The role of innovative technologies in furniture fashion. New furniture technologies New technologies in the production of children's furniture

Today there is a huge variety of types of furniture products. Furniture varies:

• by purpose: household - for the living room, bedroom, children's and teenage rooms, for offices, kitchens, hallways, dining rooms, for relaxation (upholstered); hotel; ship; for trains; for aircraft; For public buildings; office; gardening;
• according to the materials from which it is made, and according to the manufacturing methods: solid wood, panel materials, metal, plastic, glass; bent glued, wicker;
• by design: cabinet, built-in, lattice;
• by style, type finishing materials etc.

This list does not claim to be an accurate classification of furniture products and does not cover the entire variety, which is constantly being updated with proposals from furniture developers appearing on the market. After all, manufacturers strive not only to satisfy the expressed requirements of customers, but also to fulfill the hidden wishes of consumers. Therefore, not all offers of new types of furniture take root in the market - if innovations do not meet the expectations of buyers, then they will not pay for an unnecessary item.

The oldest furniture was created during the construction of a home and was immovable (today it would be called built-in). The modern understanding of furniture is associated with the ability to move products around the room when arranging a home. Which, of course, does not exclude options for built-in cabinets, tables, shelves, etc.

A variety of tools have long been used to work with wood: axes, adzes, saws, chisels, lathes, staples, drills, chisels, wood carving tools. Sawmilling was discovered in Rus' in the 17th century. The log and ridge were split into three parts using wedges and a thick middle board and two slabs were obtained. These boards were hewn to required thickness. Spikes were used to connect furniture parts different designs, dowels, dowels and various adhesives. Panel furniture elements were made by connecting the bars together with transverse bars in the shape of a wedge.

In the same century, furniture decor and carvings on furniture products appeared.

Fastening fittings began to be used by furniture makers only in the 20th century.

On turn of XIX-XX For centuries, production was individual in nature. After all, even when producing a batch of identical products, the principle of interchangeability, mandatory in mass production, was not applied. Required quality assembly was achieved by adjusting and finalizing parts. During this period, the first specialized machines for carpentry and furniture production were invented. Many of them essentially retained the design: circular saw with carriage, jointer, band saw and etc.

The appearance of wood panels (a glued structure made of bars with outer layers of plywood) significantly increased the productivity of furniture factories and workshops and the quality of panel parts. The technology of veneering was widely used: gluing the faces and edges of parts made from cheap types of wood, and wood slabs with veneer of more valuable types.

The transition of furniture production to industrial basis contributed to:

• use of metal fastening fittings;
• the emergence of equipment that allows reducing the share of manual labor;
• use of plywood and wood slabs in structures;
• borrowing from mechanical engineering the principle of interchangeability, that is, compliance with the requirements for the accuracy of manufacturing parts (in the form maximum deviations sizes), allowing you to assemble furniture without preliminary adjustment.

Furniture technologies received the most significant development in the second half of the 20th century. Both the pace and direction of this development were greatly influenced by the emergence of new and improvement of materials used for furniture products.

You can have different attitudes towards chipboard (chipboard) as a material for furniture designs, but its importance for the development of furniture technologies cannot be underestimated. With its advent, manufacturers were able to cut full-size slabs into blanks required sizes, without paying attention to the direction of the fibers.

The problem with drying wood was no longer so acute for manufacturers; all that remained was to ensure the drying of solid wood parts.

This is how furniture technology has changed with the advent of chipboard. Machines were created for cutting full-size slabs, and then lines that performed the entire range of cutting operations, including such an intelligent function as drawing up cutting maps. Designed by special tool for processing chipboard with carbide inserts, soldered plates: saws, cutters, drills; A whole industry has developed for the production and maintenance of wood-cutting tools. The need to increase productivity required increasing processing speed for all operations. To perform many operations, through-type machines began to be introduced. The technology for cladding the layers of panel parts made of chipboard has changed, since the slab as a basis for cladding required a different approach to preparation and modes production process. Materials for cladding appeared in the form of films based on resin-impregnated papers; the multi-span presses used gave way to single-span “short-contact” through-type presses, the use of which became possible thanks to the creation of quick-curing adhesives. Such presses were well integrated into cladding lines. Lamination lines appeared. To form holes, they began to use multi-spindle drilling and filler machines of the through-type type, which significantly increased productivity and did not require much time for reconfiguration. The finishing of the edges of the workpieces also acquired a continuous character - this was facilitated by hot melt adhesive, which hardened immediately after cooling. Pass-through machines were created in the 60s of the last century and made it possible to mechanize this labor-intensive operation and significantly increase the productivity of factories.

Enterprises built serial, even large-scale production: pass-through machines, semi-automatic, automatic processing lines, stackers, transfer devices between operations - all this increased the speed and productivity of workers, gave more possibilities to ensure high quality products, but... led to a significant narrowing of the range of products.

The next stage of serious development of furniture technology occurred during the appearance on the market of particle boards lined with films based on resin-impregnated papers. In Russia, such boards are called laminated. It became possible not to think about the operation of facing the surface and finishing with protective and decorative materials. The technology for the production of furniture panel blanks was reduced to several operations:

• I will cut already lined full-size slabs of pre-selected color and texture (with such cutting, however, the direction of the cladding pattern should be taken into account);
• veneering the edges of workpieces (in this case, the whole complex of related operations for processing the veneered edges was performed - removing overhangs and chamfering, grinding or polishing, if required by the edge material);
• drilling holes for fittings.

To an inexperienced entrepreneur, such technology will seem simple and easy. But that's not true. “Simple” technology was fraught with new problems:

• when cutting laminated boards in the usual way, the saw inevitably caused chips of the facing material, which cannot be sanded or puttied and covered with a paint layer;
• on already finished coating the workpieces were scratched during subsequent operations, and finishing, which “corrected” or hid minor problems arising during the production of parts, did not exist;
• no application procedure protective coating onto the already covered edges of the parts required special attention to removing the overhangs of the facing edge material and forming a chamfer. The fact is that the chamfer now remained without protection during operation, and its thickness decreased, because the material based on impregnated papers is much thinner than veneer.

All these problems required the workers of the furniture enterprise to take a more careful and careful attitude towards the object of processing in all operations - both technological and transport. The first solution to the problem of chipping was the introduction of milling the edges of cut workpieces - a labor-intensive and expensive operation. Then machines with scoring saws appeared, which, due to the accuracy of adjustment relative position The main and additional saws allowed us to avoid chipping and additional milling.

Since the beginning of the widespread use of laminated chipboards in furniture production More than 30 years have passed. Technologies have improved, the material itself has changed: many different patterns and textures have appeared, as well as slabs lined with films impregnated with melamine resins, which are more resistant to mechanical stress.

The further development of technology and the design of furniture products was undoubtedly influenced by the appearance of MDF boards. Their dense, homogeneous structure made it possible to veneer parts thin materials without additional preparation of the base, and the ability to absorb evenly paints and varnishes made it possible to cover surfaces with glossy enamels.

It is worth noting that the requests of furniture makers have led to changes in the production technology of particle boards: now they come from woodworkers already calibrated, polished, with special fine-structured outer layers. But back in the 70-80s of the last century, furniture factories faced the problem of calibrating chipboard blanks, as well as additional puttying of the surfaces (or using an additional layer of facing material, the so-called sublayer) of blanks before covering them with thin films.

Slab material with honeycomb filling, which is gaining more and more popularity today, will also give impetus to new developments in furniture production technologies. Although the largest manufacturers of fastening accessories are making considerable efforts to ensure that furniture makers do not have to change the attachment equipment when switching to new material. They proposed special designs for ties, hinges, etc. for slabs with honeycomb filling.

But the operation of facing the edges of such slabs required the creation of an additional supporting layer of edge material and the milling of a special groove for it. However, experts predict wide application this material is used in the furniture industry due to its undoubted advantage - low specific gravity.

Here is an example of how changes in the quality of facing materials, in particular decorative laminated paper plastic (DBSP), led to changes in furniture manufacturing technology. Back in the 1970s-1980s furniture factories DBSP was used, which lost decorative properties when heated in a hot press, so it was glued only in a cold way. Modern DBSP can not only have a glossy, matte or special bumpy surface, but are also not afraid of short-term heating, which allows veneering with these materials in the same presses where similar operations are carried out using other films or veneers.

And the ability of DBSP to “post-form” (when heated it can be bent) has made it possible to diversify the design of furniture parts such as countertops and facades. This is how it arose new operation− postforming.

It is worth noting such a widely used facing material as PVC films, which are used to cover furniture surfaces in vacuum presses. This method and this material make it possible to cover a wide variety of relief surfaces quickly and with high quality. And presses of the same group - membrane ones - make it possible to use other types of presses for relief surfaces. facing materials(veneer, various films).

On modern stage The concept of furniture production is also changing, which now seeks to satisfy the diverse desires of the consumer.

Factories, in the heat of competition, are expanding their range of products. But through-type equipment designs, which require a lot of time to reconfigure, are holding back this forward movement.

Modern machining centers of various functional orientations solve this problem. These positioning equipment CNC machines are quick to set up and have high productivity and precision. Machining centers, as a rule, are not located along the technological flow; they are formed into independent sections.

The operations performed on such equipment are complex in nature, that is, they are enlarged: with one installation of a workpiece, several simple operations. The process of developing technology and organizing furniture production has come close to manufacturing products according to individual consumer orders, but now on a high-performance automated basis. Advanced furniture companies are already working on these modern principles.

Irina BATYREVA, Associate Professor, SPbGLTA

Furniture is an integral part of everyday life. Furniture and other interior details shape our existence, create comfort and coziness, give practicality and aesthetic pleasure.

Furniture production technologies go back millennia. Many processes remained unchanged, something became a thing of the past, giving way to something new.

The greatest successes in the use of materials, the creation of new technologies and processing methods have been achieved in the last few years.

What can be called new technologies in furniture today?

New technologies of “airy” furniture

Perhaps the most unusual options home interior design can be called examples of “airy” furniture. This technology uses quite old principle, which has been successfully implemented in the production of air mattresses for several decades. The only difference is in the complexity of the designs, the intensity of their use and the scale of production.

By the way, the designs of the past had one very significant drawback, which significantly shortened their service life - they were made of PVC (even earlier - of dense rubber) and had welds. For prolonged or improper use these seams could fail quite quickly and begin to leak air. In addition, such products had restrictions on the weight of the seated person and were not repairable.

Modern models have guarantee period service life - more than ten years, they are produced using a seamless method, easy to clean and repair. Besides. You can independently regulate the level of elasticity of your furniture by adjusting the air pressure inside each element.

New technologies for using universal laminated chipboard in furniture

Perhaps the most popular material today for the manufacture of furniture structures remains laminated chipboard. The material itself is also well known to any professional and consumer.

Laminated chipboard is a cheap analogue natural wood and veneer. Thanks to various surface painting technologies, such furniture can imitate stone, wood of any species, plastic, ceramics and even metal. At the same time, the laminate layer reliably protects any product from moisture, ensuring the environmental friendliness and durability of your home environment.

New furniture technologies make it possible to widely use laminated chipboards not only for the production of economy-class furniture, but also for the assembly of sets of a higher consumer class.

Technical tricks in furniture production technologies

Unfortunately, most technical innovations, which are actively used in the manufacture of upholstered and cabinet furniture, were invented outside of Russia, but this does not prevent them from being actively used in domestic furniture production.

Among the most notable and popular new furniture technologies:

• Using a high-precision laser to firmly fix the facing edge, increase moisture resistance and significantly improve aesthetic characteristics.


• Application of nesting technology, developed about 20 years ago and based on economical cutting of large-sized fiberboard. This technology significantly saves time on preparing parts and allows you to obtain ready-made components high level accuracy.


• Design innovations that are achieved using modern technological means include a variety of types of aging surfaces. This can be textured structuring, effective brushing, patination using special compounds. For this purpose, both mechanical and chemical treatment are used. The aged surface looks especially advantageous in products that are fashionable today. stylistic direction Provence; as well as imitation of rough processing to give the interior a brutal Gothic look.

Continuing the theme of imitation antique furniture V modern production, worth paying Special attention on new furniture technologies that allow you to combine elements of different styles and trends in a single interior.

Eclecticism gained popularity due to the widespread collecting of ethnic and subcultural souvenir items.

So that the “trophies” of avid travelers look organically in common space at home, many collections use modular technologies that allow you to combine elements depending on the variety of colors of the interior background and individual accents.

New and modern technologies in furniture at exhibitions

You can see all the most advanced new furniture technologies and the results of their application at specialized furniture exhibitions regularly held at Expocentre (for example, exhibition "Furniture", which takes place in the fall every year). Here you can learn in detail not only about foreign technologies, but also about the developments of domestic manufacturers used in the manufacture of furniture for home and office.

Furniture production in last years is experiencing another boom, which is caused by the emergence of various production technologies in this industry. This allows us to implement the most unexpected projects that best meet not only the functional, but also the design requirements of customers.

All large quantity customers pay attention to the ergonomics, environmental friendliness, durability and colorful appearance of the products they fill inner space premises. Furniture is often a continuation of the design concept, and often its accent.

New interior approaches

At the peak of popularity is the eclectic style, which appeared as a result of collecting furniture from different eras and countries. In addition, symbiosis in the functional direction is popular; the traditional combination of functions has reached a fundamentally new level. One element can easily combine the functions of a bed, a sofa, a pouf and even a newspaper table. Moreover, each incarnation will be different in appearance, but not inferior in elegance of design. The ability to change sizes within one product is increasingly welcomed, which is especially important in conditions of limited space.

Many mobile elements are equipped with remote control. In this way, roll-out drawers of tables or cabinets, opening shelves, etc. are activated.

Technologies of radial and radial sliding wardrobes allow you to hide on daytime sleeping area and free up a huge amount of room space. Such solutions are already being specifically requested by buyers, especially residents of small apartments, since they allow them to actually increase the effective square footage of the premises.

Materials

The requirements for materials used in new technologies in the furniture industry are very clearly defined:

• light weight;
• strength and wear resistance;
• large range of colors;
• affordable price.

Recent trends have identified the following main directions:

• Small and even branded manufacturers willingly replace natural leather with new artificial eco-leather in their best-selling models. The reason for this is the excellent quality and performance characteristics, which are in no way inferior to leather or suede.
• Wooden elements and frames were replaced by equally strong MDF and chipboard. Their huge advantage is unlimited amount options for textures and colors. With their help, veneer, different types of stone, plastic, ceramics, metal, etc. are imitated close to natural.
• Forged elements are increasingly replacing lightweight and cheap aluminum parts.

One of the most requested materials in cabinet furniture manufacturing technology at the moment is tambourate. The merit of this furniture material lies in strength and lightness. It consists of 2 outer plates with cardboard honeycombs inside. Sheets can be either frameless or with external cladding for processing visible ends.

The appearance of furniture made from vestibule is emphatically solid and expensive; it makes it possible to implement a wide range of colors and withstand significant weight loads.

OSB

Another modern material– OSB (oriented strand board). It is made by heat pressing shavings of various types of trees using composite resins, which give OSB strength. Thanks to this, such slabs are moisture resistant, are not subject to deformation when bending, and do not evaporate toxic gases.

Therefore, furniture made from oriented strand boards is successfully used in rooms with high humidity(saunas, baths), in unheated houses (dachas or country houses), as well as in production areas. Such products are not destroyed by significant temperature changes or sub-zero temperatures.

PVC

PVC - foamed polyvinyl chloride - is made using the technology of foaming polyvinyl chloride emulsion. It is used not only for upholstery of upholstered furniture, but also for car interiors, seats of railway cars, etc.

The density of foamed polyvinyl chloride can be changed in such a way that its external properties imitate wood or leather.

Its main advantages:

• antistatic;
• moisture-repellent properties;
• easy cleaning and washability;
• color stability;
• absence of harmful fumes;
• excellent level of thermal insulation.

PVC can be used for furniture that will be used in a wide range of temperatures, since it can withstand changes from -50 °C to +70 °C.

Fillers

Upholstered furniture has also been influenced by progress and has undergone significant changes. First of all, innovations affected fillers.

Air

One of the most used fillers for mattresses and poufs is air. Not a single material can compete with it in terms of cheapness and lightness, which makes it a favorite in this area.

To successfully use air fillers, the structures themselves, which previously had welded seams, had to be improved. Such seams on thick rubber or PVC quickly came apart even with careful and careful use. The load affected especially quickly when used by people with large weights. If you consider that such structures were practically not repaired, then you can understand how unjustified their acquisition was.

At the moment, seamless technology has been mastered, which has eliminated all previous shortcomings. Models produced on modern market, have a warranty period of at least 10 years.

Another useful property– the ability to adjust the internal pressure, which allows you to change the rigidity of the product and adjust it in such a way as to fit individual requirements every customer.

Sintepooh

Filler in the form of light siliconized fiber made from artificial raw materials is very popular. There are several reasons for this:

• it springs perfectly and restores its original shape after deformation;
• does not interfere with air circulation;
• has low thermal conductivity;
• not afraid of getting wet;
• lightweight and non-toxic.

At the moment it is actively used for filling decorative pillows, backrests and armrests.

Technical processing methods

The list of technologies for manufacturing and processing furniture elements is currently quite extensive and significantly expands the capabilities of manufacturers.

Laser processing

A high-precision laser performs edge banding of furniture ends. This processing technology increases the density of edge attachment, moisture resistance and improves the appearance of furniture.

Edge banding machines are expensive equipment, which does not allow their use in small industries. Laser processing increases the cost of products, so it is most often used by manufacturers producing products in a high price category.

Nesting

This technology allows rational and economical cutting of slabs using machining centers. Nesting makes it possible to install a part into the machine once and perform all specified operations on it, eliminating the need for moving, loading, storing, etc. Processing is carried out by powerful milling with a diameter of up to 16 mm.

Nesting significantly reduces the production time of parts, which allows you to produce more high-quality products and increase production capacity.

Aging of surfaces

Technical innovations make it possible to bring to life current design developments in vintage, country, Provence or ethnic styles. Several methods are used for this:

• patination using chemical compounds;
• brushing;
• texture structuring;
• rough grinding on machines;
• bleaching.

From progress, which provides a lot of opportunities, both manufacturers benefit, for whom the process of making furniture is simplified, and consumers, who have the opportunity to purchase higher-quality and durable products that aesthetically and functionally meet all their wishes.

In the article you will find a description of the production process and a list of materials used.

Furniture is an integral part of the design of any room, from residential square meters, ending with prestigious office centers. As practice shows, furniture from domestic manufacturer is in extraordinary demand among all segments of the population. In this article we will talk about the stages of production of furniture sets and their components.

Production starts with selection required material. As you know, the main part of the furniture is wood in different forms. In some cases, this may be carved work from a single piece of wood. As a result of this art, we get a solid bedside table with inserted drawers. But this happens very rarely, and the main focus of manufacturers is on prefabricated structures.

A fundamental part of furniture production is dissolving wood and pressing sawdust. As a result of such work, we obtain MDF, chipboard and fiberboard. And this, as you know, is the main part of any furniture set. For example, http://mmversal.ru/catalog/spalni/ are made exclusively from chipboard and MDF. Of course, furniture production is not limited to the use of wood, so metal and plastic elements and inserts are often found.

Also an important component is the fittings. This concept includes: various kinds fastenings, hinges, handles, storage hooks and guides for drawers. The overall level of furniture depends on the quality of such elements, so special attention is paid to their production. Usually, furniture fittings is manufactured together with furniture, that is, at one factory, but there are exceptions when additional elements are ordered at another factory.

Pay attention to how http://mmversal.ru/catalog/gostinie/ is produced. Newest Technical equipment and modern technologies make it possible to achieve high quality furniture. This makes it possible to guarantee the durability and utmost reliability of such products. If you come across a guarantee for the products offered in a furniture showroom, you can purchase it without any doubt.

Let's sum it up

Most manufacturers try to save on materials and technologies in order to offer the minimum price for their goods and thereby increase sales. Remember low price– this is an indicator of low quality! Accordingly, such furniture will quickly fail. There is no need to skimp on your comfort. It is better to spend a reasonable amount once and be confident in the quality and durability of the purchased products.

City attractions for music lovers

Swings, as independent elements in the city, have proven their worth to everyone using the example of Triumphal Square. Canadian architects began to develop this theme further, turning double swing V musical instrument. For Toronto's Festival Square, Lateral Office and CS Design installed 30 interactive structures that light up and play coordinating musical sounds. The intensity of radiation and sound depends on the angle and height of the swing, as well as the speed of movement.

The example is also interesting for its frost resistance. The design was originally developed and tested for winter conditions. Even when completely covered with ice and snow, the polycarbonate case continues to make sounds and glow. Judging by the photographs, the installation is a success even during snowstorms. More details various examples We examined interactive installations in the material.

MAFs as a lighting accent in an urban environment

Continuing the theme of swings, we can recall the Swing Time installation in Boston. Bureau Howeler + Yoon Architecture installed 20 ring swings, glowing from within, on the lawn in front of the exhibition center different shades. The structures are assembled from welded polypropylene and equipped with accelerometers and LEDs that change color depending on the position of the swing. When at rest, the object gives off a soft white glow, and when in motion, the color gradually changes to bright purple.

Designer Daan Roosegaarde, known for his work against urban smog, came up with the Marbles installation for the Dutch city of Almere. Six blocks of cast impenetrable shape with built-in motion sensors change color and make sounds when approaching them. The project uses LED lamps that consume only 15 watts. Although, judging by the latest news, such luminous “city stones” will soon be able to be created without the use of electricity. In Mexico, work is actively underway to bring it to market.

Ultralight concrete furniture

When it comes to concrete, what comes to mind is massive blocks, like Rosegaarde’s. Actually, the Bellitalia company gained recognition due to its classic collection of flower girls from architectural concrete. But this does not prevent the company from developing other directions and experimenting with modern materials.

Together with the architectural bureau C+S (interview with the heads of the bureau in the 14th issue of speech: magazine) and the Department of Materials Science at the University of Marche, Bellitalia studied in practice the limiting capabilities of concrete. The result was New episode“Ultra-light concrete”, based on our own formula of high-strength concrete UHPC (Ultra High Performance Concrete). Unlike regular composition, this mixture is extremely flexible and can be poured into much more flexible shapes due to its ability to fill gaps more tightly.

Compared to traditional concrete, this formula increases strength by 7-10 times, which allows you to create structures that are as thin as possible for this material. At the same time, UHPC is absolutely impermeable to gases and water. Humidity, salt and aggressive gases practically do not penetrate its capillaries. Therefore, the Bellitalia collection will work equally well both outdoors and indoors. The furniture remains durable, and due to its dynamic shape and large cantilever extensions, it looks especially effective in an urban environment, destroying the usual stereotypes.

Mass printing of concrete furniture

Norman Foster's office, as the largest in Britain, invests time and money in innovative developments in several areas at once. We were convinced of this when we were looking at studios. The Briton is creating the infrastructure of the future, working on real prototypes of housing on Mars and developing the potential of 3D printing concrete in architecture.

Foster + Partners with Swedish company Skanska is finishing work on a commercial robot that prints concrete. Their technology significantly reduces time costs, allowing you to create both bearing structures, and small architectural forms. According to the manufacturers, the robot can create any curved surfaces that cannot be achieved with current standard production methods.

On a smaller scale, specifically for the production of urban furniture, 3D printing is used by the American experimental studio Rael San Fratello Architects. Architects have created the world's first bench printed from polymer concrete. Complex shape was modeled on a computer and then divided into 250 parts. Each part was printed separately on an industrial printer, fastened together on the inside.

Architectural furniture made from mushrooms

Since the late 1990s, New York's MoMA PS1 in Queens has invited young bureaus to build installations that address issues environment. For example, the Office for Political Innovation created a water purification project the size of a residential building last year. We are interested in the pavilion, built a year earlier by The Living studio - a pavilion based on bricks made from local mushrooms that grow on agricultural waste from corn stalks.

American architects have teamed up with Ecovative, the winner of the prestigious Buckminster Fuller Challenge technology award and also the first environmental company to be included in the Forbes rating in the category “The Most bright stars businesses under 30 years old." The authors experiment with natural materials that do not harm the environment.

For the MoMA PS1 project, a pavilion was created from standardized bricks along with accompanying furniture. All work on the production and molding of bricks was carried out directly on the construction site. Moreover, according to the authors, such bricks are 15% stronger than traditional silicate bricks. The company has already received a package of investments worth $14 million, so we should expect new developments in this area.