand-cut one, serves for a very long time.

Briefly - the disadvantages of wood materials:

The tree burns, can rot and be "eaten" by the fungus. To prevent this, all parts must be treated with special preparations. Shrinkage of a log house can go from 3 to 5 years. Planed timber and log cabins can crack.

Brick - he is a brick

Brick is one of the most popular materials on the market. More than 50% of houses in Russia are built of brick

Ceramic brick and silicate brick. What is the difference?

Two types of bricks are used in construction: silicate (white) and ceramic (red) bricks.

ceramic brick has a red color. Such material is not afraid of frost and does not pass water. It can be full-bodied (no more than 13% of voids) and hollow (up to 49% of voids). The shape of the holes in the brick can be round, square, oval, horizontally or vertically. With an increase in their number, thermal insulation properties improve.

For the construction of external fences, construction teams prefer ceramic bricks. Seven grades of ceramic bricks are produced: from M75 to M300. The higher the numbers, the stronger the brick. You should also pay attention to frost resistance, denoted by the letter F. The lowest quality is F15, the highest is F75.

silicate brick consists of a mixture of quartz sand, water and air lime. It is strong enough, resistant to frost, has good sound insulation. The silicate brick is white. Its main components are lime, sand and a small proportion of additives.

This type of brick is also produced both solid and with cavities inside. The latter is lighter, and the walls made of it are much warmer (air is an excellent heat insulator). But a solid silicate brick may interest the developer in a variety of colors. For the strength of a brick, it does not matter whether it is full-bodied or with cavities inside.

Ordinary and front brick and their purpose.

Both types of bricks are used for different purposes. Ordinary brick is also called building brick - it is used for interior masonry walls. For him, small cracks are not considered marriage. It does not matter if the corners or ribs are slightly beaten off and there are notches in the corners.

The front (facing) brick must have an impeccable appearance, not have notches and flaws.

On the strength of bricks and resistance to frost

Strength determines the brand of brick. There is a special marking for this indicator: the letter M and a number nearby (from 75 to 300). This number is the load that this brand can withstand per square centimeter. The higher this number, the heavier the brick. For the walls of a two-story or three-story house, the M100 and M125 brands are suitable. The plinth or foundation is laid with bricks M150 or M175.

When choosing which brick to build a house from, frost resistance should also be taken into account (the ability to freeze and thaw without being damaged). The letter F was chosen to denote this indicator, next to which there is a number from 15 to 100. It means the number of freeze and thaw cycles without damaging the material. In warmer areas, F15 is sufficient for external walls, where it is colder - F25. The cladding is usually made with F50 brand bricks.

The main advantages of brick are strength, fire resistance, a wide variety and choice on the market, as well as an acceptable price. A small brick house can sometimes cost less than a wooden cottage. Brick keeps the temperature well and in this sense, it is ideal for houses where year-round living is planned. But at the same time, in terms of heat transfer, brick is seriously inferior to wood.

Brick also has a lot of drawbacks. To build a brick house, sometimes one and a half times more time must be spent than to build a wooden house. Brick is a heavy material, which complicates its logistics and storage. A brick building needs a strong and powerful foundation, and these are additional costs.

A brick house can stand for 100 - 150 years. He will perfectly survive the rains with hurricanes and hail, and severe frosts, and withering heat. Brick walls have been laid since ancient times, so the technology for their construction has been worked out to the smallest detail. But a good master is not easy to find.

Briefly - the advantages of brick: Attractive look. Durability. The ability to bring to life any complex project. Resistant to corrosion, mold and mildew. Fire resistance. Noise protection. Good heat retention.

Briefly - the disadvantages of bricks: Big weight. High demands on professionalism in laying. The need for a solid foundation. The need for a heat insulator

Inexpensive frame house

And from what cheaper build a house? For some, the answer to this question is the most important. In this case, take a closer look at the wireframe technology. In addition to the cheapness of such a home, the speed of assembly is also impressive. Just a few weeks - and you can move into a house that will be warm and comfortable.

The basis of such buildings is a frame made of wood or metal. It includes rafters, racks, trusses and other elements. Then a heater is placed, and on top all this is sheathed with dense sheets of chipboard or OSB. The wall of such a house weighs 15 times less than a brick one.

There is not much expensive wood for the frame - 5 or 10 times less than for a log house. Insulation is the main item of expenditure. However, he, even the best, gives the cost of the wall 1.5 times cheaper than from timber, and compared to brick - 2.7 times.

Frame houses can be of two types:

Frame-panel house- assembled from ready-made shields. First they connect them, then they make partitions between the rooms. The final stage is the construction of the roof.

Frame house- made on the basis of the "frame" - a frame of beams and logs, based on the foundation. Next, they put the rafters and make the crate. After the roof is made, the frame is sheathed with insulation (mineral wool or PPS). At the end, the outer skin is made.

Since the main material in the construction of a frame house is a heater, when making the correct calculations of the required amount, the building turns out to be warm enough, which will allow you to significantly save on heating.

Briefly - the advantages of a frame house: Extremely low price and fast installation. Good heat saving (when the heating is turned off in the cold at minus 10 ° C, the temperature will decrease by 2 ° C per day). There is no need for interior decoration, which reduces costs. Communications can be hidden inside the walls, which saves space. No special skills are required to build a frame house cheaply and quickly. With a wooden frame, the most incredible designs become possible. A real flight of fancy is possible. A small shallow foundation is enough for a frame house.

Briefly - the disadvantages of a frame house: a frame house is considered not very environmentally friendly due to the large amount of insulation. Another problem of these houses is various insects and rodents. Like all wooden houses, they are combustible, unstable to natural disasters. Another problem of frame houses is that they are stuffy, so supply and exhaust ventilation is required. A house on a frame will last less than a brick or wooden one.

Instead of a conclusion

What you need to know when choosing material for the walls of the house?

Wall materials and the production of works on the construction of enclosing structures is a third of all the costs of building a house. And if you, like the piglets Nif-Nif and Nuf-Nuf, carelessly treat this serious choice, you will inevitably incur serious expenses in the future.

Therefore, we will consider the most important criteria and factors that must be considered when choosing a material for building walls at home.

A) The question of price. Costs can be reduced by using lightweight material for the walls. Then you do not have to build a powerful and expensive foundation.

B) Thermal insulation. Cold walls will cost too much in winter. Therefore, before choosing a material, you need to make all the calculations, focusing on local climatic conditions. To achieve the desired degree of thermal insulation, you can resort to the help of heaters. If you take a material with good thermal insulation properties, then the walls can not be insulated, but it all depends on the region of development.

B) labor costs. Time and effort can be reduced by building walls from large blocks, and not from small pieces. Such walls are erected 3-4 times faster and easier. The highest speed is when erecting frame panel walls.

D) Subsequent finishing costs. Modern smooth and aesthetic materials do not require additional wall decoration - this saves money.

In order to decide what is better to build the walls of a house from, it is necessary to consider the main types of suitable building materials, determine and compare their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Comparison of different wall materials

№	materials	Advantages	disadvantages		Cost of materials and works $/M2
1	2	3	4		5
1	Brick (minimum thickness - 380 mm)	Reliability, durability, environmental friendliness.	The need for insulation, labor intensity, heavy walls, you need a powerful foundation		75
2	Keramoblock (thickness - 380 mm)	Reliability, durability, environmental friendliness, erection speed.	brittleness of the material, need a highly qualified specialist.		82
3	Rounded timber (diameter - 200 mm)	environmental friendliness, rapidity erection.	Shrinkage of walls, great dependence on the quality of the material and specialists, combustibility, decay.		44
4	Glued profiled timber (200/230 mm)	environmental friendliness, construction speed, lightweight foundation.	Flammability, decay.		111
5	Aerated concrete (thickness - 380)	construction speed, durability, reliability, environmental friendliness, thermal insulation.	A solid foundation is needed; low bending strength.		60
6	Wooden frame + sandwich panels with insulation.	construction speed, good thermal insulation, lightweight foundation	The durability of a house depends on technology and construction quality.		44

And more advice. When choosing a material for building a house, you should not approach the upcoming construction “in a big way”. A person, in fact, does not need much space for complete happiness, especially outside the city. All the savings that you achieve by reducing the cost of materials and construction technologies can be crossed out by extra floors, rooms and spaces.

We wish you success in finding and finding the only right solution!

Text: Valery Bordyuzhenko -