The homeland of indoor orchids, the main secrets of caring for them. Description of the orchid and where is its homeland Homeland of the black orchid
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Temperature for Phalaenopsis Orchid
Temperature
One of the reasons why the phalaenopsis orchid is considered an orchid for beginners is that its temperature regime corresponds well to the temperature in our apartments throughout the year. You will only need a minimum of effort and a little attention.
The Phalaenopsis orchid does not have a pronounced dormant period and requires only a slight decrease in temperature in winter time. In summer, the daytime temperature is approximately 25–30, and in winter 20–25 degrees.
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It is very important for the future flowering of the phalaenopsis orchid to have a difference between day and night temperatures of 6–7 degrees, since it is thanks to this difference that flower buds are formed.
If your flowers are on the windowsill, you should not forget that the temperature there in winter is much lower; therefore, it is recommended to put a thermometer on the windowsill in order to promptly respond to a drop in the temperature of the flower.
If the night temperature drops to 10-15 degrees for a day or two, the phalaenopsis orchid will easily tolerate it. But if the temperature drop persists for several days, then this can lead to serious illness and subsequent death of the plant.
When the temperature drops by long time The roots of the phalaenopsis orchid stop absorbing water, and the leaves lose their elasticity and so-called wrinkles appear on them, which represent the first signs of freezing of the flower. In this case, the orchid lives and feeds only on moisture and nutrients, accumulated in the leaves of the flower.
A novice gardener may think that the Phaleponsis orchid does not have enough water and increase the amount of watering, but this will only worsen the situation, as it will lead to rotting of the roots and other diseases.
The main ways to prevent freezing of a phalaenopsis orchid are to seal all the cracks in the window frames, place the flowers as high as possible on the windowsill and in such a way that the pot and leaves of the orchid do not touch the cold glass.
How to grow an orchid at home. The necessary conditions for growing home orchid. Growing phalaenopsis.
Family: Orchids (Orchidaceae).
Number of orchid species: about 40.
Homeland of the orchid: Southeast Asia.
Description of the phalaenopsis orchid
This is a rosette monopoidal plant. In nature, they live in damp areas - on the banks of reservoirs or on coastal rocks. They have thick roots of a round or flattened shape, with the help of which the plants stick to any surface. The leaves of the orchid are dense, wide, fleshy, dark green, collected in a basal rosette.
Phalaenopsis flowers range in size from 1 to 13 cm in diameter and are shaped like a butterfly, hence the name (“phalaenopsis” means “butterfly” in Latin). The inflorescences are located in the axils of the leaves; depending on the variety, one peduncle can contain up to 100 flowers. After one inflorescence fades, new ones can develop from the lateral buds. On the peduncles of some varieties of orchids, “babies” are formed that easily take root. The color of flowers can be very diverse, both monochromatic and variegated.
Two forms of phalaenopsis coexist - standard and miniature. Standard views reach 1 m in height, miniature ones do not exceed 30 cm. They are preferable for keeping indoors.
When orchids bloom depends on the species, some of which can bloom three times a year.
Growing an orchid. The necessary conditions
Temperature
The plant is thermophilic; the optimal temperature for phalaenopsis is 22-24°C. In autumn, during the formation of flower buds, the temperature must be reduced to 16°C for 1-2 months.
Lighting
Orchids prefer diffuse light, cannot stand direct sunlight. It is best to keep them on east or west windows, but with good artificial lighting You can place a phalaenopsis at the back of the room. .jpg)
How to water an orchid correctly
Phalaenopsis do not like waterlogging - their roots need a large number of air, so watering should be moderate throughout the year. To avoid rotting, it is better to water the plants not from above, but from a tray or by immersing the pot in a container of water. Water for irrigation should be soft.
Fertilizers for orchids
Orchids need regular feeding - in the summer twice a month at the usual dosage, the rest of the time once a month at half the dose. For feeding, it is advisable to use a special fertilizer for orchids.
Rest period
Not expressed.
Air humidity
Orchids are very demanding high humidity. It needs to be supported in all ways - by spraying leaves and air around the plant, placing the pot on a tray with wet filler, installing it near a miniature indoor pond (fountain).
When spraying, remember that water should not be allowed to get on the flowers. In addition, the spray bottle should be as small as possible so that the moisture forms a misty cloud around the plant without depositing drops on it.
Orchid transplant
Plants are replanted once every 2 years, in May. In this case, the new container should be slightly larger than the old one. The most important thing when replanting is not to damage the overgrown fragile roots of the phalaenopsis.
The substrate for orchids needs to be loose, coarse, and well-drained so that the roots receive enough air. So, it can consist of a mixture of coarse sand, sphagnum moss, pieces pine bark and pieces charcoal in equal parts.
Orchid propagation
“Children” are formed on the stems of flowers. When they reach a length of about 5 cm, they are separated from the mother plant and rooted in orchid substrate, planted immediately in a separate pot.
Amazing plants have learned to adapt well to different climatic conditions, so orchids can be found in nature not only in the tropics. Naturally, everything depends on the orchids. Scientists even analyzed their growth according to climatic zones:
- The first zone included South America, Central America, Australia, Southeast Asia and also coastal parts of Africa.
- The second zone included mountainous areas, i.e. mountains of Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea, Brazil and the Andes. The slopes of these mountains are covered with dense forests, where there is constant fog (even on a hot day). The air temperature here, of course, is slightly lower than in the tropics, but the humidity is quite high. Everything mainly grows here as epiphytes.
- The third zone included the steppe and plateaus, for example, the plateau of Brazil. Orchids in this zone can be found only near water bodies; these are mainly terrestrial species and a small part of epiphytes.
- Parts of the territories were included in the fourth zone North America, Europe and Asia with temperate climates. Orchids are also found here, but only terrestrial species and very few.
In Europe, these amazing flowers became acquainted around the middle of the 18th century - travelers discovered new continents and were amazed by the sight exotic plants. There is a beautiful story about how in England one botanist received a parcel as a gift with a wrinkled, almost completely dry specimen of an orchid from the Bahamas. He planted it in a pot and, indeed, a miracle happened - after a while the plant came to life and thanked him with gorgeous flowers. pink flowers, it was a tropical orchid. From that moment on, the craze for orchids began.
How did it take root?
People spent a lot of money to purchase at least one plant, thereby confirming their wealth status. But, much to our disappointment, “taming” the flower turned out to be not so easy. Despite efforts to create a “tropical paradise” in their greenhouses, they could not save the plant. A whole century passed and only then they finally found the right approach— we selected the desired temperature in the greenhouse and ensured the influx fresh air. The orchids bloomed in full bloom (learn more about orchid blooms). At the same time (19th century), the demand for them grew so much that special expeditions were sent to the jungle and flowers were exported from there in huge quantities. At that time, they did not yet know how to grow orchids from seeds (read about methods of propagating orchids, including from seeds).
The history of the emergence of diversity in varieties
The varieties of orchids are so diverse (there are more than 35 thousand of them), which simply lead among all other plants. Surprisingly, new species continue to be discovered in the tropics every year.
ATTENTION: Of course, they owe such great diversity not only to nature, but also to thousands of breeders from different countries.
And it all started again in England - one English gardener, out of curiosity, began experimenting with the flowers of Cattleya guttata and Cattleya loddigesi, and as a result, the seeds sprouted, from where the first man-made specimen of Cattleya Hybrida appeared (in the 19th century). Well, then the baton was quickly picked up, the number of new hybrids increased sharply, and the results delight us all.
Read more about unusual varieties of orchids, descriptions and photos of flowers of various shapes in.
In Russia, 35 species of this plant are listed in the Red Book. Scientists have calculated that, unfortunately, by 2050, approximately half of the current number of orchid species will remain in Europe. Most countries are trying to preserve wild orchid species in botanical gardens, nature reserves and national parks. Nowadays, all of them are protected by environmental laws.
Features of care
Our stores sell mainly hybrid species of orchids, caring for them at home is much easier. The most popular species is Phalaenopsis. Important points when leaving:
- proper lighting - diffused light is best for at least 12 hours;
- temperature regime - for everyone indoor orchids It would be optimal to provide 20–27 degrees of heat during the day, and 14–24 degrees at night;
- air humidity – required high humidity, it is very useful to place an aquarium or a tray with water and pebbles next to the plant;
- watering – heavy watering will only be necessary during the period of flowering and active growth; the rest of the time, watering should be moderate.
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Conclusion
Psychologists say that even just looking at a flower is very useful - it protects against depression, it is a symbol spiritual rebirth, perfection and harmony. Be sure to have at least one copy in your home - and life will become brighter. This is an amazingly rewarding plant - it blooms for a long time both in summer and winter, it is pleasing to the eye, and does not require any special care.
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Orchid – beautiful plant on a thin stalk, crowned with flowers of delightful color, belonging to the orchid family. It is quite popular among indoor plant lovers.. It attracts flower growers with its tenderness and beauty, but is a little frightening due to its complex content. The description of a flower always sounds attractive, but where is its homeland?
The flower received a euphonious name thanks to an ancient Greek philosopher named Theophrastus, who was a student of Plato. He discovered an unknown plant with unusual roots, which were paired bulbs. As a result, he gave the plant the name “orchis”, which means “testicle” in Greek.
The ancient Greek scientist Theophrastus is the one who gave the name to modern Orchids
The first orchids inhabited our planet about one hundred and thirty million years ago, but became widespread in China and Japan only three to four thousand years ago. In European countries, the plant lives for two hundred years.
Associated with them origin of various legends. For example, according to one ancient legend, she was born from the fragments of a broken colorful rainbow. Another myth says that beautiful flower grew up where the inimitable goddess of love Aphrodite dropped her shoe.
Description of indoor and wild plants
It is difficult to give a general description because they are completely different and are diametrically different from each other.
There are about thirty-five thousand varieties and types of orchids.
The stems of the plant can be short or long, straight or creeping. simple leaves arranged one by one.
Flowers come in the most colorful colors various shades. They make up two types of inflorescences: spike or raceme. The flower of most varieties consists of three sepals located on top and three lower petals. The upper sepals sometimes grow together to form a single organism.
The middle lower petal differs from the rest in its unusual shape, reminiscent of a shoe or a bag. It is called the “lip”, and it is often in this petal that the nectary is located. The nectar of some varieties of orchids stupefies insects, because of which they cannot leave the plant and remain inside for a long time.
Predatory orchids can lure and intoxicate insects Pollen grains form hard balls called pollinia. Depending on the type, pollinia can be soft, waxy, mealy or very hard.. They stick to the insect thanks to a sticky substance. The pollen is collected in such a way that it falls completely on the stigma.
Each ovary becomes the ancestor of hundreds of thousands of seeds. Orchid nectar, which attracts insects, has a variety of odors, ranging from unpleasant odor rotting meat to the aroma of elite perfume.
Light and small orchid seeds, ripening in capsules, are quickly carried away by the wind, without even reaching the ground. They fly for a long time, settling on tree branches. Success comes to those seeds that fall on the mycelium, - only they will give life to a new plant.
Among orchids there are amazing pollination mechanisms. For example, plants with a shoe-shaped structure have an insect trap, some species shoot pollen at pollinators.
Kinds
The family combines a large number of species that are completely different from each other.
Epiphytes
Orchids are mainly epiphytes. Epiphytes grow on trees and other plants that support flowers.
Epiphytes do not depend on the earth, they are not damaged by animals and place big amount sun rays. The roots hold the plant on a support, take part in the process of photosynthesis and take up moisture and useful material from environment and tree bark.
The epiphyte always finds support above the ground Lithophytes and countries where they grow
Lithophytic orchids settle among stones and rocks. Their roots and lifestyle differ little from epiphytic ones. Lithophytic varieties in wildlife found in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela. Sometimes flowers grow at an altitude of up to two thousand meters above sea level.
Lithophytes feel comfortable in a humid environment with a cool climate. They like sudden drops in temperature. Lithophytic orchids are grown in winter gardens and special display cases, as they require high humidity.
Herbaceous and terrestrial
Herbaceous varieties are found in temperate zones, America, Europe and Asia. IN indoor floriculture these species are not common. Representatives of herbaceous orchids grow in clearings, wet meadows and edges near forests.
Herbaceous orchids fit perfectly into the natural landscape Terrestrial have ordinary leaves and roots. In tropical areas they can reach a height of more than half a meter.
Saprophytic
Saprophytic orchids are a large group of plants. They consist of shoots with scales and no leaves. Saprophytic underground does not have chlorophyll.
She gets her nutrition from humus. Coral-like roots absorb water with beneficial microelements. Substances for development of saprophytic orchids are obtained from mycotic fungus.
Differences between orchids
Phalaenopsis is the most popular variety, which is suitable for growing at home. Phalaenopsis is one of the unpretentious species, although the necessary conditions must be created for them.
Lelia, like phalaenopsis, belongs to epiphytes and lithophytes.
Beginners who have no experience in caring for orchids are not recommended to grow lelia.. She needs living conditions that resemble natural ones.
The coelogina orchid is successfully cultivated in indoor floriculture.
Comb, fringed and beautiful coelogina are among the most unpretentious orchids . These are the types that are recommended for beginners.
If you are new to floriculture, Celogina is your choice Epidendrum hybrids are mainly grown in culture. This species is not very common in Russia., and stores abroad offer big choice Epidendrum. It is difficult for beginners to cope with this flower, so they are bred by experienced specialists.
Phalaenopsis family: where do they come from?
For a long time people believed that orchids only grow in the tropics, so they cannot be grown in apartment conditions.
Where are they from? It is difficult to determine the homeland of a flower using any formula, and they do not have a passport. However, it is known that orchids grow in completely different climates, they are distributed throughout to the globe, they are not found only in Antarctica.
Most species yet prefer tropical rainforest areas where are they delicate flowers hidden from direct hit sultry rays and well ventilated.
Some species settle in trees, stumps, and on the ground, while others prefer mountain crevices, where they are protected from drafts. In the process of evolution, they acquired leaves and roots that help them survive during drought. As indoor plant orchids began to be grown four thousand years ago.
Orchids are recognized as a symbol of love and bring harmony to your home The orchid is a symbol of love and romance. She is especially popular now, every housewife wants to have a delicate plant in the house.
Indoor orchid - incredible beautiful plant, which, thanks to its attractive appearance, decorates window sills residential buildings and offices. The flower is quite demanding of its personality, since it was brought to us from abroad. Where is the home of the indoor orchid, and what are the nuances of caring for the plant?
Homeland of the indoor orchid
The remains of an orchid were first mentioned in the works of the outstanding philosopher Theophrastus in the fifth century BC. The plant was found in Verona, therefore, Italy is considered the flower’s native home. Theophrastus described the plant in a systematic treatise, where he indicated that the orchid has two tubercles at the base, which are very reminiscent of human ovaries.
However, one must get to the eleventh century, in China.
The Chinese praised the indoor orchid because they believed that it was capable of expelling evil spirits from the house. It was they who “tamed” and first began to plant the plant in a container. The blooming of orchids was associated with the onset of spring holidays.
Today, orchids are so popularized that they can be found in every corner of the world. Despite all its cuteness, the flower boasts voluminous sucker roots. Thanks to the roots, the plant can “grab” onto any surface, be it a stone, a tree or earthen soil. It is noteworthy that the orchid does not dry out in the air, so there is no vital need for soil.
Amazing facts about orchids:
- There are more than 20,000 thousand species of orchids.
- The plant has flower symmetry similar to the symmetry of a human face.
- Orchid is the source of vanilla.
- Some plant species can live up to 100 years.
- This type of plant serves as the main ingredient for the preparation of an oriental drink - salep.
Over the past few years, the plant has gained wide popularity among modern gardeners. And all thanks to the variety of plant colors and long flowering. Most people think that the orchid does not do well in our climatic conditions, but it is worth saying that when proper care, you will be delighted with the unpretentiousness of this plant.
How to care for the “queen” of indoor flowers?
The indoor orchid reaches a height of 60-90 centimeters and a width of 15-20 centimeters. The color is bright and long lasting. home flower refers to evergreens, its leaves are distinguished by a rich green color. Proper care consists of:
- Maintaining and creating the correct humidity. In summer, with humidity in residential buildings no problem. In winter, a humidifier will come to your aid. You can spray the plant occasionally warm water, this will help moisten the leaves and remove such unwanted dust.
- Regular watering. An indoor orchid needs abundant watering, but it is worth remembering a sense of proportion. The next watering should only be done when the soil is dry. It is better to allow the flower to saturate itself with water through the root system.
- Replanting and feeding the plant. Indoor orchids need to be replanted every year in the spring. Renewing the soil and pot allows the root system to “breathe” and become saturated minerals. It is better to feed the plant using ready-made mineral supplements. But do not “overfeed” the plant, otherwise it has a chance to burn the roots.
- Compliance temperature regime. In principle, an indoor orchid is a heat-loving plant. IN summer period You can place the pot on the windowsill, but you should make sure that Sun rays Do not come into direct contact with the leaves - otherwise you will encounter a burn. In winter, you should beware of drafts and frost.
In severe frosts, the flower must be protected from being on the windowsill. If you strictly adhere to these simple rules, then caring for an indoor orchid will not be too difficult and confusing, and the hostess will be able to enjoy long flowering plants.
Difficulties in growing orchids
Any plant needs special care. This is due to anatomical features indoor flower. What difficulties might a gardener encounter when growing indoor orchids?
Difficulties in growing orchids:
- Brown spots on leaves. Most often they point to sunburn. The housewife should take care to darken the place where the plant stands.
- The plant grows at an angle. Most likely he doesn't have enough light. If there are no problems with lighting, the reason may lie in poor watering.
- Plaque and fungus on the leaves. In most cases, the appearance of these problems is associated with dampness and cold in the room.
If the plant does not bloom, or blooms, but very sparingly, look for the reason in insufficient feeding mineral fertilizers or poor care. Caring for an indoor orchid can be reduced to maintaining humidity, regular watering, and proper feeding. With proper care, the plant is sure to respond to you with beautiful and long flowering.