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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal state budget educational institution

higher vocational education

St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Faculty of Economics and Management

Department: Construction Economics

Discipline: Pricing

Course work

Pricing and estimate standardization in construction

Completed:

Velikhanova M.N.

Checked:

Baranovskaya N.I.

Saint Petersburg

2014

costs of building a house estimated

Explanatory note

1. Initial data

4. Local estimate No. 2

5. Object estimate calculation

Bibliography

Explanatory note

Estimated standardization is a system of technical, organizational and economic methods for determining the cost of time, labor and material and technical resources for construction and installation work in order to develop and justify estimate norms and standards.

The estimated norm is the total labor costs of construction workers, work time construction machines and mechanisms, building materials, products and structures installed on an accepted meter for construction, installation or other work.

An estimate standard is a set of estimate standards, rates and prices, presented in a separate collection, containing requirements for the implementation of construction and installation work, the estimated cost of construction of buildings and structures.

Estimated standards are the primary regulatory document and serve to develop unit estimated costs - unit prices. These standards are given in Part IV of SNiP “Estimated Norms and Rules” and reflect:

· data on labor costs, in man-days;

· basic wages of construction workers, in rubles;

· time standards for basic construction machines and mechanisms, in machine hours;

· costs of operating auxiliary machines and mechanisms, in rubles;

· consumption rates for materials, semi-finished products, parts and structures in physical terms, in cubic meters, pieces, tons;

· consumption of secondary materials, in rubles.

Due to the fact that Part IV of SNiP includes element-by-element costs for construction work, they are called elemental estimate standards for building structures and work (ESN).

The elemental standards provide for a certain degree of turnover of materials and parts, which are indicated in the form of a fraction. In the numerator (indicators are intended to determine estimated cost) the rate of material consumption is given, which takes into account the normal number of revolutions and the return of material obtained during dismantling after the last revolution, in the denominator (indicators are intended only to determine the amount of materials delivered to the construction site at the number of revolutions accepted in the standards) - rate of material consumption , which provides for a certain number of revolutions without taking into account the return of material. The concept of turnover has the following meaning: materials and parts that can be involved in the cost process many times are called turnover.

By doing construction work, installation of equipment and building structures, labor costs, wage workers, installers and machine time costs are determined in ESN tables based on collections of Unified Standards and Prices for Construction, Installation and Repair Work (ENiR). At the same time, the elemental estimate standards, in addition to the consumption of machine time of the main construction machines, take into account the consumption of machine time of other mechanisms ( welding machines, vibrators, etc.), translated into operating costs(in rubles). The estimated cost is the basis for determining the size of capital investments, financing construction, forming contract prices for construction products, payments for completed contract (construction and installation, repair and construction, etc.) work, payment of expenses for the acquisition of equipment and its delivery to construction sites, as well as reimbursement of other costs from the funds provided for in the consolidated estimate.

The basis for determining the estimated cost of construction may be the customer’s initial data for the development estimate documentation, pre-project and design documentation, including drawings, statements of volumes of construction and installation work, specifications and statements of equipment requirements, decisions on the organization and order of construction adopted in the construction organization project (POS), explanatory notes to design materials, and on additional work- author's supervision sheets and acts for additional work identified during the period of construction and repair work.

The course project defines the estimated cost of the object:

A local estimate has been drawn up for civil works

Estimated calculations for plumbing, electrical and low-voltage work were completed

Estimated costs for overhead costs, temporary buildings and structures, costs for performing work in winter have been determined, as well as estimated profit, a reserve for unforeseen costs, the cost of work to protect the facility and value added tax.

To determine the volume of work and resources in the local estimate, the methodology presented in Table No. 1 is used.

When determining the volume of work and material resources, the units of measurement of the corresponding unit prices and prices for materials must be taken into account.

The course work uses a (standardized) list of basic work and material resources typical for housing and civil facilities. The assignment for completing the course work specifies and specifies Constructive decisions project.

The scope of work is determined based on:

· passports project documentation for the construction of the facility;

additional information clarifying the materials and dimensions of structural elements, external conditions construction;

· changes made to the design and planning solutions of the project in accordance with modern requirements. In this case, knowledge of disciplines in architecture and building structures, foundations and foundations, technology and organization of construction production is used.

The sequence of determining the scope of work and presenting it in the bill of quantities must correspond to the technology for performing this work.

Works are grouped according to sections of the estimate.

Excavation:

· cutting of the plant layer;

· planning of the construction site;

· mechanized and manual excavation of soil with transportation by vehicles and transfer to a dump;

· backfilling of foundation cavities with a bulldozer and manually;

· soil compaction.

Foundations and foundations:

· driving reinforced concrete piles with a diesel hammer on a tractor, on a pile driver, on a caterpillar pile driver; rail pile driver; vibrating hammer;

· cutting out concrete from the reinforcement frame;

· inserting and removing steel sheet piles using a vibrating hammer;

· installation of reinforced concrete bored piles;

· arrangement of sand base for foundations;

· installation of monolithic reinforced concrete strip foundations width up to and more than 1000 mm;

· styling reinforced concrete slabs(pillows) strip foundations and concrete blocks of basement walls;

· installation of horizontal and lateral waterproofing of foundations.

Other zero cycle work:

· installation of an underlying sand layer for floors in the basement;

· installation of a concrete floor in the basement;

· installation of thermal insulation made of expanded clay in the ceiling above the basement.

Building structures:

installation of external wall panels area up to 6.0; 15.0; 25.0 m2;

· installation of internal wall panels with an area of ​​up to 6.0; 10.0; 15.0; 25.0 m2;

· arrangement of monolithic reinforced concrete walls 160mm thick: installation of reinforcement frames and meshes in large-panel, volumetric and block formworks with a weight of reinforcement elements of 50 kg and 300 kg; concreting using a bucket;

· brickwork external walls of simple, medium complexity and complex;

· masonry of walls made of bricks and stones with facing bricks with a total thickness of 640 mm;

· laying brick walls with thermal insulation 510 mm thick;

· masonry of walls made of lightweight concrete stones with lining of 1/2 bricks with a thickness of 520 mm and 720 mm.

partitions:

· installation of gypsum concrete partitions up to 6; 10; 15 m2;

· laying partitions made of bricks with a thickness of 1/4 brick and 1/2 brick, reinforced and non-reinforced, from gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs in one layer and in two layers.

Floors and covering:

· installation of floor panels with contour support with an area of ​​5 m2, 15 m2, 20 m2, 25 m2 and with support on two sides with an area of ​​5 m2 and 10 m2;

· installation of ribbed panels with an area of ​​5 m2; 10 m2; 15 m2;

· installation of monolithic reinforced concrete floors with a thickness of 160 mm: installation of reinforcement frames and meshes with a mass of elements of 50 kg and 200 kg in large-panel formwork; concreting using a bucket.

Stairs:

· installation landings weighing up to or more than 1 ton, marches with welding weighing up to 1 ton and without welding weighing more than 1 ton;

Plumbing cabins, elevator shafts, ventilation units, balconies and loggias:

· and pallets;

· installation of elevator shafts weighing up to or more than 2.5 tons;

· installation of ventilation units weighing up to 1 t, up to and more than 2.5 t;

· installation of loggia slabs with an area of ​​5 m2 and 10 m2 in block, panel and brick buildings;

· installation of slabs of balconies and canopies in panel, block and brick buildings;

· installation of dividing walls with an area of ​​5.0 m 2 ;

· installation of cement and asphalt concrete screeds;

· priming the base of the roofing carpet with a bitumen composition with the preparation of a ready-made bitumen emulsion;

· installation of a gasket vapor barrier in one layer;

· insulation of coatings with slabs of mineral wool or perlite on bitumen mastic in one or more layers, with slabs of light (cellular) concrete or dry fiberboard, expanded clay and shungizite;

· installation of a roof made of four layers of roofing felt (from other rolled materials) on bitumen mastic with protective layer from gravel over bitumen mastic;

· installation of a roof made of wavy asbestos cement sheets medium profile with device wooden sheathing;

· sealing joints between roofing sheets;

· installation of a roof made of grooved cement-sand, polymer (sand and filled), ceramic and concrete tiles;

· installation of a roof made of galvanized steel sheet 0.5 mm thick with wall gutters and without wall gutters;

· installation of linings on facades with the production of elements with drainpipes and without drainpipes.

Filling openings:

· installation of window blocks with an area of ​​up to 2 m2 with paired and separate sashes, glazing;

· installation of balcony blocks with an area of ​​up to 3 m2 with paired and separate door leaves and glazing;

· filling doorways area up to 3 m2 in stone and wooden walls, in partitions.

· installation of screeds with cement mortar with varying thickness;

· installation of waterproofing from roll materials on bitumen mastic in one or more layers and a coating thickness of 2 mm or more;

· installation of floor coverings from ceramic tiles of one color and with dye;

· installation of floors from parquet boards, from piece parquet, from parquet panels.

Finishing work:

· plastering walls on stone and concrete with cement- lime mortar: simple, improved and high quality;

· continuous leveling of concrete ceiling surfaces with lime mortar;

· coloring water-based compositions for plastering and prefabricated structures: simple, improved and high quality;

· adhesive painting of walls on plaster: simple, improved and high quality;

· wall cladding on brick and concrete with ceramic tiles on cement mortar;

· pasting walls on plaster with wallpaper: simple, thick and embossed;

· coloring oil compositions woodworking door leaves simple, improved and high quality;

· painting of window frames with oil compositions on wood: simple, improved, high-quality.

In course design, the estimated cost of building a facility is determined using the base-index method, base prices for materials not taken into account in prices. Methods for determining the estimated cost of construction of objects are set out in the first section of the manual.

When preparing local estimates using the basis-index method, the following are used:

· bill of quantities: a sample is presented in Table 1.

territorial single estimated prices and resource consumption standards presented in the collections TER-2001 St. Petersburg, in the collections GESN-2001.

· average estimated prices for material resources presented in collections of average estimated prices for basic construction resources in the Russian Federation (SSC).

· consolidated estimated prices presented in the collection UR-2001 St. Petersburg;

· regional indices for converting the estimated cost of construction, special construction, repair and construction, installation, commissioning and repair and restoration work in St. Petersburg into the current (forecast) estimated cost;

1. Initial data

The project being designed is a 9-storey panel residential building with 72 apartments.

Constructive decisions:

· Structural scheme - with transverse and longitudinal load-bearing walls.

· Foundation - monolithic strip.

· External walls - panel walls 0.64 m thick.

· Internal walls are panel walls 0.38 m thick.

· Floors - prefabricated reinforced concrete flat panels of cassette production.

· Partitions - prefabricated reinforced concrete panels 0.1 m thick.

· Bathrooms - voluminous reinforced concrete sanitary cabins.

· Stairs - prefabricated reinforced concrete flights and platforms.

· Balconies and loggias - wooden with separate frames.

· Elevator shaft - reinforced concrete blocks according to series 1.189.1-9.

· Roofing - roll, 4-layer.

Roof - flat with organized internal drain;

· Floors in rooms and corridors are parquet.

· Floors in bathrooms and kitchens are ceramic tiles.

Indicators:

· building area according to plan - 972 sq. m.;

· total building area - 8748 cubic meters. m.;

· total construction volume - 28188 cubic meters. m.

2. Work volume calculation sheet

Table 1

Work quantity calculation sheet

3. Local estimate No. 1

Local estimate for civil works

Estimated cost: 176615,277 thousand rub.

Estimated salary: 9856.112 thousand rub.

table 2

4. Local estimate No. 2

Local estimate for special construction and installation work

Estimated cost: 22478.7 thousand rubles.

Salary: 3750.9 thousand rubles.

Table 4

5. Object estimate calculation

Estimated cost: 199093.9 thousand rubles.

Estimated unit cost meter: (area of ​​all apartments) 5630 m2

Table 5

6. Summary estimate of construction costs

Consolidated estimate in the amount: 350540.4

Including refundable amounts: 409.32

Table 6

Bibliography

1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content” (as amended on February 15, 2011).

2. Ardzinov V.D., Baranovskaya N.I., Kurochkin A.I. Estimating work in construction. Self-instruction manual. St. Petersburg: Petersburg Publishing House, 2012.

3. MDS 81-35.2004. Methodology for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation (as amended on March 20, 2006). Gosstroy of the Russian Federation. M, 2004.

4. MDS 81-33.2004. Guidelines on determining the amount of overhead costs in construction (as amended on March 17, 2011). Gosstroy of the Russian Federation. M, 2004.

5. MDS 81-25.2001. Guidelines for determining the amount of estimated profit in construction. Gosstroy of the Russian Federation. M, 2001.

6. Letter of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated March 17, 2011 No. 6056-IP/08 “On overhead standards and estimated profits for construction, installation, repair, construction and commissioning work” (as amended by the letter of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated June 9, 2011 No. 15127-IP /08).

7. GESN-2001. State elemental estimate standards for construction work. Introduced by Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated November 7, 2008 No. 253.

8. GSN 81-05-01-2001. Collection of estimated cost standards for the construction of temporary buildings and structures. Approved and put into effect on May 15, 2001 by Decree of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2001 No. 45.

9. GSN 81-05-02-2001. Collection of estimated standards for additional costs during construction and installation work in winter. 2nd edition, modified and expanded. Rosstroy RF. M, 2007.

10. TER-2001 St. Petersburg. Territorial unit prices for construction work. Approved and put into effect on 01/01/2002 by order of the Committee of Economics and Industrial Policy of the Administration of St. Petersburg dated 09/07/2001 No. 223.

11. UR-2001 St. Petersburg. Territorial consolidated prices for structures and types of work in housing and civil construction. St. Petersburg, 2003.

UR-2001 St. Petersburg. Additions and changes. St. Petersburg, 2004.

12. CiSN. Monthly bulletin "Pricing and estimate rationing in construction." SPb.

13. SSC. Monthly collection of average estimated prices for basic construction resources. SPb.

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The current system of pricing and estimate standardization in construction includes state estimate standards and other estimate regulations(hereinafter referred to as estimate standards) necessary to determine the estimated cost of construction.

Estimated standards are a generalized name for a set of estimated standards, rates and prices, combined into separate collections. Along with the rules and regulations containing necessary requirements, they serve as the basis for determining the estimated cost of construction.

An estimated norm is a set of resources (labor costs of construction workers, operating time of construction machines, requirements for materials, products and structures, etc.) established on the accepted meter for construction, installation or other work.

The main function of estimate standards is to determine the standard amount of resources required to carry out the corresponding type of work, as a basis for the subsequent transition to cost indicators.

Estimated standards are also used in the development of construction organization projects and work execution projects.

Estimated standards and prices provide for the work to be carried out under normal (standard) conditions, not complicated external factors. When carrying out work in special conditions - cramped conditions, gas pollution, near operating equipment, in areas with specific factors (waterlessness, high altitude, etc.) - the coefficients given in the instructions for FER-2001 (MDS 81-36.2004), FERr are applied to the estimated standards -2001 (MDS 81-38.2004), FERm (MDS 81-37.2004) and FERp (MDS 81-40.2006).

Estimated standards are developed on the basis of the principle of averaging with minimization of the costs of all resources, so it is necessary to take into account that the standards are not adjusted towards their reduction.

To determine the contract price for construction products, appropriate methodological documentation and an estimate and regulatory framework for determining the cost of construction products are required (Fig. 2.1).

Rice. 2.1.

Estimated standards are divided into the following types:

• state estimate standards (GSN);
• industry estimate standards (OSN);
• territorial estimate standards (TSN);
• individual estimate standards (ISN).

State estimate standards include estimate standards put into effect by the State Construction Committee of Russia, and after 04/01/2004 - approved by the Ministry industry and energy of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency for Construction and Housing and Communal Services, the Ministry of Regional Development, currently the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation.

State estimate standards include estimate standards included in group 8 “Documents on Economics”, subgroups 81 “Pricing and Estimates”, 82 “Materials and Resources”, 83 “ Labor resources"(GSN 81, 82, 83). They are applied throughout the Russian Federation.

Industry estimate standards include estimate documents introduced for construction carried out within the relevant industry and in certain areas for which they were developed (transport, water management, energy construction, etc.). They should not contradict or duplicate state estimate standards.

Territorial estimate standards include estimate documents introduced for construction carried out on the territory of the corresponding constituent entity of the Russian Federation and approved by the administration of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Territorial estimate standards are intended for organizations carrying out construction or major repairs on the territory of the corresponding constituent entity of the Russian Federation, regardless of their departmental subordination and sources of financing for the work performed.

Individual estimate standards and unit prices are developed in cases where the existing collections of estimate standards and prices do not contain certain types of standards for the work technologies provided for in the project and taking into account the specific conditions of the work with all complicating factors. They are approved by the customer (investor) as part of the project (detailed draft).

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State, industry, territorial and individual estimate standards form a system of estimate standards in construction (Table 2.1).

According to the degree of enlargement, all estimate standards are divided into elemental and enlarged estimate standards.

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Distinctive features

Training takes place in an interactive format. The program is attended by highly qualified experts from VNIIOENG, Gazprom Tsentrremont LLC, NPF Center for Economics and Pricing in Construction LLC, the Center for Pricing and Estimate Standardization of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, the Russian Academy of Economy and the State University under the President of the Russian Federation.

Russia's transition to market relations significantly influenced all components of economic policy, including pricing policy. The pricing policy in construction is integral part general pricing policy of the Russian Federation and is based on pricing principles common to all industries.

At the same time, the pricing mechanism in construction has the following specific features:

• * variety of construction products. Each construction project has its own characteristics, and to a certain extent, it is unique. Even objects built according to a standard design have their own characteristics, since they are tied to a specific area. From this feature it follows that every building object has its own individual price;
• * duration of the construction production cycle. This feature is manifested in the fact that in conditions of inflation the projected price may not coincide with the actual one. This same feature forces all interested participants in the investment process to take into account the time factor when setting prices for construction products;
• * high material intensity of construction products, which necessitates the need to systematically monitor prices for Construction Materials and determine how they affect the cost of construction products, and, consequently, their price;
• * the designer, customer and contractor are simultaneously involved in setting prices for construction products, each of whom pursues their own interests. Therefore, the final price for construction products is an agreed and compromise price between the interested legal entities.

The system of pricing and estimate standardization in construction that was in force before January 1, 1991 was based on fixed (constant for quite a long time) long period- from 5 to 15 years) wholesale prices, tariffs and other cost elements for industrial products used in construction. It complied with the requirements of directive planning, was focused on maintaining a stable level of estimated prices in construction in the period between their reforms and did not require clarification of estimate documentation due to current changes in price factors. Such principles for finding the estimated cost led to significant distortions of the true performance indicators of direct manufacturers of construction products. It is clear that such a pricing system is unsuitable for a market economy.

The main objectives of the market system of pricing and estimate regulation in construction are as follows:

• * formation of free (negotiable) prices for construction products;
• * providing a full set of estimate standards (elemental and enlarged) and various conditions their application with the independence of subjects investment activities;
• * determination of construction costs for different stages investment cycle.

The estimated cost of construction of enterprises, buildings, structures - enterprises, buildings, structures - the amount of funds necessary for its implementation in accordance with the design materials. The estimated cost serves as the basis for determining the size of capital investments, financing construction, for the formation of contract prices for construction products, payments for completed contract (construction, installation, repair and construction) work, payment of expenses for the purchase of equipment and its delivery to construction sites, as well as for reimbursement of other costs from the funds provided for in the consolidated estimate. Based on the estimate documentation, accounting and reporting, economic calculations and assessment of the activities of construction and installation (repair and construction) organizations and customers are also carried out. Based on the estimated cost, it is determined in in the prescribed manner book value of fixed assets put into operation for constructed enterprises, buildings and structures.

The basis for determining the estimated cost of construction are:

• * project and working documentation (DD), including drawings, statements of volumes of construction and installation work, specifications and statements for equipment, basic decisions on the organization and order of construction, on the adoption of a construction organization (CPO) in the project, as well as explanatory note to design materials;
• * current estimated standards, as well as selling prices and transportation costs for equipment, furniture and inventory;
• * individual decisions of federal and other government bodies related to the relevant construction site. The estimated cost of construction in accordance with the technological structure of capital investments and the procedure for carrying out the activities of construction and installation organizations is divided into the following elements:
• * cost of construction work;
• * cost of equipment installation work (assembly work);
• * costs of purchasing (manufacturing) equipment, furniture and inventory;
• * other costs.

The estimated cost of construction can be expressed by the formula:

Ssm = Ssmr + Sob + Spr,

where Ссмр is the estimated cost of construction and installation work, rubles;

Sob - estimated costs for equipment, inventory and furniture, rub.;

Spr - estimated other costs, rub.

To calculate the estimated cost of construction of designed enterprises, buildings, structures or their queues, estimate documentation is drawn up, consisting of local estimates, object estimates, object estimates, estimates for individual types of costs, summary estimates of construction costs, cost summaries, etc.

Estimate documentation is drawn up in the prescribed manner, regardless of the method of construction - contract or economic method. Local estimates are recognized as primary estimate documents and are compiled for certain types of work and costs for buildings and structures or for general site work based on the volumes determined during the development of the DD and working drawings. Local estimate calculations are drawn up in cases where the volume of work and the amount of costs are not finally determined and are subject to clarification on the basis of the RD or in cases where the volume of work, the nature and methods of their implementation cannot be sufficiently accurately determined during the design and are clarified during the construction process.

Object estimates combine data from local estimates and are considered estimate documents on the basis of which contract prices for objects are formed. Object estimate calculations combine in their composition as a whole data from local estimate calculations and local estimates and are subject to clarification, as a rule, on the basis of RD.

Estimates for certain types of costs are drawn up in cases where it is necessary to determine, as a rule, for the construction as a whole, the amount (limit) of funds necessary to reimburse those costs that are not taken into account by the estimate standards (for example: compensation in connection with the seizure of land for development ; expenses associated with the use of benefits and additional payments established by government decisions, etc.). Consolidated estimates of the cost of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures (or their queues) are compiled on the basis of object estimates, object estimates and estimates for individual types of costs.

To determine the estimated cost of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures (or their queues), the following documentation is compiled:

• * as part of the project - a summary of costs (if necessary), a summary estimate of the cost of construction, site and local estimates, estimates for individual types of costs;
• * included in costs working documentation(RD) - object and local estimates. Cost of work in local estimates(calculations) as part of the estimate documentation can be made at two price levels:
• * at the basic level, determined on the basis of current estimated norms and prices (1991 or 1984);
• * at the current (forecast) level, determined on the basis of prices prevailing at the time of drawing up estimates or predicted for the period of construction.

When drawing up estimates (calculations), the following methods for determining cost can be used:

• * resource;
• * base-index;
• * resource-index;
• * basic compensation;
• * based on a data bank on the cost of previously constructed or designed analogue facilities.

Resource method of determining cost - calculation in current (forecast) prices and tariffs of resources (cost elements) necessary for implementation design solution. Calculation is carried out on the basis of the need for materials, products, structures expressed in natural meters, data on distances and methods of their delivery to the construction site, energy consumption for technological purposes, operating time of construction machines and their composition, labor costs of workers. The specified resources are allocated from the design materials, various regulatory and other sources.

The base-index method for determining the cost of construction is based on the use of a system of current and forecast indices in relation to the cost determined at the base level. At various stages of the investment process, to determine the value at the current (forecast) price level, a system of current forecast indices is used, differentiated by elements of the technological structure of capital investments and by the level of consolidation of construction products.

The calculation of price indices for construction products, taking into account market changes in price indicators for material, technical, labor and other resources, is carried out in the manner specified in the letter of the Ministry of Construction of Russia No. VB-26/12-367. Bringing current (forecast) prices to the level is carried out by multiplying the base cost for the terms of the estimate and each of the elements of the technological structure of capital investments by the corresponding index for the industry (sub-industry), type of work, followed by summing up the results of the estimate document in the corresponding columns.

The resource-index method is a combination of the resource method with a system of indexes for resources used in construction. The basic compensation method is the summation of the cost of work and expenses calculated at the base level of estimated prices, and additional costs associated with changes in prices and tariffs for resources consumed in construction (material, technical, energy, labor, equipment, inventory, services, etc. .)