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(Manufacturers of cabinet furniture, this is important for the success of the demand for your products!!!)

The concept of fittings

The first furniture fittings were ropes and nails, with the help of which people fastened furniture parts together. And if the form and functional purpose furniture in historical scale have not undergone significant changes, the production of accessories has made an unimaginably big leap.
What does this capacious concept include: “accessories for furniture making”.
Furniture production does not stand alone; the word “fittings” is found quite often, and in different areas industry and production. The most widely used concepts are “furniture fittings” and “ window fittings" So what is fittings?
ACCESSORIES- the totality of all metal and plastic parts in the design of a furniture product, without which its existence is impossible. Furniture components are made of metal and plastic; facial accessories can also be made of wood, glass, and ceramics. Furniture fittings are several tens of thousands of items used in the manufacture of furniture.

With the help of fittings, a movable and fixed connection of furniture parts is ensured, as well as the interaction of furniture with a person and his home. IN industry standard"Furniture accessories. General technical requirements" a classification of furniture fittings products is given, which includes more than 110 types. It should be said that in the manufacture of furniture various glass products, plastic and metal containers, dish drainers, mirrors and other products related to furniture components are also used. Properly chosen fittings have a positive effect on the architectural and artistic design of furniture, organization technological process for furniture manufacturing, strength and durability m

food, ease of use

Furniture fittings - subtleties of furniture production

Oddly enough, furniture accessories play no less a role than other furniture components: cabinet walls, their doors or shelves.
Moreover, the cost of these components (of course, if they are of high quality) makes up a very impressive part of the cost of the furniture produced.
This is especially true for kitchens, wardrobes, but, above all, dressing rooms.
Even in regular closet You will find many, sometimes inconspicuous, but very useful helpers - elements of furniture fittings. Very high demands are placed on retractable mechanisms, which are usually equipped with shelves and drawers of cabinets, chests of drawers, bedside tables, computer and desk tables, etc. Easy, almost silent and sliding drawer extension makes the use of cabinet furniture as comfortable as possible. Sliding wardrobes also owe their popularity to the ease of opening the door: without making any effort, even a child can take clothes out of the closet and just as easily push the door back.

Furniture fittings are coming

Fittings for cabinet furniture have not undergone significant changes for quite a long time and are not particularly diverse. Only with the development of production technologies, with the advent of fierce competition in the market, did experts think about the need for more evolutionary and original solutions in the field of furniture fittings. Now the variety of connecting units and components allows you to turn the most daring into reality design solutions. Thus, the presentation of the product is improved, and its competitiveness increases.
Today, trivial corner ties and roller guides are being replaced by increasingly modernized and varied auxiliary products for the production of cabinet furniture. Actually one of distinctive features In the development of the furniture industry over the past decade, there has been an intensive growth in the production of fittings according to their range and range. The quality characteristics of fittings are improved. Increasing their reliability, durability, and cleanliness of workmanship also leads to an increase in the quality of the furniture products themselves. The functional type (range) of fittings products is also expanding. This allows you to create furniture samples with new or improved consumer properties. The model (assortment) variety of fittings is increasing. There is an opportunity for greater variation in the design and composition of furniture, for a more accurate match external characteristics fittings and furniture by their color, texture, shape, in general - by style.
It is not uncommon for some furniture products to consist almost entirely of fittings selected from a catalog, for example, work chairs and wardrobes. Today, specialized catalogs in this capacity include, for example, supports for stools, chairs, armchairs and tables, a “back-seat” block, load-bearing elements shelving structures, plinths, cornices, mesh shelves, metal sliding doors, bed frames, frames for upholstered furniture, kitchen worktop covers.

Types of accessories

All these elements can be divided:
- fastening fittings,
- functional (facial) fittings.
This division of accessories is quite arbitrary, because some fasteners can perform the “duties” of the front one.
What stands apart in this row is furniture edges and in general edge materials(edge ​​tapes, edge glue, etc.). We also note a variety of mortise profiles and furniture edgings. By the way, finishing profiles furniture edges may also be overhead.

Mounting hardware

Designed for fastening and fixing furniture parts. Fasteners that ensure the movable interaction of furniture elements include various types of hinges, guides, metaboxes, etc.

Furniture hinge

A device by which the door is attached to the frame of a furniture product. Loops - essential element, ensuring the functioning and reliability of the furniture door. The most common are brass or brass-plated hinges (zinc or steel alloys). It is brass-plated on top so that the hinge does not rust and its parts slide better.
Sometimes furniture hinges are covered with enamel different colors or other compounds that imitate bronze, gold, chrome. Modern four-hinge hinges, even those produced by the same company, differ in design, variety of purposes and external design.
Based on the type of fastening, hinges can be divided into overhead, inset, semi-overlay, and complex hinges. Overhead hinges are furniture hinges in which the part to be opened completely covers the end of the supporting part and is located at an angle of 90° to it. Inset hinges are furniture

hinges, in which the outer plane of the part to be opened is at an angle of 90° to the supporting part and in the same plane as its end.

Semi-overlay hinges - this type of furniture hinge is used when two opposite hinges are installed on one load-bearing part, while the parts to be opened cover the end of the load-bearing part (each by an equal half depending on the model of the hinge used) and are also at an angle of 90 ° to her. Complex hinges are furniture hinges in which the angle of rotation when opening can be +-45°, +-30°, 180° and differs from the standard opening angle of 95-110°.

Furniture guides

Guides are a drawer pull-out system. All extension systems can be divided into two types:
- guides for ordinary boxes made of chipboard or wood;
- boxes that have metal parts in their design (sides, sometimes back walls)

Nowadays roller and ball guides.

Roller- easy to use and correct installation make it easy to open and close drawers.

Ball guides- high-tech, diverse, differing in complexity. They allow the drawers to be fully extended, provide smooth operation and silent, soft closing of the drawers.

Metaboxes- sidewalls for economy class boxes. Metaboxes are made on the basis of roller guides, but have serious differences. The metabox set consists of two support rails (left and right) and two guides that are also the side walls of the box (left and right). This is one of the conveniences of metaboxes, because... no need to manufacture side walls a box made of chipboard or other material. You only need to make the bottom, back wall and front of the box of the required size. And the fact that the bottom is made of laminated chipboard (mostly the thickness of laminated chipboard is 16mm), and not from fiberboard (mostly the thickness of fibreboard is 4mm), gives the product extraordinary strength and reliability. Another advantage of metaboxes is the fastenings for the facade, which are adjustable, ensuring that the front of the box is installed exactly on the body of the furniture. There are also special extension bars for metaboxes that allow you to increase the working height of the metabox to the desired size, and separation systems will allow you to properly organize the workspace inside the metabox itself. Metaboxes are made of steel, 1.2mm thick and coated with high-strength enamel various colors(mostly white and metallic). The material of the rollers themselves is high-strength plastic, designed for more than one thousand openings. The load (weight of the box) supported by metaboxes directly depends on their length. The longer the length, the less the load: from 10kg to 20kg. (open state). Metaboxes are considered a partial extension system (3/4), i.e. extend three-quarters of their total length. Metaboxes can be used for both overlay and inset facades.

Alpha Box- high-tech drawer pull-out mechanism. The Alpha drawer is equipped with a maintenance-free guide system that is hidden from view under other parts and is highly resistant to lateral loads. The high-quality drawer pull system has excellent movement and easily pulls drawers into the cabinet. The guide system requires no maintenance and is highly wear-resistant. It leaves no traces of metal abrasion or any other contaminants: cleanliness and hygiene are guaranteed! Maximum load- 40kg. White boxes are entered into the warehouse program.

Furniture fasteners

Fasteners that ensure the fixed interaction of furniture elements include:
- screeds,
-screws,
- confirmations,
- dowels,
- self-tapping screws,
-corners and so on. Moreover, all these listed fasteners belong to the group of screeds, but they are called differently.
If we take the origins of furniture, then at the beginning of carpentry there was no such variety of fasteners as now, and all furniture was built on lock joints,

Shipah, "shkanah" (now, - dowels and wedges that gave strength to benches and tables. Since then, a lot has changed, but the dowel has remained the fastener still used today. The dowels (8X30), however, also acquired different sizes, received corrugation and a precise chamfer at the ends. Everything else gave way to special fittings. Connecting furniture on dowels even now gives us the opportunity to quickly and correctly position furniture parts during assembly, and prevents their mutual displacement during operation, absorbing all lateral loads. A dowel is a very cheap and simple part, but it also has its own difficulties. It is made from natural wood and when manufactured from undried wood or improperly stored, it is capable of changing its cylindrical shape, which significantly affects the quality of the connection. However, small furniture is connected using dowels alone. At large sizes products and correspondingly increasing loads, the dowels can no longer withstand pulling out, that is, longitudinal forces, and therefore, ties can always be found next to them.
Screw tie or barrel tie consists of only two elements: the screw and the “barrel” - cylindrical part with transverse threaded hole. The “barrel” itself is made entirely of metal or plastic with a nut inserted inside (however, its diameter increases somewhat). The tie is very strong, since when tightening the screw, very large forces are generated and a long tightening stroke is generated, but visible screw heads always appear on the side surface of the product, spoiling its appearance. Of course, the head of the screw, especially with a hex slot, can be covered with a plastic plug, but the appearance will still leave much to be desired.
The screed is not very easy to assemble. The hole in the barrel must line up exactly with the screw. Therefore, the mutually perpendicular axes of the holes for the “barrel” and for the screw in the layer and end of the part must intersect exactly. When the installed “barrel” is simply turned the wrong way, it is easy to turn it around using a specially provided slot at the end. But if the hole under it is too deep, and he simply “drowned” in it, it is extremely difficult to pull him back out. Conical coupler. The desire to hide the screw head from front surface led to the modernization of the “barrel” screed. As a result, the screw that passes through the attached part of the assembled furniture frame has been replaced by a rod that is screwed into a body with a threaded hole, screwed or pressed flush into the part.
Two holes are drilled in the main part: one at the end, for the rod, the other, perpendicular to the first, in the plane, for the “barrel”. The rod, at the end of which a conical recess is formed on the side surface, passes through the transverse hole of the body, along the axis of which there is a threaded hole with a screw. The tip of the screw has a pointed conical shape and, when tightening the screw, rests against lateral surface deepening the tie rod, displacing it together with the attached part to the end of the main one, which achieves tension in the connection. Screed furniture corner. The product is also very simple in design: a strip of metal bent at a right angle with a hole on one arm and a groove on the other. It consists entirely of five elements: an angle, two countersunk screws and two threaded fittings. During assembly, the angle is attached with screws to the parts being connected using metal or plastic fittings with an internal threaded hole.
The tightening force is achieved by displacing the axis of the fastening hole on one of the parts being connected. As a result, when screwing the screw, it presses with the cone of its head on the conical side surface of the hole in the corner, displacing the entire attached part and attracting it. At one time, this screed even became predominantly widespread in our industry, because: it is durable; does not require drilling holes in the ends; easy to install; unpretentious to the accuracy of the location of filler holes; Disadvantages: visible; interferes with the use of furniture; there are a lot of defects in its production; As for attempts to use metal or plastic corners secured with screws to connect furniture parts, it is better not to buy furniture with such joints: this is not a screed at all, and it is impossible to obtain a reliable tense corner joint in any furniture with their help.
Screw tie, or euroscrew, or euroscrew, or confirmat- a screw, usually made of carbon steel. In Europe this tie is called "Einteilferbinder" or "single element tie". And for some reason we call it a “euroscrew” or “euroscrew”. Although she has much more the name would be suitable“screw tie”, especially since it is like two peas in a pod like a screw, only thick and blunt.
Depending on the manufacturer, as well as the specifics of production, confirmations have different coatings: electro-galvanized, brass-plated, nickel, about 5 mm thick. The simplest screed, which found so wide application among our furniture makers precisely because it requires virtually no precision at all when adding.
Only two holes are drilled: one at the end of the main part, the other in the plane attached to it. The most popular are Euroscrews with a thread diameter of 7mm and a length of 50 or 70mm. Screeds from different manufacturers have their own design features. The small diameter of the head often allows, using force, to embed the screed flush with the surface of the slab without first countersinking the hole. Also, screw ties may have a specially provided “tooth” under the head, similar to a flash in a poorly made nail, which ensures that it is screwed in flush without countersinking, forming a chamfer for the hole.

A high-quality screed should not have a displacement of the head or slot relative to the axis. If this alignment does not exist, then the tie will go unevenly when screwed in, and the thread will break the hole, which impairs the strength of the connection between the chipboard parts. A tie with a smaller pitch of turns and a larger thread point provides a more durable connection. The first four turns of the thread are conical and have special serrations.
Therefore, the tie works like a tap or self-tapping screw, ensuring the cutting of smooth, high-quality threads to accommodate the remaining turns without disturbing the structure of the slab. Disadvantages: head visible from the end. It is usually closed with a plug; furniture assembled on such a screed cannot be assembled more than three times, since the threads cut in such a soft material as chipboard are likely to break. The trouble is that many manufacturers, rightly hoping for the strength of the metal, have completely stopped using dowels together with this screed. But if the assembly is carried out without securing the parts in the loan, then the parts may “lead away,” which can be noticeable when inspecting some products.
Eccentric coupler- view connecting fittings, which combines stealth and high joint strength and ensures the possibility of repeated assembly of the product. Ties from different manufacturers have their own characteristics, and because of their characteristics, eccentric couplers are also called minifixes, rondofixes and raffixes - these words are derived from the names of eccentric couplers from different manufacturers.
The principle of operation of the tie: A metal or plastic sleeve is screwed or pressed into the face of the attached part, flush with it, into which the tie rod with a “T”-shaped head is screwed. When assembling the product, the rod passes through a hole in the end of the main part, and its head ends up in the middle of a transverse hole drilled in its face. An eccentric is installed in it, gripping the rod head with its internal eccentric surface. With further rotation, the eccentric, turning in its hole and acting on the head of the rod, first brings the parts to be connected together, and then creates the necessary force in the connection.
An eccentric coupler consists of a cast metal eccentric, a fitting and a rod. There are also quite a lot of designs of such couplers, in which the rod is wrapped directly into the material of the attached part, without the use of a sleeve. The main difference between eccentric couplers is the diameter of the eccentric. The larger it is, the greater the stroke of the tie and the greater the possible force. Eccentrics with a diameter of 25, 15 and 12 mm are used.
Eccentrics with a diameter of 25 mm, and sometimes 15 mm, must be closed with a plastic plug. Disadvantages: possible weakening of the tie during use of the product. Different manufacturers solve this problem in different ways. Some ties have an internal working surface The eccentric is made concave, and the spherical working surface of the rod head is in contact with it. In other designs, the internal working surface of the eccentric is stepped, and the adjacent working surface of the rod head is flat.
In this case, the outer surface of the eccentric is equipped with oblique smoothed teeth, inclined in the direction opposite to the direction of its rotation during assembly, which, while increasing adhesion to the material of the part, additionally prevents its spontaneous rotation and weakening of the connection during operation of the product. Also, the notches inside the eccentric increase its grip on the rod three times compared to a smooth flat surface. An eccentric coupler requires extremely precise relative positioning of all mating holes. Drilling these holes "on the knee" often leads to breakage of the eccentric when applying force during assembly. Actually, the lack of precise filler equipment limits the widespread use of eccentric couplers in domestic furniture. Screw (derived from the German Schraube) - a screw screwed into wood or other soft material, in which the screw itself forms a thread by deforming the material.
The screw can be screwed into any material due to the threads that are made on the screw shaft. The thread of a screw is different from the thread of screws and bolts screwed into metal. It is taller and has a larger cutting pitch.
The threaded portion of the screw has a conical shape, tapering towards the end of the screw. The thread can be cut either along the entire length or only on part of the screw. The sizes of screws also vary depending on the tasks that are solved with their help.
Self-tapping screws- fasteners in shape corresponding to the definition of a SCREW, but having significant design improvements (primarily the shape of the thread, tip and slot), made of high-quality materials with various corrosion-resistant and aesthetic coatings.
These improvements make it possible to often use screws without pre-drilling holes (which significantly simplifies and speeds up the installation process of fastened products), as well as to use screws for fastenings on a metal (aluminum, steel, etc.) base and in building materials(concrete, brick, etc.). Such screws have significantly expanded the scope of their application and have significantly influenced the technology of many construction and mechanical assembly works.
Since the new screws were radically different from traditional ones, new term– SCREWS. This concept more accurately shows the purpose and capabilities of new screws, although today it is not legalized by the corresponding standard.

Shelf supports

- a piece of furniture that holds a shelf. The purpose of this fittings is to firmly hold all shelves at the desired height. A shelf installed on shelf holders between two vertical walls of the product on high level, regardless of the design of the shelf support, must be protected from accidental overturning under the influence of load on its leading edge. Therefore, shelf holders should be located at a distance of no more than 50-60mm from the front edge of the shelf. The main models of modern shelf holders are shelf holders for glass surfaces and chipboards, decorative and hidden, special shelf holders combined with ties, shelf holders for quick types of installation and many others.

4.2.Functional (or front) fittings are visible fasteners that carry a certain functional load. Facial fittings ensure interaction between the product and the person. Functional fittings include furniture supports, handles, sliding systems, wardrobe equipment, and kitchen accessories.

4.2.1.Handle

- this is an object or part of it, specifically designed for grasping, grasping or pressing on it with the hand when performing some short-term action, for example, for opening something: a door handle, a window, a cabinet drawer, etc.
In the design of furniture, several types of handles are used, depending on their shape, which have received their own names: handles-buttons, handles-bars, handles-sinks and handles-brackets (handle-brace) and so-called handles-rails. Handles are made, as a rule, in three stylistic directions: classic, retro, modern design. In most cases, handles are made of metal, but there are handles made of plastic, glass and ceramic.
Handle-button has a round, rectangular or other shaped body, attached to the furniture with a screw passing through its axis. Knob handles, if necessary, are equipped with devices that prevent them from freely turning or unscrewing under normal operating conditions.
Handle bar attached to the furniture in at least two points. Its body, most often, has a cross-section that is constant along its entire length.
Sink handles They can be either protruding above the surface of the element to which they are attached, or recessed, embedded in the product. Protruding handles are attached to the product at two points, while recessed handles are inserted into the hole chosen for them.
Bracket handles have a fixed or movable through bracket fixed at two points.
Handle rails- chrome plated steel rod with two attachment points. Handle rails are a fashion option and, as a rule, exceed the size of handle bars. Handles are attached to furniture using glue, screws and screws. Fastening with glue is rarely used, since glued handles cannot be removed from the product, which may be required during transportation and repair. In addition, glued handles are difficult to replace with new ones. Mostly recessed handles-shells are placed on the glue. Today, a common method of fastening handles is with special screws embedded in the handle during its manufacture, and standard nuts. The nut and screw are covered with a metal or plastic cap.
4.2.2.Furniture supports or let’s talk about “legs”

Furniture supports- These are furniture fastening devices. They ensure the interaction of furniture products with the elements of the room and must be convenient and reliable in operation. Today there are a huge number of different supports, which are divided by characteristics, structures, design, etc. Constantly changing fashion forces furniture manufacturers, manufacturers of facial accessories, and designers to come up with more and more new types of designs.

Thrust bearing- the simplest furniture support. In most cases it is made of plastic and can be various types: “under the nail”, in the form of a button, with a leg, etc. It is still very often used in both cabinet and upholstered furniture of economy class. Despite its apparent simplicity, it has an important function - it prevents moisture from getting inside the boards from which the cabinet is made, since in the future the laminate that covers the chipboard may bubble and come off.

Roller bearings(furniture wheels) - necessary for making chairs for the home, coffee tables, sliding sofas, medical furniture, various gurneys, etc. These supports come with a stopper, without a stopper, are attached to the furniture using a platform, a threaded screw, or have U-shaped mount. The ability to carry increased loads, soft, silent rolling - these are the main advantages of wheel supports. The load on each support is determined by its purpose. The simplest wheel support is “straightforward”, its name speaks for itself; such a product is used in furniture that does not require turning, for example sliding sofas. The next class of “wheeled” supports are supports for furniture that require rotation around its axis. They differ in load, appearance, and mounting methods.

« Decorative supports- performing the function of the actual support, they are also an element of the structural design of the furniture (i.e. they are clearly visible in the finished product). With their help you can completely change the appearance of your furniture. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes and can be metal, plastic, wood, or a combination.
On the modern furniture market there is a huge number of “decorative” supports, but as experience shows, first of all, this support must be made of quality material, And outer covering must meet the highest quality standards. Now there are many different fakes on the market. At first glance, it is sometimes impossible to distinguish a fake from a “original” product, and only during operation do their shortcomings become apparent. The coating fades and falls off, and the load does not correspond to the declared one, since recycled metal is used in fakes.
The existing problem of uneven floors was solved with the help of adjustable feet. The simplest adjustable feet- these are sets of screws with a plastic head and a mating part, which can be a regular nut for a leg with an external thread, a whisker nut (it must be driven into the bottom end of the furniture), or a corner bracket. Adjustment of such a leg is carried out by screwing the screw into the mating part, by hand or with a screwdriver.
The disadvantage of this design is that in order to adjust the height of the cabinet, you have to lift it, turn the leg required quantity revolutions, put the cabinet in place, evaluate the correctness of the adjustment and, if necessary, repeat this sequence of actions several more times. And the cabinet has to be unloaded before adjustment. But this problem has also been resolved - there are hidden adjustable supports of different designs designed to compensate for uneven floors and level the height of heavy wardrobes and closets, even if they are already filled with clothes.
Conclusion: The above is only the main and small part of the furniture fittings; lifting mechanisms, pantographs and other complex mechanisms and furniture components and fittings are not affected. You can talk about the equipment of a kitchen or dressing room for hours.

(By what signs can you distinguish good fittings from pirated ones?)

Recently, a lot of cheap, unscrupulous accessories from China have appeared in Russia.

It is not recommended to deal with her.
1. On a high-quality loop you can easily detect the manufacturer’s brand. Our most famous ones are: Blum, FGV, Firmax, Boward, Ferrari, Grass, Hettich, Lama, Samsung.. Many of these companies have factories in China and provide strict control over production, so such Chinese products do not raise suspicion.
2. Sure signs of “left-handed” fittings are defects in the galvanic coating, uneven color (“discoloration”), large burrs, creaking when opening, incomplete closing of the door.
Drawer guides are most often found in two types - roller and ball. They can be easily distinguished by their appearance, and most importantly, by their sound. Roller bearings by their nature have backlash. The balls move smoothly and almost silently. Ball guides are a sure sign of more expensive and solid furniture. Roller ones have their advantage: drawers on such guides can easily be completely removed from the cabinet, which is important for office furniture.
3.B last years Hidden guides, which are used in expensive and high-quality furniture, have become especially popular. These guides are highly reliable: thanks to the built-in dampers, the drawer moves smoothly and closes softly and silently.
4. When buying or ordering cabinet furniture, you need to pay attention to the shelf holders. A cheap detail, a trifle! But it is precisely the attention to detail that demonstrates the manufacturer’s respectful attitude towards his product and the buyer. The simplest shelf holder seems to be durable, time-tested. However, the shelf on it is not fixed securely enough. Today, such shelf supports are used only in the cheapest furniture. Corner-shaped shelf supports are much more reliable - they have a much larger contact area with the shelf, and they look much neater.
Conclusion: In order not to worry about the furniture you like, you need to study the certificates for it, and then carefully check all the components of its quality in order:
- It is desirable that all surfaces of chipboard or MDF boards be lined;
- Chips, peeling of film or edge material are not allowed on the chipboard and its coating;
-The thickness of the slab on countertops must be at least 18 mm; the use of a 16 mm slab is not recommended;
-Joints of decorative strips (panels, cornices), made at an angle, must be neat, without gaps;
-Door hinges must be above suspicion (marking, high-quality coating, no creaking);
- Fasteners - as hidden as possible, hidden inside the slab, or covered with plugs;
-The shelves must be firmly held in place; backlash (swaying of the shelf) indicates the “pirate” origin of the furniture;
-The back walls of the cabinets must be securely fastened; it is desirable that they be made of laminated chipboard or MDF, and not of hardboard (fibreboard) - this reduces the risk that you will accidentally “push” the wall out of the cabinet;
- In the places where the doors adjoin the frame, special pads or dampers must be installed, thanks to which the doors will not rattle when closing.
-Silumin (aluminum alloy) “corner” screed today already looks suspicious. Eccentric ties are preferable - they are more accurate and do not catch the eye. On the other hand, such connections require more complex filler equipment. Therefore, furniture assembled on “eccentrics” is most likely of “factory” origin and not of pirated origin.
-The screw tie (aka “Euroscrew”, also known as “confirmat”) is very popular, but has significant drawback: “confirmed” furniture cannot be disassembled and reassembled more than two or three times. The carving in the chipboard layer no longer lives!

Purchasing furniture is a long-term purchase. It sometimes serves us for decades. Buying furniture is not only a long and painstaking process, but also expensive. According to statistics, the cost of purchasing furniture ranks third among the expenses of the average family, after the cost of real estate and vehicles. Considering the importance of the costs of purchased furniture, the specifics of Russian legislation in the field of consumer protection and the peculiarities of doing business by many large and small companies, it is necessary to know some rules for purchasing furniture and to warn potential furniture buyers against fatal mistakes. To avoid problems that could spoil the joy of your purchase, we ask you to take note of this consumer information and follow the recommendations.
1. When purchasing materials for making furniture, citizens, as a rule, look at the dimensions, design, colors, but few people pay attention to the marking labels and other accompanying documents. When purchasing furniture or materials, it is necessary not only to check the quality of the product, the compliance of the dimensions of the furniture with the dimensions specified in the specification, but also the availability of accompanying documentation. First of all, you should pay attention to the presence of a label, which is a kind of business card manufacturer. Furniture and materials for production must be accompanied the following information for the consumer:

The company name (name) and location (legal address) of the manufacturer of the goods, the location of the organization (organizations) authorized by the manufacturer (seller) to accept claims from buyers and carry out repairs and maintenance of the goods;
- details of the manufacturer and (or) supplier;
Name of product;
- designation of standards, mandatory requirements which the product must comply with;
- information about the main consumer properties of the product;
-rules and conditions for effective and safe use of the product;
- technical control mark, batch number and date of manufacture;
- about the functional purpose;
-about the materials from which the furniture is made and which are used in its decoration;
- about the methods, terms, conditions of delivery and transfer of goods to the buyer;
-price and terms of purchase of goods;
- furniture packaging must be accompanied by instructions for use or use.
2. Samples of furniture offered for sale must be displayed on the sales floor in such a way as to ensure easy access to them for inspection by buyers.
3. The seller is obliged to carry out pre-sale preparation of furniture, which includes checking the completeness, the presence of parts necessary for assembly, furniture assembly diagrams (if the furniture is dismountable), as well as checking the presence of all items included in the set (set) of furniture.
4. Assembly and delivery of furniture is carried out for a fee, unless otherwise provided by the contract.
5. When selling furniture, the seller is obliged to bring to the attention of the buyer information about confirmation of conformity in the form of a certificate of conformity or information about confirmation of its compliance with established requirements (number of the certificate of conformity, its validity period, the body that issued the certificate, or registration number). These documents must be certified by the signature and seal of the manufacturer (supplier, seller) indicating his address and telephone number. If this information is not available from the seller, it is not recommended to purchase furniture.
6. Pay attention to the furniture storage conditions in the trade organization. At high humidity The destruction of phenol-formaldehyde resin accelerates, and the material from which the furniture is made begins to release more chemicals harmful to health into the air.
7. Remember that materials used in the manufacture of furniture, for example, chipboard, MDF (fiberboard), plywood, are sources of formaldehyde. If, when purchasing, you feel a distinct, easily noticeable, attention-grabbing unpleasant chemical odor from the furniture material, then do not buy it. This material found to be inappropriate hygienic requirements, even without further complex research. Furniture made from plywood and solid wood, or entirely solid wood, can also be a significant source of formaldehyde. In this case, it becomes oxidizing finishing (paint and varnish, etc.) materials containing urea formaldehydes, especially during the first six months after use. Studies on the influence of many coatings ( oil paint, wood veneer, fiberglass) have shown that they, to varying degrees (from 1.5 to 30 times) reduce the release of harmful substances from underneath polymer materials, but do not stop this process completely. The release of harmful substances into the air is associated both with their diffusion through the thickness of the coating and with their penetration through seams, cracks and other coating defects.

Conclusion:The logic is simple: if a furniture manufacturer, in order to save money, used the most primitive and cheap fittings, then where is the guarantee that he did not “save” on the quality of chipboard, on technology, on the qualifications of workers?

Good furniture manufacturers never skimp on furniture fittings, because they know that it is furniture fittings that have the “decisive vote” in their field of activity and that the success of sales of the furniture itself depends on furniture fittings. After all, no one needs a wardrobe without convenient pull-out shelves and drawers (that’s the only reason we take it - for convenience and spaciousness) or a wardrobe with a hard-to-open steel door and without “pants holders”.

Furniture fittings are auxiliary materials and accessories used in the production of furniture. Furniture fasteners are often considered accessories, although these are two different categories of elements for assembly. Fittings provide a supportive and decorative effect, while fasteners usually have only a functional use and hold furniture pieces in place.

What types of furniture fittings are there?

The list of accessories includes:

• Loops.
• Guides.
• Shelf supports.
• Pens.
• Supports.
• Hooks.
• Locks.
• Shock absorbers.
• Bumpers.
• Magnets.
• Closers.
• Railing pipes.

Loops

They are one of the most important accessories. They are used for movable fastening of doors and sashes. Their principle is similar to the operation of ordinary hinges for interior doors, but they are smaller in size. There is a huge range of accessories on sale, the price of which can vary tenfold. The most budget-friendly are hinges that provide hidden installation, which can only be seen after opening the doors or sashes. Most of the time they are invisible, so there is often no need to buy attractive, expensive accessories.

Conventionally, all furniture hinges can be divided into 3 categories for:

• Chipboard and MDF.
• Array.
• Glass.

The hinge used for fastening furniture made of chipboard and MDF provides for preliminary insertion into the material to provide a larger contact area for fastening. The fact is that chipboard and MDF have insufficient density, so screws screwed into them can break out under load. Installing such accessories requires a lot of time, but using other methods of fixing the door will be less reliable. The insertion under the loop is carried out like a feather.

For natural solid wood furniture, special hinges are used that have a classic look and resemble accessories for interior doors. They are simply applied to the door and base of the furniture, and then secured with. Often such furniture fittings remain noticeable, so they make them more attractive.

Special hinges are used for glass furniture. Each half consists of two parts, which, like a vice, press the glass part, preventing it from slipping out. They usually require pre-drilling into the glass to install them, but this is not mandatory. More expensive fittings will allow you to fix the doors even without preparing the holes. Often such loops are combined. On the one hand, they provide for fixation to glass door, and from the second to chipboard, MDF or solid wood.

Guides

This furniture fittings are designed to ensure the fixation of furniture boxes and the direction of their movement when removing and pushing in. Almost all furniture equipped with drawers that is produced in factories has metal guides. Wood planks, along which the movement of boxes is carried out, the outdated method is no longer used. Typically, guides provide sliding on rollers. Thanks to this, they move smoothly with minimal noise and effort.

Guides for each drawer are sold in pairs. One is designed to be mounted on the right, and the second on the left. Each such element consists of 2 parts. One is screwed to the side of the cabinet or cabinet, and the second is screwed to the bottom of the drawer. There are other designs of guides that use balls instead of rollers.

Shelf supports

Shelf holders are used to secure removable shelves in cabinets and cabinets. They act as a limiter that prevents the overhead shelf from falling under load. Cylindrical shelf holders made of metal are common. There are 4 of them used on each shelf. These are the most budget products. Their disadvantage is the small contact area with the surface of the shelf, so they are usually used only in structures that will be subject to minor loads. More stable are holders with a shelf, which usually represent something between a cylindrical accessory and a connecting corner.

Shelf holders with a clamp are used to secure glass shelves. They are usually visible, so they are made from a more attractive material. Metal coated with chrome or paint is often used.

Pens

Almost all furniture that is equipped with doors and sashes is equipped with handles. Such furniture fittings have the most extensive range. Its cost can vary tenfold. Handles can be in the form of slats, shells, buttons, etc. It is on this fitting that designers most often focus their attention, since it remains noticeable. Handles are constantly touched to open a drawer or door. In this regard, they must be made of high-quality wear-resistant material. Cheap pens are made of wood and plastic. The most expensive fittings are those with an artistic twist, for example, those made in the shape of a leaf or an animal’s head.

Supports

This fittings are not the most popular, since not all types of furniture provide for its use. The supports are represented by legs and rollers. They are usually used on sofas and armchairs. Cabinets and desks have support around their entire perimeter, so separate legs are not needed.

The simplest feet are rubber pads that soften the harsh pressure on the floor covering. More expensive fittings have the ability to adjust the height. It is used when there is unevenness in the floor. These legs consist of two parts. The first is attached to the bottom of the furniture, and the second is twisted, changing the height. Thus, even if the floor has a slope, the surface of the furniture can be leveled.

Hooks

Such furniture fittings are used to equip cabinets and hallways. Clothes are hung on it using a loop. Hooks can be single or double. Their size determines what kind of clothes you can hang. Small ones can be attached to a jacket and coat. Large hooks can hold hats.

Locks

For furniture that has sections for storing valuables, special locks have been developed. They differ from classic door ones in their smaller dimensions. Naturally, the degree of their protection is very conditional. It will not be difficult to tear out a door with a lock if desired, but it will be noticeable, so such furniture fittings still have a place. You can also find quite reliable locks on sale, but it is advisable to install them only on solid wood products. Natural wood is more resistant to mechanical pressure, so it will not allow the screws holding the lock to break out. In the case of chipboard or MDF, it is the material itself that will fail, not the lock, so there is no need to overpay when purchasing it.

Shock absorbers

It's comparative the new kind fittings that ensure the opening and holding of horizontal doors open. They are typically used in overhead wall kitchen cabinets. These accessories are completely identical to gas shock absorbers that raise the trunk lid of passenger cars. They are classified according to the weight they need to hold. For little ones thin doors Budget shock absorbers are used, but if you have to support serious weight, you will have to spend money, because if the shock absorber fails, then a falling door can cause injury.

Bumpers

This is a budget simple fitting that usually comes in the form of a small sticker. Sometimes there are bumpers in the form of a pushpin or equipped with a nail and a rubber pad on its head. They are installed in furniture at the ends where it is in contact with the front of the drawer or opening doors. The soft surface of the bump stop prevents swipe in case of careless closing of furniture and prevents damage to it. The use of this fitting reduces the loudness of closing drawers and doors.

Magnets

This furniture fittings are used less and less due to the advent of more advanced mechanisms. It consists of two elements: a metal plate and a magnet. The cover is screwed to inside doors, and the magnet is directly opposite, at the bottom of the cabinet or cabinet. When the door is closed, it is held in place so it does not open on its own.

Closers

This fitting is one of the most expensive. It is something between a gas shock absorber and a bump stop. Its function is to stop the closing door or flap just before final closing. If you lower the doors, they will not slam, but will slowly close. Sometimes closers are mounted in hinges, which is the most a good option. Budget fittings are supplied separately. In this case, it acts as a soft shock-absorbing bumper, capable of only stopping movement without pulling the door behind it. Such a closer is suitable for installation only if the hinges tend to press on the doors independently when closing.

Railing pipes

To equip cabinets, pipes and rod guides are used, which ensure the fixation of hangers with clothes. They are made of steel or aluminum. This fitting is subject to heavy loads, so it is made quite durable. It is advisable to choose a stainless steel pipe whose surface is polished rather than painted, since over time the paint will come off due to friction on the hanger hooks. Sometimes such pipes can be found in the kitchen, where ladles and other accessories are hung on them.

• handles - used to open sashes, doors, drawers;
• locks - designed for locking drawers or doors;
• edging materials - they are used to decorate the edges of custom-made furniture elements (sashes, table tops, etc.), improve their appearance and provide additional mechanical protection;
• decorative elements - flat or three-dimensional overlays, used for decoration, can mask joints or some structural elements.

The main requirements for this group of products are durability of appearance, as well as ease of use. The coating of the front furniture fittings should not wear out, it should be resistant to mechanical damage, burnout, etc. The fittings themselves can be made of plastic, metal, or wood. The choice of material depends on the design features and design of a particular piece of furniture.

Fastening accessories for furniture

These structures are used to connect parts. This group includes the following types products.

• Furniture hinges

Used when installing sashes and doors. They are made of metal and must have a large margin of strength, withstand constant loads, holding the door or flap and ensuring its opening and closing. Loops can have different designs. The angle of opening of the sash, the specific method of fastening, the possibility of independently returning the sash to the closed position, and the possibility of fixing the door in the open position at a certain angle depend on it.

• Lifting mechanisms and elevators

They are an alternative to hinges, most often used if it is necessary for the sash to open in vertical plane(leans back). Elevators and lifting mechanisms can have different designs, be mechanical and gas. A damping function can also be provided, in which the open sash can be fixed in any position.

• Shelf holders

Used for fastening shelves inside custom-made cabinet furniture. They may involve a fixed fastening, as well as fixing with the possibility of folding the shelf.

• Ties

This group includes fasteners whose sole purpose is to secure individual parts relative to each other. Bolts, screws, self-tapping screws, angles, etc. can be used as ties.

• Accessories for drawers

These are systems of guides and rollers that ensure the movement of boxes in a horizontal plane. As a rule, such systems have travel limiters.

• Sealing elements

They are made from different materials, from PVC to silicone. They have two main functions: ensuring tight, reliable joining of parts and protecting their joints from mechanical destruction.

Towards quality fastening fittings The requirements are particularly stringent. It must be reliable and durable, ensuring trouble-free operation of the furniture for many years. Another important nuance- this is compactness. Such products should not be too large; it is important that they are invisible and do not take up too much space - this will save interior furniture space.

The Forest 31 company uses only high-quality, durable and reliable fittings for custom-made kitchens. It is selected taking into account a number of parameters - from the weight and size of individual parts to appearance and functionality. The correct choice of such products is the key to the fact that the furniture will last a long time and its use will be truly convenient.

The kitchen is an important room for every residential property owner. It acts as the personification of the home, so it must certainly be attractive, cozy, and multifunctional. You should choose thoroughly and carefully not only the kitchen set, dining table, appliances, but also different handles, other small items. Various accessories for kitchen furniture are available in numerous types, and modern elements are truly multifunctional, comfortable, and beautiful.

Many people are sure that kitchen furniture is just handles and hinges, but in fact it is represented by numerous small elements. Each of them has its own purpose and characteristics, so before purchasing these structures it is recommended to study their parameters.

Design fittings

This includes numerous facial decorative elements. They are attached with outside headset, so they are in a visible place. They are highly attractive and decorative, therefore they act as an additional decoration for the structure.

The design of the fittings should not only be beautiful, but also comfortable and ergonomic.

The main elements of such fittings include handles made from numerous materials. They can have different sizes, shapes, colors, and other parameters. This makes it possible to select the optimal handles for each headset that fit perfectly into the design. They must additionally be resistant to various influences encountered in the kitchen. Therefore, they should not deform or lose their appearance under the influence of high humidity.

Dampers

This device is designed to soften shocks when opening or closing doors. different cabinets and drawers in the kitchen. If these elements are missing, then the furniture in the kitchen is subject to significant mechanical stress, which significantly reduces their service life.

Damping systems, designed to soften shocks and pops, perform many important functions:

• increase service life kitchen sets;
• keep the appearance of the doors unchanged;
• provide high functionality of structures.

Dampers are installed directly on door hinges, which ensures a smooth, silent process for opening or closing doors. Self-regulating dampers are considered the most optimal. This kitchen furniture set automatically adjusts to the dimensions of the facade, as well as its weight and speed of movement during the process of opening or closing it.

These products are produced in numerous varieties, differing appearance, design. By device there are:

• pneumatic pistons, and they begin to soften a couple of seconds before the door closes, for which the facade is paused, after which its movement slowly and silently continues until it is completely closed;
• gear mechanisms, due to which the door can be fixed in different places, and in any case closes softly, quickly and easily.

Typically, kitchen furniture is produced without these fittings, so the owners of the structures purchase them themselves to facilitate the process of use. different boxes in the kitchen.

Guides

This fittings are represented by special rails. They are mounted on the side walls of various drawers and cabinets. Due to them, easy, fast movement of the roll-out elements of the kitchen set is ensured. Roller guides make it possible to quickly and smoothly, as well as easily and silently pull out and close different drawers.

The roller guide system is considered reliable and inexpensive. An alternative is ball guides. They are used if the boxes have significant weight and therefore must withstand a large load. Ball structures are mounted on boxes with significant width and depth.

Loops

Thanks to the hinges, it is possible to open the cabinet fronts in different sides. Not a single kitchen set is complete without these components. Drawers are used many times every day, so hinges must be durable, reliable and easy to use. Increasingly, not the standard hinges used several decades ago, but modern products are beginning to be used. They are made from high-strength material, so they last a long time.

Hinges are available in numerous designs and colors, so there is something for everyone. furniture set made in a specific style and color, the most suitable elements are selected. Depending on the design of the hinge, it is determined what the opening angle of the cabinet door will be. If such a significant angle is required, for example, in the presence of withdrawable systems, then it is advisable to purchase products that provide an opening angle exceeding 175 degrees.

Hinges may vary in the number of hinges present. If you use designs that have 15 or 17 hinges, they can not only open the door wide, but even move it if necessary.

Hinges are selected depending on what material the kitchen set itself is made of, so some are used for plastic, and others for chipboard. Installation can be done inside or outside, and thanks to the hinges, it is possible to quickly and easily remove the doors from the drawers and then hang them back.

Lifting mechanisms

Many manufacturers of kitchen sets equip them with special cabinets that open at different angles. For them, you need to use specialized fittings - lifting mechanisms.

They are created using:

• special spring mechanism, but such a system cannot secure the sash open, although it has a low cost;
• pneumatic gas lift, which has a high price, but with its help the angle of lift of the sash can be easily adjusted, and it can also be fixed in different positions.

Such fittings are convenient, but considered expensive. There are plenty of photos of her below.

Metaboxes

These elements are created on the basis of roller guides, but have certain advantages compared to them. Their design has two guides that act as the side walls of the drawer, and they are highly durable. The main advantage of using metaboxes is their long service life, reliability, and strength.

It is possible to adjust the fixation of the fronts and walls of the drawers, so an individual, most comfortable fit is selected for each drawer. Metaboxes are really easy to use and come in a variety of colors.

Railings

Presented as a special basis for various accessories and utensils in the kitchen. They are distinguished by a simple device, as they are a hollow metal tube. It is mounted directly above the stove or countertop, as well as above other work surfaces.

After fastening, various small elements, such as towels and cutlery, potholders and other things, are hung on the railing. For this purpose, the structure has special small metal hooks. Railings are certainly equipped with special corner parts and plugs that have an attractive appearance.

Kitchen furniture needs the most carefully thought-out functional filling, since this is where household members spend most of their free time, which means it is subject to the harshest use.

In order for new kitchen furniture to last a long time, it is necessary to equip it not only with bright, beautiful facades, but also special attention should be paid to the selection of high-quality and reliable fittings.

Types and classification of kitchen accessories

Furniture hinges

For each type of facade and for the varied configuration of a kitchen cabinet, there is a different type of hinge with a different opening angle, ranging from 30⁰ to 270⁰. Each hinge can be additionally equipped with a closer, allowing you to quietly and smoothly close the facade.

1 overhead loop

It is used for conventional hinged facades that are placed over the sides of the cabinet. This hinge allows the door to swing open to 110⁰.

2 Half-overlay loop

It is necessary in cases where it is technically impossible to completely cover the side of the cabinet with the facade. A semi-overlay (middle) hinge is used in cabinets where two doors are attached to one side and open in opposite directions. Opening angle - 110⁰

3 Inner loop

The facades are located between two sides and open at an angle of 100⁰.

4 Corner hinge

Installed in corner drawers, opening angle - 90⁰.

5 Adit (blind, straight) loop

It is attached to the overhead strip, which is located flush with the facade. Opens at 90⁰.

6 Complex (medium, carousel) loop

Suitable for corner drawers with a frame resembling the letter “G”. Allows you to fasten two facades in the middle for further synchronous opening.

7 Transformable loop

Installed in tandem with a complex one. It is this that bears the weight of the two facades and is equipped with a good opening angle. It can also be used if you plan to install a drawer inside the cabinet behind the door.

Naturally, this list is far from complete; there are many more furniture hinges, but those listed above are the most popular in the production of kitchen sets.

Pull-out fittings (slides)

Main types of drawer guides

1 Ball (telescopic) guides

The method of action is to move the sled using miniature balls inside metal case. An undoubted advantage is the full extension of the drawer, smooth running and the possibility of installing a door closer. Innovative tandem boxes and some functional baskets are equipped with telescopic guides;

Budget option with incomplete opening (1/3 of the internal space of the case is closed from view). Inexpensive retractable grids are used with roller slides, which are used to optimize the interior space of the kitchen and metaboxes (drawers with metal sides).

Accessories for kitchen corner cabinets

The most hard to reach place in the kitchen - this is the inside of the corner drawers. Despite the impressive size of the empty space of the cabinet, nothing is usually stored there, since the objects placed inside are quite difficult to get out.

It was for maximum optimization of corner space that retractable baskets were invented with complex mechanisms that pull the shelves attached to it when the facade is opened; carousel nets used for storing large kitchen utensils, where the shelves rotate around their axis; guides for corner drawers and much more.

Lifting mechanisms

Furniture fittings for wall drawers with horizontal fronts are quite diverse.

1

Two shock absorbers are installed on one façade in tandem with hinges. The operating principle is a piston mechanism. They differ in lifting force, which must be calculated based on the overall dimensions of the facade and the material from which the furniture door is made.

2 Lifting mechanism (elevator) with a closer for opening the facade vertically

Operating principle - the door smoothly rises up, providing full access to internal space. Minus - the distance from the roof of the box should be greater than the height of the door.

3 Folding mechanism with a closer for simultaneous opening of two horizontal facades at once

In this case, the doors fold like a screen relative to a horizontal plane. Ideal for short people.

4 Lifting mechanism allowing you to “drive in” furniture facade on the roof of the hanging box

In this case, the door seems to lie on top of the cabinet. Convenient opening for tall upper cabinets that are located close to the ceiling. The mechanism is equipped with a closer.

It doesn’t matter what kind of fittings are chosen for kitchen furniture - with or without closers, retractable or hinged, with a vertical or folding lift - the main thing is that it is made by a trusted manufacturer.

(modena select=18, Custom kitchens in Moscow and the region)