Maiden chamomile growing from seeds. Maiden's chamomile is an unpretentious flowering perennial that was grown in monastery gardens. Varieties of maiden chamomile

Originality and unpretentiousness are the two main criteria by which gardeners choose summer flowers for flower beds. The maiden chrysanthemum fully satisfies these requirements: the spectacular flowering of lush white inflorescences-baskets, independent of watering and planting location, makes this flower an ideal option for decorating a flowerbed, edging or mixborder.

Features of the variety

Maiden chrysanthemum (Pyrethrum) is an unpretentious perennial asteraceous plant of the Asteraceae family. IN wildlife it is found in North Africa, the Middle East and Southern Europe. In the temperate climate of central Russia, it is grown as an ornamental garden crop, cultivated as an annual.

Chrysanthemum "Matricaria"

The name "pyrethrum" comes from the Greek word "pyrethos", which means "heat": the plant was previously used as a fever medicine to reduce body temperature. There are other names:

• Matricaria is exceptional;
• Feverfew;
• Maiden's chamomile;
• Chrysanthemum maiden White stars;
• Chrysanthemum maiden snow ball;
• Chrysanthemum Snowball;
• Tanacetum.

This bushy compact plant has a highly branched stem strewn with numerous miniature inflorescences, from 1.5 to 3 cm in diameter. They resemble snowflakes in shape (semi terry varieties) or snowflakes (terry varieties) with a small creamy center. In many double forms, basket flowers are collected in apical spherical corymbose inflorescences. This is where it happened, by the way. English name the latter - chrysanthemum maiden snow ball.

This chrysanthemum is also used in floristry. Maiden chrysanthemum is resistant to cutting; in a vase with water it remains fresh for up to 2 weeks. Modest and elegant look great in mono bouquets and also go well with other flowers.

Chrysanthemum maidens is a perennial plant that delights with its beautiful chamomile blooms, regardless of the conditions. The plant is quite unpretentious, but despite this, it has not only natural rustic beauty, but also useful properties.

Description of the variety

Maiden chrysanthemum is a representative of the Asteraceae family. The plant has a herbaceous structure and is considered perennial. This variety of chrysanthemums has several names, and each is quite common: “Girl’s Chamomile”, “Matricaria exceptional”, “Tanacetum”, “Girl’s feverfew”.

Chrysanthemum Maiden

The height of this plant can reach 70 cm. The leaves have a pinnately dissected shape and attract with their pleasant fragrant aroma. The inflorescences have very small form(approximately 3 cm in diameter). Flowering is united in separate groups into peculiar umbrella-shaped shields.

The structure of the inflorescences is simple: small baskets correct form And white, complemented by a prominent yellow center. The flowering period is very long: it begins, as a rule, in June or July, and ends during the first autumn frosts.

The fruits of the plant are represented by ribbed seeds, thanks to which the propagation of the maiden chrysanthemum occurs.

As already mentioned, this variety is completely unpretentious and can grow and delight with its flowering even without proper care.

Chrysanthemum maiden is an unpretentious, profusely flowering plant.

Beneficial features

Not everyone knows that the maiden chrysanthemum has big amount useful properties. Its name comes from the fact that its action can relieve the pain that girls experience during menstruation. And in ancient times, a decoction of this miraculous plant was used as a pain reliever during childbirth.

In addition, this plant has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. But that's not all it is useful characteristics. Maiden's chamomile has been used for household needs since ancient times and to this day.

Chrysanthemum maidens amazes with its supply of useful substances that can relieve pain and relieve inflammation.

Planting methods

Maiden chrysanthemum propagates by seeds. Sowing of collected seeds is carried out from March to April in indoor or greenhouse conditions to obtain seedling material. But sowing is also often done directly into the ground. April is considered the most suitable period for this.

Flowering chrysanthemum maidens

For planting, the soil must be fertile, fairly loose, but at the same time it must contain organic fertilizers in moderation. It is also important to observe the spacing between plants when planting. The optimal distance is considered to be 20 cm.

After the first shoots appear, you can predict the initial flowering period, which ranges from 40 to 60 days.

The plant is propagated by seeds, which are planted in indoor or greenhouse conditions, or directly in open ground conditions.

Necessary conditions for cultivation

Maiden's chamomile loves light very much, but despite this, it is able to fully grow and develop in shaded conditions. The soil for the plant should be fertile, light and well permeable to moisture. In addition, it should warm up well enough.

The most suitable conditions for maiden chrysanthemum:

• Sunny plot
• Elevation
• Slightly acidic or neutral soil
• Protection from winds and drafts

The plant requires the following conditions: good lighting, suitable soil composition and protection from unpleasant winds.

Basics of proper care

Maiden chamomile requires the following care:

Watering for the plant is required only during the hottest days, in the absence of natural watering in the form of rain for a long time and during the period of the most active development of the plant.

But even in this case, you should not enter a large number of liquids. This is due to the fact that chrysanthemum is very resistant to drought.

For tall plants, a garter to specially prepared pegs is required.

It is also worth removing wilted baskets of inflorescences, as this significantly extends the flowering period of the bush.

For the full development of chamomile, it is necessary to remove weeds and wilted inflorescences, loosen the soil, and apply the required amount of fertilizer to required period and watering on particularly hot days.

While watching the video you will learn about growing chrysanthemums.

Maiden chrysanthemum is useful perennial, which does not require special care. Despite this, the plant can become a wonderful decoration for any site and flower garden, so you should definitely acquire a beautiful snow-white shrub.

garden flowers

Maiden chrysanthemum is a perennial plant that is grown as an annual. Photos of the flower resemble a pattern of snow flakes, which is why it is known as “snow globes.”

The plant can be described as follows:

• Reaches 25 cm in height.
• Large marginal flowers are collected in round inflorescences-baskets.
• The cut lush leaves have a light green or yellowish tint.
• The seeds are white or cream colored, very small. 1 g contains approximately 5,000 seeds.

Due to its exotic nature, the plant is often used in making flower arrangements. Looks good in combination with heliotrope, salvia or marigold. After cutting, they do not wither for a long time. Also used for decorative design flower beds without any additional flowers.

Chrysanthemums are sown in May, when the main frosts have already passed. The site for sowing is chosen in open sun. Flowers prefer calcareous, fertile and well-drained soil.

When planting, the seeds are deepened 3 mm into the soil. After planting, water thoroughly. Within a month you can observe the first flowering. Chrysanthemum requires constant care:

• Water the flowers as the soil dries out. In hot and dry weather, watering needs to be more frequent.
• Before flowering, the plant requires 3 feedings with complex mineral fertilizers.
• Almost the only pest of chrysanthemums is aphids. When it appears, the affected bushes are removed. Other diseases rarely appear and are treated with special plant medicines.
• To achieve the appearance of additional flower stalks, plants are pruned.
• Keep the soil loose at all times.
• Remove weeds as they appear.
• In areas with non-cold mild winters Chrysanthemum can be kept as a perennial.

Keep in mind that the plant has an extremely strong characteristic odor, so choose an area for its cultivation that is not directly adjacent to the living space.

Thus, the maiden chrysanthemum is ornamental plant, which is grown for decorating flower beds and making bouquets. There are no problems when breeding it, but certain nuances of care need to be known and performed regularly.

Among the huge variety of luxurious flowers, the perennial chrysanthemum occupies a special place. “Queen of Autumn” - this is how both sophisticated breeders and lovers of bright colors and curvaceous. Today we will talk about what varieties and varieties of perennial chrysanthemums are available, and how best to care for these colorful pets. Photos of magnificent chrysanthemums will help you enjoy the riot of colors and choose varieties.

Chrysanthemums: varieties and varieties

It is not for nothing that they say about perennial chrysanthemums that they inspire optimism in a convinced pessimist. After all, these lush and fragrant flowering plants are able to brighten not only the garden plot, but also the life of a gardener who grows beautiful plants and garden crops.

Chrysanthemums can be completely unusual and bright colors

Every time you buy a bag of an unknown variety, you are surprised by the duration of its flowering, the magnificent colors, the height of the plant, the shape and texture of the petals, as well as the degree of their terry.

Breeders divide chrysanthemums into:

• simple forms;
• large-flowered;
• terry.

There is also a gradation in color, flowering periods, flower size and decorativeness. Many subspecies of chrysanthemums are intended only for subsequent cutting and making bouquets - these are the so-called bouquet chrysanthemums. Their height can vary from 15 to 150 cm. Such a wide range allows you to decorate entire flower beds with a wide variety of crops that will bloom and delight the eye in different time– from mid-June until the first snow falls.

Chrysanthemum flowers of various shapes and sizes

As for the color of the buds, it is impossible to immediately list all the colors and shades. There is an incredible number of colors that excite the imagination: snow-white and lemon, orange and purple, crimson-red, lilac and emerald.

The historical homeland of chrysanthemums is Northern China, where residents were actively involved in the selection of this amazing and, fortunately, unpretentious garden crop. Thanks to the merits of professional breeders, today it is possible to grow luxurious varieties of perennial chrysanthemums with excellent consumer properties.

The most common and famous variety - “Early Yellow” is close in decorativeness to Japanese anemones. Today there are about 700 varieties of these garden plants.

Chrysanthemums: planting and care in open ground

Perennial chrysanthemums really do not like darkening and high humidity, therefore it is better to plant them on a small hill and sunny place. This will protect you from pulling out the shoots and changing the time and duration of flowering.

Attention! Chrysanthemums have a shallow root system, so drying out the soil is unacceptable!

For planting, it is recommended to use very loose and moisture-permeable soil with a sufficient content of nutrients. If the soil is too dense, it is recommended to mix it with peat or compost. To improve drainage qualities, you can use coarse sand and fine gravel.

Attention! Garden chrysanthemums, which are not at all labor-intensive to grow, prefer a neutral soil mixture.

For planting, choose a cloudy, or even better, rainy day. A hole up to 40 cm deep is watered abundantly and drainage is done. Then the chrysanthemum is placed and lightly sprinkled with earth.

Chrysanthemum feels great in the shade of trees

Attention! The plant should not be deeply buried, because root system grows parallel to the ground.

If they grow low-growing varieties, then you need to worry about additional support in advance.
A couple of days after planting, you can remove the growing point on the crop. After another 3 weeks, the top of the shoot is carefully broken off.

Advice! After planting the plant in the ground, shade it using non-woven material. Make sure that it does not touch the leaves of the plant.

Plant care

Growing on personal plot garden chrysanthemums, it is important to remember that watering should be moderate, otherwise the plant will rot from excess moisture. The exception, perhaps, can only be a very dry and hot period.

Attention! Lack of moisture can lead to woodiness of the plant stems and loss of its decorative effect.

The balance of moisture in the soil is very important for the crop.

You need to take special care of the crop closer to cold weather and frosts (late October). Despite the fact that chrysanthemums tolerate low temperatures well, it is better to build a frame for them with a film coating. This simple measure will allow you to admire for another month bright colors and lush flowering delicate flowers. The frame can be removed by December, and the bushes can be planted in pots and placed on the windowsill in a bright veranda, where the chrysanthemum will bloom until January.

Fertilizer and feeding of chrysanthemums

The plant is fed weekly with mullein infusion in a ratio of 1:10. Lush flowering can be achieved by adding a balanced amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the soil, and green mass can be increased using nitrogen-based fertilizing.

The more often you feed the chrysanthemum, the more magnificent and longer its flowering will be.

Attention! When applying fertilizer, it is important to ensure that the fertilizer does not get on the leaves and cause them to burn! It’s better to underfeed the plant than to burn it!

Plant propagation

Attention! It's better to reproduce late spring(in May), when the likelihood of frost is minimal. The beginning of summer is also a good time to replant the plant.

If you only got the material for planting closer to autumn, then have time to plant it before mid-September so that the first frosts do not break the spirit of the plant. Otherwise, the seedling can be transplanted into a wide, but (very important!) shallow pot, having first trimmed it low.

Chrysanthemum reproduces well by cuttings

The container with planted chrysanthemums is placed in dark place(this can be a loggia or terrace), where the temperature is kept at a constant level of 4-6 °C. All winter period it is necessary to maintain an optimal level of soil moisture.

At the end of winter, the bushes can be planted in a greenhouse or flower bed, where they should be watered as often as possible. By the end of March, when the shoots have grown a little, you can cut the cuttings and carefully plant them in a box with a mixture of soil, humus and sand, then cover tightly with a sheet of glass. A month later, when the cuttings take root, they can be planted in wider containers, and then in open ground.

Diseases and pests

Since a great variety of different microorganisms live in any soil, the plant must be treated periodically special drugs, which will reliably protect against diseases and pests, root rot. Abundant watering will protect the crop from mites and aphids, which cannot tolerate moisture. Ratibor, Aktara, Fitovermi and other preparations will save the bush chrysanthemum from snails, leaf rollers and caterpillars.

White rust

Shrub chrysanthemum: combination with other plants

A perennial garden crop goes well with fruit trees(this could be a mountain ash or a wild apple tree). Good combination produced by raspberries, sea buckthorn and barberry growing nearby. Shrub chrysanthemum looks incredibly attractive in company with decorative leafy plants - hydrangea, ivy, wild grapes, lemongrass.
The chrysanthemum looks charming and gentle surrounded by tall perennial plants: dahlia, bush aster, asparagus and other plants.

Chrysanthemums in landscape design

Shrub chrysanthemums in landscape design

Lush and bright chrysanthemums are an ideal decoration for any garden and area. With the participation of these plants you can get luxurious flower beds and mixborders, with the help of which glades and lawns are decorated. Among the bright emerald greenery, the bush chrysanthemum forms expressive spots of orange, purple, and lilac color. Almost all varieties of bush chrysanthemum are suitable for spectacular landscape design.

How to grow a chrysanthemum: video

Types of chrysanthemums: photo

Eastern wisdom advises everyone who wants to live happy life, grow

chrysanthemums

According to ancient Chinese legend the white dragon tried to encroach on the sun itself. He tore it with teeth and claws, and the sparks fell to the ground and turned into yellow flowers, which were later called chrysanthemums. They are depicted on the Japanese coat of arms, coins and seals, which does not bother Asians

cook from chrysanthemums

cakes and salads. How garden flower chrysanthemum has been known for three millennia, but interest in it is only growing.

Breeders are constantly striving to obtain as large-flowered varieties as possible, but gardeners are more attracted to small-flowered Korean chrysanthemums, as they are resistant to low temperatures, are good in open ground in combination with other colors, have high decorative qualities, bloom long and profusely almost until November. Therefore, it is not for nothing that chrysanthemum is considered the queen of autumn. In addition, it is grown in pots to decorate homes, and when cut it lasts a long time - up to 30 days, so it is ideal for bouquets.

In open ground, chrysanthemum blooms in August and pleases with its lush flowers all autumn, withstands frosts down to -7 °C. Depending on the variety, the stems reach a height of 30-80 cm and are decorated with double, semi-double and simple inflorescences of unusually varied shades.

IN northern regions In Russia it is believed that it is impossible to grow chrysanthemums in open ground, but in fact they can successfully winter with light

V middle lane Russia and even Siberia! In these areas, after cutting the stems, hemp 10-15 cm high is well spudted

Cover with leaves and insulate

spruce branches

Planting chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums do not like the slightest shading and moisture retention, so the place for them should be sunny and at least slightly elevated. This is a guarantee that the shoots will not stretch or change the time and period of flowering. However, the root system of chrysanthemums is superficial, so the soil should not be too dry.

The ideal soil for them is loose, moisture-permeable, with the optimal amount of various nutrients. If the soil in the garden is dense and infertile, before planting the cuttings, add a little peat, compost or rotted manure to the soil, but do not overuse them, otherwise the plants will become overly tall to the detriment of flowering. Add a small amount of coarse sand to the soil for drainage. The soil mixture is preferably neutral or slightly acidic.

The ideal day for planting is cloudy or rainy. In hot, sunny weather, plant cuttings in the early morning or late evening when the sun is less active. Pour plenty of water into holes 35-40 cm deep, add drainage and soil mixed with vermicompost in a ratio of 20:1. The chrysanthemum is placed and covered with earth. The roots grow parallel to the soil, so they are not buried too deep. For tall varieties additional support is required.

Immediately after planting in the ground, the first pinching is carried out - the growing point on the plant is removed. 3 weeks after planting, the upper part of the shoot with 2-3 nodes is broken off - the second pinching. The first days after planting, artificially shade the seedlings so that they do not suffer from bright sun rays. The best option Non-woven material will serve, but it is advisable that it does not come into contact with the leaves.

Chrysanthemum propagation

Since varietal characteristics are not preserved when propagated by seeds, chrysanthemums are propagated

cuttings

By dividing bushes or root shoots, which are separated from the mother bush.

In any case, it is necessary to plant and replant chrysanthemums in spring, in May, when frosts and cold snaps pass. It is also permissible at the beginning of summer - this will not affect the development of chrysanthemums.

In the next video you can see the process of propagation of chrysanthemums by dividing the bush in the spring.

If you get hold of planting material closer to autumn, then plant it in the ground

until September 15 so that the plants have time to take root well before the onset of frost. If you didn’t have time during this period, then plant the seedling in a shallow, wide pot, cutting it low. Place the container with the chrysanthemum in a dark place. warm loggia or a heated terrace, where until spring the temperature will be at 4-6 ° C - these are optimal conditions for the successful development of plants. Moisten the soil periodically throughout the winter.

From the end of February, the chrysanthemum is planted in a greenhouse and watered more often. By the end of March, the shoots will have grown, and it will be possible to start cuttings - cut the shoots no more than 10 cm.

Carefully plant the cuttings in a box filled with a mixture of earth, sand and humus in a ratio of 1:2:1, cover tightly with glass. After a month, the cuttings will take root and can be planted in wide containers. As soon as the danger of sudden cold snap has passed, it will be possible mother plant and transplant the seedlings into the ground.

Caring for chrysanthemums

The watering regime should be moderate, in which the root system will not rot from excess moisture. This is despite the fact that chrysanthemum is quite moisture-loving. The exception is the dry period (during this, water more abundantly so that the stems do not become woody and the flowers do not lose their decorative appearance) and the period before flowering. It is better to take settled or rainwater.

Once a week, “feed” the flowers with mullein infusion (1:10), and before budding -

potassium

phosphorus fertilizers

for lush flowering, sometimes

nitrogen

for increasing green mass. Stop feeding before flowering begins. When fertilizing, make sure that the fertilizer solution does not get on the leaves and cause a burn.

Water only at the roots .

For the development of young chrysanthemums, it is extremely important to ensure balanced diet in the first two months, as there is a very active growth of green mass. Burnt mullein and chicken droppings are very effective. The main rule is that it is better not to feed the plant rather than to burn it.

1. IN large capacity fill a couple of buckets of mullein or a bucket chicken droppings, add water, stir and let it sit for three days - during this time the valuable highly concentrated fertilizer will be ready.
2. Prepare a solution: add 10 liters of water to 1 liter of concentrated infusion.
3. Apply 1 liter of solution to each plant only at the root and always on moist soil.

Given that chrysanthemums tolerate cold quite well, at the end of October protect the flower bed from frost by placing a frame with plastic film on it - and you will admire the flowering of April cuttings for another month. You will remove the frame at the end of November, transplant the bushes into pots, and on the warm, bright veranda they will bloom even in January.

If you were recently given a chrysanthemum in a pot, how to preserve it until spring and plant it in the garden, you can find out from the answer to the question “How to preserve chrysanthemums until spring?” And the article The second life of a chrysanthemum from a bouquet is confirmation that a flower you like can be propagated by cuttings, even if you do not know the exact date of cutting.

Disease and pest control

For moisture-loving chrysanthemums, abundant watering, especially in the absence of rain, helps prevent damage by aphids and mites, which cannot tolerate moisture.

Many harmful microorganisms and pathogens live in the soil

diseases

Therefore, after each rain, treat the plants with drugs against diseases (for example, Quadris or Previkur). Protects from root rot

Fitosporin

It can be added to irrigation water with each feeding.

Of all the enemies of chrysanthemums (leaf rollers, snails, aphids, mites, etc.), caterpillars pose the greatest danger. Only one of them can eat several buds during the night. So keep your eyes open, review your plantings regularly and take action on time. Good drugs for insect control are Aktara, Aktellik, Ratibor, Iskra, Fitoverm, etc.

Types and varieties of chrysanthemums

The genus of chrysanthemums has more than 150 species, but in our garden we mainly grow their hybrids. The classification of chrysanthemums is quite complex. There are main garden groups of hybrid chrysanthemums:

• Korean (small-flowered, inflorescence 2-9 cm),
• Indian (large-flowered, inflorescence 10-25 cm),
• Chinese and Japanese.

According to the structure of the flower varieties are divided into the following groups:

• simple,
• semi-double,
• anemone-shaped,
• terry,
• flat,
• hemispherical,
• spherical,
• curly,
• pompoms,
• radiate.

According to the structure of the petal distinguish tubular and reed. The most popular chrysanthemums for growing in the garden are Korean ones; they are unpretentious, beautiful, and bloom for a long time. Large-flowered species are usually grown for cutting and bouquets. I will list several popular small-flowered varieties for your garden.

Korean chrysanthemum Alyonushka

Bright pink non-double inflorescences 5-6 cm in diameter. Bush up to 50 cm tall. Blooms in September.

Chrysanthemum Korean Barkhan

Orange-yellow small flowers, diameter 5 cm. Bush height 60 cm.

Chrysanthemum Korean Snowball

The inflorescences are double, small, 56 cm in diameter, white with slightly pink tips. Bush up to 60 cm high.

Chrysanthemum Korean Mishal

Small-flowered double chrysanthemum, inflorescences 4-4.5 cm, pom-pom, lush, bright yellow. Blooms from September. Bush up to 40 cm high.

Chrysanthemum Korean Terracotta

The flowers are double, 5-6 cm in diameter, orange in color. Bush 50-60 cm tall.

Chrysanthemum bush Saba

A very original color of chrysanthemum with a yellow-green center and reddish-purple sharp petals with a white border. The diameter of the flower is 5 cm, the height of the bush is 60-70 cm.

You can get acquainted with the recently fashionable variety series of large- and small-flowered chrysanthemums by reading the publication

"Families" of chrysanthemums

Read more about chrysanthemums on our website:

• Chrysanthemum - a flower of longevity and transience of life
• The story of the Japanese love for chrysanthemums
• Legends about chrysanthemums
• Chinese chrysanthemums - the charm of antiquity
• Chrysanthemums of Nikitsky botanical garden(Very beautiful pictures and descriptions of varieties)
• 8 queens of the chrysanthemum balls of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden
• 17 personalized chrysanthemums for the autumn ball
• Old chrysanthemums in new optics

What chrysanthemums grow in your garden?

Pyrethrum – “Persian chamomile”, a plant known to many gardeners. Even a novice amateur can plant it in the garden; it is unpretentious and requires minimal care, and it blooms for a long time and beautifully. To date, about a hundred varieties have been bred, among which you can find both modest white daisies and spectacular red flowers.

Description

Each variety of pyrethrum has its own distinctive features. But there are also common features inherent in the entire species.

Most members of the family are herbaceous perennials that densely fill a flowerbed or plot of land, forming flower bushes. The height of the stem can be quite high - from 30 centimeters to one meter. The stem is strong, erect, ascending, branched or drooping, from light green to dark green. At the base it is strewn with leaves, which are long and wide at the root, and small and narrow closer to the inflorescence. On the stem, the leaves are arranged in a regular order.

The shape of the leaf is complex, pinnately dissected, that is, it consists of a different number of narrow segments. There is a binary, ternary and multiple section.

The inflorescences themselves can be small, like field chamomile(3-5 cm in diameter), and quite large (from 5 to 8 cm). Separately, it is worth highlighting large-flowered varieties, where the diameter of the circle formed by the leaves can exceed 8 centimeters.

The flower cores are convex, flat or with a small depression in the center, dense, and have a bright yellow, light yellow or yellow-green color.

Inflorescences can resemble chrysanthemums, gerberas and asters in their splendor. The tongue-shaped petals vary in color, from white to deep red. The tip of the tongue is round or sharp, length from several millimeters to several centimeters, depending on the variety. The variety also determines the flowering time of pyrethrums - the period from late spring to late summer.

Varieties

Despite the huge number of varieties of daisies, only a little over 50 species are common in the CIS, of which about a dozen are popular in the Russian climate. These include the most resistant to coolness, precipitation and lack of sunlight.

Pyrethrum vulgare

This is a Mediterranean or Caucasian distant relative of the familiar field chamomile. In appearance, it is very similar to chamomile: white-silver or milky-white petals, a yellow core, a straight stem with pinnately dissected leaves. But the flowers are much larger. Tall stems up to 60cm form lush bushes that decorate front gardens and flower beds, and are suitable for cutting.

At proper care Once cut, flowers can last up to several weeks. To do this, you need to change the water every few days and renew the clogged cut on the stem. The cut should be oblique so that it does not fit tightly to the bottom and walls of the container with water, and the flower can “drink.”

Pyrethrum “grabs” better on plot of land, if you first plant it in closed ground at the beginning of spring.

At temperatures from 15 to 24 degrees, the first shoots will appear within two weeks, then they need to be allowed to get stronger, and only then planted in open ground.

In the first year the plant does not bloom. In open ground it will only produce foliage no higher than 20-30 centimeters. After wintering, in the second year, flowers will appear, and on different varieties at different times. Pyrethrum vulgaris will bloom in May-June, and with good feeding it can please the gardener again in July-August.

Pyrethrum bushes can grow quite luxuriantly. Sometimes the stems cannot withstand the weight of the inflorescences and bend to the ground, so it is better to tie up rapidly growing greenery.

Pyrethrum maidens or chamomile

It got its name for its delicate, neat appearance and medicinal properties in the treatment of female diseases.

This is one of the most beautiful and unusual varieties of pyrethrum. The bushes are quite low - up to 50 cm, erect, with branches in the upper part and dense foliage, strewn with small heads of flowers. The inflorescences are lush, surrounded by one or two rows of short petals along the edge of a lush core, similar to a pompom chrysanthemum. Their diameter is very small - 2-3 centimeters.

The core does not have the usual appearance and color. It resembles a ball of tubular petals cut in half, pressed tightly against each other.

Due to his original look pyrethrum looks beautiful as part of bouquets with larger flowers, in lush bouquets with chrysanthemums, and on its own. In a flowerbed in the garden it will delight the eye for 4-5 weeks in mid-summer, and in a vase it will last up to 3 weeks.

A distinctive feature of girlish chamomile is the delicate delicate aroma of the inflorescences.

Pyrethrum Dalmatian or Dalmatian chamomile

The name “ash-leaved pyrethrum” is also found. This is a plant that is often confused with common chamomile due to its similar appearance.

Unlike the usual appearance of a “fortune-telling” flower, the Dalmatian chamomile has a brighter and larger core and shortened leaves in two rows. The inflorescence basket is located at the top of the ribbed stems. The stems and leaves are bright green or gray-green, as if dusty. The lower edge is covered with a thick layer of ash-green hairs; the leaves themselves are segmented, like all members of the family.

Dalmatian chamomile is unpretentious and can be sown in early spring immediately into fertilized soil. In the first two years, foliage and stems sprout, then the perennial begins to bloom.

Dalmatian feverfew has a specific odor that often irritates the mucous membranes and causes sneezing.

Caucasian chamomile

Also known as "Caucasian pyrethrum" and "pink chamomile". Actually it's two different types, but the identity of their properties and botanical characters makes them difficult to distinguish from each other.

Both plants are perennials with branched rhizomes, from which a few straight stems grow. Along the entire length of the stems there are sparse, alternate, deeply dissected leaves. At the top there are large baskets of inflorescences, consisting of bright reed petals and yellow tubular ones.

The color of the petals can be changeable in different years. Plants bloom for 2-3 years from June to July.

Feverfew balsamic or calufer

Popularly known as tansy. Grown not for beauty, but because medicinal properties. In appearance it resembles the cores of daisies without petals. The bushes of the plant are tall, branched, abundantly dotted with dark green leaves.

Robinson

Pyrethrums of this variety are giants. They are distinguished by their large height - about 70-80cm, bright scarlet color of the basket, straight stem with a small number of leaves. They bloom in large bright baskets of rich color. All this makes the Robinson Giant Red flowers similar to gerberas.

Large pyrethrums are planted in flower beds, flowerbeds and ridges, and cut to be added to bouquets. You can admire this beauty from mid-June to the end of July.

Pyrethrum is beautiful

Plant up to 50cm high. Few erect stems with a small number of leaves are crowned with a fairly large chamomile-shaped flower with a yellow-green core and one row of white reed flowers. The shape is needle-shaped or with a slight linear bend.

Color spectrum

Pyrethrums are distinguished by a rich range of shades in which the flowers are painted.

White, ash-leaved, soft lilac, pink, and burgundy chamomile are found in garden plots and flower beds. Like the dahlia, it is possible to have a mixture of different colors on one flower, and the pigment changes with each new flowering. These are not drastic changes, White flower will not bloom red, but the color can change from less saturated to more saturated and vice versa.

Properties

In addition to its beautiful appearance, the plant has a number of useful properties in different areas.

In medicine

First of all, the plant is valued for medicinal qualities. However, there are not only recipes traditional medicine, but also medications produced in laboratories. From different parts from this chamomile you get:

• Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs. In their effects, tinctures and decoctions from the leaves are similar to the effect of aspirin.” They can be used both internally for colds and inflammatory processes to reduce high fever and disinfect the body, and externally. When used externally, the medicine acts as an antiseptic on wounds and damaged skin.
• Antimigraine. Pyrethrum is the strongest medicine for migraines. Its action is based on the presence in the pulp of the leaves of a substance that blocks the cause of a painful attack - parthenolide. It eliminates not the symptoms, but the problem itself that causes migraines. Parthenolide stops the production of serotonin, the excess of which in brain cells is the source of pain attacks.

The effects of pyrethrum are comparable only to expensive medications, which, unlike the plant, have a number of side effects.

• Hypertensive. In combination with other components, it regulates blood pressure, preventing the development of hypertension.
• Anti-allergenic. Pyrethrum accelerates the treatment of various rashes, dermatitis, psoriasis and allergic reactions. It is effective in the form of ready-made tablets and decoctions from the leaves of the plant.
• Medicines for women's diseases. It is not without reason that among the varieties of chamomile one can find “pyrethrum maidens.” It effectively relieves smooth muscle pain, restores a regular cycle, and is suitable for the prevention of these problems.

In cosmetology

The beauty industry has had its share of pyrethrum. This natural ingredient works great in folk recipes And in facial creams. It effectively fights problems such as inflammation, redness, uneven skin tone, early wrinkles.

The use of pyrethrum is indicated for owners problematic skin and acne-prone skin.

Also pyrethrum extract soothes overly sensitive skin and relieves irritation. This property makes it a necessary component not only in women's care products, but also in men's aftershave lotions.

However, you should be careful when using the drug as a medicine or cosmetic, as it can cause allergic reactions and irritation in the mouth.

On the farm

Insect repellents are made from dried pyrethrum inflorescences. The powder must be diluted in water and watered with the solution on the soil in the beds with vegetable crops. Also, the plant will protect the crop from pests if it is simply planted around the perimeter.

Open ground planting and care

Pyrethrums are perennial plants. They are easy to care for, survive the winter cold well, and bloom for several years in a row. But in order for a plant to delight with its beauty, it must be planted correctly.

For most varieties, preliminary cultivation of seedlings from seeds in closed ground.

This is done as follows.

• Seed selection. This stage is important, since high-quality seeds produce good seedlings, while low-quality seeds may not germinate at all.
• Planting seeds in the ground. For this you can use wooden boxes go other containers that are covered with film to create a greenhouse effect. Seeds are planted in March-April.
• Sprout care. When the first sprouts hatch, they need to be kept warm, watered, and stored in a place accessible to sunlight. In greenhouse conditions at 15-24 degrees, they will get stronger, and then they can be planted in open ground. It is not necessary to fertilize the soil; the plant will take root just like that.

If you don’t have the time or desire to bother with germinating seeds indoors, that’s okay. Pyrethrum can be planted directly into the flower bed. With this method of propagating flowers, they will retain their viability for 3-4 years.

You can plant seeds in open ground in March-April, in light soil. The place should not be damp and shady, otherwise the plant will not be thick and bright, but will stretch out in search of sunlight and fade.

Seeds should be sown in shallow holes at a distance of 2-3 centimeters. When the seedlings sprout, it is important not to overdry them and not to water them too often.

Experienced flower growers advise to use one little trick to get strong and good seeds- sow them before winter.

To do this, they need to be sown in a container with a lid (food containers with thin walls or cake boxes are suitable), dug into the garden bed and sprinkled with leaves. Over the winter they will get stronger, and in the spring, in March, they need to be dug up and placed on the windowsill for germination.

Features of care

Pyrethrum is a plant for those who have little time to care for the garden. It is enough to plant it in a sunny place or in partial shade, in soil that easily drains water, and beautiful flower bushes are provided by mid-summer.

The flower called will appeal to everyone who loves the simplicity of chamomile. This flower resembles a daisy, but has various bright, unusual colors. Pyrethrum maidens has white buds, depending on the variety it resembles either a chamomile or a chrysanthemum. Pyrethrum will decorate any garden plot and does not require complex care.

, which is why it is sometimes called the maiden chrysanthemum. The name "pyrethrum" means "heat". In ancient times, this plant served more of a medicinal role than a decorative one; it was used to relieve heat and relieve fever.

Pyrethrum is sometimes popularly called Chamomile or Chamomile.

Features of the plant:

• Feverfew is a perennial plant, but more often gardeners grow it as an annual. Perennial Pyrethrum does not live long (no more than three years) and at the same time its decorative qualities weaken every year.
• The plant takes root easily and is very unpretentious in care, so it is easier to plant it on the site every year than to fight for its flowering for 2 or 3 years in a row.
• Some varieties of Pyrethrum maidens can grow up to half a meter in height, but there are also dwarf varieties no more than 10 cm high. The average flower size in height is 30-40 cm.
• Pyrethrum maidens has beautiful white buds. At the edges they have petals like those, and in the center there is a large rosette, reminiscent of a chrysanthemum.
• The bush itself is quite dense, branched, the greenery is dense, collected in the lower part. The leaves are bright green and pinnate.

Varieties of Pyrethrum Maidenfly are varied. Among them there are double flowers, pompom flowers, yellow and white. Most often, Pyrethrum maidens has buds of a delicate white color. Particularly popular are varieties called Dubble White, Goldball with terry bright yellow flowers, Virgo with beautiful white buds in the form of large balls.

In the wild, you can find Pyrethrum in the Ciscaucasia and Transcaucasia regions. Here in the summer you can see a huge amount of Pyrethrum of all possible colors. It was from the Caucasus that the study of this plant began more than two centuries ago.

Pyrethrum is usually propagated by seeds and less often by cuttings. The seed method is simpler and has a higher survival rate. Reproduction, planting and care will not require any special effort. Some gardeners recommend planting pyrethrum and forgetting it, it will grow on its own. However, for this you need to choose the right place, plant the plant in time and take care of the soil. If the conditions of your region or the soil on the site do not allow you to not care for the plant at all, it is better not to neglect the rules of care.

Pyrethrum propagation methods:

• If you want to propagate pyrethrum this same summer to get more bushes, take young root shoots of the plant. Dig them out carefully so as not to damage the roots. This will not cause any harm to the mother plant. Plant the dug up shoots in pots or directly into the ground, but carefully cover them with film.
• To propagate Pyrethrum by seeds, you must first collect them. You need to collect the seeds in the fall, when the flowers fade. The seeds are dried and stored in a dark, dry room until spring.
• Pyrethrum reproduces seedling method. In March, the finished seeds are sown in a container with prepared, nutritious, moist soil. need to be distributed on the surface of the soil and gently sprinkled thin layer land. There is no need to try to sprinkle the seeds thickly; they will interfere with each other when pecking. After planting, the container with the seeds is taken to a bright but cool place. The temperature should be no more than 20 degrees. After this, the seeds will begin to hatch. If you see that you have planted the seeds too often, you can thin them out after the leaves appear. As soon as the seedlings grow, they are planted in separate cups. When the seedlings adapt and become stronger, they can be planted in open ground. It is better to do this in May, when it becomes warm enough.

The place for planting Pyrethrum must be chosen especially carefully. They can be grown in partial shade, but it is better to choose a well-lit place. In this case, for the first 2 weeks it is better to cover the plants from the midday sun so that the young shoots do not get burned.

Pyrethrum grown from seeds does not retain the quality of the mother plant. When planting, flowers of any color may appear. Plants grown from seeds begin to bloom 2-3 months after planting.

Caring for Pyrethrum is very simple. In order for the flower to grow and bloom well, it is enough to follow the minimum care rules:

1. Despite the fact that Pyrethrum is unpretentious and requires almost no care, you need to regularly remove weeds from the flowerbed. This is necessary not only to maintain a beautiful and well-groomed appearance, but also for better flower growth. Weeds deplete the soil and take away nutrients; it is especially important to weed the flowerbed during the period of active growth of Pyrethrum. When the flower grows, it copes with weeds on its own, suppressing their growth.
2. Pyrethrum does not need frequent watering, but if the summer turns out to be hot and dry, you need to water the plant as needed. Make sure that the soil does not dry out or crack. The plant tolerates drought well, but with a long absence of moisture, the flowers begin to become smaller and the colored buds begin to lighten. Do not abuse the durability of Pyrethrum.
3. Like any garden flower, Pyrethrum needs to be fed periodically. It needs to be applied to the soil four times per season. You can buy a ready-made complex at a gardening store. mineral fertilizer in granules. It is convenient to plant and add to the soil of flower beds.
4. If you want to grow Pyrethrum as a perennial plant, take care of. In the fall, when the plant has faded and the seeds have been collected, you need to trim off the dry stems and faded buds. To help Pyrethrum survive the winter better, cover the soil around the roots with leaves or hay. If winters are harsh in your area, cover the entire plant with spruce branches. This coating will protect the flower from freezing.
5. Pyrethrum maidens blooms for a very long time. After winter, perennial Pyrethrum begins to open its first buds in May-June. After this, the buds dry out and spoil the appearance of the flowerbed. If you carefully trim the flower and remove the buds, this will activate the growth of new ones, renew the plant and give the flowerbed a well-groomed appearance.
6. During rain, it is recommended to lightly loosen the soil near the roots. This will allow oxygen to penetrate to the roots, and a crust will not form on the surface of the soil, which retains moisture.

Diseases and pests: control and prevention

Pyrethrum maiden has good protective properties and is resistant to unfavorable conditions environment, but nevertheless sometimes the flower is affected by pests and diseases:

• . These are small green bugs that are located on the back of the leaves or on the shoots themselves. Insects secrete sweet dew, which creates favorable conditions for the development of fungal diseases. At the very beginning of the disease, the affected leaves can be removed and the plant thoroughly washed, washing away insects with water. If one of the plants is severely affected, it must be removed from the flowerbed and burned. You can spray the plant with an insecticide.
• Slugs. Slugs often like to feast on the leaves of Pyrethrum maidens. They are not difficult to spot, they are quite large pests, but they can hide. Slugs leave noticeable damage on the leaves of the plant. If there are a lot of slugs, they can destroy the plant in half a day. If you look carefully under the bushes and look under the stones, you can quickly spot them. Birds and hedgehogs fight slugs, so you can feed them to control pests.
• Gray rot. The causative agent of this disease is a fungus. The infection affects the fruits, buds, and leaves of plants. They become gray, wrinkle, and fall off. cure gray rot not easy. Often you have to destroy a plant, burn it, cultivate the land and plant the plants again the next year.
• Thrips. Thrips are insects that are often found on garden flowers. Thrips are very small, about 2 mm, and can be detected by the damage caused. The larvae are light yellow, the adults have wings. You can get rid of thrips only by removing the affected parts of the plants.
• Fusarium. An infectious disease also caused by fungi. First, the roots begin to rot, and then traces of rot appear on the stems and leaves. This is a very common disease of garden plants, so all seeds and soil are recommended for prevention. Often the death of a plant due to fusarium is inevitable, so the plant is removed, burned, and the soil is treated.

With proper care and preparation of the soil for sowing, many diseases can be avoided. The soil must be treated in advance to remove spores and larvae, and the humidity must be monitored.

More information can be found in the video:

Maiden chamomile.

How to grow feverfew.

Other names for this unpretentious plant- feverfew, matricaria exceptional, chrysanthemum maiden, tanacetum. And in the Middle Ages it was called mother herb and was grown mainly in apothecary gardens, as it was believed the best remedy helping women in labor. Later, the plant attracted the attention of flower growers and interested breeders. After all, it is not only decorative and healing, but also improves the health of the area.

Maiden chamomile can be recommended even to those gardeners who do not have the opportunity to devote a lot of time to plants. This flower is light-loving, but can also grow in partial shade. It is not picky about soils, but the most lush bushes grow in fertile garden soils.

Maiden daisy feels great in openwork shade garden trees and bushes, protecting them from harmful insects. Pyrethrum infusion - good remedy against sawflies and caterpillars.

To prepare it, you need a bucket of water and a couple of medium-sized chamomile bushes. Leaves and flowers are infused for 24 hours. Before spraying, filter, dilute with water in a 1:1 ratio and add a little soap for better adhesion of the solution to the plants.

Maiden's chamomile is drought-resistant. Does not like waterlogging, especially long-term. It is not dangerous from spring and autumn frosts. The plant can be replanted even during flowering. You just need to preserve the earthen lump.

The fastest way to propagate pyrethrum is by dividing overgrown bushes. But more often it is bred by seeds. Flowering begins 80-100 days after sowing.

Even the most common species of pyrethrum is very beautiful. The inflorescences resemble chamomile, only they are smaller. Dressy short (15-20 cm) garden variety with golden leaves.

Tall (up to 60 cm) forms are suitable for cutting. Species plants tolerate winter well and self-sow abundantly.

Varietal maiden chamomile is more thermophilic. It is advisable to cover it for the winter or grow it annually as an annual plant. The most common are two domestic varieties: Snezhny Shar and Zolotoy Shar.

Chamomile calendar

January March. Sowing seeds for seedlings in the house. Seeds can be sown in dark winter months, if you provide the seedlings with additional lighting. Early sowing allows you to decorate your house with flowering bushes during the May holidays. Shoots appear in 7-11 days.

April. Sowing seeds for seedlings in greenhouses.

May June. Transplanting. The height of the bushes should be at least 25-30 cm. For the first two weeks, the seedlings need light shade. Sowing seeds in open ground for late flowering. Weeding self-seeding, transplanting.

July. Mass flowering. Transfer flowering bushes(if necessary) to new places. Fertilizing on poor soils. Watering in dry weather. Removing faded inflorescences. Sowing seeds for flowering in June next year.

August. Trimming faded inflorescences. Formation of bushes. Collection of seeds. Some “garden orderly” bushes are hung on trees in the garden.

September. Flowering continues, adult plants are not harmed by frosts down to -4.

October. Trimming the above-ground part. Insulation by mulching the soil and spruce branches of varietal chamomile.

Good luck and stay healthy!