At what speed does the spaceship fly? Space records

From helicopters and spaceships to elementary particles- here are the 25 fastest things in the world.

25. The fastest train

The Japanese JR-Maglev train reached speeds exceeding 581 kilometers per hour using magnetic levitation.

24. The fastest roller coaster


The Formula Rossa, recently built in Dubai, allows adventurers to reach speeds of 240 kilometers per hour.

23. The fastest elevator


The elevators at Taipei Tower in Taiwan carry people up and down at speeds of 60 kilometers per hour.

22. Fastest production car


The Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4, accelerating up to 430 kilometers per hour, is the fastest car in the world approved for use on public roads.

21. The fastest non-production car


On October 15, 1997, the Thrust SSC rocket-propelled vehicle broke the sound barrier in the Nevada desert.

20. The fastest manned aircraft


The Air Force X-15 not only reaches impressive speeds (7,270 kilometers per hour), but also flies so high that several of its pilots received astronaut wings from NASA.

19. Fastest tornado


The tornado that occurred near the city of Oklahoma was the fastest in terms of wind speeds, reaching 480 kilometers per hour.

18. The fastest man


In 2009, Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt set a world record in the 100 meters, running it in 9.58 seconds.

17. Fastest woman


In 1988, American Florenc Griffith-Joyner ran the 100-meter dash in 10.49 seconds, a record that has never been broken to this day.

16. Fastest land animal


In addition to the fact that cheetahs run fast (120 kilometers per hour), they are also capable of accelerating faster than most production cars (from 0 to 100 kilometers per hour in 3 seconds).

15. The fastest fish


Some individuals of the sailfish species can accelerate to 112 kilometers per hour.

14. The fastest bird


The peregrine falcon is also the fastest animal in the world overall and can exceed speeds of 325 kilometers per hour.

13. Fastest computer


Although this record will likely have already been broken by the time you read this article, China's Milky Way-2 is the most fast computer in the world.

12. Fastest submarine


It is difficult to register records in such things, since information about submarines is usually kept secret. However, according to some estimates, the Soviet submarine K-162 reached its highest speed in 1969. The speed was about 44 knots.

11. The fastest helicopter


In July 2010, the Sikorsky X2 was installed over West Palm Beach. new record speed - 415 kilometers per hour.

10. Fastest boat


The world water speed record is officially recognized maximum speed, developed water transport. On this moment The record holder is the Spirit of Australia, which reached 511 kilometers per hour.

9. The fastest sport with rackets


In badminton, the shuttlecock can reach speeds of more than 320 kilometers per hour.

8. The fastest land transport


Military missile sleds reach speeds exceeding Mach 8 (9,800 kilometers per hour).

7. Fastest spaceship


In space, speed can only be measured relative to other objects. Taking this into account, the fastest spacecraft, moving from the Sun at a speed of 62,000 kilometers per hour, is Voyager 1.

6. Fastest eater


Joey “Jaws” Chestnut is now recognized as world champion by the International Federation of Competitive Eating after eating 66 hot dogs in 12 minutes.

5. Fastest crash test


To determine the safety rating, EuroNCAP usually conducts its crash tests at a speed of 60 kilometers per hour. However, in 2011, they decided to increase the speed to 190 kilometers per hour. Just for fun.

4. Fastest guitarist


John Taylor set a new world record by playing Flight of the Bumblebee perfectly at 600 beats per minute.

3. Fastest rapper


No Clue received the title of "fastest rapper" in the Guinness Book of Records when he spoke 723 syllables in 51.27 seconds. He pronounced about 14 syllables per second.

2. Highest speed


Technically, the fastest speed in the Universe is the speed of light. However, there are a few caveats that lead us to the first point...

1. The fastest elementary particle


Although this is a controversial statement, scientists from European center Nuclear Research recently conducted experiments in which a mu-meson neutrino traveled the distance between Geneva, Switzerland and Gran Sasso, Italy several nanoseconds faster than light. However, for now, the photon is still considered the king of speed.

To overcome the force of gravity and launch a spacecraft into Earth orbit, the rocket must fly at a speed of at least 8 kilometers per second. This is the first escape velocity. The device, which is given the first cosmic speed, after lifting off from the Earth, becomes an artificial satellite, that is, it moves around the planet in a circular orbit. If the device is given a speed less than the first cosmic speed, then it will move along a trajectory that intersects with the surface globe. In other words, it will fall to Earth.

But such a flight requires a lot of fuel. 3a jet for a couple of minutes, the engine eats up its entire railroad tank, and in order to give the rocket the necessary acceleration, a huge railroad train of fuel is required.

There are no gas stations in space, so you have to take all your fuel with you.

The fuel tanks are very large and heavy. When the tanks are empty, they become extra weight for the rocket. Scientists have come up with a way to get rid of unnecessary weight. The rocket is assembled like a construction set and consists of several levels, or stages. Each stage has its own engine and its own fuel supply.

The first step is the hardest. Here is the most powerful engine and most of all fuel. It must move the rocket from its place and give it the necessary acceleration. When the first stage's fuel is used up, it detaches from the rocket and falls to the ground, the rocket becomes lighter and does not have to waste additional fuel carrying empty tanks.

Then the engines of the second stage are turned on, which is smaller than the first, since it needs to spend less energy on ascent spacecraft. When the fuel tanks are empty, and this stage “unfastens” from the rocket. Then the third, fourth will come into play...

After the completion of the last stage, the spacecraft is in orbit. It can fly around the Earth for a very long time without wasting a drop of fuel.

With the help of such rockets, astronauts, satellites, and interplanetary automatic stations are sent into flight.

Did you know...

The first escape velocity depends on the mass of the celestial body. For Mercury, whose mass is 20 times less than that of the Earth, it is equal to 3.5 kilometers per second, and for Jupiter, whose mass is 318 times greater than the mass of the Earth - almost 42 kilometers per second!

It began in 1957, when the first satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched in the USSR. Since then, people have managed to visit, and unmanned space probes have visited all planets, with the exception of. Satellites orbiting the Earth have entered our lives. Thanks to them, millions of people have the opportunity to watch TV (see article ““). The picture shows how part of the spacecraft returns to Earth using a parachute.

Rockets

The history of space exploration begins with rockets. The first rockets were used for bombing during the Second World War. In 1957, a rocket was created that delivered Sputnik 1 into space. Most of the rocket is occupied by fuel tanks. Only the upper part of the rocket, called payload. The Ariane 4 rocket has three separate sections with fuel tanks. They are called rocket stages. Each stage pushes the rocket a certain distance, after which, when empty, it separates. As a result, only the payload remains from the rocket. The first stage carries 226 tons liquid fuel. Fuel and two boosters create the enormous mass required for takeoff. The second stage separates at an altitude of 135 km. The third stage of the rocket is its, running on liquid and nitrogen. The fuel here burns out in about 12 minutes. As a result, from the Ariane-4 rocket of the European space agency, only the payload remains.

In the 1950-1960s. The USSR and the USA competed in space exploration. The first manned spacecraft was Vostok. The Saturn V rocket took people to the moon for the first time.

Rockets 1950s-/960s:

1. "Sputnik"

2. "Vanguard"

3. Juno 1

4. "East"

5. "Mercury-Atlant"

6. Gemini Titan 2

8. "Saturn-1B"

9. Saturn 5

Cosmic speeds

To get into space, the rocket must go beyond . If its speed is insufficient, it will simply fall to the Earth due to the action of the force. The speed required to enter space is called first escape velocity. It is 40,000 km/h. In orbit, a spacecraft circles the Earth with orbital speed. The orbital speed of a ship depends on its distance from Earth. When a spaceship flies in orbit, it, in essence, simply falls, but cannot fall, since it loses altitude just as much as the earth’s surface goes down below it, rounding out.

Space probes

Probes are unmanned spacecraft sent to long distances. They visited all the planets except Pluto. The probe can fly to its destination long years. When it flies up to the desired celestial body, it goes into orbit around it and sends the obtained information to Earth. Miriner 10, the only probe to visit . "Pioneer-10" became the first space probe who left the borders solar system. It will reach the nearest star in more than a million years.

Some probes are designed to land on the surface of another planet, or they are equipped with landers that are dropped onto the planet. The lander can collect soil samples and deliver them to Earth for research. In 1966, a spacecraft, the Luna 9 probe, landed on the surface of the Moon for the first time. After planting, it opened like a flower and began filming.

Satellites

Satellite is unmanned vehicle, which is launched into orbit, usually Earth's. The satellite has specific task- for example, to monitor, transmit television images, explore mineral deposits: there are even spy satellites. The satellite moves in orbit at orbital speed. In the picture you see a photograph of the mouth of the Humber River (England), taken by Landset from low-Earth orbit. Landset can “look at areas on Earth as small as 1 sq. m.

The station is the same satellite, but designed for the work of people on board. A spacecraft with a crew and cargo can dock at the station. So far, only three long-term stations have operated in space: the American Skylab and the Russian Salyut and Mir. Skylab was launched into orbit in 1973. Three crews worked sequentially on board it. The station ceased to exist in 1979.

Orbital stations play a huge role in studying the effects of weightlessness on the human body. Future stations, such as Freedom, which the Americans are now building with the participation of specialists from Europe, Japan and Canada, will be used for very long-term experiments or for industrial production in space.

When an astronaut leaves a station or spacecraft in open space, he puts on spacesuit. Inside the spacesuit, a temperature equal to atmospheric pressure is artificially created. The inner layers of the spacesuit are cooled by liquid. Devices monitor the pressure and oxygen content inside. The glass of the helmet is very durable; it can withstand impacts from small pebbles - micrometeorites.

At what speed does a rocket fly into space?

1. abstract science - creates illusions in the viewer
2. If in low-Earth orbit, then 8 km per second.
   If outside, then 11 km per second. Like that.
3. 33000 km/h
4. Exact - at a speed of 7.9 km/seconds, when leaving, it (the rocket) will rotate around the earth, if at a speed of 11 km/seconds, then this is already a parabola, i.e. it will eat a little further, there is a possibility that it may not return
5. 3-5km/s, take into account the speed of rotation of the earth around the sun
6. The spacecraft speed record (240 thousand km/h) was set by the American-German solar probe Helios-B, launched on January 15, 1976.

   The highest speed at which man has ever traveled (39,897 km/h) was achieved by the main module of Apollo 10 at an altitude of 121.9 km from the surface of the Earth when the expedition returned on May 26, 1969. On board the spacecraft were the crew commander, US Air Force Colonel (now Brigadier General) Thomas Patten Stafford (b. Weatherford, Oklahoma, USA, September 17, 1930), Captain 3rd Class, US Navy Eugene Andrew Cernan (b. Chicago, Illinois, USA, March 14, 1934 g.) and captain 3rd rank of the US Navy (now captain 1st rank retired) John Watte Young (b. in San Francisco, California, USA, September 24, 1930).

   Of women highest speed(28115 km/h) was reached by junior lieutenant of the USSR Air Force (now lieutenant colonel engineer, pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR) Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (born March 6, 1937) on the Soviet spacecraft Vostok 6 on June 16, 1963.

7. 8 km/sec to overcome the Earth's gravity
8. in a black hole you can accelerate to sublight speed
9. Nonsense, thoughtlessly learned from school.
   8 or more precisely 7.9 km/s is the first cosmic speed - the speed of horizontal movement of a body directly above the surface of the Earth, at which the body does not fall, but remains a satellite of the Earth with a circular orbit at this very height, i.e. above the surface of the Earth ( and this does not take into account air resistance). Thus, PKS is an abstract quantity that connects the parameters of a cosmic body: radius and acceleration free fall on the surface of the body, and has no practical significance. At an altitude of 1000 km, the speed of circular orbital motion will be different.

   The rocket increases speed gradually. For example, the Soyuz launch vehicle has a speed of 1.8 km/s 117.6 s after the launch at an altitude of 47.0 km, and 3.9 km/s at 286.4 s after the flight at an altitude of 171.4 km. After about 8.8 min. after launch at an altitude of 198.8 km, the spacecraft speed is 7.8 km/s.
   And the launch of the orbital vehicle into low-Earth orbit from the upper point of flight of the launch vehicle is carried out by active maneuvering of the spacecraft itself. And its speed depends on the orbital parameters.

10. This is all nonsense. It is not the speed that plays an important role, but the thrust force of the rocket. At an altitude of 35 km, full acceleration begins to PKS (first cosmic speed) up to 450 km altitude, gradually giving a course to the direction of the Earth's rotation. In this way, the altitude and traction force are maintained while overcoming the dense atmosphere. In a nutshell - there is no need to accelerate horizontal and vertical speeds at the same time; a significant deviation in the horizontal direction occurs at 70% of the desired height.
11. on what
    a spaceship flies at altitude.

Today, space flights are not considered science fiction stories, but, unfortunately, a modern spaceship is still very different from those shown in films.

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Russian spaceships and

Spaceships of the future

Spaceship: what is it like?

On

Spaceship, how does it work?

The mass of modern spacecraft is directly related to how high they fly. The main task of manned spacecraft is safety.

The Soyuz descent module became the first space series Soviet Union. During this period, there was an arms race between the USSR and the USA. If we compare the size and approach to the issue of construction, the leadership of the USSR did everything for the speedy conquest of space. It is clear why similar devices are not built today. It is unlikely that anyone will undertake to build according to a scheme in which there is no personal space for the astronauts. Modern spaceships are equipped with crew rest rooms and a descent capsule, main task which is at the moment the landing is carried out, make it as soft as possible.

The first spaceship: history of creation

Tsiolkovsky is rightly considered the father of astronautics. Based on his teachings, Goddrad built a rocket engine.

Scientists who worked in the Soviet Union were the first to design and be able to launch artificial satellite. They were also the first to invent the possibility of launching a living creature into space. The States realize that the Union was the first to create aircraft, capable of going into space with a man. Korolev is rightly called the father of rocket science, who went down in history as the one who figured out how to overcome gravity and was able to create the first manned spacecraft. Today, even kids know in what year the first ship with a person on board was launched, but few people remember Korolev’s contribution to this process.

The crew and their safety during the flight

The main task today is the safety of the crew, because they spend a lot of time at flight altitude. When building a flying device, it is important what metal it is made from. Used in rocketry following types metals:

1. Aluminum allows you to significantly increase the size of the spacecraft, since it is lightweight.
2. Iron copes remarkably well with all loads on the ship’s hull.
3. Copper has high thermal conductivity.
4. Silver reliably binds copper and steel.
5. Tanks for liquid oxygen and hydrogen are made from titanium alloys.

A modern life support system allows you to create an atmosphere familiar to a person. Many boys see themselves flying in space, forgetting about the very large overload of the astronaut at launch.

The largest spaceship in the world

Among warships, fighters and interceptors are very popular. Modern cargo Ship has the following classification:

1. The probe is a research ship.
2. Capsule - cargo compartment for delivery or rescue operations crew.
3. The module is launched into orbit by an unmanned carrier. Modern modules are divided into 3 categories.
4. Rocket. The prototype for the creation was military developments.
5. Shuttle - reusable structures for delivering the necessary cargo.
6. Stations are the largest spaceships. Today, not only Russians are in outer space, but also French, Chinese and others.

Buran - a spaceship that went down in history

The first spacecraft to go into space was Vostok. Afterwards, the USSR Rocket Science Federation began producing Soyuz spacecraft. Much later, Clippers and Russ began to be produced. The federation has great hopes for all these manned projects.

In 1960, the Vostok spacecraft proved the possibility of manned space travel. On April 12, 1961, Vostok 1 orbited the Earth. But the question of who flew on the Vostok 1 ship for some reason causes difficulty. Maybe the fact is that we simply don’t know that Gagarin made his first flight on this ship? In the same year, the Vostok 2 spacecraft went into orbit for the first time, carrying two cosmonauts at once, one of whom went beyond the ship in space. It was progress. And already in 1965, Voskhod 2 was able to go into outer space. The story of the ship Voskhod 2 was filmed.

Vostok 3 set a new world record for the time a ship spent in space. The last ship in the series was Vostok 6.

The American Apollo series shuttle opened new horizons. After all, in 1968, Apollo 11 was the first to land on the Moon. Today there are several projects to develop spaceplanes of the future, such as Hermes and Columbus.

Salyut is a series of interorbital space stations of the Soviet Union. Salyut 7 is famous for being a wreck.

The next spacecraft whose history is of interest is Buran, by the way, I wonder where it is now. In 1988 he made his first and last flight. After repeated disassembly and transportation, Buran's route of movement was lost. The known last location of the spacecraft Buranv Sochi, work on it is mothballed. However, the storm around this project has not yet subsided, and further fate The abandoned Buran project is of interest to many. And in Moscow, an interactive museum complex has been created inside a model of the Buran spaceship at VDNKh.

Gemini is a series of ships designed by American designers. They replaced the Mercury project and were able to make a spiral in orbit.

American ships called Space Shuttle became a kind of shuttles, making more than 100 flights between objects. The second Space Shuttle was Challenger.

One cannot help but be interested in the history of the planet Nibiru, which is recognized as a supervisory ship. Nibiru has already approached the Earth at a dangerous distance twice, but both times a collision was avoided.

Dragon is a spacecraft that was supposed to fly to the planet Mars in 2018. In 2014, the federation, citing specifications and the condition of the Dragon ship, delayed the launch. Not long ago, another event occurred: the Boeing company made a statement that it had also begun development of a Mars rover.

First in history reusable ship the station wagon was supposed to be a device called Zarya. Zarya is the first development of a transport ship reusable, on which the federation had very high hopes.

A breakthrough is considered to be the ability to use nuclear installations in space. For these purposes, work has begun on a transport and energy module. In parallel, development is underway on the Prometheus project, a compact nuclear reactor for rockets and spacecraft.

China's Shenzhou 11 launched in 2016 with two astronauts expected to spend 33 days in space.

Spacecraft speed (km/h)

The minimum speed with which one can enter orbit around the Earth is considered to be 8 km/s. Today there is no need to develop the fastest ship in the world, since we are at the very beginning outer space. After all maximum height, which we were able to achieve in space, is only 500 km. The record for the fastest movement in space was set in 1969, and so far it has not been broken. On the Apollo 10 spacecraft, three astronauts, having orbited the Moon, were returning home. The capsule that was supposed to deliver them from the flight managed to reach a speed of 39.897 km/h. For comparison, let's look at how fast it flies space station. It can reach a maximum speed of 27,600 km/h.

Abandoned spaceships

Today, for spaceships that have fallen into disrepair, a cemetery has been created in the Pacific Ocean, where dozens of abandoned spaceships can find their final refuge. Spaceship disasters

Disasters happen in space, often taking lives. The most common, oddly enough, are accidents that occur due to collisions with space debris. When a collision occurs, the object's orbit shifts and causes crash and damage, often resulting in an explosion. The most famous disaster is the death of a manned American ship Challenger.

Nuclear propulsion for spacecraft 2017

Today, scientists are working on projects to create a nuclear electric motor. These developments involve the conquest of space using photonic engines. Russian scientists plan to begin testing a thermonuclear engine in the near future.

Spaceships of Russia and the USA

Rapid interest in space arose in the years Cold War between the USSR and the USA. American scientists recognized their Russian colleagues as worthy rivals. Soviet rocketry continued to develop, and after the collapse of the state, Russia became its successor. Of course, the spacecraft that Russian cosmonauts fly on are significantly different from the first ships. Moreover, today, thanks to the successful developments of American scientists, spaceships have become reusable.

Spaceships of the future

Today, projects that will allow humanity to travel longer are of increasing interest. Modern developments ships are already being prepared for interstellar expeditions.

Place from where spaceships are launched

Seeing a spacecraft launch at the launch pad with your own eyes is the dream of many. This may be due to the fact that the first launch does not always lead to the desired result. But thanks to the Internet, we can see the ship take off. Given the fact that those watching the launch of a manned spacecraft should be quite far away, we can imagine that we are on the take-off pad.

Spaceship: what is it like inside?

Today, thanks to museum exhibits, we can see with our own eyes the structure of ships such as the Soyuz. Of course, the first ships were very simple from the inside. Interior more modern options designed in calm colors. The structure of any spaceship necessarily frightens us with many levers and buttons. And this adds pride to those who were able to remember how the ship works, and, moreover, learned to control it.

What spaceships are they flying on now?

New spaceships appearance confirm that fiction has become reality. Today, no one will be surprised by the fact that spacecraft docking is a reality. And few people remember that the world’s first such docking took place back in 1967...